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Sunday, May 24

Daily Current Affairs: 24 May 2026

Analysis for 24 May 2026

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves surplus transfer of ₹2.86 lakh crore to Government

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved a record surplus transfer of ₹2.86 lakh crore to the government for FY26, which is a 7% increase from the previous year.
  • The RBI balance sheet expanded by 20.6% to reach ₹91.9 lakh crore at the end of the last financial year.
  • Net income before risk provisions and transfers to statutory reserves rose to ₹3.9 lakh crore in FY26, compared to ₹3.13 lakh crore in the previous year.
  • Under the revised Economic Capital Framework (ECF), the RBI lowered the Contingent Risk Buffer (CRB) to 6.5% for FY26 from 7.5% in the previous year.
  • The RBI transferred ₹1.09 lakh crore to the CRB for FY26, as against ₹44.8 crore transferred in the previous year.

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Government data shows India’s April–February fiscal deficit at Rs 12.53 lakh crore, 80.4% of FY26 aim (Start of April) ▼
  • India’s fiscal deficit for April–February was Rs 12.53 lakh crore, equal to 80.4% of the FY26 budget estimate.
  • Total receipts up to February stood at Rs 27.92 lakh crore, 82.0% of the revised estimate.
  • Total expenditure for the period was Rs 40.45 lakh crore, 81.5% of the revised estimate.
  • Tax revenue reached Rs 21.45 lakh crore, 80.2% of the budget target.
  • Non-tax revenue stood at Rs 5.81 lakh crore, 87.0% of the estimate, boosted by transfers from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • Revenue expenditure was Rs 31.15 lakh crore, 80.5% of the revised estimate.
  • Capital expenditure totalled Rs 9.29 lakh crore, 84.8% of the budgeted target.
  • Interest payments during April–February were Rs 10.65 lakh crore.
  • Revenue deficit for the period was Rs 3.89 lakh crore, 73.8% of the full-year estimate.
  • Primary deficit stood at Rs 1.87 lakh crore, 65.9% of budget estimates.
  • Major subsidies amounted to Rs 3.90 lakh crore, 91% of revised estimates, with food subsidy at Rs 1.93 lakh crore and fertiliser subsidies near full-year targets.
  • Petroleum subsidy spending was Rs 8,823 crore, 58% of estimates.
Government data shows India’s April-January fiscal deficit at ₹9.81 lakh crore, 63% of FY26 target (Start of March) ▼
  • India’s fiscal deficit for April-January stood at ₹9.81 lakh crore, 63% of the 2025-26 budget estimate.
  • The deficit narrowed from 74.5% recorded in the same period of the previous year.
  • Total receipts during April-January were ₹27.09 lakh crore, 79.5% of the budget target.
  • Total expenditure for April-January was ₹36.90 lakh crore, 74.3% of the budget target.
  • Tax revenue receipts were ₹20.94 lakh crore, 78.3% of the budget estimate.
  • Non-tax revenue receipts were ₹5.57 lakh crore, 83.5% of the budget estimate.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved a dividend of ₹2.69 lakh crore to the central government, up from ₹2.11 lakh crore last year.
  • Revenue deficit was ₹1.96 lakh crore, 37.3% of the fiscal year’s budget target.
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman set the fiscal deficit target for 2025-26 at 4.4% of GDP.
  • The fiscal deficit target for 2026-27 was set at 4.3% of GDP.
  • Expenditure on major subsidies (food, fertilisers, petroleum) was ₹3.55 lakh crore, 83% of the revised annual aim.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) releases Rs 2.54 lakh crore state borrowing calendar for April-June 2026 (Start of April) ▼
  • RBI announces indicative calendar for state market borrowings worth Rs 2,54,509 crore during April-June 2026.
  • Nine pilot states—Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh—adopt Benchmark Issuance Strategy (BIS).
  • Pilot states to raise Rs 1,53,900 crore under BIS framework.
  • Remaining states and Union Territories to borrow Rs 1,00,609 crore through traditional methods.
  • RBI retains right to revise auction dates and amounts in consultation with states.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) injects ₹48,014 crore via 7-day VRR auction (Mid of March) ▼
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) infused ₹48,014 crore into the banking system through a seven-day variable rate repo (VRR) auction.
  • The funds were injected at a cut-off and weighted average rate of 5.26 per cent.
  • The auction amount was significantly lower than the notified ₹1.50 lakh crore.
  • Surplus liquidity in the banking system dropped to around ₹75,483.63 crore as of March 16 from ₹2.08 lakh crore on March 15 due to advance tax outflows.
  • Since January 2026, the RBI has infused ₹3.50 lakh crore of durable liquidity through open market purchases (OMO) of government securities.

British International Investment (BII) and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP) launch $300 million India renewable energy platform

Key Updates:

  • British International Investment (BII) and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP) have launched a $300 million renewable energy platform named North Star in India.
  • BII and CIP will each commit up to $150 million to the platform, which is structured to attract additional institutional and private capital.
  • North Star will invest across solar, wind, hybrid renewable energy, and storage projects.
  • The platform is estimated to generate more than 4 million MWh of clean energy and avoid around 4 million tonnes of carbon emissions annually.
  • North Star is the first investment under British Climate Partners (BCP), a £1.1 billion climate finance platform launched by BII as part of its five-year strategy for emerging Asian economies.

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Tata Power and Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC) Sign Pact for Clean Energy Training in Bhutan (End of May) ▼
  • Tata Power and Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC) signed an initial pact to build a training framework for developing 5,000 MW clean energy capacity in Bhutan.
  • The training programmes will be delivered through the Tata Power Skill Development Institute (TPSDI) to bridge the skill gap in the power sector.
  • The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed by Praveer Sinha, CEO and Managing Director of Tata Power, and Dasho Chhewang Rinzin, Managing Director of DGPC.
  • TPSDI operates a robust training network across India, offering hands-on training in thermal, hydel, and renewable energy technologies.
  • The collaboration focuses on technologies including solar, wind, and green hydrogen to strengthen local capabilities for the clean energy sector in Bhutan.
World Engineering Day 2026 themed 'Smart engineering for a sustainable future through innovation and digitalisation' (Start of March) ▼
  • World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development (WED) 2026 is recognised by UNESCO and delivered by the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO).
  • Adani Group has been named the official partner for WED 2026, the first time an Indian organisation has been selected by WFEO for this global platform.
  • The Khavda renewable energy project in Gujarat, developed by Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL) in collaboration with Adani Energy Solutions and Adani New Industries, is highlighted by WFEO as a defining example of India's energy transition.
  • The Khavda plant is being constructed on 538 square kilometres of barren land in the Kutch region, an area five times the size of Paris.
  • The project is planned to reach 30 GW capacity by 2029 and is currently the world's largest renewable energy plant under construction.
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ranks India third-largest renewable energy market in 2025 (Start of April) ▼
  • India added 45 GW of renewable capacity in 2025, raising total installed renewable energy capacity to 250.5 GW from 175.9 GW in 2023.
  • Solar capacity additions in India reached 37 GW in 2025, making it the second-highest contributor globally after China.
  • India’s wind energy capacity increased by 6.3 GW in 2025, marking its highest annual increase.
  • Hydropower installed capacity in India grew from 52 GW in 2024 to 56 GW in 2025, while pumped hydro rose from 4.7 GW to 7.2 GW.
  • Globally, renewable share of total installed power capacity rose to 49.4 per cent in 2025 from 46.3 per cent in 2024.

National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) and Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) Sign MoU to Strengthen ESG and Capital Markets

Key Updates:

  • The National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) and the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Mumbai on May 19.
  • NISM is an educational institution established by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), while IICA functions under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
  • The collaboration focuses on capacity building, research, and policy support in corporate governance, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices, and capital markets.
  • SEBI Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey emphasised the need for a performance-driven corporate governance ecosystem and enabling Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to access capital markets.
  • The institutions will jointly conduct certification courses and training programmes in areas such as Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), insolvency, and valuation.

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Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approves AIF, FPI, InvIT, REIT and governance reforms in 213th board meeting. (End of March) ▼
  • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) held its 213th board meeting in Mumbai on 23 March 2026.
  • SEBI amended AIF Regulations 2012 to allow Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) with no active fund management to retain residual assets for up to 3 years subject to 75% investor approval.
  • SEBI introduced net settlement for Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) in the cash market to cut funding and forex conversion costs.
  • SEBI expanded retail access to Social Impact Funds (SIFs) by lowering minimum investment and easing disclosure norms.
  • SEBI allowed Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) to invest in greenfield projects, hold multiple SPVs, borrow for capex and refinancing, and undertake maintenance expenses.
  • SEBI revised fit-and-proper criteria to bar persons with pending FIRs for economic offences or securities law violations and reduced disqualification period to six months in specified cases.
  • SEBI mandated SEBI staff to liquidate or freeze personal securities holdings, file initial, annual and event-based conflict disclosures, and recuse from decisions when conflicts arise.
  • SEBI approved creation of an Office of Ethics and Compliance (OEC), a digital monitoring system and a whistle-blower framework for stronger conflict-of-interest oversight.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) authorises ZikZuk Technologies as PPI Issuer

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted final authorisation to Hyderabad-based ZikZuk Technologies Private Limited to operate as a Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) Issuer.
  • The authorisation was issued under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
  • ZikZuk Technologies is authorised to provide General Purpose PPIs, which include Full-KYC and Small PPIs.
  • The company can issue Special Purpose PPIs, including Gift PPIs, Transit PPIs for public transport (metro, bus, rail, and toll payments), and PPIs for Foreign Nationals and Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) visiting India under the UPI One World framework.
  • The company is positioned to develop regulated payment products such as digital wallets, prepaid cards, and stored-value solutions under the oversight of the RBI.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants NBFC licence to One MobiKwik Systems (End of April) ▼
  • One MobiKwik Systems has received approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) licence to launch its in-house lending business.
  • The company will establish a wholly owned subsidiary named MobiKwik Financial Services Private Limited to expand regulated lending operations and roll out credit products for consumers and merchants.
  • The NBFC licence is intended to help the fintech firm strengthen its full-stack financial services, improve lending margins, and accelerate the launch of new products.
  • MobiKwik plans to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning models to offer personalised financial products and expand credit access in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.
  • The company, which has a user base of over 186 million users, will commence operations after receiving a certificate of registration from the RBI.
  • Following the announcement, the share price of One MobiKwik Systems surged by 14.02% to ₹230.26.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) extends registration validity for NPOs on Social Stock Exchange (Mid of April) ▼
  • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has extended the registration validity for not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) on the Social Stock Exchange (SSE) from two years to three years without raising funds.
  • SEBI has lowered the minimum subscription requirement for Zero Coupon Zero Principal (ZCZP) instruments from 75 per cent to 50 per cent for projects where costs and outcomes can be implemented on a clearly identifiable per-unit basis.
  • SSEs must conduct due diligence to ensure that funds raised at the lower 50 per cent subscription threshold can be meaningfully deployed towards stated objectives.
  • Funds will be refunded to investors if the minimum subscription requirement is not met.
  • In March, the SEBI board approved a reduction in the minimum investment required from individual investors in social impact funds from ₹2 lakh to ₹1,000.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) grants PMS licence to Bajaj Alternate Investment Management. (Start of April) ▼
  • Bajaj Alternate Investment Management (Bajaj Alts) has received SEBI approval to commence portfolio management services (PMS).
  • The PMS will target high net-worth individuals (HNIs) and ultra high net-worth individuals (UHNIs).
  • Lakshmi Iyer is Group President – Investments and Managing Director & CEO of Bajaj Alts.
  • Jitendra Gohil serves as CIO – Listed Equities at Bajaj Alts.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Authorises CRED as Payment Aggregator (Mid of March) ▼
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted final authorisation to CRED (Dreamplug Paytech Solutions Private Limited) to operate as a payment aggregator.
  • The license enables the Bengaluru-based fintech firm to onboard merchants, collect payments on their behalf across instruments, and handle settlements and refunds.
  • CRED and its subsidiaries now hold two RBI authorisations, including the Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) license.
  • The company reported a 16 per cent growth in consolidated operating revenue to ₹2,735 crore in the financial year 2024-25 (FY25).
  • Operating losses for the firm reduced to ₹298 crore in FY25 from ₹609 crore in the previous financial year (FY24).
  • The fintech platform, founded by Kunal Shah, currently maintains a member base of over 1.5 crore.

Smart Border Project and High Powered Demography Mission Announced for National Security

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) will launch the Smart Border Project equipped with drones, radars, and advanced cameras to create an impregnable security grid along the borders within the next year.
  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi announced the formation of a High Powered Demography Mission to address unnatural demographic changes and identify illegal infiltrators.
  • The Border Security Force (BSF), established in 1965 under K.F. Rustamji, has expanded from 25 battalions to become the world’s largest border guarding force with 2.70 lakh personnel.
  • The central government has extended the operational jurisdiction of the BSF from 15 kilometres to 50 kilometres to strengthen border management and coordination with state administrations.
  • A comprehensive welfare programme for all Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) personnel and their families is scheduled to be introduced by the government within the next two months.

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Census 2027: Launch of Toll-free Helpline and WhatsApp Chatbot (End of April) ▼
  • The Registrar General of India (RGI) launched a national toll-free helpline, 1855, and a WhatsApp chatbot for Census 2027.
  • The multi-lingual service is designed to support enumerators, supervisors, and the general public.
  • Census 2027 is the eighth Census since Independence and is the first to be fully digital with self-enumeration options.
  • The first phase, Housing Listing and Housing Enumeration (HLO), is scheduled from April to September 2026.
  • The second phase, population enumeration, is set for February 2027.
  • Specific queries will be forwarded to the respective state Directorate of Census Operations for resolution.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) releases National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy (PRAHAAR) (End of February) ▼
  • The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has released the National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy, named PRAHAAR, to provide a comprehensive framework for preventing and mitigating terrorism.
  • The strategy emphasizes intelligence-led operations, multi-agency coordination, and a zero-tolerance stance against terrorism while upholding human rights and the rule of law.
  • The Multi Agency Centre (MAC) and the Joint Task Force on Intelligence (JTFI) under the Intelligence Bureau (IB) serve as nodal platforms for real-time sharing of counter-terror inputs.
  • The National Security Guard (NSG) functions as the nodal national counter-terror force under the MHA to assist state forces and enhance their operational capacities.
  • Legal frameworks supporting the strategy include the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) 1967, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023.
  • The policy identifies critical infrastructure for protection, including power, railways, aviation, ports, defence, space, and atomic energy.
  • The Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D), in collaboration with state and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) training institutions, will conduct regular training for personnel.
  • The strategy addresses the use of modern technology by terrorist groups, including encrypted communications, the dark web, cryptocurrency, and drones.

UMMID Programme Dedicated to Nation for Genome-Based Precision Healthcare

Key Updates:

  • Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh dedicated the UMMID (Unique Methods of Management of Inherited Disorders) programme to the nation on 21 May 2026.
  • The programme is designed to improve early diagnosis, screening, counselling and management of inherited disorders and lay the foundation for precision medicine in India.
  • The programme has already helped nearly three lakh individuals through various screening and diagnostic services.
  • Nearly 30 NIDAN Kendras have been established across the country to provide advanced genetic testing, counselling and diagnostic support.
  • The initiative has expanded its reach into Aspirational Districts and underserved regions.

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Jiyo Parsi portal records 300 fresh registrations at Mumbai facilitation camp (Start of April) ▼
  • The Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) and Bombay Parsi Panchayat organised a Universal Parsi Registration Drive in Mumbai that recorded 300 fresh registrations on the Jiyo Parsi portal.
  • Jiyo Parsi, launched in 2013-14, is a Central Sector Scheme to arrest the declining Parsi population.
  • The scheme provides medical assistance for fertility treatment and pregnancy-related care, financial assistance for childcare and care of dependent elderly, and advocacy through counselling, awareness campaigns, and outreach programmes.
  • Assistance is released via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) after biometric authentication and verification by respective state governments.
  • Census data show Parsi population declined from 1,14,000 in 1941 to 57,264 in 2011.
  • Between 2020-21 and 2024-25, Rs 17.64 crore was spent and 232 babies were born under the scheme.
  • An evaluation by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) in 2025 found the scheme largely successful in reaching its intended population.
UAE unveils two gene therapy projects targeting monogenic autism and paediatric neurodegenerative disorders (End of February) ▼
  • Emirates Health Services (EHS) announced two gene therapy initiatives for rare neurological and genetic disorders in children.
  • The first project targets monogenic autism and epilepsy, including Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (BPAN).
  • Enhanced gene delivery systems will target specific brain cells to improve efficacy and safety.
  • The second project will develop genetic interventions, repair faulty genes, and use cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Artificial intelligence and Emirati Genome Programme data will identify at-risk children for earlier diagnosis.
  • Both projects are developed in collaboration with the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY): ₹5 Lakh Health Coverage (Start of May) ▼
  • Ayushman Bharat Diwas is celebrated annually on April 30 to recognise the impact of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).
  • PM-JAY was launched on September 23, 2018, in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
  • The scheme provides cashless health coverage of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary healthcare.
  • It targets over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore individuals), focusing on the poorest 40% of the population identified by SECC 2011 data.
  • The programme is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) under the umbrella of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
  • The scheme covers pre-existing conditions and provides access to over 1,900 medical procedures at empanelled public and private hospitals.
  • Beneficiary groups include low-income families, people with chronic illnesses, hospitalised patients, women, the elderly, and interstate migrants.
  • The coverage includes maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases, mental health, and rehabilitation care.
  • By late 2025, more than 5.38 crore Ayushman cards were issued, with 74.4 lakh beneficiaries in Uttar Pradesh receiving free treatment.
  • Over 1 lakh Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) have been operationalised to expand healthcare access in underserved areas.
  • The Ask Ayushman chatbot on WhatsApp is utilised to help users find hospitals and check eligibility.
Union Minister Jitendra Singh lays foundation for cGMP facility at BRIC-RGCB (Start of March) ▼
  • Union Minister Jitendra Singh laid the foundation stone for a state-of-the-art current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) facility at the Akkulam campus of Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre--Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (BRIC-RGCB) in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • He dedicated the National Facility for Recombinant Cells & Sensors, housing 600-700 types of stable cells covering several cancer targets, positioning it among the leading global resource centres for such innovative tools.
  • Singh inaugurated the annual National Science Day programme at the BRIC-RGCB campus.
  • The minister highlighted India's BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) Policy as a dedicated biotechnology policy aimed at making the economy bio-driven.
  • He noted the Union Budget announcement of the Biopharma SHAKTI Mission, signalling policy recognition that future global economies will increasingly be driven by biotechnology.
  • Singh urged BRIC-RGCB to explore interdisciplinary collaborations with the private sector in the liberalised nuclear medicine domain.
  • Secretary, Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Director General, BRIC, Dr Rajesh Gokhale, stated that the government launched the HPV vaccination drive based on data generated by BRIC-RGCB.
  • Prof VPN Nampoori of CUSAT, Kochi, authored the National Science Day book 'Quantum Physics: One Hundred Magical Years' released by the minister on the occasion.

Bharat Tex 2026 Event App launched for AI-driven Networking and Matchmaking

Key Updates:

  • The government launched the Bharat Tex 2026 Event App to enhance Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven networking, business matchmaking, and participant engagement at India’s flagship textile event.
  • The digital platform was launched by Neelam Shami Rao and is supported by the Ministry of Textiles (MoT) to assist buyers, exhibitors, international delegates, sourcing consultants, speakers, and visitors.
  • Key features of the app include an AI-powered smart assistant for 24x7 conversational support, Quick Response (QR) based lead capture for saving contact details, and venue navigation with floor plans.
  • Bharat Tex 2026 is organised by the Bharat Tex Trade Federation in collaboration with 11 textile export promotion councils and industry bodies, with support from the MoT.
  • Based on the 5F Vision (Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign), the event will be held in New Delhi from July 14 to 17, 2026, expecting over 7,000 international buyers and 1.3 lakh trade visitors.

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Madhya Pradesh partners with Google Cloud India for AI-powered governance and Smart Simhastha 2028 (End of May) ▼
  • The Madhya Pradesh government and Google Cloud India plan to establish an AI Center of Excellence in Indore to train and connect more than 10,000 developers.
  • For Simhastha 2028, Google Cloud India proposed AI-based systems including real-time crowd management, predictive traffic systems, and digital twin monitoring.
  • A multilingual AI-enabled application called 'Sahayak' was proposed to provide live crowd information, route guidance, and emergency alerts for pilgrims.
  • In agriculture, a Gemini-powered AI network was proposed to provide farmers with localized guidance, market insights, and digital support services.
  • For healthcare, the proposed 'Ojas AI' framework may support remote clinical assistance, high-risk pregnancy identification, and real-time health monitoring.
Ashwini Vaishnaw launches National AI Skilling, MyWAV & DD Free Dish EPG initiatives (End of March) ▼
  • Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting (I&B) Ashwwa Vaishnaw unveiled three inter-linked measures to boost India’s media and creative economy.
  • National AI Skilling initiative, implemented by Indian Institute of Creative Technologies (IICT) with Google and YouTube, will train 15,000 youths at zero fee.
  • Phase-I of the AI programme runs 23 March-30 June 2026, covering Google Career Certificates and Cloud Generative AI paths; completion is mandatory for Phase-II.
  • Phase-II (July-December 2026) offers advanced, project-based specialisation for the creative industry using Gemini 3, Nano Banana, Veo and Vertex AI tools.
  • MyWAVES, a citizen-creator platform on WAVES OTT, enables users to create, upload and share content and is positioned to strengthen the digital ecosystem.
  • Advanced Electronic Programme Guide (EPG) and in-built satellite tuners in TV sets expand DD Free Dish access without set-top boxes, improving reach in remote areas.
  • All three initiatives aim to build capabilities, widen opportunities and ensure access to content, supporting the ‘Orange Economy’ as highlighted in the Union Budget.
  • Gunjan Soni, Managing Director, YouTube India, stated the partnership seeks to make India a global hub for digital content and innovation.
Third Edition of AICTE-VAANI Scheme Launched with ₹4 Crore Annual Outlay (Mid of April) ▼
  • The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) launched the third edition of the AICTE-VAANI (Vibrant Advocacy for Advancement and Nurturing of Indian Languages) scheme.
  • The scheme provides an annual financial assistance of ₹4 crore to support 200 conferences, seminars, and workshops, with each selected institution receiving ₹2 lakh.
  • Events under the AICTE-VAANI will be conducted over two to three days in 22 regional languages, including Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, and Urdu.
  • The initiative covers 16 thrust areas in emerging domains such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Science, Quantum Technology, Hydrogen Energy, Cybersecurity, Space and Defence, and Agrotech.
  • Applications from AICTE-approved institutions are invited through the AICTE-ATAL portal from 18 April to 17 May 2026.
  • The AICTE-VAANI aims to facilitate the publication of research papers in Indian languages and strengthen collaboration between academia and industry.
Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Launches 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026 (End of March) ▼
  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications has launched the second edition of the 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026.
  • The initiative is organised under the 100 5G Use Case Labs Initiative to develop scalable solutions using 5G and allied technologies.
  • The hackathon is open to students, start-ups, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and independent innovators across India.
  • Submissions are accepted from 20 March 2026 until 17 April 2026 through designated nodal centres at academic institutions.
  • A seed funding pool of ₹50 lakh has been allocated for prototype development, while the total prize pool exceeds ₹10 lakh.
  • Prize rewards are structured as ₹5,00,000 for the first prize, ₹3,00,000 for the runner-up, ₹1,50,000 for the second runner-up, and ₹50,000 for the Best Idea Award.
  • Up to 25 teams will receive assistance for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) filing to protect and commercialise their solutions.
  • Final results will be announced on 1 October 2026, and winners will showcase their innovations at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026.
  • Focus areas include 5G Advanced, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), 5G RedCap (Reduced Capability), Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN).

India and Cyprus Elevate Bilateral Ties to Strategic Partnership During Presidential Visit

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi and Cyprus President Nikos Christodoulides elevated bilateral relations to a Strategic Partnership during high-level talks in New Delhi.
  • The two nations signed six agreements, including a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a Joint Working Group (JWG) on counter-terrorism and another between the Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Service and the Diplomatic Academy of Cyprus.
  • Agreements were also signed for cooperation in higher education, culture (2026–2030), and innovation between India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Cyprus’s Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy.
  • A technical arrangement for search and rescue operations was concluded between the Larnaca Joint Rescue Coordination Center of Cyprus and India’s Ministry of Defence (MoD), alongside a defence cooperation roadmap for 2026–2031.
  • Cyprus joined the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) trade pillar, announced a new Trade Center in Mumbai, and scheduled the first India-Cyprus Space Day for May 18, 2026.
  • India will gift a Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita & Maitri (BHISM) Cube to Cyprus as part of the new bilateral strategic initiatives which include dedicated Cyber Security and Consular Dialogues.

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India and Italy elevate ties to Special Strategic Partnership on 20 May 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • India and Italy upgraded bilateral ties to a Special Strategic Partnership and set a target to increase bilateral trade to €20 billion by 2029.
  • Both nations reaffirmed support for the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and planned a ministerial meeting in 2026.
  • The leaders launched INNOVIT India, an innovation hub for collaboration in artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum computing, healthcare, logistics, and fintech.
  • A Defence Industrial Roadmap was adopted for the co-development and co-production of helicopters, naval systems, and electronic warfare.
  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Italian Space Agency will expand cooperation in Earth observation, heliophysics, and space exploration.
  • Agreements were signed on critical minerals, agriculture, maritime transport, and ports, with investment pledges in automotive, semiconductors, clean technology, pharmaceuticals, digital technologies, infrastructure, and critical minerals.
  • The joint declaration condemned the April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack and discussed mechanisms to facilitate the movement of Indian nurses to Italy.
India and Russia sign Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) in February 2025 (End of April) ▼
  • India and Russia signed the Indo-Russian Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) in February 2025.
  • The RELOS pact came into force on January 12 and was ratified by Russia in December 2025.
  • The agreement allows up to 3,000 troops, five warships, and ten aircraft to be simultaneously stationed in the partner country.
  • The pact is valid for a period of five years and can be extended for another five years if both parties agree.
  • The agreement provides reciprocal access to military facilities, including airbases and ports, granting India access to Russian naval and air bases in the Arctic.
  • The scope of the pact includes joint military exercises, training, humanitarian missions, disaster relief operations, and coordinated missions.
  • Logistics support for warships includes port access, repair services, and the supply of water, food, and technical resources.
  • Support for military aircraft includes air traffic control, aeronautical data, processing of flight requests, use of military navigation systems, parking, and security.
  • Aviation fuel, lubricants, special fluids, and restoration of malfunctioning equipment will be provided on a reimbursable basis.
  • The agreement aims to enhance interoperability between the armed forces and boost defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific and Arctic regions.
India and Vietnam Review Defence Ties and Sign 13 Agreements in New Delhi on 6 May 2026 (Start of May) ▼
  • Union Minister for Defence Rajnath Singh held a bilateral meeting with Vietnam’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defence, General Phan Van Giang, in New Delhi on 6 May 2026.
  • The two nations signed 13 agreements to provide for deeper two-way engagement and reviewed the growing strategic trust under the India-Vietnam Enhanced Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
  • Discussions focused on expanding cooperation in key areas including maritime security, defence industry collaboration, and joint research, co-development, and co-production.
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh reiterated India’s commitment to working with Vietnam under the Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth for All in the Region (MAHASAGAR) vision.
  • Vietnam President To Lam was accorded a ceremonial welcome at Rashtrapati Bhavan on his maiden visit to India during the high-level exchanges.
India and European Union to grant each other Most Favoured Nation status for five years under trade deal (Start of March) ▼
  • India and the European Union (EU) will grant each other Most Favoured Nation status for five years after their trade deal takes effect.
  • The deal aims to eliminate or reduce tariffs on 96.6% of traded goods by value and is expected to double EU exports to India by 2032.
  • European companies are projected to save 4 billion euros in duties once the agreement is implemented.
  • Agriculture-related items such as soya, beef, sugar, rice and dairy have been excluded from the trade deal.
  • Both sides agreed not to impose new import or export restrictions beyond World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
  • India and the EU will align food safety and plant health measures with WTO standards and streamline certification and audit procedures.
  • The pact includes commitments to enhanced customs cooperation and faster clearance of goods.
  • Annual import data will be exchanged one year after the pact takes effect to monitor implementation and tariff preference usage.
  • The agreement promotes paperless trade and legal recognition of electronic contracts, signatures and authentication.
  • The EU will mobilise finance and investment to support India’s efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions under the pact.

India successfully tests Agni-1 Ballistic Missile on May 22, 2026

Key Updates:

  • India successfully test-launched the Short Range Ballistic Missile ‘Agni-1’ from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha, on May 22, 2026.
  • The test of the Agni-1 missile was conducted under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command.
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted a flight-trial of an advanced Agni missile featuring the Multiple Independently Targeted Re-Entry Vehicle (MIRV) system from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.
  • The MIRV-capable missile tested multiple payloads targeted at different locations spatially distributed over the Indian Ocean Region.
  • The missile was developed by DRDO laboratories with support from industries across the country and the trial was witnessed by DRDO scientists and Indian Army personnel.

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India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) completes final trials of ULPGM-V3 on 19 May 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed the final deliverable configuration development trials of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3.
  • The trials were conducted in Air-to-Ground and Air-to-Air modes at the Kurnool test range in Andhra Pradesh using an integrated Ground Control System (GCS).
  • The ULPGM-V3 is designed for anti-tank roles in Air-to-Ground mode and for targeting drones, helicopters, and other airborne targets in Air-to-Air mode.
  • The missile was developed by the Research Centre Imarat (RCI) as the nodal lab, alongside the Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL) Hyderabad, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) Chandigarh, and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) Pune.
  • Production partners for the system include Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) Hyderabad and Adani Defence Systems & Technologies Limited Hyderabad, with integration on UAVs developed by Newspace Research and Technologies Bengaluru.
NIBE Limited tests Suryastra rockets with 300 km range off Odisha on May 18 and 19, 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • NIBE Limited (NIBE) successfully conducted firing demonstrations of EXTRA (150 km range) and Predator Hawk (300 km range) "Suryastra" rockets.
  • The trials were carried out on May 18 and 19, 2026, at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha.
  • The rockets achieved a circular error probable (CEP) of 1.5 m and 2 m respectively, validating long-range precision strike capabilities.
  • The Indian Army issued a purchase order in January for the supply of Suryastra rockets and the universal rocket launcher under emergency procurement.
  • Suryastra is India's first indigenous, universal multi-calibre rocket launcher system featuring a modular launcher and shoot-and-scoot capabilities on an all-terrain tactical truck chassis.
India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) completes trials of ULPGM-V3 missile on 20 May 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed final development trials of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3 in air-to-ground and air-to-air modes.
  • The trials were conducted at the DRDO test range near Kurnool using an integrated Ground Control System (GCS).
  • The ULPGM-V3 is designed for anti-tank operations in air-to-ground mode and for targeting drones, helicopters, and other airborne targets in air-to-air mode.
  • The missile system was integrated with unmanned aerial vehicles developed by NewSpace Research and Technologies, based in Bengaluru.
  • The missile was developed by the Research Centre Imarat as the nodal laboratory, in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory.
  • DRDO partnered with Bharat Dynamics Limited and Adani Defence & Aerospace for production and manufacturing.
India conducts maiden test of nuclear-capable ICBM off Odisha coast on 9 May 2026 (Mid of May) ▼
  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted the maiden test of a nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) off the coast of Odisha.
  • The Agni-6 missile possesses a strike range of over 10,000 km and utilizes Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology.
  • The development of ICBM technology demonstrates mastery in re-entry technology, guidance systems, and complex rocket propulsion.
  • DRDO and the Indian Air Force (IAF) jointly conducted the first flight-trial of the Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation weapon off the Odisha coast.
  • The Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation weapon is an indigenous modular range extension kit used to convert unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons.

India and Ethiopia sign bilateral WTO accession protocol in Geneva

Key Updates:

  • India and Ethiopia signed a bilateral accession protocol in Geneva to facilitate Ethiopia's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
  • The protocol was signed by Senthil Pandian C., Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India to the WTO, and Tsegab Kebebew Daka, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to the United Nations Office and Other International Organisations in Geneva.
  • The agreement was fast-tracked and concluded under the guidance of the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal.
  • India is the second-largest trading partner of Ethiopia.
  • Bilateral relations between India and Ethiopia were elevated to a Strategic Partnership during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Ethiopia in December 2025.

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Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) and Austria launch Fast-Track Mechanism (FTM) to enhance bilateral trade (Mid of April) ▼
  • India and Austria signed and operationalised the FTM during the India-Austria Business Forum held in New Delhi.
  • The event marked the first official visit by an Austrian Chancellor to India in over four decades.
  • The FTM serves as a dedicated platform for Austrian and Indian investors to resolve operational challenges and improve the ease of doing business.
  • Union Minister Piyush Goyal highlighted reindustrialisation and advanced manufacturing as key drivers for the national economy.
  • Federal Chancellor of Austria, H.E. Dr. Christian Stocker, noted that bilateral trade between the two nations has reached approximately EUR 3 billion.
  • Approximately 160 Austrian firms are currently operating in India.
  • Sustainable development, green technologies, and advanced manufacturing were identified as primary areas for future bilateral cooperation.
  • The proposed India-European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was cited as a key enabler to create opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
India and Kenya hold 10th Joint Trade Committee meeting in Nairobi on April 27-28, 2026 (End of April) ▼
  • India and Kenya held the 10th session of the Joint Trade Committee (JTC) in Nairobi on April 27-28, 2026.
  • The meeting was co-chaired by Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal and Kenya’s Principal Secretary for Trade Regina Akotah Ombam.
  • Bilateral trade between India and Kenya reached $4.31 billion in 2025-26, representing a 24.91 per cent increase from $3.45 billion in the previous fiscal.
  • An MoU was signed between the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) to strengthen standardisation and conformity assessment.
  • The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) and Kenya Revenue Authority signed an MoU for the exchange of pre-arrival customs information to streamline customs procedures.
  • The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the India Kenya Chamber of Commerce and Industry signed an agreement to promote trade, investment, and industrial collaboration.
  • Both nations explored trade settlement in local currencies through Special Rupee Vostro Accounts (SRVAs) and a Local Currency Settlement mechanism.
  • India provided support for Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway through rolling stock supply, project management, and feasibility studies.
  • Kenya indicated its intention to sign the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Framework Agreement.
  • Digital cooperation discussions focused on Bharat Connect and UPI-like payment systems to enhance financial inclusion.
  • India offered training under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme in education, earth sciences, healthcare, and mining.
  • Student mobility was discussed under the Study in India initiative.
India urges WTO ministerial for time-bound tech-transfer roadmap to aid developing nations (Start of March) ▼
  • India submitted a draft ministerial declaration asking developed members to facilitate transfer of advanced environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) to developing and least-developed countries (LDCs).
  • The declaration cites export controls on inputs such as semiconductor chips and rare earth minerals and rigid intellectual-property regimes as persistent barriers to technology access.
  • India requested developed countries to share regional and sector-specific technology needs, experiences, challenges and best practices to cut high access costs and domestic capacity constraints.
  • New Delhi proposed a detailed review of technology-transfer provisions in WTO agreements covering TRIPS, agriculture, technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
  • The text seeks operationalisation of existing TRIPS flexibilities for technology transfer and a time-bound roadmap to be adopted at the forthcoming WTO ministerial meeting later this month.
World Trade Organization (WTO) Members Negotiate Extension of E-commerce Tariff Moratorium in Cameroon (End of March) ▼
  • The World Trade Organization (WTO) is holding a ministerial meeting in Yaounde, Cameroon, to discuss the extension of the global moratorium on e-commerce tariffs.
  • The moratorium, which prohibits customs duties on electronic transmissions such as digital downloads and streaming, is due to expire this month.
  • India signalled a potential shift in its position by suggesting a two-year prolongation of the e-commerce moratorium.
  • The United States (US) Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated that Washington seeks a permanent extension of the ban rather than a temporary one.
  • The e-commerce moratorium has been maintained through temporary extensions for nearly 30 years to provide regulatory predictability for global businesses.
  • India reiterated its opposition to incorporating plurilateral agreements into the WTO rulebook, citing concerns over the erosion of the organisation's foundational principles.
  • A group of 66 WTO members agreed to implement a separate baseline on digital trade rules among consenting participants, bypassing traditional adoption hurdles.
  • The European Union (EU) Commissioner for Trade and US officials highlighted that bilateral and plurilateral deals are essential for reforming the WTO system.

India postpones first International Big Cat Alliance Summit in New Delhi

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has postponed the first International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Summit, which was originally scheduled for 1 June 2026 in New Delhi.
  • The summit was being organised in conjunction with the Fourth India–Africa Forum Summit (IAFS IV), which has also been deferred following consultations with the African Union (AU) and the African Union Commission.
  • A key expected outcome of the summit is the adoption of the Delhi Declaration on Big Cat Conservation, a unified global commitment to strengthen transboundary cooperation and landscape-based conservation.
  • The IBCA was established by the Government of India in 2024 through the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) to conserve seven species: tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs, jaguars, and pumas.
  • Membership of the alliance is open to all United Nations (UN) member states, including range countries harbouring these species and non-range countries interested in supporting big cat conservation.

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Union Environment Minister inaugurates Lion Species Spotlight Programme at Gir National Park (Mid of May) ▼
  • Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav inaugurated the Lion Species Spotlight Programme at Gir National Park in Gujarat as a pre-summit event for the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Summit 2026.
  • India is scheduled to host the first-ever IBCA Summit in New Delhi on June 1 and 2, 2026, under the theme Save Big Cats, Save Humanity, Save Ecosystem.
  • The IBCA serves as a global coalition for the conservation of seven iconic big cat species: lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, jaguar, and puma.
  • The Asiatic lion population in the Greater Gir Landscape has reached an estimated 891 individuals in 2025, representing a 32 per cent increase compared to 2020.
  • Asiatic lions receive the highest legal protection under Appendix-I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
India and African Union (AU) postpone Fourth India-Africa Forum Summit scheduled for May 28-31 (End of May) ▼
  • India and the African Union (AU) decided to postpone the Fourth India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS IV).
  • The IAFS IV was originally scheduled to take place in New Delhi from May 28 to 31.
  • The summit was deferred due to the evolving public health situation in parts of Africa linked to the Ebola scare.
  • India expressed its readiness to contribute to efforts led by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to address the health situation.
  • Over 30 heads of state and governments had confirmed their presence at the summit.
Saudi Arabia Joins India-led International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) as 26th Member (Mid of May) ▼
  • Saudi Arabia is set to join the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) as its 26th member country.
  • The IBCA was launched by India to promote coordinated global action for protecting major big cat species and their habitats.
  • The alliance aims to protect seven major big cat species: Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, and Puma.
  • As of May 2026, the alliance includes 25 member countries, including India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Russia, Kenya, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka, and five observer nations: Kazakhstan, Namibia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Ecuador.
  • India's conservation efforts include Project Tiger and programmes for Tigers, Asiatic lions, Leopards, Snow leopards, and Cheetah reintroduction.
India to host first International Big Cat Alliance Summit in New Delhi on June 1 and 2 (Start of May) ▼
  • India will host the inaugural summit of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) in New Delhi on June 1 and 2.
  • The summit is themed “Save Big Cats, Save Humanity, Save Ecosystem”.
  • Launched in 2023 under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the IBCA focuses on seven big cat species: lions, tigers, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs, jaguars, and pumas.
  • The summit will result in the adoption of the “Delhi Declaration”, which is expected to be the first global framework dedicated exclusively to big cat conservation.
  • The event will involve participation from Heads of State, government representatives, more than 400 experts, and officials from 95 big cat range countries.

India and Norway sign 12 agreements during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Norway in May 2026

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Oslo was the first by an Indian prime minister to Norway in 43 years.
  • King Harald V conferred Norway's highest civilian honour, the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, on PM Modi.
  • The Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) target is set at USD 100 billion in investments and one million jobs over 15 years.
  • India aims to increase the share of Norwegian ships built in India from 10% to 25% within the next five years.
  • Bilateral ties were elevated to a Green Strategic Partnership focusing on climate action, green industries, and the circular economy.
  • Norway joined the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative to support a free, open, peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific.
  • India confirmed participation in Nor Shipping 2027 with an India pavilion to deepen cooperation in the blue economy, shipbuilding, green shipping, and port infrastructure.
  • An agreement was signed for cooperation in the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space.
  • The India-Norway Digital Development Partnership was launched to cooperate on digital public goods and infrastructure, supporting the Digital India Mission and Global South countries.
  • A healthcare cooperation pact was signed to establish institutional cooperation through a Joint Working Group.
  • An agreement was signed for specialised consultancy services related to tunnels, slope stability, and capacity building for roads and highways.
  • A technology cooperation agreement was signed to promote joint research in clean energy, climate action, healthcare, and the blue economy.
  • The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and SINTEF signed a collaboration agreement on sustainable development projects including bio-based materials, ocean energy, and carbon capture.
  • A project-specific implementation agreement for the Ocean Energy Program was finalised, focusing on offshore wind and wave energy technologies.
  • A green shift science and innovation agreement was signed to promote the mobility of students, researchers, and faculty.
  • The CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI) and Emerald Geomodelling AS signed a collaboration agreement on geoscience and infrastructure planning.

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India and Sweden Upgrade Bilateral Ties to Strategic Partnership (End of May) ▼
  • India and Sweden have upgraded their bilateral ties to a Strategic Partnership.
  • The two nations launched the Joint Innovation Partnership 2.0 and the India-Sweden Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Corridor.
  • India and Sweden have set an ambitious goal to double their bilateral trade in the next five years.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with the Royal Order of the Polar Star, Degree Commander Grand Cross.
  • The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) was highlighted as a connectivity project adding value to the India-Europe business partnership.
  • Collaboration areas identified include telecom and digital infrastructure, electronics, deep tech manufacturing, AI, green energy, infrastructure, mobility, urban transformation, healthcare, and life science.
  • Swedish companies were invited to participate in the Make in India initiative, the National Green Hydrogen Mission, and the National Critical Mineral Mission.
India and Norway elevate ties to Green Strategic Partnership, sign pacts on space, health, and digital development on May 18, 2026 (Mid of May) ▼
  • India and Norway elevated bilateral ties to a 'Green Strategic Partnership' after Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre in Oslo on May 18, 2026, focusing on clean energy, climate resilience, Blue Economy, and Green Shipping.
  • An MoU was signed between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Norwegian Space Agency to enhance cooperation in the space sector.
  • The two nations concluded a Triangular Development Cooperation Agreement to use India's Digital Public Infrastructure projects for human development in countries of the Global South.
  • Prime Minister Modi was conferred the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit by King Harald V and Queen Sonja of Norway.
  • This was the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Norway in over 40 years; the last such visit was by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1983.
India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertakes European tour visiting Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and Italy (End of May) ▼
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi met King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima at the Huis ten Bosch Palace in the Netherlands.
  • Bilateral trade between India and the Netherlands was valued at USD 27.8 billion in 2024-25, according to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).
  • The 16th European Union (EU)-India summit held in January resulted in the completion of negotiations for a free trade agreement to reduce tariffs and red tape.
  • The third India-Nordic summit in Oslo involves cooperation between India and Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland on technology, renewable energies, defence, space, and the Arctic region.
  • India and Italy committed to a Joint Strategic Action Plan in 2024 to enhance cooperation in security, defence, and safe and legal migration channels.
Narendra Modi Conferred Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Mid of May) ▼
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit by King Harald V in Oslo.
  • The award is Norway's highest honour for foreign Heads of Government and is the 32nd international honour received by the Indian Prime Minister.
  • The Royal Norwegian Order of Merit was established by King Olav V in 1985 and features the Cross of St. Olav with the monogram of King Olav V.
  • Sweden conferred the Royal Order of the Polar Star, Commander Grand Cross, the nation's highest honour for foreign heads of government, upon the Indian Prime Minister.
  • India and Norway agreed to elevate bilateral ties to a Green Strategic Partnership to strengthen cooperation in clean energy, blue economy, green transition, renewable energy, trade and investment, artificial intelligence, science and technology, education, space, and Arctic cooperation.

Nibe Limited conducts successful technical trials of indigenous Vayu Astra-1 loitering munition for Indian Army on 21 May 2026

Key Updates:

  • Nibe Limited successfully completed technical trials of the indigenous Vayu Astra-1 loitering munition system designed for precision strikes.
  • The trials for the munition system were conducted at Pokhran in Rajasthan and Joshimath in Uttarakhand.
  • The Vayu Astra-1 demonstrated a strike range of 100 kilometres and high-altitude endurance flying at elevations above 14,000 feet.
  • The system features high-precision targeting, night strike capability, and control transfer functions for modern battlefield operations.
  • The loitering munition showcased advanced operational capabilities including abort and re-attack functions along with a reusable recovery capability.

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NIBE Limited tests Suryastra rockets with 300 km range off Odisha on May 18 and 19, 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • NIBE Limited (NIBE) successfully conducted firing demonstrations of EXTRA (150 km range) and Predator Hawk (300 km range) "Suryastra" rockets.
  • The trials were carried out on May 18 and 19, 2026, at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha.
  • The rockets achieved a circular error probable (CEP) of 1.5 m and 2 m respectively, validating long-range precision strike capabilities.
  • The Indian Army issued a purchase order in January for the supply of Suryastra rockets and the universal rocket launcher under emergency procurement.
  • Suryastra is India's first indigenous, universal multi-calibre rocket launcher system featuring a modular launcher and shoot-and-scoot capabilities on an all-terrain tactical truck chassis.
Indian Army receives indigenous kamikaze drones and precision munitions on May 12, 2026 (Mid of May) ▼
  • The Indian Army received the UAV-Launched Precision Guided Munition (ULPGM) and AGNIKAA VTOL-1 First-Person View (FPV) Kamikaze Drone under emergency procurement (EP-6).
  • Both combat systems were designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in collaboration with Adani Defence & Aerospace.
  • The ULPGM is a loitering munition featuring a 2-kg warhead and a 1-metre circular error probable (CEP) accuracy for destroying soft and hard targets.
  • The AGNIKAA VTOL-1 drone has an endurance of 30 minutes, a speed of 60 km/h, and the capability to operate in GPS-denied and electronic warfare environments.
  • Adani Defence & Aerospace handed over these indigenous systems to the Western Command of the Indian Army after successful high-altitude and electronic warfare trials.
India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) completes trials of ULPGM-V3 missile on 20 May 2026 (End of May) ▼
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed final development trials of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3 in air-to-ground and air-to-air modes.
  • The trials were conducted at the DRDO test range near Kurnool using an integrated Ground Control System (GCS).
  • The ULPGM-V3 is designed for anti-tank operations in air-to-ground mode and for targeting drones, helicopters, and other airborne targets in air-to-air mode.
  • The missile system was integrated with unmanned aerial vehicles developed by NewSpace Research and Technologies, based in Bengaluru.
  • The missile was developed by the Research Centre Imarat as the nodal laboratory, in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory.
  • DRDO partnered with Bharat Dynamics Limited and Adani Defence & Aerospace for production and manufacturing.
Indian Air Force conducts Exercise Vayu Shakti 2026 at Pokhran Field Firing Range (Start of March) ▼
  • Exercise Vayu Shakti 2026 was held at the Pokhran Field Firing Range with President Droupadi Murmu as Chief Guest.
  • The theme of the exercise was 'From Inception to Execution'.
  • A total of 77 aircraft including Rafale, Su-30MKI, MiG-29, Mirage 2000, Jaguar, C-17, C-130J, IL-76, IL-78, AN-32 and Embraer participated.
  • Indigenous systems Akash and SPYDER air defence systems successfully neutralised simulated aerial threats.
  • Chinook helicopters airlifted M-777 Ultra-Light Howitzers in underslung mode for the first time.
  • Approximately 120 tonnes of ordnance were delivered over a two-square-kilometre area in three hours.
  • A first-ever drone show depicted India’s map, Air Force formations, 1965 Sargodha strike, Kargil’s Tiger Hill bombing, Balakot air strike and Operation Sindoor.

World Turtle Day 2026 Observed to Protect Turtles and Tortoises

Key Updates:

  • World Turtle Day is celebrated annually on May 23 to educate people about turtles and tortoises and inspire actions to protect them.
  • The observance was established in 2000 by the American Tortoise Rescue.
  • The theme for World Turtle Day 2026 is the Turtle Protector Pledge.
  • Sea turtle species include the Green sea turtle, Leatherback turtle, Hawksbill turtle, Loggerhead turtle, and Olive ridley turtle.
  • Leatherback turtles are the largest sea turtles in the world.

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India's First Satellite-Tagged Ganges Softshell Turtle Released in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) (Mid of May) ▼
  • India's first satellite-tagged endangered Ganges softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) was released at the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) in Assam.
  • The release of the turtle was announced on the occasion of Endangered Species Day.
  • The Ganges softshell turtle is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act and is classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
  • Assam is home to 21 species of turtles, and five of the eight softshell turtle species reported in India are found in KNPTR.
  • The satellite-tagging initiative, involving the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), aims to study seasonal movement patterns, home range, and critical habitats in the Brahmaputra river basin.
India's First Satellite-Tagged Ganges Softshell Turtle Released in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) (Mid of May) ▼
  • India's first satellite-tagged endangered Ganges softshell turtle was released at the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) in Assam to mark Endangered Species Day.
  • The Ganges softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act and is classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
  • The species is characterised by distinct arrowhead-shaped markings on the top of its head.
  • Assam is home to 21 species of turtles, and five of the eight softshell turtle species reported in India are found in KNPTR.
  • The satellite-tagging initiative by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) aims to study seasonal movement patterns, home range, and critical nesting and breeding sites in the Brahmaputra river basin.
World Tuna Day observed on 2 May 2026 with theme 'Advocating for Tuna Conservation' (Start of May) ▼
  • World Tuna Day is observed globally on 2 May 2026.
  • The theme for World Tuna Day 2026 is 'Advocating for Tuna Conservation'.
  • The United Nations (UN) officially recognised World Tuna Day in 2016.
  • The first global observance of World Tuna Day took place in 2017.
  • Pacific island nations, particularly members of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement, played an important role in pushing global recognition of the day.
Wildlife Management Authority conserves 19,858 Olive Ridley turtle eggs on Hope Island, Kakinada Bay (End of March) ▼
  • Wildlife Management Authority and Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary officials collected 19,858 Olive Ridley turtle eggs from 174 nests on Hope Island in the Kakinada Bay.
  • The eggs are being conserved under the in-situ conservation method on the island.
  • Kakinada District Forest Officer N. Rama Chandra Rao stated that the hatchlings are being released into the sea.
  • On 26 March 2026, Joint Collector Apoorva Bharat and Kakinada Assistant Collector Ms. Manisha released 585 Olive Ridley turtle hatchlings into the sea on the island.
  • Hope Island is identified as one of the safe nesting grounds of Olive Ridley Turtles in Andhra Pradesh.

Chandrayaan-3 receives 2026 Goddard Astronautics Award

Key Updates:

  • The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) presented the 2026 Goddard Astronautics Award to India's Chandrayaan-3 mission in Washington DC on May 21.
  • Chandrayaan-3 became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing near the Moon's south pole on August 23, 2023.
  • The mission confirmed the presence of key chemical elements in the lunar south polar soil and provided data to support future human missions to the Moon.
  • India's Ambassador to the United States, Vinay Kwatra, accepted the award on behalf of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at the AIAA ASCEND 2026 Conference.
  • The Goddard Astronautics Award is the highest honour bestowed by the AIAA for notable achievements in astronautics and was established in its current form in 1975.

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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Team Visits Japan for Chandrayaan-5 Launch Site Assessment (Start of May) ▼
  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) team visited Japan to evaluate launch site preparations for the 2028 Chandrayaan-5 mission.
  • The visit aimed at assessing launch facility preparations, technical compatibility, and joint mission planning between ISRO and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
  • ISRO and JAXA have increased cooperation in satellite technology, earth observations, and lunar exploration.
  • Deliberations included evaluation of launch mechanism, safety considerations, and environmental conditions for deep space missions.
  • Chandrayaan-5 is expected to be equipped with advanced devices, conduct extensive lunar research, and improve landing systems.
India and Italy Strengthen Space Cooperation at Space Meetings Veneto 2026 (Mid of May) ▼
  • The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) led a delegation of nine space-tech companies to the Space Meetings Veneto 2026 held in Venice, Italy.
  • The participating Indian companies included Astrogate Labs, Astrobase Space Technologies, VyomIC, Suhora, Kepler Aerospace, Hyspace Technologies, TakeMe2Space, Jarbits Pvt Ltd, and Dhruva Space.
  • Karnataka-based Astrobase Space Technologies signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Italy’s Impulso Space to explore launch opportunities and integrated mission management.
  • Kepler Aerospace signed a framework agreement with Apogeo Space to expand Ground Station as a Service (GSaaS) infrastructure and collaborate on CubeSat systems and payload technologies.
  • The engagement is part of the 2025–2029 India–Italy Joint Strategic Action Plan announced during the G20 Summit in 2024 to deepen commercial space cooperation.
National Technology Day observed on May 11 (Mid of May) ▼
  • National Technology Day is observed every year on May 11 to commemorate the successful Pokhran-II nuclear tests of May 11, 1998.
  • The 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, developed by BHAVINI under the Department of Atomic Energy, reached first criticality in April 2026, making India the second country after Russia to have a commercial-scale fast breeder reactor.
  • India became the fourth nation to achieve a soft landing on the Moon and the first to do so near the lunar south pole through the Chandrayaan-3 mission in July 2023.
  • Aditya-L1, India's first dedicated solar observatory, was launched in September 2023 and reached its halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point in January 2024.
  • The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, launched in July 2025, employs dual L-band and S-band radar to monitor Earth's surface changes.
  • The Gaganyaan mission, expected in the first quarter of 2027, aims to send three astronauts (vyomnauts) into low Earth orbit at approximately 400 km for up to three days.
  • The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is an indigenous fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter with a prototype rollout targeted for late 2026–2027 and a first flight scheduled for 2028.
Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2026 nominations open from 28 March to 11 May 2026 (End of March) ▼
  • Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2026 nominations opened on 28 March 2026 and will close on 11 May 2026.
  • Nominations, including self-nominations, are submitted online through the Ministry of Home Affairs Awards Portal (https://awards.gov.in).
  • RVP is administered by the RVP Secretariat, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), under the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India (GOI).
  • The awards cover 14 domains: Agricultural Science, Atomic Energy, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Defence Technology, Earth Science, Engineering Sciences, Environmental Science, Mathematics & Computer Science, Medicine, Physics, Space Science and Technology, Technology & Innovation, and Others.
  • Four award categories are Vigyan Ratna (VR) for lifetime achievements, Vigyan Shri (VS) for distinguished contributions, Vigyan Yuva-Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (VY-SSB) for scientists up to 45 years, and Vigyan Team (VT) for collaborative teams of three or more researchers.
  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology, Dr. Jitendra Singh, urged institutions and individuals to nominate deserving candidates.

New Worm-Eating Snake Species Trachischium lalremsangai Discovered in Mizoram and Myanmar

Key Updates:

  • A new species of worm-eating snake, Trachischium lalremsangai, has been discovered in the jungles of Mizoram and Myanmar.
  • The species was described in the Herpetozoa journal of the Austrian Herpetological Society by scientists from Mizoram University and the Max Planck Institute for Biology.
  • The snake is named after Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, a professor of Zoology at Mizoram University.
  • Specimens of the snake were identified from Murlen National Park in Mizoram and Haka Township in the Chin State of Myanmar.
  • The discovery is located within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, which covers 2.4 million square kilometres across India, Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

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New Species of Burrowing Reed Snake Discovered in Meghalaya (Mid of April) ▼
  • A new species of burrowing reed snake, named Calamaria garoensis (Garo Hills reed snake), has been described from the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya.
  • The species was previously identified as Calamaria pavimentata before its identification as a distinct species.
  • The reed snake was collected during field surveys in Oragitok, an area characterised by rich forested habitats.
  • The description of the species was published in the international peer-reviewed journal Taprobanica.
Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovers two new spider species in northeast India (Mid of May) ▼
  • The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovered two new spider species in northeast India.
  • ZSI carried out a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Indian whip scorpions.
  • The taxonomic revision of Indian whip scorpions is the first of its kind in over a century.
  • The research findings were published in the international journal Zootaxa.
  • The study highlights northeast India as a hotspot for rare and lesser-known species.
Clodomiro Picado Institute (ICP) launches free app to identify Costa Rica’s 25 venomous snakes instantly (Start of April) ▼
  • The Clodomiro Picado Institute (ICP) developed a free mobile app that covers 25 venomous snake species found in Costa Rica.
  • The app includes visual and written data enabling users to compare encountered snakes with documented species.
  • Users can access first-aid instructions for snake bites and record the geographical location of an incident to assist medical personnel.
  • The app also profiles about twelve non-venomous snakes that are commonly confused with venomous ones.
  • It is available at no cost on both Android and iOS platforms.
Wildlife Institute of India records two rare keelback snake species in Northeast India (End of March) ▼
  • Wildlife Institute of India researchers documented Hebius gilhodesi and Herpetoreas davidi in India for the first time.
  • Herpetoreas davidi was recorded in Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram.
  • Hebius gilhodesi was found in Namdapha National Park and Kamlang Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh.
  • The study extended the known range of H. gilhodesi by ~107 km and H. davidi by ~577 km.
  • Findings were published in the Journal of Threatened Taxa based on mitochondrial DNA analysis and morphological examination.

Vijay Shankar announces retirement from domestic cricket and IPL

Key Updates:

  • Indian all-rounder Vijay Shankar announced his retirement from domestic cricket and the Indian Premier League (IPL) at the age of 35 to pursue new opportunities.
  • Shankar represented India in 12 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and nine T20 Internationals (T20Is) between 2018 and 2019, including a stint in the 2019 ODI World Cup.
  • He expressed gratitude to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and cited bowling the final over in India's 500th ODI at Nagpur as a career highlight.
  • During his career, he played for four IPL franchises: Chennai Super Kings (CSK), Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH), Delhi Capitals (DC), and Gujarat Titans (GT).
  • His professional record includes 77 First-Class matches with 4,253 runs and 13 centuries, 112 List A games with 2,790 runs, and 159 T20 matches since 2012.

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Royal Challengers Bengaluru hosts Sunrisers Hyderabad to open IPL 2026 (Mid of March) ▼
  • The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the first phase of the 19th edition of the Indian Premier League (IPL) to be held from 28 March to 12 April 2026.
  • Defending champions Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) will face Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH) in the opening match at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru.
  • The first phase of the tournament will feature 20 matches across 10 venues: Bengaluru, Mumbai, Guwahati, New Chandigarh, Lucknow, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, and Hyderabad.
  • Gujarat Titans (GT) appointed former India wicketkeeper-batter Vijay Dahiya as Assistant Coach for the upcoming IPL 2026 season.
  • Vijay Dahiya represented India in 19 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and two Tests and previously coached Delhi to the Ranji Trophy title in the 2007-08 season.
  • GT, who won the IPL title in their inaugural 2022 campaign, also recently appointed former Australia player Matthew Hayden as Batting Coach.
  • The tournament schedule includes four double-headers, with afternoon matches starting at 03:30 PM IST and evening matches at 07:30 PM IST.
Mohan Singh Dies Former Indian Footballer (Start of May) ▼
  • Former Indian football midfielder Mohan Singh died on May 7 at the age of 78, with the All India Football Federation (AIFF) paying tribute to his contributions.
  • He made his senior national team debut against Burma in Rangoon during the 1972 Pre-Olympic Tournament and earned three international caps.
  • He represented Bengal in the 1972 Santosh Trophy, where he scored twice and helped the team win the title.
  • During his spells with East Bengal in 1972 and 1975, he won the Calcutta Football League, IFA Shield, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, and Bordoloi Trophy.
  • He played for Mohun Bagan in 1973 and 1974, winning the Durand Cup in 1974, and represented Mohammedan Sporting Club in 1976.
Sarfaraz Ahmed retires from international cricket after 100-match captaincy stint (Mid of March) ▼
  • Sarfaraz Ahmed announced retirement from international cricket on Sunday after captaining Pakistan in 100 international matches across formats.
  • He led Pakistan to the ICC Champions Trophy title in 2017 by defeating India in the final.
  • Sarfaraz captained Pakistan to 11 consecutive T20 series victories including clean sweeps against West Indies, Sri Lanka, Australia, New Zealand and Scotland.
  • He scored 6,164 runs across formats with six centuries and 35 half-centuries in 54 Tests, 117 ODIs and 61 T20Is.
  • As wicketkeeper he took 315 catches and effected 56 stumpings, and holds Pakistan record of 10 catches in a Test match against South Africa at Johannesburg in 2019.
  • He is the only Pakistan wicketkeeper-batter to score an ODI century at Lord’s, achieved against England in 2016.
  • His last international appearance was against Australia in a Test match at Perth in 2023.
Vijay Kumar passes away as veteran Indian golfer (Start of May) ▼
  • Veteran Indian golfer Vijay Kumar passed away at the age of 57 in Lucknow due to a heart attack.
  • He won the Indian Open in 2002.
  • He was a four-time Order of Merit champion.
  • He is one of only nine Indian golfers to have won the Indian Open.
  • He turned professional in 1988.
  • He represented India at the Alfred Dunhill Cup 1999 played at St. Andrews in Scotland.

Coal mine blast in Shanxi, China on May 22, 2026

Key Updates:

  • A gas explosion occurred at the Liushenyu coal mine in Qinyuan County, Changzhi city, located in the Shanxi province of China.
  • At least 90 people were killed, and 201 out of 247 workers who were underground were rescued.
  • Chinese President Xi Jinping called for an all-out rescue effort and an investigation to hold those responsible accountable.
  • Shanxi province is the primary coal mining province in China, producing 1.3 billion tons (1.17 billion metric tons) of coal last year, accounting for nearly one-third of the country's total.
  • Executives of the company responsible for the Liushenyu coal mine have been detained following the incident.

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Boiler blast at Vedanta power plant in Chhattisgarh (Mid of April) ▼
  • Ten workers were killed and 23 injured in a boiler explosion at Vedanta Limited power plant in Sakti district, Chhattisgarh.
  • The explosion occurred in the afternoon and three victims died on the spot while others succumbed in hospital.
  • Injured workers were admitted to hospitals in neighbouring Raigarh district.
  • The boiler unit is operated and maintained by NGSL (NTPC GE Power Services Limited), a subcontractor of Vedanta.
  • Sakti Collector Amirt Topno confirmed the updated toll and Sakti Superintendent of Police Prafull Thakur reported preliminary figures of nine dead and 15 injured.
  • Chhattisgarh chief minister expressed condolences and stated that strict actions will be taken against responsible entities after investigation.
Indian Army completes Operation HimSetu evacuating over 1,400 stranded in North Sikkim (Mid of April) ▼
  • Operation HimSetu evacuated 1,321 tourists and 84 local residents within 48 hours after a landslide-induced bridge collapse near Tarum Chu cut road links to Lachen.
  • The Trishakti Corps under the Army’s Eastern Command led the evacuation amid heavy snowfall near the India-China border.
  • A foot bridge installed by the Army at the collapse site enabled stranded persons to cross on foot before transport to Gangtok.
  • Reception centres provided food, shelter and medical care; Army vehicles towed civilian vehicles across difficult terrain.
  • The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) coordinated with the Army and civil administration for road clearance and snow removal.
United Nations marks International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action on 4 April 2026 (Start of April) ▼
  • The International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action is observed globally on 4 April 2026.
  • The 2026 theme is 'Invest in Peace, Invest in Mine Action'.
  • The United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS), Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), Fondation Suisse de Déminage (FSD), Handicap International Switzerland, and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Cluster Munition Coalition (ICBL-CMC) jointly issued the call to action.
  • The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention prohibits weapons that cause indiscriminate and irreversible harm.
  • The Convention on Cluster Munitions bans munitions whose unexploded remnants continue to claim lives long after conflict ends.
  • The Political Declaration on Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas (EWIPA) focuses on the impact of explosive weapons in urban settings.
  • More than 30 States have declared themselves mine-free as a result of sustained mine action efforts.
Ministry of Coal (MoC) achieves 1 billion tonne coal production for second consecutive year (End of March) ▼
  • India achieved the landmark of 1 billion tonne (BT) coal production on 20 March 2026.
  • This achievement marks the second consecutive year that the country has reached the 1 BT coal production milestone.
  • The Ministry of Coal (MoC) reported that the sustained output has supported the power sector in maintaining record coal inventories at thermal plants.
  • The production milestone aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 to enhance domestic production capabilities and drive sustainable economic development.
  • The landmark was achieved despite heightened uncertainties in global energy markets resulting from the West Asia crisis.

World Cities Report 2026 released on May 20, 2026

Key Updates:

  • The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) released the World Cities Report 2026 during the World Urban Forum (WUF13) held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
  • Anacláudia Rossbach serves as the Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).
  • The report identifies that 40% of the global population, approximately 3.4 billion people, are affected by a housing crisis involving affordability, shortages, and poor quality.
  • In India, the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) programme has expanded subsidised housing from 0.3% of households in 2010 to 7% in 2023, with 12 million houses sanctioned.
  • The report notes that the affordable housing segment in the eight largest Indian cities declined from 52% of new builds in 2018 to 17% in 2025.

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Global Agencies issue joint warning on food insecurity on April 9, 2026 (Start of April) ▼
  • The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) released a joint statement on April 9, 2026.
  • The statement highlights growing risks of food insecurity and potential surges in hunger due to escalating geopolitical tensions in West Asia.
  • The institutions noted that fertiliser prices are closely linked to natural gas prices, which directly influence global food inflation.
  • The ongoing conflict in the Middle East has triggered significant volatility in global oil and commodity prices.
  • Energy costs directly affect agricultural production, transportation, and supply chains, placing upward pressure on global food inflation.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reports 65-year peak in Earth energy imbalance (End of March) ▼
  • The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released the State of the Climate 2025 report, revealing that Earth’s energy imbalance has reached its highest level in at least 65 years.
  • Approximately 91 per cent of excess energy is absorbed by the oceans, while 5 per cent warms the land, 3 per cent melts ice, and 1 per cent heats the atmosphere.
  • Carbon dioxide levels in 2024 reached a 2-million-year high, while methane and nitrous oxide concentrations are at their highest in 800,000 years.
  • Global sea levels by the end of 2025 were 11 centimetres higher than in 1993, with the rate of rise increasing from 2.65 mm per year (1993-2011) to 4.75 mm per year (2012-2025).
  • The global mean temperature in 2025 was approximately 1.43°C above the pre-industrial baseline of 1850-1900, while 2024 remains the warmest on record at 1.55°C above the baseline.
  • Ocean surface pH levels have declined to their lowest in at least 26,000 years, with significant acidification observed in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and parts of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
  • Around 1.2 billion people, representing more than one-third of the global workforce, are exposed to extreme heat annually, particularly in the agriculture and construction sectors.
  • The report indicates that rising emissions threaten United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 11, SDG 14, and SDG 15.

Sandeep Bakhshi reappointed CEO of ICICI Bank

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved the reappointment of Sandeep Bakhshi as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of ICICI Bank.
  • The reappointment is for a further period of two years, extending his term until October 3, 2028.
  • The reappointment is effective from October 4.
  • ICICI Bank is India's second-largest private lender by market capitalisation.
  • Sandeep Bakhshi has led the bank since 2018.

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Rajneesh Karnatak, Debadatta Chand and Ashutosh Choudhury granted tenure extensions as Bank CEOs and Executive Director (End of April) ▼
  • The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved the tenure extensions via an official order dated April 22.
  • Rajneesh Karnatak received a three-year extension as Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Bank of India (BoI) beyond August 28, 2026.
  • Debadatta Chand received a three-year extension as MD and CEO of Bank of Baroda (BoB) beyond June 30, 2026.
  • Ashutosh Choudhury received a three-year extension as Executive Director at Indian Bank beyond May 2, 2026.
  • The approvals were cleared following proposals from the Department of Financial Services under the Ministry of Finance.
Rajneesh Karnatak, Debadatta Chand and Ashutosh Choudhary extended as Bank Executives (End of April) ▼
  • Rajneesh Karnatak, Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Bank of India (BoI), has had his tenure extended for three years effective April 29, 2026.
  • Karnatak was appointed as MD and CEO of BoI in 2023 for a term of three years.
  • Debadatta Chand, MD and CEO of Bank of Baroda (BoB), has had his tenure extended for three years effective July 1, 2026.
  • The extension for Chand was approved by the Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), which is headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
  • Ashutosh Choudhary has had his term as Executive Director of Indian Bank extended for another three years.
  • The term of Ashwani Kumar, MD and CEO of UCO Bank, ends on June 1, 2026.
Shashi Shekhar Vempati Appointed Chairperson of Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) (Start of May) ▼
  • The Government of India notified the appointment of Shashi Shekhar Vempati as the chairperson of the CBFC for a three-year term effective from the date of joining.
  • Shashi Shekhar Vempati is an alumnus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and a co-founder of AI4India Org, an organisation working to democratise artificial intelligence technology.
  • Prasoon Joshi, who served as the CBFC chairperson for over eight years, has been appointed as the chairman of Prasar Bharati.
  • The CBFC functions as a statutory body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to regulate the public exhibition of films under the Cinematograph Act, 1952.
  • The organisation is headquartered in Mumbai and maintains nine regional offices in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Cuttack, and Guwahati.

Soumya Swaminathan and Manindra Agrawal Elected as Fellows of the Royal Society (FRS)

Key Updates:

  • Dr Soumya Swaminathan and Professor Manindra Agrawal have been elected as fellows of the FRS in the 2026 cohort for their landmark contributions to science.
  • Dr Soumya Swaminathan, a paediatrician and former Chief Scientist at the World Health Organisation (WHO), is the second Indian woman to be elected as a fellow in the 400-year history of the academy.
  • Professor Manindra Agrawal, the Director of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, developed the AKS primality test and has received the Infosys Prize, the Gödel Prize, and the Padma Shri in 2013.
  • Adaseer Cursetjee Wadia was the first Indian elected to the society in 1841, followed by Srinivasa Ramanujan in 1918 and CV Raman in 1924, who later resigned from the fellowship in 1968.
  • Gagandeep Kang became the first Indian woman elected as a fellow in 2019, while Dr Swaminathan previously served as the Director-General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

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S. Nambi Narayanan and others to receive honorary doctorate from Bagalkot University (End of April) ▼
  • Bagalkot University will confer honorary doctorate (honoris causa) degrees on three individuals.
  • The recipients are space scientist S. Nambi Narayanan, Sri Gurumahanth Swami of Chittaragi Shri Vijaya Mahantesha Samsthana Math, Ilkal, and tech-entrepreneur and philanthropist Mahesh Bellad.
  • The degrees will be presented during the first convocation of Bagalkot University.
  • The ceremony will be held at Darbar Hall on the BLDE Association campus in Jamkhandi, Bagalkot district.
Manindra Agrawal Elected Fellow of the Royal Society (End of May) ▼
  • Manindra Agrawal, Director of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
  • The Royal Society is the national academy of sciences of the United Kingdom, founded in 1660.
  • Agrawal was recognised for his contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically the development of the AKS primality test in 2002 along with Neeraj Kayal and Nitin Saxena.
  • The AKS primality test is the first unconditional deterministic polynomial-time algorithm capable of proving whether a number is prime.
  • Agrawal has previously received the Gödel Prize and the Fulkerson Prize for his research.
  • Other Indian and Indian-origin Fellows of the Royal Society include Ardaseer Cursetjee (first in 1841), Srinivasa Ramanujan, C. V. Raman, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Homi J. Bhabha, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
Dr Gopalrao Patil passes away as former Rajya Sabha member (End of April) ▼
  • Dr Gopalrao Patil, a former Rajya Sabha member and paediatrician, passed away at the age of 94 in Latur, Maharashtra.
  • He served as a member of the Rajya Sabha representing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) between 1994 and 2000.
  • He contributed to parliamentary committees on commerce, external affairs, and railways.
  • He founded the Shiv Chhatrapati Shikshan Sanstha, which runs Rajarshi Shahu College in Latur.
  • He served as the first president of a branch of the Indian Pediatric Association.
  • He pursued his medical education from Osmania University in Hyderabad.
N Chandrasekaran conferred honorary knighthood by UK (End of March) ▼
  • N Chandrasekaran, Chairman of Tata Group, was awarded the honorary knighthood of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) by the British government.
  • The honour was conferred at a ceremony held at the residence of British High Commissioner Lindy Cameron, who presented it on behalf of King Charles III.
  • Tata Group operates 19 subsidiaries in the UK across automotive, steel, technology, and consumer goods sectors and employs over 70,000 people there.
  • Chandrasekaran credited the honour to his colleagues and highlighted Tata Group’s investments in JLR’s all-electric transition, advanced manufacturing, green steel, and innovation initiatives.