📰 Daily Briefing Saturday, Apr 04

Daily Current Affairs: 4 April 2026

Analysis for 04 April 2026

Nitish Kumar to take oath as Rajya Sabha member on April 10.

Key Updates:

  • Nitish Kumar is set to take oath as a Rajya Sabha member on April 10.
  • Senior National Democratic Alliance (NDA) leaders are expected to attend the oath-taking ceremony.
  • Kumar will meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Union home minister Amit Shah during his Delhi visit.
  • After the oath, Kumar will return to Patna and hold a meeting with Janata Dal (United) (JDU) leaders.
  • Kumar is likely to resign as Bihar chief minister on April 13.
  • He is expected to attend Parliament's three-day special session beginning April 16.
  • Deputy chief minister Samrat Choudhary is among the frontrunners to succeed Kumar as chief minister.
  • JDU may get the deputy chief minister's post and could also demand the Speaker's post.

Similar Coverage

Nitish Kumar resigns from Bihar Legislative Council (End of March)
  • Nitish Kumar submitted his resignation letter as Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) which was accepted by Council Chairman Awadhesh Narayan Singh.
  • He was elected to the Rajya Sabha on March 16 and filed nomination papers in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
  • Nitish Kumar has been a member of the Bihar Legislative Council since 2006 and was elected for a fourth consecutive term in May 2024.
  • Under constitutional provisions, he can remain Chief Minister of Bihar for up to six months without being a member of either House of the state legislature.
  • He has served as Chief Minister of Bihar almost continuously since 2005 and has held the post on no fewer than 10 occasions.
  • The National Democratic Alliance, led by Nitish Kumar, won 202 seats in the November 2025 Bihar elections.
No-trust motion against Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla defeated during Budget Session 2026 (Mid of March)
  • A no-confidence motion against Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla was defeated on Wednesday during the Budget Session of Parliament.
  • The motion was introduced by Congress MP Mohammad Jawed and backed by more than 50 MPs, enabling its formal discussion.
  • 118 Opposition MPs signed the motion, alleging that Om Birla displayed partisan behaviour and failed to maintain impartiality.
  • BJP MP Jagdambika Pal, presiding, allowed the motion and allotted 10 hours for debate.
  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah defended the Speaker, stating that even the Supreme Court could not judge the ruling of the Speaker.
  • Amit Shah also targeted Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, saying, "When sessions come, he plans foreign trips. So, how will he speak here from abroad?"
Om Birla faces no-confidence motion as Lok Sabha Speaker. (Mid of February)
  • Opposition moved a no-confidence motion against Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla on 10 February 2026.
  • Removal of Speaker requires a resolution passed by majority of all then members of Lok Sabha under Article 94(c).
  • Notice for removal must be in writing to Lok Sabha Secretary-General and needs at least 14 days’ notice.
  • Motion needs minimum 50 members to rise in favour for leave to be granted.
  • Previous no-confidence motions against Speakers occurred in December 1954, November 1966 and April 1987.
  • During consideration of removal, Speaker can speak and vote only in first instance, not in case of tie.
Nitish Kumar to contest Rajya Sabha elections from Bihar. (Start of March)
  • Nitish Kumar announced on March 5, 2026, that he will file nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha elections scheduled for March 16, 2026.
  • Kumar took oath as Chief Minister of Bihar for a record 10th time on November 20, 2025, following the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) victory in the 2025 Assembly elections.
  • If elected, Kumar will have served in all four legislative roles: MLA, MLC, Lok Sabha MP, and Rajya Sabha MP.
  • The Rajya Sabha elections will fill five vacancies from Bihar arising from the retirement of Harivansh Narayan Singh and Ram Nath Thakur of Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)), Prem Chand Gupta and Amarendra Dhari Singh of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), and Upendra Kushwaha of Rashtriya Lok Morcha.
  • Probable Chief Minister candidates from BJP include Deputy CMs Samrat Choudhary and Vijay Kumar Sinha, Industry Minister Dilip Jaiswal, and Digha MLA Sanjeev Chourasia.
  • JD(U) is likely to have two Deputy CMs: Vijay Kumar Choudhary and Nishant Kumar, son of Nitish Kumar.

Chanchal Kumar appointed Information and Broadcasting Secretary

Key Updates:

  • Chanchal Kumar, a 1992-batch Bihar cadre IAS officer, was appointed Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 31 March 2026.
  • Sanjay Jaju moved from Information and Broadcasting Secretary to Secretary, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region.
  • Rohit Kansal, 1995-batch AGMUT cadre, appointed Secretary, Department of Rural Development after Shailesh Kumar Singh’s superannuation.
  • Bhuvnesh Kumar, 1995-batch Uttar Pradesh cadre, appointed Secretary, Ministry of Tourism replacing Srivatsa Krishna.
  • Srivatsa Krishna appointed Secretary, Ministry of Minority Affairs replacing Chandra Sekhar Kumar.
  • Chandra Sekhar Kumar appointed CEO, National Rainfed Area Authority under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
  • Bharat Harbanslal Khera appointed Officer on Special Duty, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
  • Abhishek Singh shifted from Director-General, National Informatics Centre to Director-General, National Testing Agency under Ministry of Education.

Similar Coverage

Badhna Hai Toh Yahan Judna Hai Campaign Launched to Promote Skill India Digital Hub (End of February)
  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) Jayant Chaudhary launched the nationwide awareness campaign Badhna Hai Toh Yahan Judna Hai on 23 February 2026.
  • The campaign was introduced on the sidelines of the India AI Impact Summit 2026 to accelerate progress toward a Viksit Bharat through digital skilling.
  • Actor Amitabh Bachchan has been brought on board to strengthen awareness and participation in the Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH), India's integrated platform for skilling and employment.
  • The SIDH platform has already onboarded more than 1.5 crore registered candidates, emerging as one of the largest unified digital skilling platforms in the country.
  • The mobile-first, AI-enabled platform offers industry-aligned courses and is available in more than 21 Indian languages to ensure inclusion and ease of access.
  • Key features of SIDH include Aadhaar-based eKYC registration, OTP-enabled mobile access, QR-code-enabled personalised digital CVs, and digitally verified credentials.
  • The campaign targets a diverse user base including youth, women, professionals, entrepreneurs, and differently-abled citizens to support the vision of Lifelong Learning for Prosperity.
Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor appointed as Director General of Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) (Mid of January)
  • Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor, former Haryana Police chief, has been appointed as the Director General of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
  • He succeeds Praveen Kumar, who has become the head of the Border Security Force (BSF).
  • Kapoor, a 1990-batch IPS officer, had been relieved from the post of Haryana DGP following controversy related to the suicide of IPS officer Y Puran Kumar.
  • Kapoor will serve as ITBP chief until October 31, 2026.
PB-SHABD platform free access extended till March 2027 (Mid of March)
  • Prasar Bharati extended free access to its PB-SHABD (Shared Audio-Visuals for Broadcast and Dissemination) platform until March 2027.
  • PB-SHABD was launched in March 2024 and delivers daily news content in video, audio, text and photograph formats.
  • The platform taps Prasar Bharati’s network of over 1,500 reporters, correspondents and stringers backed by 60 round-the-clock editing desks.
  • Around 1,000 news stories are published daily, covering agriculture, technology, foreign affairs, political developments and governance updates.
  • Content is generated by Regional News Units across India and the central headquarters, and is available in all major Indian languages.
  • All material is logo-free and credit-free, allowing media organisations to use it without attribution.
  • Registered media outlets can access the service through shabd.prasarbharati.org.
Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor appointed Director General of Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) (End of January)
  • Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor, former Haryana Director General of Police, was appointed as Director General of Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
  • Praveen Kumar, a 1993-batch IPS officer of West Bengal cadre and then DG of ITBP, was appointed as Director General of Border Security Force (BSF).
  • Rakesh Aggarwal, a 1994-batch IPS officer and then Special DG of National Investigation Agency (NIA), was appointed as Director General of NIA.

Sudarsan Pattnaik appointed Brand Ambassador for Census 2027

Key Updates:

  • Sudarsan Pattnaik, Padma Shri (2014) awardee and Guinness World Record holder for the tallest sand castle (48 feet 8 inches, Puri 2017), named Brand Ambassador for Census 2027 by the Government of India (GoI).
  • Census 2027 will be the 16th Census of India and the 8th after independence, conducted under the Census Act 1948 by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI).
  • Census 2027 is the first digital census in the country and its official mascots are Pragati (female) and Vikas (male).
  • Pattnaik uses sand art for social campaigns on climate change, Covid-19 and children’s rights and has represented India in international art festivals and exhibitions.

Similar Coverage

Census 2027 digital platforms and mascots 'Pragati' and 'Vikas' unveiled (Start of March)
  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah soft-launched four advanced digital platforms and unveiled mascots 'Pragati' and 'Vikas' for Census 2027.
  • The digital tools developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) integrate satellite imagery, mobile apps, and web portals to streamline enumeration.
  • The mascots are a female enumerator 'Pragati' and a male enumerator 'Vikas', symbolising equal participation of men and women in India's goal to become a developed nation by 2047.
SBI General Insurance appoints Pankaj Tripathi as brand ambassador to promote financial fitness. (Start of March)
  • SBI General Insurance has appointed actor Pankaj Tripathi as its brand ambassador.
  • The company launched the campaign ‘Chuniye Bharosa, Apno Sa’ to build trust through consistent care.
  • A new health insurance film features Tripathi as a quiet, dependable family presence.
  • The campaign aims to make healthcare in India more accessible through product innovation and transparent claim settlements.
  • The integrated campaign will be amplified across Print, TV, OOH, OTT and social media platforms.
NPCI BHIM Services (NBSL) appoints MS Dhoni as brand ambassador for BHIM Payments App. (Mid of March)
  • NPCI BHIM Services (NBSL) has appointed former Indian cricket captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni as brand ambassador for BHIM Payments App.
  • The partnership aims to strengthen trust and confidence in digital payments as BHIM enters its next growth phase.
  • Lalitha Nataraj, MD and CEO of NBSL, stated the objective is to position BHIM as the preferred payments app for every Indian household.
Shikhar Dhawan appointed brand ambassador of Delhi Khel Mahakumbh by Delhi Government (Mid of February)
  • Shikhar Dhawan, former India cricketer and Arjuna Awardee, has been appointed as the brand ambassador of the inaugural Delhi Khel Mahakumbh.
  • The Delhi Khel Mahakumbh is an initiative of the Directorate of Education and Sports, Government of NCT of Delhi.
  • The event aims to strengthen grassroots sports participation and talent identification across Delhi.
  • The inaugural edition will be held from February 13 across 16 venues in the capital.
  • Sports included are basketball, football, athletics, kabaddi, wrestling, squash, and volleyball.
  • Participation is expected from thousands of young athletes representing all 12 districts of Delhi.

NCERT granted deemed-to-be university status

[NCERT]

Key Updates:

  • The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has been declared a deemed-to-be university by the Ministry of Education on the advice of the University Grants Commission (UGC).
  • The deemed status covers NCERT and its six constituent units: Regional Institutes of Education in Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Mysuru and Shillong, and the Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education in Bhopal.
  • NCERT is now empowered to award its own degrees and must launch research, doctoral and innovative academic programmes.
  • All academic programmes must conform to UGC norms and cannot be commercial or profit-making.
  • NCERT must participate in National Institutional Ranking Framework rankings and create Academic Bank of Credits identities for its students.

Similar Coverage

Saat Nischay-3: 54 Bihar institutions to become Centres of Excellence with ₹320 crore outlay for 2026–27 (Start of March)
  • Bihar Higher Education Department shortlisted 54 colleges to be developed as Centres of Excellence under Saat Nischay–3.
  • Each college will specialise as a subject-specific expert centre to improve education quality within Bihar.
  • First phase targets 2026–27 and includes Patna Women’s College, Patna Science College, Patna College, Magadh Mahila College, and College of Arts and Crafts.
  • Institutions under Patna, Pataliputra, Magadh, Lalit Narayan Mithila, Veer Kunwar Singh, B N Mandal, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar, Jai Prakash, Munger, Purnea, and Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur universities are included.
  • Second phase from 2027 to 2030 will cover colleges in Nawada, Arwal, Jehanabad, Buxar, Kaimur, Siwan, Gopalganj, Araria, Kishanganj, and Vaishali.
  • Annual budget outlay for 2026–27 is ₹320 crore.
  • Degree colleges will also be established in blocks lacking such institutions under Saat Nischay-3.
NAAC accreditation freeze for 2024-2025 academic year (Start of April)
  • No university or college received fresh accreditation from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) during the 2024-2025 academic year.
  • NAAC had accredited 1,790 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the 2023-2024 academic year.
  • NAAC received accreditation requests from 2,300 institutions for 2024-2025.
  • As of 14 August 2025, NAAC had accredited 509 universities, 7,783 colleges, and 290 autonomous colleges.
  • This represents less than 20% of about 50,000 colleges and roughly 40% of 1,170 universities in the country.
  • The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill proposes a new Accreditation Council to oversee state agencies, replacing the Bengaluru-based NAAC monopoly.
  • Ten NAAC members were arrested in February 2025 after a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) inquiry into bribery allegations for granting A++ accreditation to the Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.
  • A senior education official stated that the revamped accreditation process is expected to restart within a couple of months.
Assam Government launches Provincialisation Management System (PMS 1.0) for Venture Educational Institutions (Mid of February)
  • The Government of Assam launched the Provincialisation Management System (PMS 1.0) to streamline the process of provincialising venture educational institutions.
  • Chief Minister (CM) Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma inaugurated the digital platform at Lok Sewa Bhawan to ensure transparency in the provincialisation of teaching and non-teaching staff.
  • The portal operates under the framework of the Assam Education Act, 2017, which was recently updated as the 2025 Amended Act.
  • The initiative includes special budgetary provisions for teachers of schools and colleges established after 2006 for the first time.
  • Educational institutions are required to register on the portal using the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) code for schools or the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) code for colleges.
  • The system facilitates digital screening and automated verification of institutional data to reduce manual errors and administrative delays.
  • Since 2011, over 57,000 teachers have been provincialised across primary, secondary, and college levels in the state of Assam.
  • The eligibility criteria for the provincialisation process were notified in the Government of Assam Gazette on 30 December 2025.
Supreme Court Stays University Grants Commission (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026 (End of January)
  • The Supreme Court (SC) of India stayed the University Grants Commission (UGC) (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026, citing concerns that they could divide society.
  • A bench comprising Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi ordered that the 2012 Regulations will continue in force under Article 142 until further orders.
  • The SC directed the Central Government to constitute a committee of eminent jurists to address the issue and obtain court approval for its setup.
  • Petitioners challenged Section 3(1)(c) of the regulations for defining discrimination only against members of Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) while excluding the general category.
  • The court flagged the omission of ragging as a specific form of discrimination and expressed concern over provisions indicating separate hostels, classrooms, or mentorship groups.
  • The 2026 Regulations were developed following a 2019 petition seeking anti-discrimination mechanisms in higher education institutions.

Min Aung Hlaing became President of Myanmar.

[Myanmar]

Key Updates:

  • Min Aung Hlaing assumed the presidency after stepping down as armed forces commander as required by the constitution.
  • The newly-elected parliament that selected him is dominated by military loyalists, with the military guaranteed 25% of seats and its party winning nearly 80% of the rest.
  • General Ye Win Oo succeeded Min Aung Hlaing as armed forces commander.
  • Min Aung Hlaing created a new consultative council that holds paramount authority over civilian and military affairs.
  • Aung San Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy won a landslide victory in the November 2020 election before the 1 February 2021 coup.
  • The National Unity Government, operating from resistance-held areas near the Thailand border, rejects the new government and parliament as illegitimate.

Similar Coverage

Uchral Nyam-Osor elected Prime Minister of Mongolia (Start of April)
  • Uchral Nyam-Osor secured 88 of 107 parliamentary votes in Ulaanbaatar to become Prime Minister.
  • He is the third person to hold the post in Mongolia within a year.
  • His stated agenda centres on ensuring citizens gain greater benefits from mining projects.
Bangladesh holds first election since Gen Z protests ousted Sheikh Hasina (Mid of February)
  • Over 2,000 candidates contested 300 parliamentary seats in Bangladesh’s first election since Sheikh Hasina was ousted by student-led protests.
  • The Awami League, Hasina’s party, was banned from contesting the polls.
  • The main contest is between the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and a coalition led by Jamaat-e-Islami.
  • Results are expected on Friday, with 49% turnout reported by 14:00 local time.
  • Nearly 120 million people were eligible to vote, with about 40% under the age of 37.
  • Nearly a million police and soldiers were deployed for security during the election.
  • Sheikh Hasina, currently in exile in India, was convicted and sentenced to death in absentia for ordering the crackdown that killed up to 1,400 protesters.
  • Voters also cast ballots on a referendum for constitutional change proposed by the interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.
Anutin Charnvirakul Wins Thailand General Election as Prime Minister (Start of February)
  • Anutin Charnvirakul and the Bhumjaithai Party secured a victory in the Thailand general election held on 8 February 2026.
  • The Bhumjaithai Party won approximately 192 seats in the 500-member House of Representatives, according to preliminary results from the Election Commission (EC).
  • Anutin Charnvirakul assumed the role of Prime Minister following the ousting of Paetongtarn Shinawatra of the Pheu Thai party over a border crisis with Cambodia.
  • The People's Party, led by Natthaphong Rueangpanyawut, secured 117 seats and announced it would serve as the opposition.
  • A survey conducted by the National Institute for Development Administration (NIDA) correctly projected the Bhumjaithai Party as the winner of the election.
  • Voters also approved a referendum to replace the 2017 military-backed constitution by a margin of nearly two to one.
  • The Bhumjaithai Party campaign included pledges to implement a consumer subsidy programme and cancel a maritime claims agreement with Cambodia.
Tarique Rahman set to become Prime Minister of Bangladesh after BNP landslide. (Mid of February)
  • Tarique Rahman, chairman of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), won two parliamentary seats: Dhaka-17 and Bogra-6.
  • BNP and its allies secured at least 212 of the 299 contested seats in the 13th Parliamentary elections.
  • Jamaat-e-Islami and its allies won 70 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • The elections were held on February 12, with 127.7 million eligible voters and a 59% turnout reported by 2pm.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Tarique Rahman on BNP’s victory.

Rao Inderjit Singh holds Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

[United Nations]

Key Updates:

  • Rao Inderjit Singh is Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
  • He also holds Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Ministry of Planning.
  • He serves as Minister of State in Ministry of Culture.
  • He provided the information in Rajya Sabha on 23 March 2026.

Similar Coverage

NITI Aayog–JICA Phase II pact for SDG push in Aspirational Districts and Blocks (Start of March)
  • NITI Aayog and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) signed the Record of Discussions for Phase II of the Japan–India Cooperative Actions towards Sustainable Development Goals.
  • The agreement was signed in the presence of Rohit Kumar, Additional Secretary and Mission Director of the Aspirational Districts and Blocks Programme at NITI Aayog, and Takeuchi Takuro, Chief Representative, JICA India.
  • Phase II focuses on institutional capacity-building and improving governance systems at district and block levels under the Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) and Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP).
  • The initiative covers six themes: global partnership, health and nutrition, education, agriculture and water resources, financial inclusion and skill development, and basic infrastructure.
  • Key activities include capacity-building exchanges, Japan–India knowledge forums, identification and dissemination of best practices, and targeted support to selected Aspirational Districts and Blocks.
India signs MoUs with 23 countries for Digital Public Infrastructure cooperation (Start of February)
  • India has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)/agreements with 23 countries for sharing and cooperation on India Stack / Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).
  • The MoUs focus on digital identity, digital payments, data exchange and service delivery platforms under India Stack framework.
  • The countries are: Republic of Armenia, Republic of Sierra Leone, Republic of Suriname, Antigua and Barbuda, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, United Republic of Tanzania, Republic of Kenya, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Colombia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Ethiopia, Jamaica, Gambia, Fiji, Guyana, Venezuela, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Lesotho, Maldives, Mongolia.
  • UPI is now live in over eight countries: UAE, Singapore, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, France, Mauritius and Qatar.
  • MoUs for Digilocker have been signed with Cuba, Kenya, United Arab Emirates and Lao People's Democratic Republic.
  • India Stack Global portal (www.indiastack.global) showcases 18 key digital platforms for global adoption.
  • Global DPI Repository (www.dpi.global) was launched during India’s G20 Presidency in 2023, with India contributing the highest number of DPI solutions.
  • Key DPI platforms include Aadhaar, UPI, CoWIN, API Setu, DigiLocker, Aarogya Setu, GeM, UMANG, DIKSHA, e-Sanjeevani, e-Hospital, e-Office, eCourts, POSHAN Tracker, National NCD Platform, Skill India Digital Hub, PFMS and PM GatiShakti.
  • The information was provided by Union Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology Shri Jitin Prasada in Rajya Sabha on 06.02.2026.
NeSDA Way Forward December 2025 Report: 24,090 e-services across States/UTs (End of January)
  • Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG) released the 32nd NeSDA Way Forward monthly report for December 2025.
  • 24,090 e-services are provided across States/UTs.
  • 8,656 e-services relate to Local Governance & Utility Services.
  • 156 new e-services were added by States/UTs in November 2025.
  • 21 States/UTs achieved over 90% saturation of 59 mandatory e-services: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
  • Portals providing 100% services are Assam (Sewa Setu), Jammu & Kashmir (e-UNNAT), Karnataka (Seva Sindhu), Odisha (Odisha One), Madhya Pradesh (MP e-Service), Uttarakhand (Apuni Sarkar) and Kerala (e-Sevanam).
  • Over 90% of services are provided by 4 States/UTs through their Unified Service Delivery Portals: e-District Chandigarh, e-District Delhi, Saral Haryana and e-Mitra (Rajasthan).
  • National Digital Library of India (NDLI) and Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) are highlighted as best-practice portals of Central Government Ministries/Departments.
  • City-level digital platforms of Puducherry and Guwahati Municipalities are showcased as best practices.
Panchamrit Commitments: National Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions by 2070 (Mid of January)
  • India has committed to a pathway towards net-zero emissions by 2070 as part of the Panchamrit commitments announced at COP-26. "Referring to the Panchamrit commitments announced at COP-26, he observed that India’s pathway towards net-zero emissions by 2070 is both ambitious and realistic."
  • The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a global leadership initiative by India to mobilise countries of the Global South for affordable solar solutions. "He highlighted India’s leadership in the International Solar Alliance, which has mobilised countries of the Global South around affordable and scalable solar solutions."
  • The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) focuses on strengthening global infrastructure systems against climate-induced shocks. "the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, which focuses on strengthening infrastructure systems against climate-induced shocks."
  • The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) integrates civilisational ethics of environmental stewardship into India's urbanisation and infrastructure strategies. "Manohar Lal Khattar, Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs... situating contemporary climate policy within a broader civilisational ethic... values that continue to inform India’s urbanisation and infrastructure strategies."
  • India is transitioning towards domestic clean-technology manufacturing to ensure energy security and a future-ready economy. "It must rest on homegrown clean technologies, resilient manufacturing and a future-ready workforce."

INS Malwan delivered to Indian Navy as second ASW shallow water craft.

[Cochin Shipyard Limited, Indian Navy]

Key Updates:

  • Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) delivered INS Malwan on 31 March 2026.
  • Malwan is the second of eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) under a Ministry of Defence-approved programme.
  • The vessel is about 80 metres long, displaces around 1,100 tonnes and uses a waterjet propulsion system.
  • Over 80% of the ship’s content is indigenous and it is built to DNV classification rules.
  • Malwan is named after the coastal town of Malwan in Maharashtra associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s maritime legacy.
  • The craft carries lightweight torpedoes, anti-submarine rockets, advanced sonar and radars for littoral operations.
  • Besides anti-submarine warfare, the ship can conduct mine-laying, coastal patrol and low-intensity maritime operations.
  • The eight-vessel series includes Mahe, Malwan, Mangrol, Malpe, Mulki, Munroe, Makkah and Mandavi.

Similar Coverage

Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) launches INS Shachi and delivers ICGS Achal in single-day milestone (Start of April)
  • Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) launched INS Shachi (Yard 1280), a Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (NGOPV), for the Indian Navy.
  • GSL delivered Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Achal (Yard 1274) to the Indian Coast Guard on the same day.
  • INS Shachi incorporates around 76 percent indigenous components.
  • ICGS Achal has been built with over 65 percent indigenous content.
  • GSL has launched 14 vessels in the past 600 days, averaging one vessel every 40–43 days.
INS Malwan delivered: Second ASW SWC commissioned on 31 March 2026 (Start of April)
  • INS Malwan, the second of eight anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft (ASW SWC), was delivered on 31 March 2026.
  • Built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi, the vessel has over 80% indigenous content.
  • Length: ~80 metres; Displacement: ~1,100 tonnes; Propulsion: waterjet system.
  • Armed with lightweight torpedoes and anti-submarine rockets; fitted with advanced sonar and radar sensors.
  • Designed for littoral operations including anti-submarine warfare, mine-laying, and coastal surveillance.
  • Named after Malwan town in Maharashtra, associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s maritime legacy.
  • Part of an eight-vessel series: Mahe, Malwan, Mangrol, Malpe, Mulki, Munroe, Makkah, Mandavi.
  • Programme approved by Ministry of Defence to replace older Abhay-class corvettes.
India inaugurates Waterjet Production and Testing Facility in Goa on 13 February 2026 (Mid of February)
  • Director General of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), DG Paramesh Sivamani, inaugurated the Waterjet Production and Testing Facility of Marine Jet Power (MJP) India in Goa.
  • India has become the third country globally, after the United States and South Korea, to host such a specialised production and testing capability.
  • The facility was commissioned under a Manufacturing and Transfer of Technology (ToT) framework to establish a domestic supply chain for waterjet propulsion systems.
  • The ICG currently operates over 100 MJP waterjet propulsion systems across its fleet, with 42 additional systems planned for ships under construction.
  • The new facility will serve as a regional hub for South Asia and adjoining regions while enhancing indigenous repair and overhaul capabilities.
  • DG ICG reviewed the progress of six indigenously built Air Cushion Vehicles (ACVs) at Chowgule and Company Private Limited.
  • The ACV project is India’s first indigenous programme of its kind, featuring approximately 50 per cent indigenous content with the first delivery scheduled for May 2026.
India inducts fourth ASW SWC 'Agray' built by GRSE on 30 March 2026 (Start of April)
  • The Indian Navy inducted 'Agray', the fourth Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), from Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) on 30 March 2026.
  • 'Agray' is designed for shallow coastal waters and carries over 80% indigenous content under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
  • The vessel uses waterjet propulsion, making it the largest Indian naval warship with this technology.
  • It is equipped with Lightweight Torpedoes, Indigenous Rocket Launchers, and advanced shallow water SONAR systems.
  • The ASW SWCs are built in compliance with classification standards of the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).
  • 'Agray' is the fourth of eight ASW SWCs planned under the programme to enhance coastal defence in the Indian Ocean Region.

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ranks India third-largest renewable energy market in 2025

[IRENA]

Key Updates:

  • India added 45 GW of renewable capacity in 2025, raising total installed renewable energy capacity to 250.5 GW from 175.9 GW in 2023.
  • Solar capacity additions in India reached 37 GW in 2025, making it the second-highest contributor globally after China.
  • India’s wind energy capacity increased by 6.3 GW in 2025, marking its highest annual increase.
  • Hydropower installed capacity in India grew from 52 GW in 2024 to 56 GW in 2025, while pumped hydro rose from 4.7 GW to 7.2 GW.
  • Globally, renewable share of total installed power capacity rose to 49.4 per cent in 2025 from 46.3 per cent in 2024.

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Energy Statistics India 2026 released by National Statistics Office (NSO) (Start of April)
  • The National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, released the 33rd edition of 'Energy Statistics India 2026' on 30 March 2026.
  • The publication integrates data on reserve, capacity, production, consumption, and import/export of all energy commodities including Coal, Lignite, Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Renewable Energy.
  • New additions include credit flow to domestic energy sectors, world energy statistics, consumption of domestic coal through e-auction, imported non-coking coal, sub-sectoral electricity consumption under industry from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), industry-wise HSD distribution through retail/reseller, and international aviation and marine bunker data for the first time.
  • Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) for FY 2024-25 grew by 2.95% to 9,32,816 KToe.
  • India’s renewable energy potential reached 47,04,043 Megawatt as on 31 March 2025, with solar energy at 33,43,378 Megawatt (71% share), wind at 11,63,856 Megawatt, and large hydro at 1,33,410 Megawatt.
  • Rajasthan (23.70%), Maharashtra (14.26%), Gujarat (9.10%), Andhra Pradesh (9.1%), Karnataka (8.59%), and Madhya Pradesh (8.09%) together account for over 70% of the total renewable energy potential.
  • Installed renewable electricity capacity rose from 90,134 Megawatt on 31 March 2016 to 2,29,346 Megawatt on 31 March 2025, recording a CAGR of 10.93%.
  • Gross electricity generation from renewables increased from 1,89,314 GWh in FY 2015-16 to 4,16,823 GWh in FY 2024-25, a CAGR of 9.17%.
  • Per-capita energy consumption grew from 15,296 Mega Joule/person in FY 2015-16 to 18,096 Mega Joule/person in FY 2024-25, a CAGR of 1.89%.
  • Transmission and distribution losses reduced from about 22% in FY 2015-16 to about 17% in FY 2024-25.
  • Coal (including lignite) remained the dominant energy source, with supply rising from 3,87,761 Ktoe in FY 2015-16 to 5,52,315 Ktoe in FY 2024-25.
  • Total Final Consumption (TFC) of energy increased by 30.41% from 4,69,212 Ktoe in FY 2015-16 to 6,08,578 Ktoe in FY 2024-25.
  • Credit flow to the energy sector expanded over six-fold from ₹1,688 crore in 2021 to ₹10,325 crore in 2025.
Ministry of Power (MoP) records historic 52,537 MW power capacity addition in FY 2025–26 (Start of March)
  • The Ministry of Power (MoP) reported a record addition of 52,537 MW in power generation capacity during the financial year 2025–26 up to 31 January 2026.
  • The current addition represents a growth of more than 11 per cent in the total installed capacity and surpasses the previous record of 34,054 MW set in FY 2024–25.
  • Renewable energy sources accounted for 39,657 MW of the total capacity added, including 34,955 MW from solar power and 4,613 MW from wind power.
  • India’s total installed power generation capacity reached 520,510.95 MW as of 31 January 2026.
  • Non-fossil fuel sources now form the larger share of the total capacity base at 271,969.33 MW, while fossil fuel-based plants account for 248,541.62 MW.
  • The non-fossil fuel category comprises 263,189.33 MW from renewable energy sources and 8,780 MW from nuclear power.
Gujarat becomes India’s renewable energy powerhouse with 42.583 GW installed capacity (Start of February)
  • Gujarat accounts for 16.5 % of India’s total renewable energy with an installed capacity of 42.583 GW.
  • The state leads India in wind power capacity at 14,820.94 MW and in rooftop solar with over 11 lakh installations generating 6,412.80 MW.
  • Gujarat ranks second in total solar power capacity at 25,529.40 MW.
  • Major solar parks in Gujarat include Charanka (749 MW), Radhanesda (700 MW), and Dholera (300 MW).
  • Khavda Renewable Energy Park in Gujarat is planned to be the world’s largest at 37.35 GW, with 11.33 GW already achieved.
  • Under PM-KUSUM, 12,700 standalone solar water pumps have been installed in Gujarat.
  • Gujarat targets 105 GW renewable energy capacity by 2030.
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) projects 70% non-fossil fuel share in India’s installed capacity by 2035-36 (End of March)
  • Central Electricity Authority (CEA) report released on 19 March 2026 at Bharat Electricity Summit projects India’s installed power generation capacity at 1,121 GW by 2035-36.
  • Non-fossil fuel sources are projected to contribute 786 GW, accounting for 70% of total installed capacity.
  • Solar sector is projected to contribute 509 GW, coal 315 GW, wind 155 GW, large hydro 77 GW, nuclear 22 GW, gas 20 GW, biomass 16 GW, and small hydro 6 GW.
  • As of 31 January 2026, India’s installed capacity stood at 520.5 GW with 52% from non-fossil sources.
  • During FY 2025-26 (till 31 January 2026), 52.5 GW capacity was added, including 43 GW from renewable energy.
  • Peak electricity demand is projected to grow at 5.58% CAGR to reach 459 GW by 2035-36.
  • Total electricity requirement is projected to grow at 6.41% annually to 3,365 billion units by 2035-36.
  • Energy storage capacity of 174 GW / 888 GWh is envisaged, including 80 GW / 321 GWh of battery energy storage systems and 94 GW / 567 GWh of pumped storage projects.

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) retains LIC, GIC Re, New India Assurance as D-SIIs for FY26

[IRDAI, LIC, GIC Re, New India Assurance]

Key Updates:

  • Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has retained Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re), and The New India Assurance Company Ltd. as Domestic Systemically Important Insurers (D-SIIs) for FY 2025-26.
  • The list remains unchanged from FY 2024-25 following IRDAI's annual assessment.
  • D-SIIs are insurers whose distress or failure could significantly disrupt the domestic financial system.
  • IRDAI mandates these insurers to strengthen corporate governance standards, enhance risk identification processes, and promote a robust risk management framework.
  • The identified insurers will continue to be subject to enhanced regulatory supervision.

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Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (Irdai) notifies Ind AS norms for insurers with one-year forbearance (Start of April)
  • Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (Irdai) issued final regulations for transition to Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) effective 1 April 2026.
  • Insurers may request forbearance until 30 April 2026 if unable to comply with Ind AS; forbearance can be granted for one year.
  • Parallel reporting under Ind AS alongside existing Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (IGAAP) framework permitted for two years.
  • Multi-stakeholder expert committee proposed with representatives from Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), Institute of Actuaries of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), and National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA).
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) mandates Ind AS accounting for all insurers from 1 April 2026 (Start of April)
  • IRDAI approved the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (Actuarial, Finance and Investment Functions of Insurers) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026.
  • All insurers — life, general, stand-alone health insurers and reinsurers — must prepare financial statements under Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) effective 1 April 2026.
  • Parallel reporting under Ind AS and the existing accounting framework will continue for two years or as specified by IRDAI.
  • Insurers unable to shift immediately may receive a one-year forbearance, during which they must still submit Ind AS-based information to IRDAI.
  • The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the Institute of Actuaries of India (IAI) welcomed the adoption and pledged support to insurers and professionals.
CA P. V. Narayana Rao appointed as Co-opted Member of ICAI's Sustainability Reporting Standards Board (SRSB) for 2026-27. (End of March)
  • CA P. V. Narayana Rao has been appointed as a Co-opted Member of the Sustainability Reporting Standards Board (SRSB) of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) for the term 2026-27.
  • He qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1987 and secured a Gold Medal as University Topper in Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) from Kakatiya University.
  • He served as Chairman of the ICAI Warangal Branch in 2015 and as Co-opted Member of the Public Relations Committee of ICAI (Central Council) in 2016.
  • He is currently the Vice President of the Telangana & Andhra Pradesh Tax Bar Association.
  • The Sustainability Reporting Standards Board (SRSB) was established by ICAI in February 2020 to develop sustainability reporting standards aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030.
India leads globally with 56% of Nagoya Protocol compliance certificates (Start of April)
  • India has issued 3,561 Internationally Recognised Certificates of Compliance (IRCCs) under the Nagoya Protocol, accounting for over 56% of the global total of 6,311.
  • The Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework of the Nagoya Protocol ensures fair sharing of benefits from the use of biological resources with local communities and farmers.
  • Out of 142 countries registered on the ABS Clearing-House, only 34 have issued IRCCs; India is followed by France (964), Spain (320), Argentina (257), Panama (156), and Kenya (144).
  • IRCCs serve as official evidence that prior informed consent has been obtained and mutually agreed terms established between users and providers of genetic resources.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) bars banks from offering non-deliverable INR derivatives and rebooking cancelled contracts

[Reserve Bank of India]

Key Updates:

  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has barred authorised dealers from offering non-deliverable derivative contracts involving the Indian rupee to residents or non-residents.
  • Deliverable foreign exchange derivatives allowed only for hedging and users must not hold offsetting non-deliverable positions.
  • Rebooking of any cancelled foreign exchange derivative contract involving INR is not permitted after the circular issued on Wednesday.
  • Authorised dealers are prohibited from undertaking INR derivative transactions with related parties as defined under Ind AS 24 or IAS 24.
  • The revised directions are effective immediately and issued under FEMA provisions until further review.
  • The Indian rupee appreciated 2 per cent to 92.94 per dollar following the central bank’s measures to curb speculative trading.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) mandates Unique Transaction Identifier (UTI) for OTC derivatives (Mid of February)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated the use of a Unique Transaction Identifier (UTI) for all Over-the-Counter (OTC) derivative transactions to improve traceability and systemic risk monitoring.
  • The new framework for UTI implementation is scheduled to become applicable from 1 January 2027.
  • The mandate covers Foreign Exchange (FX) derivatives (forwards and swaps), Rupee interest rate derivatives (overnight index swaps and MIBOR-linked swaps), forward contracts in government securities, and credit derivatives.
  • The Clearing Corporation of India (CCIL) is expected to issue detailed operational guidelines for the implementation of the UTI framework in due course.
  • Responsibility for generating the UTI will follow a waterfall mechanism, starting with central counterparties or electronic trading platforms, and falling back on the trade repository of the CCIL.
  • Routine amendments to derivative contracts will not require a new UTI, but lifecycle events such as novations that create a new reportable trade will trigger fresh identifiers.
  • The RBI had previously issued a draft regarding the UTI requirement in October 2025.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) caps banks' net open position at $100 million (End of March)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has capped banks' net open position in rupee at $100 million effective April 10, 2026.
  • This is the first time in nearly 15 years that RBI has imposed such curbs on currency market bets.
  • Previously, bank boards fixed the net open position limit.
  • Post-2013, banks set their own Net Overnight Open Position Limits (NOOPL) up to 25% of Tier I/II capital.
  • In December 2011, RBI had curbed net open position limits by 75% for some banks and 50% for top banks after the domestic currency weakened by 20%.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) caps banks’ daily net open forex exposure at $100 million. (Start of April)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) instructed banks to limit their net open exposure to the currency in the foreign exchange market to $100 million by the end of each day.
  • The new cap must be complied with by April 10.
  • Previously, banks could hold net open positions up to 25 per cent of their total capital.
  • India’s forex reserves have fallen by over $30 billion, to $698.34 billion, since the West Asia conflict began.
  • The RBI has used dollars from its forex kitty to stabilise the rupee, which breached 95-per-dollar.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) releases draft Directions on Foreign Exchange Dealings of Authorised Persons (Mid of February)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the draft Directions on Foreign Exchange Dealings of Authorised Persons on Tuesday.
  • The draft aims to ease reporting obligations and provide greater flexibility to Authorised Persons for hedging exposures, balance sheet management and market-making.
  • The format for reporting net open position limits has been updated.
  • Comments and feedback on the draft directions are invited by March 10, 2026.

SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL) to deploy ₹1,005 crore Antariksh Venture Capital Fund for Indian space startups from FY2027

Key Updates:

  • The Antariksh Venture Capital Fund, managed by SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL), will begin investing in Indian space startups from the first quarter of FY2027.
  • The fund has a committed corpus of ₹1,005 crore aimed at boosting private sector innovation in India’s space economy.
  • SVCL received Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) registration for the fund on 31 October 2025.
  • The fund completed its initial closing on 10 November 2025 after appointing a custodian and registering with depositories for issuing alternative investment fund units.
  • Union Minister Jitendra Singh announced that the first round of funding approvals is expected soon.

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Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) launches first State Innovation Mission (SIM) in Tripura to strengthen State-led innovation ecosystem (Start of March)
  • Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog launched the first State Innovation Mission (SIM) in Tripura at the Hapania International Exhibition Centre in Agartala.
  • SIM is part of the approved AIM 2.0 programme under NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission (SSM) and will be institutionalised under the Tripura Institution for Transformation (TIFT).
  • T-NEST (Tripura – Nurturing Entrepreneurship and Startups), a dedicated incubation and innovation facility, was inaugurated to incubate startups and promote Make from Tripura solutions.
  • Innovation Centres will be created in each of Tripura’s 8 districts and linked to T-NEST to promote innovation among women and tribal communities.
  • Tripura launched one of India’s first District Innovator Fellowships (DIF) to identify and nurture grassroots innovators with structured lifecycle support.
  • Tripura will formulate a State AI Policy aligned with the Prime Minister’s vision of responsible and inclusive AI and establish an AI City in Agartala with support from global technology enablers.
  • SIM will support Tripura in strengthening innovation education and entrepreneurial exposure from the school level and enable startups to access infrastructure, mentorship, and funding support.
DPIIT-Razorpay MoU empowers startups with zero-fee incorporation, mentorship and fintech tools (End of March)
  • Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) partnered with Razorpay on 26 Mar 2026 to provide financial tools, founder enablement programmes and ecosystem support to startups.
  • Startup Sahayak platform launched to give end-to-end assistance including company incorporation, access to central and state government schemes, funding guidance and structured interface for ecosystem support.
  • DPIIT-recognised startups will receive incorporation support with zero professional fees, excluding applicable government charges.
  • Selected startups will be onboarded into curated founder communities for peer learning, networking and domain-specific support in engineering, hiring and marketing.
  • Knowledge sessions on applied artificial intelligence, marketing, product development and financial management will be conducted through Startup India Hub.
Gujarat launches herSTART 5.0 to incubate and mentor women-led startups (Start of March)
  • Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel launched the fifth edition of the herSTART programme run by the Gujarat University Startup and Entrepreneurship Council.
  • The herSTART programme provides incubation, mentorship and market access support to women-led startups.
  • CM Patel announced that the number of startups in India has risen from fewer than 500 about a decade ago to nearly 2,00,000, with women accounting for a substantial share of participation.
  • He highlighted that opportunities are expanding for women in the semiconductor sector, including chip design, fabrication management, semiconductor packaging and deep-technology innovation.
  • The Chief Minister inaugurated a newly built research park at Gujarat University and named the university's convention centre as Vidyagauri Nilkanth Sabhapuram.
IIT Madras and Unicorn India Ventures launch Rs 600-crore deeptech fund with Rs 400-crore greenshoe option (Start of February)
  • IIT Madras and Unicorn India Ventures have launched the IITM Unicorn Frontier Fund I with a corpus of Rs 600 crore and an additional Rs 400 crore greenshoe option.
  • The fund will invest Rs 8-10 crore each in over 25 early-stage, IP-led deeptech startups.
  • Target sectors include robotics, space technology, defence tech, semiconductors, and medical technology.
  • Most investments will target startups at Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) 3-4, with some follow-on backing up to TRL 7-9.
  • The 10-year fund, with a two-year extension option, will deploy around 60% of the corpus for initial portfolio and 40% for follow-on rounds.
  • A large portion of investments will focus on startups emerging from the IIT Madras ecosystem, including those incubated at the IIT Madras Research Park and the IIT Madras Incubation Cell.

Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) and Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited (BCGCL) sign land lease for 2,000-tonnes per day coal-to-ammonium nitrate project.

[Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited]

Key Updates:

  • Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) and Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited (BCGCL) signed a land lease agreement for a coal-to-ammonium nitrate project at Lakhanpur in Jharsuguda district, Odisha.
  • The agreement was signed in New Delhi on Wednesday in the presence of Union coal and mines minister G Kishan Reddy.
  • The project will have a capacity of 2,000 tonnes per day and will come up on 350 acres.
  • The project has received support of Rs 1,350 crore.
  • The project will use indigenous technology developed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).
  • Two major contracts have been awarded to BHEL and two others to Larsen & Toubro.
  • The Centre has approved an outlay of Rs 8,500 crore to promote coal gasification.
  • Seven coal gasification projects have been finalised, including three where groundbreaking ceremonies have been completed.

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Ministry of Coal (MoC) achieves 1 billion tonne coal production for second consecutive year (End of March)
  • India achieved the landmark of 1 billion tonne (BT) coal production on 20 March 2026.
  • This achievement marks the second consecutive year that the country has reached the 1 BT coal production milestone.
  • The Ministry of Coal (MoC) reported that the sustained output has supported the power sector in maintaining record coal inventories at thermal plants.
  • The production milestone aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 to enhance domestic production capabilities and drive sustainable economic development.
  • The landmark was achieved despite heightened uncertainties in global energy markets resulting from the West Asia crisis.
India and Canada sign Joint Statement on Energy Cooperation at India Energy Week 2026 in Goa (End of January)
  • India and Canada signed a Joint Statement on Energy Cooperation on the sidelines of India Energy Week 2026 in Goa.
  • The Joint Statement was signed after a bilateral meeting between Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri and Canada’s Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Timothy Hodgson.
  • The meeting marked the first high-level participation of a Canadian Cabinet Minister at India Energy Week.
  • The renewed India–Canada Ministerial Energy Dialogue was launched during the meeting.
  • Directions for the engagement were given by the Prime Ministers of India and Canada during their interaction on the sidelines of the G7 Summit in June 2025 in Kananaskis, Canada.
  • Canada aims to become an energy superpower in clean and conventional energy through expanding LNG projects, increased crude oil exports via the Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline, and growing LPG exports from its west coast.
  • India is the world’s third-largest oil consumer, fourth-largest LNG importer, and a major refining hub expected to account for over one-third of global energy demand growth over the next two decades.
  • Both countries agreed to deepen bilateral energy trade, including Canadian LNG, LPG, and crude oil supply to India and export of refined petroleum products from India to Canada.
  • Canada noted accelerated energy project approvals and India highlighted ongoing reforms and investment opportunities worth nearly USD 500 billion across the energy value chain.
  • Areas identified for collaboration include renewable energy, hydrogen, biofuels, sustainable aviation fuel, battery storage, critical minerals, electricity systems, energy supply chain resilience, and artificial intelligence in the energy sector.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves Emirates NBD's 60% stake acquisition in RBL Bank

[Reserve Bank of India, Emirates NBD, RBL Bank]

Key Updates:

  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved Emirates NBD Bank's proposed acquisition of a 60% stake in RBL Bank.
  • Emirates NBD Bank will acquire the stake for approximately Rs 26,853 crore, marking the largest takeover of an Indian lender by a foreign financial institution.
  • The transaction includes amalgamation of Emirates NBD's India operations with RBL Bank, subject to regulatory clearances.
  • Emirates NBD will launch a mandatory open offer to acquire up to 26% of RBL Bank's expanded voting share capital at Rs 280 per share, covering around 415.58 million shares.
  • The open offer is expected to commence as early as next week, pending approval from Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi).

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RCB sold for $1.78 bn to Aditya Birla, Times of India-led consortium (End of March)
  • Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) was acquired for $1.78 billion (around ₹16,600 crore) by a consortium led by the Aditya Birla Group and The Times of India Group, along with Bolt Ventures and Blackstone.
  • The franchise is being acquired from United Spirits Limited (USL), a subsidiary of Diageo plc.
  • The transaction is subject to approvals from the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the IPL Governing Council.
  • After the 2026 IPL season, Aryaman Vikram Birla will become chairman and Satyan Gajwani of The Times of India Group will serve as vice-chairman of RCB.
  • United Spirits had originally bought the Bengaluru franchise in 2008 for $111.6 million (around ₹485 crore).
  • RCB won the Women’s Premier League (WPL) title in 2024 and its maiden IPL trophy in 2025.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) defers capital market exposures norms to 1 July 2026 (Start of April)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has deferred the effective date of the Amendment Directions on Capital Market Exposures by three months to 1 July 2026.
  • The central bank revised the framework after stakeholder feedback, modifying the definition of acquisition finance to include mergers and amalgamations.
  • Acquisition finance is now limited to acquiring a non-financial entity and can be availed by the acquiring company for on-lending to an India- or overseas-incorporated subsidiary.
  • Refinance of acquisition finance is permitted only after the acquisition is fully concluded and control of the target company is established, with the refinance used solely to retire the original debt.
  • A corporate guarantee from the acquiring company is mandatory when acquisition finance is extended to its subsidiary or special purpose vehicle.
  • The guidelines also aim to rationalise banks’ lending limits to individuals against shares, REIT units, InvIT units, and introduce a principle-based framework for lending to capital market intermediaries.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves SBI Mutual Fund to acquire up to 9.99% stake in Bandhan Bank. (Start of March)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved SBI Mutual Fund’s proposal to acquire up to 9.99% of the paid-up share capital or voting rights in Bandhan Bank.
  • RBI communicated the approval through a letter dated 25 February 2026.
  • The approval is subject to compliance with the Banking Regulation Act, 1949; RBI (Commercial Banks’ Acquisition and Holding of Shares or Voting Rights) Directions, 2025 dated 28 November 2025; Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999; and Securities and Exchange Board of India regulations.
  • If SBI Mutual Fund fails to acquire the major shareholding within one year from RBI’s letter date, the approval will stand cancelled.
  • SBI Mutual Fund’s aggregate holding must not exceed 9.99% of Bandhan Bank’s paid-up share capital or voting rights at any time.
  • If SBI Mutual Fund’s aggregate holding falls below 5%, prior RBI approval is required to raise it back to 5% or more.
  • Bandhan Bank shares closed 1.77% higher at ₹186.11 on NSE on Thursday.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves Bain Capital's acquisition of up to 41.7% stake in Manappuram Finance (Mid of February)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted final approval on 13 February 2026 for the acquisition of up to 41.66 per cent of the paid-up equity capital of Manappuram Finance by Bain Capital.
  • The acquisition will be executed through Bain Capital affiliates, BC Asia Investments XXV Ltd and BC Asia Investments XIV Ltd.
  • Bain Capital committed to an investment of approximately ₹4,385 crore to acquire an initial 18 per cent stake through preferential allotment of equity shares and warrants at ₹236 per share.
  • The transaction includes a mandatory open offer for an additional 26 per cent stake from public shareholders at ₹236 per share, as per the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011.
  • Upon completion, Bain Capital will be classified as a promoter and will jointly control Manappuram Finance with the existing promoters.
  • The existing promoters will retain a 28.9 per cent stake in the gold loan financier on a fully diluted basis post-investment.
  • V P Nandakumar serves as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Manappuram Finance.

Ethanol-Blended Petrol (E20) Mandate rolls out nationwide with 95 RON default grade

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG) mandated oil marketing companies to supply ethanol-blended petrol with up to 20 per cent ethanol content across all states and Union territories from 1 April 2026.
  • The notification issued on 17 February 2026 under the Essential Commodities Act requires the fuel to meet Bureau of Indian Standards specifications with a minimum Research Octane Number of 95.
  • E20 petrol consists of 20 per cent ethanol and 80 per cent petrol, replacing the earlier E10 blend.
  • Ethanol feedstock includes sugarcane, maize and other agricultural inputs.
  • Vehicles manufactured after April 2023 are designed to run on E20 fuel, while older vehicles may require monitoring of fuel system components.
  • Fuel efficiency may decline by around 3 to 7 per cent due to ethanol’s lower energy content compared with petrol.

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Central Government reduces excise duty on petrol and diesel by ₹10 per litre each and imposes export duties on diesel and ATF. (End of March)
  • Central excise duty on petrol and diesel for domestic consumption reduced by ₹10 per litre each on 26 March 2026.
  • Export duty on diesel set at ₹21.5 per litre and on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) at ₹29.5 per litre.
  • International crude price rose from around $70 per barrel to about $122 per barrel in the past month.
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated the changes were notified to Parliament.
  • Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri noted global fuel price increases of 20-50 per cent across regions.
  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said India is engaging global partners to ensure stable energy supplies amid the West Asia crisis.
  • Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal stated the measures prioritise domestic supply and stabilise the economy.
  • Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw indicated the government absorbed fiscal pressure to shield poor and middle-income families.
  • Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah described the duty reduction as consumer-focused relief during global fuel shortages.
PM E-DRIVE scheme revised with tighter deadlines and capped incentives (End of March)
  • The Ministry of Heavy Industries issued revised guidelines for the PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) scheme with a total outlay of ₹10,900 crore.
  • Electric two-wheelers registered till 31 July 2026 and electric three-wheelers (including e-rickshaws and e-carts) registered till 31 March 2028 are eligible for incentives.
  • Ex-factory price caps for eligibility are ₹1.5 lakh for electric two-wheelers and ₹2.5 lakh for electric three-wheelers.
  • Support is capped at 24,79,120 electric two-wheelers and 39,034 electric three-wheelers.
  • The electric three-wheeler (L5) sub-component closed on 26 December 2025 after its target was met.
  • If funds are exhausted before 31 March 2028, the scheme or its relevant sub-components will close early and no further claims will be entertained.
Ethanol Blending Programme Mandates 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol with Minimum RON 95 from April 2026 (End of February)
  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) has mandated the sale of petrol with up to 20 per cent ethanol and a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95 across all states and Union Territories from April 1, 2026.
  • The mandate requires oil companies to sell ethanol-blended motor spirit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications.
  • The central government may allow exceptions to this mandate for specific regions, limited timeframes, or special situations.
  • Ethanol for the programme is produced domestically from renewable sources such as sugarcane, maize, and agricultural grain surplus.
  • The policy aims to reduce national oil imports, lower carbon emissions, and support farmers by boosting demand for agricultural produce.
  • A minimum RON of 95 is required to prevent engine knocking, which is the uneven burning of fuel that causes power loss and potential engine damage.
  • Ethanol naturally possesses a high octane value of approximately 108 RON, which increases the knock resistance of the fuel blend.
  • The target for 20 per cent ethanol blending was advanced to 2025-26 from the original 2030 deadline after India achieved 10 per cent blending in June 2022.
  • India has saved more than ₹1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange through petrol substitution since the 2014-15 period.
SAKSHAM 2026 launched to promote petroleum and natural gas conservation. (Start of February)
  • SAKSHAM 2026 is a fortnight-long awareness campaign organised by the oil industry.
  • The campaign commenced on 1 February 2026 in Chandigarh.
  • Punjab Governor Gulab Chand Kataria inaugurated the campaign and emphasised conserving petroleum and natural gas.
  • Finance Secretary Diprava Lakra underlined the role of individuals and industries in adopting fuel-saving practices.
  • State-level coordinators from major oil companies outlined activities for transport and agriculture sectors.
  • Awareness activities include street plays, pledges, and mobile vans across Punjab and Chandigarh.

NCERT granted deemed-to-be university status to award own degrees

[NCERT]

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Education, on the advice of the University Grants Commission (UGC), declared the National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and its six constituent units as deemed-to-be university under the distinct category.
  • The six constituent units are regional institutes of education in Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Mysuru and Shillong, and the Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education in Bhopal.
  • The deemed status prohibits NCERT from commercial and profit-making activities and mandates that all academic programmes conform to UGC norms.
  • NCERT must obtain UGC approval before starting new programmes, off-campus or offshore centres.
  • NCERT has been directed to launch research, doctoral and innovative academic programmes and to participate in the National Institutional Ranking Framework rankings.
  • NCERT must create Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) identities for students and upload their credit scores in digital lockers for reflection in the ABC portal.

Similar Coverage

NAAC accreditation freeze for 2024-2025 academic year (Start of April)
  • No university or college received fresh accreditation from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) during the 2024-2025 academic year.
  • NAAC had accredited 1,790 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the 2023-2024 academic year.
  • NAAC received accreditation requests from 2,300 institutions for 2024-2025.
  • As of 14 August 2025, NAAC had accredited 509 universities, 7,783 colleges, and 290 autonomous colleges.
  • This represents less than 20% of about 50,000 colleges and roughly 40% of 1,170 universities in the country.
  • The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill proposes a new Accreditation Council to oversee state agencies, replacing the Bengaluru-based NAAC monopoly.
  • Ten NAAC members were arrested in February 2025 after a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) inquiry into bribery allegations for granting A++ accreditation to the Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.
  • A senior education official stated that the revamped accreditation process is expected to restart within a couple of months.
Punjab Assembly passes Shri Guru Teg Bahadur World Class University Bill, 2026 with ₹300 Crore Investment (Mid of March)
  • The Punjab Assembly passed the Shri Guru Teg Bahadur World Class University, Punjab Bill, 2026, to establish a world-class institute in Sri Anandpur Sahib.
  • The university will offer north India's first specialised courses in defence, aerospace, cyber security, and quantum computing.
  • The Punjab government proposed an investment of ₹300 crore for the project over the next three years, with an initial allocation of ₹20 crore in the current budget.
  • The academic structure includes B.Sc. in Defence Technology, M.Sc. in Strategic and Defence Studies, M.Tech. in Defence, Electronics and Radar Systems, and M.Tech. in Military Robotics and Atomic Systems.
  • Other courses include B.Tech. and M.Tech. in Artificial Intelligence (AI), M.Sc. in Data Sciences, B.Tech. in Drone Engineering and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, maritime studies, and a Master's in Military History.
  • The institute aims to educate more than 10,000 students over the next decade and intends to commence courses by July 2026.
  • The House also passed the Punjab Regulation of Crusher Units and Stockists and Retailers Bill, 2026, which mandates compulsory registration and digital tracking of minor minerals to curb illegal mining.
Ministry of Education (MoE) reports 31 per cent decline in Indian students studying abroad between 2023 and 2025 (Mid of February)
  • According to data shared by the Ministry of Education (MoE) in the Rajya Sabha, the number of Indian students travelling overseas for higher education fell from 9.08 lakh in 2023 to 6.26 lakh in 2025.
  • The Bureau of Immigration under the Union Home Ministry recorded 7.7 lakh students going abroad in 2024, representing a cumulative decline of nearly 31 per cent over the three-year period.
  • Minister of State for Education Sukanta Majumdar cited affordability, access to bank loans, and aptitude for specific disciplines as key determinants for overseas study decisions.
  • Major study destinations including the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Canada, and Australia have implemented tighter immigration rules, higher financial proof requirements, and caps on certain visa categories.
  • The MoE linked the decline to domestic strengthening of higher education under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, focusing on infrastructure, accreditation, and research.
  • A total of 14 foreign institutions have received approval to set up campuses in India, while five overseas universities have been cleared to operate in GIFT City, Gujarat.
  • The University of Surrey is among the international institutions that have announced plans to establish a physical presence in India.
  • Indian students are increasingly diversifying to alternative destinations such as Germany, Ireland, and France due to lower tuition costs and clearer post-study work frameworks.
Supreme Court Stays University Grants Commission (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026 (End of January)
  • The Supreme Court (SC) of India stayed the University Grants Commission (UGC) (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026, citing concerns that they could divide society.
  • A bench comprising Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi ordered that the 2012 Regulations will continue in force under Article 142 until further orders.
  • The SC directed the Central Government to constitute a committee of eminent jurists to address the issue and obtain court approval for its setup.
  • Petitioners challenged Section 3(1)(c) of the regulations for defining discrimination only against members of Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) while excluding the general category.
  • The court flagged the omission of ragging as a specific form of discrimination and expressed concern over provisions indicating separate hostels, classrooms, or mentorship groups.
  • The 2026 Regulations were developed following a 2019 petition seeking anti-discrimination mechanisms in higher education institutions.

CBSE AI and Computational Thinking Curriculum for Classes 3-8 from 2026-27

[CBSE]

Key Updates:

  • Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched the CBSE curriculum on Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Classes 3 to 8, to be introduced from the 2026-27 academic session.
  • The initiative is themed 'AI for Education, AI in Education' and aims to build foundational digital and analytical skills among young learners.
  • The curriculum includes structured modules, teacher handbooks, and a defined assessment framework focusing on logical reasoning, problem-solving, pattern recognition, and ethical use of technology.
  • For Classes 3 to 5, computational thinking will be integrated across subjects like mathematics, languages, and environmental studies through activity-based learning using puzzles, games, and storytelling.
  • In Classes 6 to 8, students will be introduced to foundational AI concepts alongside computational thinking.
  • The curriculum has been developed by the Department of School Education and Literacy in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023.
  • Support material will be made available through platforms such as DIKSHA.

Similar Coverage

Professor B Ravindran Appointed to United Nations (UN) Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence (AI) (End of February)
  • Professor B Ravindran of the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has been appointed to the United Nations (UN) Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
  • The panel was established through a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution in August 2025 to serve as a global scientific body assessing the impact of AI on societies.
  • Professor B Ravindran currently serves as the Head of the Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI and is the Founding Head of the Centre for Responsible Artificial Intelligence (CeRAI) at IIT Madras.
  • The appointment of the 40 leading experts to the panel was announced by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres at the India AI Impact Summit 2026 held in Delhi.
  • Professor B Ravindran will represent India and the voice of the Global South on this international panel of experts.
IIM Ahmedabad launches Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026 (End of March)
  • Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A) inaugurated the Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026.
  • The school was established through a Rs 100 crore endowment pledged by Grammy winner and IIM-A alumna Chandrika Tandon (PGP 1975).
  • The endowment will fund three strategic pillars: translational research, curriculum innovation, and industry engagement.
  • New programmes include a two-year MBA specialization in AI-enabled Management and executive-education short courses integrating ethics and governance.
  • The school released its inaugural research report 'Navigating the Future Trap with AI Value Compass' in collaboration with Persistent Systems.
  • The AI Value Compass framework addresses six dimensions: risk assessment, governance, data readiness, operating model redesign, workforce preparedness, and value measurement.
  • Key initiatives include an AI Ethics Lab, a Policy-Engagement Forum, and annual Responsible AI Challenge competitions.
Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launches AI-powered Teacher App 2.0 (End of February)
  • Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched Teacher App 2.0, an upgraded artificial intelligence (AI) powered digital platform for schoolteachers in New Delhi.
  • The platform was developed through a collaboration between the Bharti Airtel Foundation and the CK-12 Foundation.
  • The application covers the entire National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) curriculum from class 1 to 12, providing subject-wise materials and lesson plans.
  • The upgraded platform features more than 45 AI-enabled tools designed to assist in lesson preparation, student engagement, and classroom assessments.
  • The current version expands upon the earlier iteration launched in 2024, which was restricted to early grades only.
Google, MSDE, and CCSU collaborate to establish AI-enabled university in India (End of January)
  • The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU), and Google announced a collaboration to establish an AI-enabled university in India.
  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Google, MSDE, and CCSU to support capacity building and AI-focused education initiatives during the AI Impact Summit 2026.
  • Google introduced AI-powered Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main practice tests through its Gemini AI platform, allowing students to personalise difficulty levels and receive interactive explanations.
  • The Gemini AI Academy was launched to assist educators in creating lesson plans and quizzes, aligning with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
  • Google is deploying SynthID to identify AI-generated content and integrating Gemini into Google Classroom to provide AI-assisted feedback and usage insights.
  • Google Workspace Studio was introduced to allow the creation of no-code AI agents for classroom and administrative workflows.
  • Wadhwani AI, supported by Google.org, announced an expansion of its AI-for-Education initiatives to reach 75 million students and 1.8 million educators by December 2027.

E20 Petrol Mandate: Nationwide 20% Ethanol-Blended Fuel Roll-Out from 1 April 2025

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) directed that from 1 April 2025 all petrol pumps nationwide must supply E20 petrol containing up to 20% ethanol.
  • E20 petrol has an octane rating of about 95 RON compared to regular petrol’s 91–92 RON, allowing smoother combustion.
  • Ethanol for E20 is domestically produced from crops such as sugarcane, maize, and grains, helping cut fuel import costs and support farmers.
  • Most newer vehicles are E20-compatible, while older vehicles may experience slight drops in fuel efficiency and potential long-term wear on engine components.
  • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) quality standards apply to E20 fuel across all regions.

Similar Coverage

PM E-DRIVE scheme revised with tighter deadlines and capped incentives (End of March)
  • The Ministry of Heavy Industries issued revised guidelines for the PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) scheme with a total outlay of ₹10,900 crore.
  • Electric two-wheelers registered till 31 July 2026 and electric three-wheelers (including e-rickshaws and e-carts) registered till 31 March 2028 are eligible for incentives.
  • Ex-factory price caps for eligibility are ₹1.5 lakh for electric two-wheelers and ₹2.5 lakh for electric three-wheelers.
  • Support is capped at 24,79,120 electric two-wheelers and 39,034 electric three-wheelers.
  • The electric three-wheeler (L5) sub-component closed on 26 December 2025 after its target was met.
  • If funds are exhausted before 31 March 2028, the scheme or its relevant sub-components will close early and no further claims will be entertained.
Ethanol Blending Programme Mandates 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol with Minimum RON 95 from April 2026 (End of February)
  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) has mandated the sale of petrol with up to 20 per cent ethanol and a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95 across all states and Union Territories from April 1, 2026.
  • The mandate requires oil companies to sell ethanol-blended motor spirit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications.
  • The central government may allow exceptions to this mandate for specific regions, limited timeframes, or special situations.
  • Ethanol for the programme is produced domestically from renewable sources such as sugarcane, maize, and agricultural grain surplus.
  • The policy aims to reduce national oil imports, lower carbon emissions, and support farmers by boosting demand for agricultural produce.
  • A minimum RON of 95 is required to prevent engine knocking, which is the uneven burning of fuel that causes power loss and potential engine damage.
  • Ethanol naturally possesses a high octane value of approximately 108 RON, which increases the knock resistance of the fuel blend.
  • The target for 20 per cent ethanol blending was advanced to 2025-26 from the original 2030 deadline after India achieved 10 per cent blending in June 2022.
  • India has saved more than ₹1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange through petrol substitution since the 2014-15 period.
SAKSHAM 2026 launched to promote petroleum and natural gas conservation. (Start of February)
  • SAKSHAM 2026 is a fortnight-long awareness campaign organised by the oil industry.
  • The campaign commenced on 1 February 2026 in Chandigarh.
  • Punjab Governor Gulab Chand Kataria inaugurated the campaign and emphasised conserving petroleum and natural gas.
  • Finance Secretary Diprava Lakra underlined the role of individuals and industries in adopting fuel-saving practices.
  • State-level coordinators from major oil companies outlined activities for transport and agriculture sectors.
  • Awareness activities include street plays, pledges, and mobile vans across Punjab and Chandigarh.

Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL) Scheme Extended till 30 September

[World Trade Organization]

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Textiles extended the Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL) scheme for apparel, garments, and made-ups until 30 September.
  • The extension, effective from 1 April, follows the conclusion of the scheme’s previous validity on 31 March.
  • The RoSCTL scheme refunds embedded taxes and levies, including Value Added Tax (VAT) on fuel, mandi taxes, and electricity duties, which remain outside the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework.
  • Benefits are provided through transferable duty credit scrips or e-scrips via a digitised customs ledger system to be used for paying basic customs duty.
  • A committee led by the Department of Expenditure, including representatives from the Department of Revenue, Department of Commerce, and the Ministry of Textiles, will conduct quarterly reviews of the scheme.
  • India’s readymade garment (RMG) exports rose to approximately $16.01 billion in FY25 from $14.55 billion in FY24.
  • The Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) reported that India’s share in global apparel exports is 3%, while Bangladesh and Vietnam hold 7% and 6% respectively.

Similar Coverage

Tamil Nadu leads India’s textile exports with $7,997.17 million in 2024-25, says NIRYAT data. (End of March)
  • Tamil Nadu exported textiles worth $7,997.17 million in 2024-25, accounting for 21.84% of India’s total textile exports.
  • India’s overall textile exports stood at $36,610 million during 2024-25.
  • Gujarat ranked second with textile exports of $5,646.01 million, followed by Maharashtra at $3,831.28 million.
  • Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal occupied the next positions in the export rankings.
  • Tamil Nadu’s textile exports rose from $6,193.39 million in 2020-21 to $7,997.17 million in 2024-25, an increase of $1,803.78 million (≈29%).
Resilience & Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation (RELIEF) Scheme Launched with ₹497 Crore Outlay (Mid of March)
  • The Government of India introduced the Resilience & Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation (RELIEF) scheme with a total budget outlay of ₹497 crore.
  • The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) will implement the scheme to support exporters affected by disruptions from the West Asia conflict.
  • The RELIEF scheme covers export consignments to approximately 17 countries where global reinsurers have reduced coverage, including routes through the Strait of Hormuz.
  • The scheme provides enhanced insurance coverage of up to 100% for losses in eligible cases, compared to the standard 70-80% risk cover currently provided by the ECGC.
  • The package includes automatic extensions of export obligations and logistical support to assist smaller exporters facing high freight rates and limited working capital.
  • The intervention applies to both shipments already dispatched during the disruption window and upcoming exports.
RISA: Timeless Tribal launched to globalise tribal crafts (Mid of March)
  • Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) launched 'RISA: Timeless Tribal' brand at Sunder Nursery to position tribal crafts in premium global markets.
  • Brand name 'RISA' is derived from 'Risa', a traditional handwoven textile of Tripura.
  • First phase covers 10 clusters featuring Eri and Muga silk of Assam, Santal cotton of Jharkhand, Changpa Pashmina of Ladakh, Kotpad cotton of Odisha, Dongria and Toda embroidery of Odisha and Tamil Nadu, and handicrafts Dokhra metal art, Longpi pottery, and Turtuk brassware.
  • Designers Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla, Manish Tripathi, Anju Modi, Gaurav Jai Gupta, and Sameera Dalvi onboarded to reposition tribal products in luxury markets.
  • Initiative includes design intervention, capacity building with skill training, infrastructure development of weaving clusters and finishing units, and eco-friendly premium packaging designed by National Institute of Design (NID) Haryana.
Giriraj Singh launched Bharat Tex as Union Minister of Textiles. (Mid of March)
  • Giriraj Singh holds the post of Union Minister of Textiles.
  • He launched Bharat Tex, a global textile event aimed at positioning India as a leading textile, apparel, and fashion hub.
  • Bharat Tex brings together manufacturers, exporters, designers, buyers, and technology providers across the textile value chain.
  • The event showcases India’s capabilities in textile manufacturing, technical textiles, and sustainable fabric and apparel production.
  • It aims to foster industry-wide innovation, international research partnerships, and business linkages for Indian textile exporters.

CBSE AI & Computational Thinking Curriculum for Classes 3-8 from 2026-27

[Central Board of Secondary Education]

Key Updates:

  • Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched the CBSE curriculum on Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Classes 3-8, to be introduced from the 2026-27 academic session.
  • The initiative is themed 'AI for Education, AI in Education' and aims to build foundational digital and analytical skills among young learners.
  • The curriculum includes structured modules, teacher handbooks, and a defined assessment framework.
  • For Classes 3-5, computational thinking will be integrated across subjects like mathematics, languages, and environmental studies through activity-based learning using puzzles, games, and storytelling.
  • In Classes 6-8, students will be introduced to foundational AI concepts alongside computational thinking.
  • The curriculum has been developed by the Department of School Education and Literacy in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023.
  • Support material will be made available through platforms such as DIKSHA.

Similar Coverage

IIM Ahmedabad launches Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026 (End of March)
  • Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A) inaugurated the Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026.
  • The school was established through a Rs 100 crore endowment pledged by Grammy winner and IIM-A alumna Chandrika Tandon (PGP 1975).
  • The endowment will fund three strategic pillars: translational research, curriculum innovation, and industry engagement.
  • New programmes include a two-year MBA specialization in AI-enabled Management and executive-education short courses integrating ethics and governance.
  • The school released its inaugural research report 'Navigating the Future Trap with AI Value Compass' in collaboration with Persistent Systems.
  • The AI Value Compass framework addresses six dimensions: risk assessment, governance, data readiness, operating model redesign, workforce preparedness, and value measurement.
  • Key initiatives include an AI Ethics Lab, a Policy-Engagement Forum, and annual Responsible AI Challenge competitions.
Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launches AI-powered Teacher App 2.0 (End of February)
  • Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched Teacher App 2.0, an upgraded artificial intelligence (AI) powered digital platform for schoolteachers in New Delhi.
  • The platform was developed through a collaboration between the Bharti Airtel Foundation and the CK-12 Foundation.
  • The application covers the entire National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) curriculum from class 1 to 12, providing subject-wise materials and lesson plans.
  • The upgraded platform features more than 45 AI-enabled tools designed to assist in lesson preparation, student engagement, and classroom assessments.
  • The current version expands upon the earlier iteration launched in 2024, which was restricted to early grades only.
PM Modi Unveils MANAV Vision for Artificial Intelligence (AI) at Delhi Summit (Mid of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the MANAV vision for Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the India AI Impact Summit 2026 held in New Delhi on 19 February 2026.
  • The MANAV vision stands for Moral and ethical systems, Accountable governance, National sovereignty, Accessible and inclusive, and Valid and legitimate.
  • Moral and ethical systems (M) signify that AI development should be based on ethical guidance.
  • Accountable governance (A) refers to the implementation of transparent rules and robust oversight.
  • National sovereignty (N) emphasizes data rights, specifically whose data, his right.
  • Accessible and inclusive (A) aims to ensure AI acts as a multiplier rather than a monopoly.
  • Valid and legitimate (V) ensures that AI systems are lawful and verifiable.
IIT Madras Global launches Applied AI Innovation Centre in Dubai CommerCity (End of February)
  • IIT Madras Global Research Foundation will establish its inaugural Applied Artificial Intelligence Innovation Centre at Dubai CommerCity.
  • MCA Gulf is the partner for the centre.
  • The centre will initially onboard six early-stage applied AI startups backed by IIT Madras Global.
  • The combined valuation of the six startups is estimated near USD 118 million.
  • Projections indicate nearly USD 281 million in revenue over five years.
  • Details of the centre’s formation were announced during WORLDEF Dubai 2026.
  • Prof. Raghunathan Rengaswamy, dean of Global Engagement at IIT Madras, stated the facility will scale academic research into industry adoption and advance responsible, people-oriented AI design.
  • The centre will focus on local product development, solution deployment, intellectual property creation, and collaboration with government entities, industry stakeholders, and innovation ecosystem partners.
  • Amna Lootah, Director-General of Dubai CommerCity and Dubai Airport Freezone, said the partnership reinforces Dubai’s role as a digital trade and advanced technologies hub.

DoT extends SIM-binding deadline for OTT platforms to December 31

Key Updates:

  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) extended the SIM-binding implementation deadline for OTT platforms to December 31.
  • The original 90-day compliance window was set after DoT issued directions on November 28, 2025, under the Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024.
  • The mandate for automatic six-hour logout and QR-code re-authentication on web and desktop sessions has been withdrawn; a risk-based termination approach for suspected fraud cases is now adopted.
  • Platforms including WhatsApp, Telegram, Snapchat, Signal, and Arattai cited technical readiness timelines of October-November 2026 for full SIM-binding across Android and Apple ecosystems.

Similar Coverage

United States Department of State launches $200 million Edge AI Package for Indo-Pacific (End of February)
  • The United States Department of State (US State Department) announced the Edge AI Package on 19 February 2026.
  • The programme offers up to $200 million in competitive funding to support secure and affordable smartphones across the Indo-Pacific region.
  • It is framed within the broader Pax Silica strategy launched in December 2025 to secure global AI and semiconductor supply chains.
  • Pax Silica reportedly includes the United States, Japan and South Korea, with India set to join on 20 February 2026.
  • Proposals are invited from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for distributing low-cost, AI-ready smartphones in designated Indo-Pacific countries.
  • Interested parties must email EdgeAI@state.gov to request technical requirements and the submission window remains open for 90 days.
Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Launches 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026 (End of March)
  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications has launched the second edition of the 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026.
  • The initiative is organised under the 100 5G Use Case Labs Initiative to develop scalable solutions using 5G and allied technologies.
  • The hackathon is open to students, start-ups, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and independent innovators across India.
  • Submissions are accepted from 20 March 2026 until 17 April 2026 through designated nodal centres at academic institutions.
  • A seed funding pool of ₹50 lakh has been allocated for prototype development, while the total prize pool exceeds ₹10 lakh.
  • Prize rewards are structured as ₹5,00,000 for the first prize, ₹3,00,000 for the runner-up, ₹1,50,000 for the second runner-up, and ₹50,000 for the Best Idea Award.
  • Up to 25 teams will receive assistance for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) filing to protect and commercialise their solutions.
  • Final results will be announced on 1 October 2026, and winners will showcase their innovations at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026.
  • Focus areas include 5G Advanced, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), 5G RedCap (Reduced Capability), Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN).
Cabinet Extends IVFRT 3.0 Scheme with ₹1,800 Crore Outlay (End of March)
  • The Union Cabinet approved the continuation of the Immigration, Visa, Foreigners Registration and Tracking (IVFRT) scheme for a period of five years starting from 1 April 2026.
  • The project has been allocated a total budget outlay of ₹1,800 crore to modernise immigration processes and strengthen border management.
  • The extension follows the enactment of the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, to create a technologically advanced immigration ecosystem.
  • The IVFRT 3.0 phase will focus on three primary areas: emerging technology innovations, transformation of core infrastructure, and optimisation of technology-enabled service delivery.
  • The modernisation drive includes the implementation of mobile-based services, self-service kiosks, and automated e-gates under the Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme.
  • The digital platform currently spans 117 immigration posts, 15 Foreigners Regional Registration Offices (FRRO), and 854 district-level registration authorities across India.
  • The system has enabled a 100% contactless visa process and reduced average passenger clearance time at checkpoints to approximately 2.5-3 minutes.
  • Over 91% of e-visa applications have been processed within 72 hours under the existing framework, which now provides more than 30 immigration-related services.
Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) hosts Demo Day for Cohort-II of Samarth Incubation Program (Mid of March)
  • The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), an autonomous R&D institution under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), hosted the Demo Day for Cohort-II of the Samarth Incubation Program in New Delhi.
  • Launched in March 2025, the Samarth program supports up to 36 startups across two cohorts in areas such as 5G/6G technologies, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and quantum technologies.
  • Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) and TiE (The Indus Entrepreneurs) serve as the implementation partners for this telecom and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector incubation initiative.
  • Selected startups are provided with a financial grant of ₹5 lakh, fully furnished office space, and access to C-DOT lab facilities at its Delhi and Bengaluru campuses.
  • The five startups selected for the Stage-II grant under Cohort-II are Huebits Tech Private Limited, Khageshvara Aviation Technology Private Limited, Xpectro Solutions (OPC) Private Limited, Zepto Logic Technologies Private Limited, and Vocbot.Ai Technology Private Limited.
  • Startups progressing through the program qualify for additional financial support and potential partnerships through the C-DOT Collaborative Research Program (CCRP).

Myanmar coup leader Min Aung Hlaing elected president by pro-military parliament

[Myanmar]

Key Updates:

  • Senior General Min Aung Hlaing won 429 of 584 parliamentary votes cast to become Myanmar’s president.
  • The vote took place in the pro-military parliament on Friday, as confirmed by combined-house speaker Aung Lin Dwe.
  • Min Aung Hlaing led the 2021 coup that ousted Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi.
  • The pro-military Union Solidarity and Development Party secured over 80 percent of contested seats in the December–January election.
  • Armed-forces members occupy 25 percent of unelected parliamentary seats.
  • Ye Win Oo, former intelligence chief, succeeded Min Aung Hlaing as commander-in-chief on Monday.
  • China congratulated Min Aung Hlaing and pledged high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

Similar Coverage

Uchral Nyam-Osor elected Prime Minister of Mongolia (Start of April)
  • Uchral Nyam-Osor secured 88 of 107 parliamentary votes in Ulaanbaatar to become Prime Minister.
  • He is the third person to hold the post in Mongolia within a year.
  • His stated agenda centres on ensuring citizens gain greater benefits from mining projects.
India acknowledges covert Myanmar operation in July 2025 through Shaurya Chakra citation (End of January)
  • Shaurya Chakra citation formally acknowledged an Indian Army covert operation inside Myanmar between 11 and 13 July 2025.
  • Lieutenant Colonel Ghatage Aditya Shrikumar of 21 Para (Special Forces) received the award for planning and leading the precision strike.
  • The operation destroyed a fortified militant camp and eliminated nine armed cadres, including senior leaders of an anti-national group.
  • United Liberation Front of Asom (Independent) (ULFA-I) had alleged that three of its top leaders were killed in drone and missile strikes in Myanmar’s Sagaing region in July 2025.
  • ULFA-I operates mobile camps along the 1,600-kilometre Indo-Myanmar border and seeks a sovereign Assam through armed struggle.
Anutin Charnvirakul Wins Thailand General Election as Prime Minister (Start of February)
  • Anutin Charnvirakul and the Bhumjaithai Party secured a victory in the Thailand general election held on 8 February 2026.
  • The Bhumjaithai Party won approximately 192 seats in the 500-member House of Representatives, according to preliminary results from the Election Commission (EC).
  • Anutin Charnvirakul assumed the role of Prime Minister following the ousting of Paetongtarn Shinawatra of the Pheu Thai party over a border crisis with Cambodia.
  • The People's Party, led by Natthaphong Rueangpanyawut, secured 117 seats and announced it would serve as the opposition.
  • A survey conducted by the National Institute for Development Administration (NIDA) correctly projected the Bhumjaithai Party as the winner of the election.
  • Voters also approved a referendum to replace the 2017 military-backed constitution by a margin of nearly two to one.
  • The Bhumjaithai Party campaign included pledges to implement a consumer subsidy programme and cancel a maritime claims agreement with Cambodia.
Tarique Rahman sworn-in as Prime Minister of Bangladesh. (Mid of February)
  • Tarique Rahman took oath as Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 17 February at the South Plaza of the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • President Mohammed Shahabuddin administered the oath to Tarique Rahman and his initial cabinet.
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) won over 200 of the 300 seats in the 12 February parliamentary elections.
  • Om Birla, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (India), attended the ceremony and handed over Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s personal letter to Tarique Rahman.
  • Other foreign attendees included Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, Pakistan Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal, Nepal Foreign Minister Bala Nanda Sharma, Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu, Sri Lanka Health Minister Nalinda Jayatissa, and UK Indo-Pacific Under Secretary Seema Malhotra.

Indian Navy launches Indian Ocean Ship SAGAR with 16 friendly nations

Key Updates:

  • INS Sunayna, an Offshore Patrol Vessel of the Indian Navy, set sail from Mumbai as Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR.
  • Sanjay Seth, Minister of State for Defence, flagged off the ship carrying naval personnel from India and sixteen maritime forces of Friendly Foreign Countries (FFCs).
  • IOS SAGAR harbour phase was completed from March 16-29, and the sea phase runs from April 2 to May 20 across the South-Eastern Indian Ocean Region.
  • Port calls during deployment include Colombo (Sri Lanka), Phuket (Thailand), Jakarta (Indonesia), Singapore, Chittagong (Bangladesh), Yangon (Myanmar), Male (Maldives), and Kochi (India).
  • Training modules cover seamanship, navigation, communication procedures, maritime safety, firefighting, damage control, VBSS operations, and advanced bridgemanship.

Similar Coverage

India hosts Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) maritime exercise IMEX TTX 26 in Kochi (End of March)
  • Indian Navy hosted the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) maritime exercise at Maritime Warfare Centre of Southern Naval Command in Kochi last Friday.
  • The exercise brought together delegates from IONS member navies to deliberate on evolving non-traditional maritime security challenges in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
  • Participating countries included Bangladesh, France, Indonesia, Kenya, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Timor-Leste.
  • India assumed the IONS chairmanship for the 2026–2028 cycle after a gap of 16 years.
  • IMEX TTX 2026 marks a key milestone in strengthening regional maritime leadership.
India flags off INS Sagardhwani for Sagar Maitri V oceanographic mission (End of January)
  • INS Sagardhwani, India's oceanographic research vessel under the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) of DRDO, was flagged off for the fifth edition of the Sagar Maitri (SM-5) initiative from Southern Naval Command, Kochi.
  • Sagar Maitri is a flagship collaborative initiative of the Indian Navy and DRDO, aligned with the Government of India's vision of 'Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions (MAHASAGAR)'.
  • The initiative seeks to build sustained scientific collaboration with eight Indian Ocean Rim countries: Oman, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Myanmar.
  • Under the Sagar Maitri programme, INS Sagardhwani will retrace the historic routes of INS Kistna, which participated in the International Indian Ocean Expedition during 1962-65.
  • The ongoing mission marks the launch of collaborative oceanographic studies with the Maldives, enabling joint research and professional exchanges among scientists from IOR nations.
Indian Navy ships on standby for HADR operations under Operation Sankalp. (Start of March)
  • Indian Navy ships deployed under Operation Sankalp in the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Oman are on standby for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations.
  • Operation Sankalp was initiated in 2019 to safeguard Indian-flagged vessels and ensure maritime security amid rising threats to commercial shipping.
  • Two Indian Navy ships, a frigate and a destroyer, are currently deployed for anti-piracy operations and the safety of merchant vessels.
  • INS Surat is presently in Bahrain as part of a regional maritime security engagement.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) meeting on March 1, 2026, to review the West Asia conflict and its implications for India.
  • The CCS meeting was attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, Home Minister Amit Shah, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, and Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman.
India commissions first indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft INS Arnala (Start of February)
  • INS Arnala, the Indian Navy’s first indigenously designed and built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC), was commissioned into the Eastern Naval Command at Visakhapatnam on 18 June 2025.
  • The 77-metre, 1,490-tonne vessel was designed and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) under a Ministry of Defence programme and incorporates over 80 per cent indigenous content.
  • Powered by a diesel engine–waterjet propulsion system, INS Arnala is the largest Indian naval warship using this technology, enabling high manoeuvrability and shallow-draught operations.
  • The warship is equipped with advanced underwater sensors, mine-laying capability, modern command-and-control systems and stealth features to reduce radar, acoustic and infrared signatures.
  • Named after Arnala Fort off Vasai, Maharashtra, the vessel is optimised for coastal anti-submarine warfare, underwater surveillance, search and rescue, and Low Intensity Maritime Operations.

UN Security Council postpones vote on Strait of Hormuz defensive force resolution

[UNSC]

Key Updates:

  • The UN Security Council (UNSC) postponed a scheduled Friday vote on a draft resolution brought by Bahrain to authorise defensive force to protect shipping in the Strait of Hormuz from Iranian attacks.
  • The postponement was due to the United Nations observing Good Friday as a public holiday.
  • No new date for the vote has been announced, though it is now expected on Saturday.
  • Bahrain, which currently holds the rotating presidency of the UNSC, submitted the draft resolution.
  • The final draft authorises countries to use all defensive means necessary in the Strait of Hormuz and adjacent waters for at least six months to secure passage and deter interference with international navigation.
  • Russia, China and France, all veto-wielding members of the 15-member UNSC, had expressed opposition to approving the use of force.

Similar Coverage

United Nations establishes Task Force on Strait of Hormuz disruptions (End of March)
  • United Nations (UN) Secretary-General created a Task Force led by Under-Secretary-General Jorge Moreira da Silva, Executive Director of United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS).
  • The Task Force includes representatives from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Maritime Organization (IMO), and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
  • The mechanism aims to facilitate fertilizer trade and related raw materials movement through the Strait of Hormuz.
  • The initiative draws on previous UN mechanisms: UN Verification, Inspection and Monitoring Mechanism for Yemen (UNVIM), Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI), and UN2720 Mechanism for Gaza.
India cosponsors UNSC resolution condemning Iran's attacks on GCC and Jordan (Mid of March)
  • India joined more than 130 countries in co-sponsoring the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution led by Bahrain condemning Iran's attacks on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Jordan.
  • The 15-member UNSC adopted the resolution with 13 votes in favour, none against, while China and Russia abstained.
  • The resolution condemned in the strongest terms Iran's attacks on Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan, calling them a breach of international law.
  • It demanded the immediate cessation of all attacks by Iran against GCC countries and Jordan and warned against threats to close the Strait of Hormuz.
  • The resolution expressed solidarity with affected countries and their people, especially regarding attacks on residential areas and civilian infrastructure.
  • US Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz stated the resolution was a direct condemnation of the Iranian regime by Gulf countries and accused Iran of targeting civilian populations.
  • Iran's Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani, criticised the resolution as unjust and unlawful, alleging US and Israeli strikes had killed over 1,348 civilians and damaged nearly 19,734 civilian sites since 28 February.
Indian Navy launches Operation Urja Suraksha on 26 March 2026 to secure vessels in Strait of Hormuz (End of March)
  • The Indian Navy (IN) launched Operation Urja Suraksha to ensure the safe passage of India-bound cargo vessels through the Strait of Hormuz amid the West Asia conflict.
  • More than five frontline warships, including destroyers and frigates, have been deployed to escort merchant vessels carrying crude oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
  • The operation provides real-time navigation guidance and layered security for vessels moving from the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea via the Gulf of Oman.
  • Merchant vessels are advised to display their Indian status through the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to avoid being targeted in the high-tension zone.
  • The IN is coordinating with the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and the Directorate of Naval Operations to monitor maritime traffic and conduct ground assessments.
  • LPG carriers Pine Gas and Jag Vasant, carrying a combined 92,000 tonnes of cargo, successfully navigated the strait under this operation.
  • Other vessels that previously crossed the chokepoint under naval presence include the LPG carriers Shivalik and Nanda Devi, and the crude oil tanker Jag Laadki.
  • The Iranian government has permitted the transit of non-hostile ships from friendly nations, specifically naming India, China, Russia, Pakistan, Iraq, and Bangladesh.
India abstains from United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution on 4th anniversary of Russia-Ukraine war (End of February)
  • India and 50 other countries abstained from a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) draft resolution calling for an immediate, full, and unconditional ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine.
  • Titled Support for Lasting Peace in Ukraine, the resolution was adopted by the 193 members of the UNGA on February 24, 2026, marking four years of the conflict.
  • The resolution received 107 votes in favour, 12 against, and 51 abstentions.
  • The draft was introduced by Ukraine along with Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the United States (US).
  • The resolution reaffirmed support for the sovereignty, independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders, including territorial waters.
  • It urged the full exchange of prisoners of war and the return of all unlawfully detained persons and deported civilians, including children.
  • The document expressed deep concern over intensified attacks by Russia on civilians, civilian infrastructure, and critical energy facilities in Ukraine.

India dispatches 1,000 tonnes of rice to Burkina Faso amid humanitarian crisis

[Burkina Faso]

Key Updates:

  • India sent 1,000 metric tonnes of rice to Burkina Faso as humanitarian assistance, announced Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal.
  • The consignment aims to support food security for vulnerable communities and internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso.
  • Burkina Faso, a landlocked West African nation, faces one of the world's most neglected humanitarian crises due to insecurity and adverse climatic conditions.
  • United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) reports at least 4.5 million people in Burkina Faso need humanitarian assistance in 2026.
  • Over two million people have been displaced by years of insecurity, though more than 1.1 million internally displaced persons had returned to their communities by 31 October 2025.
  • Burkina Faso's military junta banned all political parties in January, suspending their activities since the 2022 coup.
  • Suspected jihadists killed at least 12 civilians in a March village attack, as the country combats violence linked to Al-Qaeda and Islamic State groups.

Similar Coverage

India dispatches 1,000 metric tonnes of rice to drought-hit Malawi on March 9 (Start of March)
  • India dispatched 1,000 metric tonnes of rice to Malawi from Nhava Sheva Port on March 9.
  • The humanitarian aid responds to drought caused by the El Niño effect.
  • Over 4 million people, roughly 20 per cent of Malawi’s population, face acute food shortages.
  • Lake Chilwa and other major water bodies have dried up, prompting Malawi to declare a state of disaster.
  • Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal announced the dispatch on X.
  • President Droupadi Murmu undertook a State visit to Malawi in 2024 and signed MoUs on arts and culture, youth matters, sports and pharmaceutical cooperation.
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) facilitates export of 25 metric tonnes of GI-tagged Joha rice from Assam to UK and Italy. (Mid of March)
  • Assam exported 25 metric tonnes of GI-tagged Joha rice to the United Kingdom and Italy.
  • The export was facilitated by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in collaboration with the Assam state agriculture department.
  • Joha rice received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2017.
  • Earlier consignments of Joha rice were exported to Vietnam and five West Asian countries: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia.
  • One metric tonne was exported to Vietnam and two metric tonnes each to Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia.
  • The consignment will be transported to Kolkata by road and then shipped to Europe.
India slashes Chabahar Port aid to zero in Union Budget 2026-27 (Start of February)
  • Union Budget 2026-27 allocated ₹0 to Iran’s Chabahar Port, down from ₹400 crore in FY 2024-25 and ₹100 crore initially in FY 2025-26.
  • US sanctions on Iran and a potential 25% tariff warning from the Trump administration influenced the funding pause.
  • India holds a six-month US exemption for Chabahar Port participation ending 26 April 2026.
  • Bhutan remains the largest aid recipient at ₹2,288 crore in Budget 2026-27.
  • Bangladesh’s allocation dropped to ₹60 crore in Budget 2026-27 after being revised to ₹34 crore in FY 2025-26.
  • Maldives received ₹550 crore, Sri Lanka ₹400 crore, Nepal ₹800 crore, Myanmar ₹300 crore, Afghanistan ₹150 crore, Mongolia ₹25 crore, African countries ₹225 crore, Mauritius ₹550 crore, and Seychelles ₹19 crore under Aid to Countries in Budget 2026-27.
  • Total Aid to Countries outlay for FY 2026-27 is ₹5,686 crore, about 4% higher than FY 2025-26 Budget Estimates of ₹5,483 crore.
India dispatches 7.5 tonnes of cancer medicines to Afghanistan (End of January)
  • India dispatched 7.5 tonnes of life-saving cancer medicines to Kabul to address urgent needs of cancer patients.
  • The medicines were sent to meet the shortage in Afghanistan.
  • India remains committed to supporting the friendly people of Afghanistan.

India condemns attacks on United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) peacekeepers

[Indonesia, Lebanon]

Key Updates:

  • India condemned the recent attacks on United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) peacekeepers and paid homage to the fallen Blue Helmets.
  • Two UNIFIL peacekeepers were killed on Monday near Bani Hayyan in south Lebanon and two other soldiers were wounded in the incident.
  • An Indonesian soldier was killed in the intervening night of Sunday and Monday when a projectile exploded near one of the group’s positions.
  • India has around 600 Indian troops deployed in UNIFIL.
  • Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal urged all parties to ensure the inviolability of the UN mission and the safety and security of the peacekeepers.
  • UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres strongly condemned the killing of the peacekeepers and said such attacks were grave violations of international humanitarian law and may amount to war crimes.

Similar Coverage

India supports Bangladesh’s call for justice over 1971 genocide by Pakistan (End of March)
  • India on Friday backed Bangladesh’s ‘desire for justice’ for the genocide committed by Pakistan during Operation Searchlight in 1971.
  • Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said the atrocities involved the systematic murder of millions of Bangladeshi people and mass sexual crimes against women.
  • Jaiswal noted the atrocities forced millions to flee to India as refugees and shook the conscience of the world.
  • Bangladesh Prime Minister Tarique Rahman wrote on 25 March 2026 calling the Pakistani action a pre-planned massacre and one of the most heinous genocides in history.
  • Pakistan maintains that all 1971 issues were settled through the 1974 tripartite agreement signed between New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
  • Dhaka has consistently demanded a formal apology from Islamabad for the 1971 acts committed by its military.
Israel announces plan to occupy southern Lebanon up to Litani River as security buffer against Hezbollah (End of March)
  • Israel’s defence minister Israel Katz stated Israel will occupy territory up to the Litani River in Lebanon to create a security buffer against Hezbollah attacks.
  • Israel ordered all residents south of Lebanon’s Litani River to leave the area on March 4.
  • The Litani River lies about 30 kilometres north of Israel’s border and covers around eight per cent of Lebanese territory.
  • Israel has destroyed five bridges on the Litani that were used by Hezbollah to move terrorists and weapons.
  • Israeli ground troops have set up new fortifications south of the Litani and destroyed homes in emptied villages.
  • Hezbollah called any Israeli occupation south of the Litani an existential threat to the Lebanese state.
  • UN Resolution 1701, which ended the 2006 Lebanon war, required Hezbollah to disarm and withdraw north of the Litani and Israel to exit Lebanon.
  • Israel retained troops on five hilltops in southern Lebanon after the 2024 ceasefire and attacks continued sporadically.
  • Former Indian Ambassador to Lebanon Sanjiv Arora urged India to send humanitarian aid and for the UN to hold an urgent session on Lebanon.
Indonesia preparing to deploy up to 8,000 soldiers to Gaza (Mid of February)
  • Indonesia is preparing up to 8,000 soldiers for deployment to Gaza, the first country to do so as part of phase two of the ceasefire agreement brokered by the United States late last year.
  • Army chief of staff General Maruli Simanjuntak said training for the soldiers had already begun and they would focus on medical and engineering roles in Gaza.
  • Indonesia has joined President Donald Trump's Board of Peace, announced last month, which has a mandate from the United Nations Security Council to establish an International Stabilization Force (ISF) to secure border areas in Gaza and ensure demilitarisation including disarmament of Hamas.
  • The Board of Peace is due to have its first meeting in Washington on 19 February and will also oversee a new technocratic Palestinian government in Gaza and post-war reconstruction.
  • An area in southern Gaza between Rafah and Khan Younis has already been designated for use by the Indonesian army to build a barracks for several thousand troops, according to Israel's public broadcaster Kan.
  • Other Muslim countries like Turkey and Pakistan are also considering sending troops as peacekeepers only and would not participate in the planned disarmament of Hamas.
India cosponsors UNSC resolution condemning Iran's attacks on GCC and Jordan (Mid of March)
  • India joined more than 130 countries in co-sponsoring the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution led by Bahrain condemning Iran's attacks on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Jordan.
  • The 15-member UNSC adopted the resolution with 13 votes in favour, none against, while China and Russia abstained.
  • The resolution condemned in the strongest terms Iran's attacks on Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan, calling them a breach of international law.
  • It demanded the immediate cessation of all attacks by Iran against GCC countries and Jordan and warned against threats to close the Strait of Hormuz.
  • The resolution expressed solidarity with affected countries and their people, especially regarding attacks on residential areas and civilian infrastructure.
  • US Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz stated the resolution was a direct condemnation of the Iranian regime by Gulf countries and accused Iran of targeting civilian populations.
  • Iran's Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani, criticised the resolution as unjust and unlawful, alleging US and Israeli strikes had killed over 1,348 civilians and damaged nearly 19,734 civilian sites since 28 February.

India inducts third nuclear-powered ballistic submarine INS Aridhaman at Visakhapatnam

Key Updates:

  • India inducted its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), INS Aridhaman, into the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam.
  • INS Aridhaman is the third Arihant-class submarine and displaces 7,000 tonnes.
  • The submarine is equipped with eight vertical launch tubes and can carry either eight K-4 missiles or up to 24 K-15 missiles.
  • K-15 submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) have a range of up to 750 km, while K-4 SLBMs can hit targets 3,500 km away.
  • INS Aridhaman strengthens India’s sea-based nuclear deterrent and completes a fleet of three operational SSBNs for the first time.
  • India’s nuclear triad comprises land-based nuclear missiles, air-delivered nuclear weapons, and sea-based SSBNs.
  • India’s nuclear doctrine follows a “no first use” policy, and SSBNs ensure a retaliatory second-strike capability.
  • India joined the United States, Russia, China, and France as countries with full nuclear triad capabilities.
  • The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) collaborated with private firms and Russia for the nuclear submarine project.
  • INS Arihant, commissioned in 2016, conducted its first deterrence patrol in 2018 and successfully launched an SLBM in October 2022.
  • INS Arighaat, commissioned in 2024, is armed with indigenously built K-15 missiles and powered by 83 MW pressurised light-water nuclear reactors.
  • India’s fourth SSBN, codenamed S4*, is under construction and will carry additional K-4 missiles.
  • India plans to build two indigenous nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN) and lease one from Russia by 2027-28.

Similar Coverage

INS Malwan delivered: Second ASW SWC commissioned on 31 March 2026 (Start of April)
  • INS Malwan, the second of eight anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft (ASW SWC), was delivered on 31 March 2026.
  • Built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi, the vessel has over 80% indigenous content.
  • Length: ~80 metres; Displacement: ~1,100 tonnes; Propulsion: waterjet system.
  • Armed with lightweight torpedoes and anti-submarine rockets; fitted with advanced sonar and radar sensors.
  • Designed for littoral operations including anti-submarine warfare, mine-laying, and coastal surveillance.
  • Named after Malwan town in Maharashtra, associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s maritime legacy.
  • Part of an eight-vessel series: Mahe, Malwan, Mangrol, Malpe, Mulki, Munroe, Makkah, Mandavi.
  • Programme approved by Ministry of Defence to replace older Abhay-class corvettes.
Indian Navy inducts three indigenous warships from Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) (Start of April)
  • The Indian Navy inducted three indigenously built vessels — Dunagiri, Sanshodhak and Agray — from Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata.
  • Dunagiri is the fifth Nilgiri-class stealth frigate under Project 17A and is equipped with BrahMos missiles, rockets and torpedoes.
  • Sanshodhak is a Survey Vessel (Large) designed for coastal and deep-water hydrographic operations and is the fourth ship in its class after INS Sandhayak, INS Nirdeshak and INS Ikshak.
  • Agray is the fourth of eight Arnala-class anti-submarine warfare shallow water crafts (ASW SWC) built to enhance underwater threat detection and coastal surveillance.
Indian Navy receives INS Sanshodhak, completing four-vessel Large Survey Ship programme (Start of April)
  • Indian Navy took delivery of fourth Survey Vessel (Large) INS Sanshodhak on 30 March from Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata.
  • Contract for four survey vessels was signed in October 2018 and project spanned eight years.
  • Earlier ships INS Sandhayak, INS Nirdeshak and INS Ikshak were commissioned between February 2024 and November 2025.
  • INS Sanshodhak displaces approximately 3,400 tonnes, measures 110 metres in length and can exceed 18 knots speed.
  • Vessel is fitted with autonomous underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles and digital side-scan sonar.
  • Indigenous content surpasses 80 per cent by cost.
  • Keel was laid in June 2022, vessel launched in June 2023 and underwent extensive harbour and sea trials.
  • Survey Vessel (Large) class designed by Indian Navy's Warship Design Bureau and built to Indian Register of Shipping classification rules.
  • Vessels conduct coastal and deep-water hydrographic surveys and collect oceanographic and geophysical data for defence and civilian use.
  • GRSE also delivered stealth frigate Dunagiri and anti-submarine craft Agray on same day, taking shipyard's total to 118 warships built including 80 for Indian Navy.
Indian Navy receives three GRSE-built warships including frigate Dunagiri and ASW craft Agray (Start of April)
  • Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE) delivered three frontline platforms to the Indian Navy.
  • The delivered vessels include the guided missile frigate Dunagiri, the survey vessel Sanshodhak, and the anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft Agray.
  • Dunagiri is the second advanced guided missile frigate built by GRSE under Project 17A and measures 149 metres in length with a displacement of 6,670 tonnes.
  • Dunagiri is equipped with BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles and an integrated combat management system for multi-dimensional operations.
  • Sanshodhak is the last of four large survey vessels built by GRSE and is equipped for coastal and deep-water hydrographic surveys and data collection for defence applications.
  • Agray is one of eight anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft being built by GRSE and is armed with lightweight torpedoes and anti-submarine warfare rockets for coastal sub-surface surveillance and attack missions.

India and Algeria hold 7th Foreign Office Consultations in Algiers

[Algeria]

Key Updates:

  • The 7th round of India-Algeria Foreign Office Consultations was held in Algiers.
  • The consultations were co-chaired by Indian Secretary (South) Neena Malhotra and Algerian Secretary General Lounes Magramane.
  • Discussions focused on political, trade, investment, and cultural exchanges.
  • Both sides committed to counterterrorism cooperation.
  • Trade expansion was emphasised in pharmaceuticals, energy, and education sectors.
  • The meeting followed President of India's historic state visit to Algeria in October 2024.
  • Both nations pledged to collaborate across multilateral platforms such as the United Nations (UN).
  • Secretary Malhotra explored hydrocarbon alliances with the Algerian Minister of Hydrocarbons and Mines.
  • Potential partnerships were explored in Constantine's pharmaceutical and academic sectors.
  • The next consultation will be held in India.

Similar Coverage

India and Namibia hold Foreign Office Consultations and agree to deepen collaboration in defence and critical minerals (End of January)
  • Both sides agreed to further deepen bilateral ties in key areas such as health, Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), agriculture, defence and critical minerals.
  • Discussions were also held on regional and international issues of mutual interest, including cooperation at the UN.
  • The FOC was co-chaired by Janesh Kain, Joint Secretary (East & Southern Africa), Ministry of External Affairs and Ambassador Charles Josob, Acting Head of Department for Bilateral Relations and Cooperation, Ministry of International Relations and Trade, Namibia.
India participates as partner country in G7 Foreign Ministers meeting in France (End of March)
  • External Affairs Minister (EAM) S Jaishankar represented India at the Group of 7 (G7) foreign ministers' meeting held at Abbaye des-Vaux-de-Cernay, France.
  • France, the current chair of the G7, invited India, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Brazil to attend the meeting as partner countries.
  • The EAM addressed the concerns of the Global South regarding energy challenges, fertiliser supplies, food security, and the cascading fallout of the West Asian conflict.
  • India highlighted the urgent need for United Nations Security Council (UNSC) reforms, streamlining peacekeeping operations, and strengthening humanitarian supply chains.
  • The EAM emphasised the importance of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and the utility of India's free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United Kingdom (UK), and the European Union (EU).
  • India and France agreed to continue close coordination to jointly work towards ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi confirmed his participation in the annual G7 summit scheduled to take place in Evian, France, from 15 June to 17 June.
  • The EAM held bilateral talks with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan, German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha.
  • Additional meetings were held with Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand, South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun, Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, Japan Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, and Brazilian Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira.
  • The G7 comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the United States (US), and the EU.
  • The meeting acknowledged India's current role as the holder of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) presidency.
India and Canada establish India-Canada Defence Dialogue and set $50 billion bilateral trade target by 2030 (Start of March)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi and visiting Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney announced the launch of the India-Canada Defence Dialogue after talks in New Delhi.
  • Both countries set a bilateral trade target of $50 billion to be achieved by 2030.
  • A long-term uranium supply agreement was announced between India and Canada.
  • Three Memorandums of Understanding on Critical Mineral Cooperation, Promoting the use of Renewable Energy, and Cultural Cooperation were exchanged by Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Anita Anand and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar.
  • India and Canada agreed to create the India-Canada Pulse Protein Centre of Excellence in India.
  • Canadian Space Agency and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) agreed to cooperate on Earth observation and explore joint initiatives on space exploration and quantum technologies.
  • Both nations will advance cooperation on security and law enforcement, focusing on illegal flow of drugs including fentanyl precursors and transnational organised criminal networks.
  • Canada and India will conclude a new Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) this year following finalisation of Terms of Reference.
India and United Arab Emirates (UAE) strengthen strategic partnership during President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan's visit on January 19, 2026 (End of January)
  • India and the UAE aim to double bilateral trade to over $200 billion by 2032, from $84 billion in 2023–24, with focus on MSMEs and platforms like Bharat Mart.
  • A long-term LNG supply deal was signed for 0.5 million metric tonnes annually; the UAE is India’s second-largest LNG supplier after Qatar.
  • A Letter of Intent was signed to work towards a Strategic Defence Partnership Framework, covering defence industrial cooperation, advanced technologies, and cyber security.
  • Both sides agreed to cooperate in advanced nuclear technologies, including large reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), building on India’s SHANTI Act, 2025.
  • Artificial Intelligence identified as a priority area, with agreement on setting up a supercomputing cluster in India, UAE investments in data centres, and exploration of a ‘data embassy’ concept.
  • Letters of Intent were signed for space cooperation and infrastructure development, including joint space infrastructure and UAE participation in the Dholera Special Investment Region (airport, port, rail, energy, smart city).
  • A food safety agreement was signed to boost Indian agricultural exports to the UAE, alongside broader strategic cooperation during UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan’s visit on January 19, 2026.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) increases cardiovascular risk by 71 per cent

Key Updates:

  • Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) face a 71 per cent higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) or death from any cause compared to those without the condition.
  • The research will be presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2026) in Istanbul, Turkey, scheduled for May 12-15.
  • The study is a collaboration between Imperial College Health Partners (ICHP), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, and Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly).
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterised by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to reduced sleep quality and increased cardiovascular risk.
  • The prevalence of obesity among people with OSA is between 40 per cent and 70 per cent, with obesity linked to more severe symptoms.
  • The study analysed electronic health records from 2.9 million residents, matching 20,300 people diagnosed with OSA with 97,412 comparators.
  • The research is identified as the largest matched case-control study of OSA conducted outside the United States (US) to date.

Similar Coverage

World Sleep Day 2026: Sealy India promotes better sleep through science-backed mattresses (Mid of March)
  • World Sleep Day 2026 was observed on March 13.
  • Sealy, a global mattress brand with over 140 years of heritage, used the day to highlight the importance of proper support for restorative sleep.
  • Sealy India is expanding its network of premium exclusive stores across India to make world-class sleep technology accessible.
  • G S S Jagannath, General Manager of Sealy India, stated that the company’s commitment goes beyond offering premium mattresses to raising awareness about restorative sleep.
World Oral Health Day 2026: Impact of Oral Hygiene on Systemic Diseases (End of March)
  • World Oral Health Day was observed on 20 March 2026 to highlight the connection between oral care and overall systemic health.
  • Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition that can allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream and affect other organs.
  • Research indicates that individuals with gum disease may face a higher risk of developing cardiovascular conditions due to inflammation and the impact of oral bacteria on blood vessels.
  • Diabetes and oral health share a bidirectional relationship where diabetics are more prone to gum infections, and severe gum disease can make blood sugar control more difficult.
  • Bacteria present in the mouth can be inhaled into the lungs, increasing the risk of respiratory infections in older adults or individuals with weakened immunity.
  • Severe gum disease during pregnancy is associated with potential complications such as early delivery or low birth weight.
  • Preventative measures for maintaining oral health include brushing twice daily, regular flossing, staying hydrated, and attending routine dental check-ups.
Lancet Study Links Climate Change to Rising Physical Inactivity and Premature Deaths by 2050 (End of March)
  • A study titled Effects of climate change on physical inactivity: a panel data study across 156 countries from 2000 to 2022 was published in The Lancet Global Health.
  • The research estimates that climate-driven physical inactivity could lead to 0.47 to 0.70 million additional premature deaths annually by 2050.
  • Economic productivity losses due to heat-induced sedentary lifestyles are projected to reach up to $3.68 billion by 2050.
  • The study found that every additional month with an average temperature exceeding 27.8 degrees Celsius increases global physical inactivity by 1.44 percentage points.
  • In low- and middle-income countries, the increase in inactivity due to temperatures above the 27.8 degrees Celsius threshold is higher at 1.85 percentage points.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends adults aged 18 to 64 perform 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week.
  • Global data from 2022 indicates that 31 percent of adults already fail to meet the WHO physical activity recommendations.
  • By 2050, global physical inactivity is projected to rise by 1 to 1.75 percentage points due to heat alone under various emission scenarios.
  • The study identifies Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific, and the Eastern Mediterranean as the primary hotspots for climate-driven inactivity.
  • In India, the mortality rate specifically linked to physical inactivity is projected to reach approximately 10.62 deaths per 100,000 population by 2050.
  • Proposed policy interventions include increasing urban green spaces, developing cooling infrastructure, and adjusting work or school schedules to avoid peak heat hours.
BITS Pilani–Hyderabad and RMIT University develop low-cost biosensor for heart attack detection (Start of February)
  • A joint doctoral researcher from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani–Hyderabad and RMIT University has developed a flexible, low-cost biosensor for early heart attack detection.
  • The graphene-based sensor enables rapid detection of myoglobin, a protein released into the bloodstream shortly after cardiac muscle injury.
  • The device is designed to be lightweight and economical, making it suitable for portable and point-of-care testing in rural hospitals and low-resource healthcare facilities.
  • The research is a collaboration between the MMNE Laboratory at BITS Pilani–Hyderabad and the Centre for Opto-Electronic Materials and Sensors (COMAS) at RMIT University.
  • An Indian patent has been filed for the technology, and the findings were published in the journal IEEE Sensors Letters.

UK raises Newcastle disease risk to medium as European outbreaks surge

[Europe]

Key Updates:

  • The UK government raised its Newcastle disease risk level from low to medium after confirmed cases in Spain, Poland and Germany.
  • Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 and causes clinical signs ranging from mild respiratory issues to severe neurological symptoms and sudden high mortality.
  • The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) published a new outbreak assessment highlighting the growing European disease picture and the threat from migrating birds moving across Europe from March through May.
  • National Farmers Union (NFU) Poultry board chair Will Raw urged producers to maintain strict biosecurity and ensure appropriate vaccination against Newcastle disease.
  • Commercial layers, breeders and turkey producers typically use multiple live vaccines plus a final inactivated dose before point of lay.
  • The virus spreads via direct contact with infected birds or indirectly via contaminated vehicles, equipment, clothing, water or feed.
  • Newcastle disease has a broader host range than avian influenza, including pigeons, crows and gulls, increasing prevention difficulty.
  • UK historical outbreaks include over 7,000 cases from the Essex 70 virus in the 1970s, 15 broiler and turkey outbreaks in 1997 and one Scottish gamebird case in 2006.

Similar Coverage

Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) bans poultry and egg imports from 40 countries including India (End of February)
  • Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has imposed a full ban on poultry and table egg imports from 40 countries including India.
  • Partial restrictions apply to specific provinces and cities in 16 countries: Australia, United States, Italy, Belgium, Bhutan, Poland, Togo, Denmark, Romania, Zimbabwe, France, Philippines, Canada, Malaysia, Austria and Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • Heat-treated or processed poultry products that eliminate bird flu or Newcastle disease virus are exempted provided they meet approved health requirements, carry a health certificate from the exporting country’s competent authority, confirm adequate processing standards and originate from an approved facility.
  • The SFDA stated that the list of affected countries is subject to periodic review in line with global health developments and epidemiological updates.
Madhya Pradesh Government Ramps Up Detection and Treatment Following Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) Outbreak (End of January)
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a disease in which a patient's immune system mistakenly starts attacking the peripheral nervous system.
  • In GBS patients, parts of the body suddenly become numb, muscle weakness develops, and they may also face difficulty in swallowing or breathing.
  • The disease is sometimes linked to eating undercooked poultry, unpasteurised dairy, or consuming water contaminated with sewage.
  • Samples of patients' blood serum, food items and other materials have been sent to institutes in Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune for testing.
South Africa releases first locally produced foot-and-mouth disease vaccine by Agricultural Research Council (ARC) (Start of February)
  • Agricultural Research Council (ARC) released the first batch of South Africa’s locally produced foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine developed at ARC-Onderstepoort.
  • The initial batch comprises 12 900 multi-strain doses produced by the ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC OVI) Transboundary Animal Diseases Campus.
  • The vaccine is registered as a stock remedy under the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Seeds and Remedies Act (No. 36 of 1947) and meets required quality, safety and efficacy standards.
  • Local production enables faster outbreak response, closer strain matching to regional circulating viruses, and improved supply control.
  • Since 2019 the outbreak has spread to eight of South Africa’s nine provinces, severely disrupting the commercial livestock value chain.
  • Milk South Africa (Milk SA) welcomed the 12 900 doses but warned volumes fall far short of national requirements and urged rapid scale-up of both domestic and imported vaccines.

Turkey earthquake lights: USGS and NASA study rare luminous EQL phenomenon

[Turkey, Greece]

Key Updates:

  • A 4.2-magnitude earthquake jolted Turkey on April 2.
  • Glowing lights appeared in the sky shortly after the quake and are being studied as earthquake lights (EQL).
  • The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) classifies EQL as luminous events resembling sheet lightning, glowing spheres, or flickering streams.
  • Research presented at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) shows intense crustal pressure releases electrically charged particles called p-holes that ionize air to produce visible light.
  • NASA and other space agencies now track EQL using satellite sensors.
  • Studies from the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) indicate earthquakes generate strong electrical fields extending into the ionosphere via energetic coupling.
  • Nearly 97% of recorded EQL cases occur near rift zones where tectonic plates separate.

Similar Coverage

NASA-backed study reveals why long-lived solar active regions unleash stronger flares (End of March)
  • Regions on the Sun whose strong magnetic fields persist for at least a month produce more solar flares than short-lived regions.
  • These long-duration active regions are three to six times more likely to generate the most powerful solar flares.
  • The investigation used data from NASA’s citizen science Solar Active Region Spotter project that analysed image pairs taken by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory.
  • Lead researchers Emily Mason of Predictive Science Inc. and Kara Knieszewski of the Air Force Institute of Technology reviewed volunteer classifications to reach the findings.
  • The results enhance space-weather forecasting by highlighting the key role of long-lived active regions.
6.7 magnitude earthquake strikes South Shetland Islands; no tsunami threat reported. (End of March)
  • A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica on Thursday.
  • The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) reported the quake occurred at a depth of 10 km.
  • No immediate reports of damage or casualties were received.
  • The US Tsunami Warning System stated no tsunami is expected for US Atlantic, Gulf or Pacific coasts.
Piton de la Fournaise volcano erupts again on Réunion, alert level 2-1 activated (Mid of February)
  • Piton de la Fournaise volcano on Réunion island began a second eruption on 13 February 2026 at around 1:00 PM local time.
  • The eruption is confined to the Enclos Fouqué caldera with lava flows descending the Grandes Pentes.
  • Authorities activated the ORSEC Alert 2–1 protocol and closed all access to the Enclos Fouqué, including the Pas de Bellecombe-Jacob trail.
  • By 9:30 PM on 13 February, the lava front was nearing National Road 2 (RN2) in the Route des Laves area; the road remains open but drivers are advised not to stop.
  • Monitoring equipment recorded 551 volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the summit on 13 February 2026.
  • GNSS stations detected inflation at both summit and distant locations, indicating magma pressure build-up beneath the surface.
  • No significant ash emissions have been reported and no populated areas are currently at risk.
  • The previous eruption occurred from 18 January 2026 at 7:42 PM local time, triggered by a seismic crisis that began at 4:34 PM beneath the summit.
  • During the January eruption, four fissures opened between 7:45 PM and 8:54 PM along the northern flank of the terminal cone within the Enclos Fouqué.
  • Lava discharge rates during the first 24 hours of the January eruption ranged between 2 and 27 cubic metres per second based on satellite thermal data.
  • Between 21 and 28 January, monitoring networks recorded an average of about 20 shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day at depths of 1.5–2.2 kilometres beneath the summit.
  • On 6 February 2026, a swarm of 343 very small (magnitude <1.0) volcano-tectonic earthquakes occurred between 3:00 AM and 4:00 AM beneath the summit, accompanied by slight ground deformation.
Scientists use earthquake sensors to track falling space debris in real time (End of January)
  • A study led by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and Imperial College London (ICL) shows seismometers can trace re-entering space debris by detecting sonic-boom shock waves.
  • More than 120 seismic stations across California and Nevada recorded vibrations from the 1.5-metric-ton Shenzhou 15 orbital module re-entry on 2 April 2024.
  • Analysis revealed descent speeds between Mach 25 and Mach 30, altitudes of 80–150 km, and a shallow one-degree entry angle.
  • Seismic data indicated a cascading break-up lasting about two seconds, increasing chances that dense fragments reach Earth’s surface.
  • The technique, published in the journal Science, improves emergency response by locating debris within minutes rather than weeks.

ISRO Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) begins Mission Mitra high-altitude astronaut test in Ladakh

[Ladakh]

Key Updates:

  • Mission Mitra, run by ISRO's Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), is a high-altitude test in Ladakh that simulates deep-space harshness through freezing temperatures, low oxygen and isolation.
  • Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and P Balakrishnan Nair, along with two other Gaganyaan astronauts, arrived in Leh this week for acclimatisation before the exercise.
  • The programme name stands for Mapping of Interoperable Traits & Reliability Assessment and focuses on psychological and behavioural strengths rather than technology drills.
  • Scientists, engineers, doctors and psychologists support the crew during the rugged simulation that tracks stress resilience to cold, hypoxia and isolation in real time.
  • Delayed communications between Ladakh crews and support teams replicate deep-space limits and aim to boost future missions with longer orbits.

Similar Coverage

Aditya Pandya became India's youngest male analog astronaut. (Mid of February)
  • Aditya Pandya, 17, led hardware, IoT, and intelligence systems for AAKA Space Studio's lunar habitat simulation.
  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)-affiliated AAKA Space Studio conducted the mission from February 1 to 8 in Dholavira, Kutch.
  • Pandya contributed to designing sensor modules, biometric systems, embedded hardware, and modular components during a six-month development phase.
  • The four-member crew tested isolation, habitat living, and autonomous operations under Moon-like conditions using a digital twin framework for real-time monitoring.
X-class solar flare triggers severe G4 geomagnetic storm and red aurora over Hanle, Ladakh (End of January)
  • An X-class solar flare erupted on 18 January 2026, launching a Coronal Mass Ejection that hit Earth in about 25 hours and produced a G4-level severe geomagnetic storm.
  • The storm generated an S4-level solar radiation event, the most intense since 2003, and forced astronauts on the International Space Station to shelter in shielded areas.
  • Indian Astronomical Observatory’s all-sky camera at Hanle, Ladakh, inside the Hanle Dark Sky Reserve, recorded the resulting red aurora on 19 and 20 January 2026.
  • ISRO’s Aditya-L1 spacecraft, stationed at the L1 Lagrange point 1.5 million km from Earth, provided early warning of the Coronal Mass Ejection.
  • During the storm, Earth’s magnetosphere was compressed so much that geostationary satellites were briefly exposed to direct solar wind, risking communication, GPS and banking services.

TP53 Mutation Detected in 10% of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cases

Key Updates:

  • A multi-institutional study of 830 adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) patients found that nearly one in ten carries a TP53 gene mutation.
  • TP53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis and may influence future treatment strategies for this aggressive blood cancer.
  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia originates in the bone marrow and is characterised by rapid production of immature lymphocytes that crowd out healthy blood cells.
  • ALL is the most common form of cancer in children and also affects adults.
  • According to the World Health Organization classification, the two main types of ALL are B-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma and T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia.
  • Common symptoms of ALL include bleeding gums, bone pain, fever, frequent infections, and severe or recurrent nosebleeds.

Similar Coverage

Google DeepMind unveils AlphaGenome AI to predict DNA mutations and disease risk (End of January)
  • Google DeepMind’s AlphaGenome AI model reads up to one million DNA letters with single-letter precision to predict how genetic changes cause diseases.
  • AlphaGenome targets the 98 percent of non-coding DNA, formerly called junk DNA, that regulates gene activity and influences RNA splicing.
  • In a leukaemia case study, the model compared normal and mutated DNA sequences and predicted increased activity of nearby genes linked to the cancer.
  • The model is freely available to scientists for non-commercial research but is not intended for clinical use.
  • Robert Goldstone, head of genomics at the Francis Crick Institute, described AlphaGenome as a breakthrough that turns the genome into a decipherable language for discovery.
  • Ben Lehner of the Wellcome Sanger Institute warned that most existing biological datasets are too small and poorly standardised for optimal AI training.
Cancer cells reprogram neutrophils to produce CCL3, aiding tumour growth: University of Geneva-led study (Start of February)
  • Cancer cells reprogram neutrophils to produce the chemokine CCL3, which promotes tumour growth.
  • The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Geneva and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Switzerland.
  • Neutrophils, usually defenders against infection, lose their pro-tumour action when CCL3 is absent.
  • The findings were published in the Cancer Cell journal.
International Childhood Cancer Day observed on 15 February with the theme Demonstrating Impact (Mid of February)
  • International Childhood Cancer Day (ICCD) is observed globally on 15 February every year to raise awareness about childhood cancer and support survivors and their families.
  • The theme for the year 2026 is Demonstrating Impact, which highlights the accomplishments of the global community in overcoming obstacles and reducing inequities.
  • The day was first recognised in 2002 and was organised by the International Confederation of Childhood Cancer Parents Organisations (ICCCPO) in partnership with other global organisations.
  • According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), approximately 400,000 infants and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years are diagnosed with cancer annually.
  • Common types of childhood cancers include leukaemias, brain tumours, lymphomas, and solid tumours such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumour.
  • Key warning signs in children include persistent fever, unexpected weight loss, painless lumps or swelling, excessive fatigue, regular headaches, and eye abnormalities like a white glow in the pupil.
  • Other symptoms to monitor include chronic joint or bone pain, excessive sweating, and significant bruising or spontaneous bleeding on the skin.
Abu Dhabi administers UAE’s first CRISPR gene therapy CASGEVY for inherited blood disorders (Start of January)
  • Abu Dhabi marked the first administration of a gene-therapy injection for inherited blood disorders in the UAE using CASGEVY.
  • CASGEVY employs CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to correct faulty DNA causing sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia.
  • The therapy was given at Yas Clinic – Khalifa City in partnership with the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center (ADSCC) and Vertex Pharmaceuticals under the Department of Health – Abu Dhabi (DoH).
  • The process involves extracting the patient’s stem cells, editing them with CRISPR-Cas9, and reinfusing the corrected cells to produce healthy blood cells.
  • The initial phase restricts treatment to Centers of Excellence like Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) before wider hospital rollout.

BCGCL and MCL sign Odisha land lease for 2,000 TPD coal-to-ammonium nitrate plant using BHEL technology

[Odisha]

Key Updates:

  • Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Ltd (BCGCL) and Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd (MCL) signed a land leasing pact in Odisha for a 2,000 tonnes per day coal to ammonium nitrate project.
  • The facility will be built on about 350 acres of land possessed by MCL.
  • The project uses indigenous BHEL technology and is India’s first coal gasification initiative of this scale.
  • Recent Ministry of Coal policy reforms allow coal-bearing land to be used for coal gasification projects.

Similar Coverage

Ministry of Coal (MoC) achieves 1 billion tonne coal production for second consecutive year (End of March)
  • India achieved the landmark of 1 billion tonne (BT) coal production on 20 March 2026.
  • This achievement marks the second consecutive year that the country has reached the 1 BT coal production milestone.
  • The Ministry of Coal (MoC) reported that the sustained output has supported the power sector in maintaining record coal inventories at thermal plants.
  • The production milestone aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 to enhance domestic production capabilities and drive sustainable economic development.
  • The landmark was achieved despite heightened uncertainties in global energy markets resulting from the West Asia crisis.
Coking Coal Notified as Critical and Strategic Mineral to Cut Steel Import Dependence (End of January)
  • The government notified coking coal as a 'Critical and Strategic Mineral' under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
  • The decision follows recommendations of the High-Level Committee on Implementation of Viksit Bharat Goals and policy inputs from NITI Aayog.
  • India holds an estimated 37.37 billion tonnes of coking coal resources, mainly in Jharkhand, with additional reserves in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh.
  • Coking coal imports rose from 51.20 million tonnes in 2020–21 to 57.58 million tonnes in 2024–25.
  • About 95% of the steel sector’s coking coal requirement is currently met through imports.
  • The amendment adds 'Coking Coal' to Part D of the First Schedule of the MMDR Act, listing it among Critical and Strategic Minerals.
  • Mining of critical minerals is exempt from public consultation and allows use of degraded forest land for compensatory afforestation to encourage private sector participation.
  • Royalty, auction premium and other statutory payments will continue to go to state governments under Section 11D(3) of the MMDR Act.
AM Green builds world’s largest green-ammonia complex in Andhra Pradesh (Mid of January)
  • AM Green is developing India’s first and the world’s largest green-ammonia complex with a planned capacity of 1.5 million tonnes per annum.
  • The integrated project spans 7.5 gigawatts of solar and wind capacity, 1,950 megawatts of electrolyser capacity and 2 gigawatts of round-the-clock renewable power supported by pumped hydro storage.
  • The facility will be commissioned in phases—0.5 million tonnes per annum by 2027, scaling to 1 million tonnes by 2028 and full 1.5 million tonnes by 2030.
  • Green ammonia produced at Kakinada will be used globally as a clean shipping fuel, for power generation and as a carrier for green hydrogen.
Green Ammonia and Green Methanol Standards notified under National Green Hydrogen Mission (Start of March)
  • Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) notified Green Ammonia and Green Methanol Standards on 27 February 2026.
  • Green Ammonia must have total non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions not exceeding 0.38 kg CO₂ eq/kg NH₃ averaged over 12 months.
  • Green Methanol must have total non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions not exceeding 0.44 kg CO₂ eq/kg CH₃OH averaged over 12 months.
  • Carbon dioxide for Green Methanol may come from biogenic sources, Direct Air Capture, or existing industrial sources.
  • Renewable electricity used in production may be stored or banked with the grid as per regulations.
  • MNRE will issue separate rules for measurement, reporting, monitoring, verification, and certification.
  • Standards aim to decarbonise fertilisers, shipping, power, and heavy industry while boosting India’s green fuel exports.

U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) adds 40 species to global protection list at COP15 in Brazil

Key Updates:

  • The U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) approved listing 40 new species for international protection at the COP15 summit in Campo Verde, Brazil.
  • The snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), Hudsonian godwit (Limosa haemastica), great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) are among the newly protected species.
  • Representatives from 132 countries and the European Union attended the COP15 summit on migratory species.
  • CMS Parties are legally obliged to protect listed species, conserve and restore their habitats, prevent migration obstacles and cooperate with other range states.
  • A pre-summit report indicated that 49 percent of CMS-catalogued species show declining numbers and nearly one in four are threatened with global extinction.
  • A separate U.N. assessment released during the summit warned that migratory freshwater fish populations face collapse due to habitat destruction, overfishing and water pollution.

Similar Coverage

U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) COP15 adds 40 species to global protection list (Start of April)
  • The U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) COP15 summit concluded in Campo Verde, Brazil, with representatives from 132 countries and the European Union.
  • CMS Parties approved listing 40 new species for international protection, including the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), Hudsonian godwit (Limosa haemastica), great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis).
  • A pre-summit report found 49 percent of CMS-catalogued species show declining numbers and nearly one in four are threatened with global extinction.
  • CMS-listed countries are legally bound to protect at-risk species, conserve and restore habitats, remove migration barriers, and cooperate with other range states.
  • A major U.N. assessment released during the summit warned migratory freshwater fish populations are in freefall due to habitat destruction, overfishing, and water pollution.
Lt General Hitesh Bhalla signed MoU with Ladakh administration for wildlife conservation. (Start of March)
  • Lt General Hitesh Bhalla is the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the Fire and Fury Corps.
  • The MoU was signed between the Fire and Fury Corps and the Forest, Ecology and Environment Department of Union territory administration.
  • The agreement was signed in the presence of Lt General Hitesh Bhalla and Ladakh Chief Secretary Ashish Kundra.
  • The MoU was signed on the occasion of World Wildlife Day under the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection (GSLEP) programme.
Forest Survey of India (FSI) and Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N) sign MoU to strengthen geospatial tools for wildlife and forest conservation. (End of March)
  • Forest Survey of India (FSI) and Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N) signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Saturday.
  • The MoU aims to strengthen the use of geospatial technologies, remote sensing, and AI/ML-based tools in forest fire management, wildlife conservation, and decision support systems.
  • The signing took place during the 90th meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) chaired by Union Minister Bhupendra Yadav in Dehradun.
  • SC-NBWL is a statutory body constituted under the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, and advises the government on conservation and protection of wildlife and forests.
  • The committee considered proposals across sectors such as roads, drinking water supply, transmission lines, defense, irrigation, and other infrastructure.
  • The committee noted the status of key national initiatives relating to species recovery, habitat management, and institutional strengthening.
  • The committee deliberated on the dependence of nomadic and pastoral communities on Protected Areas and emphasized balanced approaches for conservation goals while considering traditional practices and socio-economic dependencies.
International Day of Forests 2026 observed with theme Forests and Economies (End of March)
  • The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared March 21 as the International Day of Forests in 2012 to raise awareness about the importance of forest ecosystems.
  • The theme for the International Day of Forests 2026 is Forests and Economies, focusing on the role of forests in supporting livelihoods and driving economic prosperity.
  • According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than 1.6 billion people globally depend on forests for subsistence, income, or employment.
  • The forest sector provides at least 13 million formal jobs and approximately 45 to 50 million jobs in informal and small-scale forest-based enterprises.
  • Mukurthi National Park, which comprises grasslands and the Shola ecosystem, is considered the heart of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in India.
  • Forests contribute to a sustainable bioeconomy by offering nature-based alternatives to carbon-intensive materials and protecting watersheds.
  • The 2026 observance aims to place forests at the centre of resilient and long-term economic planning across sectors.

Rice’s Whale Endangerment Halts Trump Gulf Drilling Expansion as ‘God Squad’ Considers Exemption

Key Updates:

  • Rice’s whale, recognised as a distinct species in 2021, numbers fewer than 100 and lives year-round in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico at depths of 100–400 m.
  • The whale feeds almost exclusively on silver-rag driftfish, undertakes strenuous daytime dives, rests near the surface at night, and is vulnerable to vessel strikes and noise pollution.
  • The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill killed a significant portion of the already-small Rice’s whale population.
  • The Trump administration’s drilling plan targets about 1.27 billion acres of U.S. federal Gulf waters and is backed by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act mandating at least 30 offshore lease sales over the next 15 years.
  • Interior Secretary Doug Burgum convened the seven-member Endangered Species Committee, nicknamed the God Squad, which can exempt projects from Endangered Species Act protections if five votes find net economic benefit.
  • The committee has issued exemptions only twice since its 1978 creation: once for a Platte River dam affecting whooping cranes and once for northern spotted owl logging that was later withdrawn after litigation.
  • Environmental groups including the Center for Biological Diversity filed emergency lawsuits to block the God Squad meeting scheduled for Tuesday, 31 March 2026.

Similar Coverage

U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) COP15 adds 40 species to global protection list (Start of April)
  • The U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) COP15 summit concluded in Campo Verde, Brazil, with representatives from 132 countries and the European Union.
  • CMS Parties approved listing 40 new species for international protection, including the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), Hudsonian godwit (Limosa haemastica), great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis).
  • A pre-summit report found 49 percent of CMS-catalogued species show declining numbers and nearly one in four are threatened with global extinction.
  • CMS-listed countries are legally bound to protect at-risk species, conserve and restore habitats, remove migration barriers, and cooperate with other range states.
  • A major U.N. assessment released during the summit warned migratory freshwater fish populations are in freefall due to habitat destruction, overfishing, and water pollution.
Researchers Document Sperm Whale Headbutting Behaviour Using Drone Technology (End of March)
  • Researchers from the University of St Andrews documented sperm whales headbutting each other using drone technology, also known as Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).
  • The study, published in the journal Marine Mammal Science, revealed that sub-adult whales engage in headbutting behaviour rather than only large adult males.
  • The observations were recorded during fieldwork conducted in the Azores and Balearic Islands between 2020 and 2022.
  • The research was led by Dr Alec Burslem in collaboration with the University of the Azores and Asociación Tursiops.
  • The findings support historical reports of sperm whales ramming vessels, such as the sinking of the whaleship Essex in 1820 which inspired the novel Moby-Dick.
Government of India (GoI) doubles fish production and creates 74.66 lakh jobs in a decade. (Mid of January)
  • India’s fish production surged 106 percent to 197.75 lakh tonnes in FY 2024–25 from 95.79 lakh tonnes in FY 2013–14.
  • Average aquaculture productivity improved to 4.77 tonnes per hectare.
  • India is now the world’s second-largest fish producer and leads in shrimp production and exports.
  • Seafood exports reached 16.98 lakh tonnes worth Rs 62,408 crore in 2023–24.
  • Government approved projects worth Rs 32,723 crore under PMMSY, PMMKSSY, FIDF and Blue Revolution since 2014–15, with total investments of Rs 38,572 crore.
  • 74.66 lakh direct and indirect jobs created under various fisheries schemes since 2014–15.
  • 34.71 lakh fishers covered under group accident insurance.
  • 4.49 lakh Kisan Credit Cards worth Rs 3,569.60 crore issued to fishers.
  • 4.33 lakh fisher families receive nutritional support during lean fishing periods.
Rising CO₂ drives hypercapnic hypoxia in mangrove estuaries, endangering global fish nurseries (End of March)
  • Hypercapnic hypoxia—high CO₂ and low oxygen—now occurs mildly 34–43% of the time and severely 6–32% of the time across 23 assessed mangrove sites.
  • Climate change will lower oxygen by 5–35% and raise CO₂ by 8–60% in mangrove waters by 2100, making events 15 times more frequent under extreme scenarios.
  • By 2100, 78% of sites will face mild hypoxia lasting 12–24 consecutive hours during heatwaves, while Amazon mangroves may experience hypercapnia 100% of the time.
  • A 10°C temperature rise (20°C to 30°C) cuts dissolved oxygen by 30% and boosts CO₂ by 50%, shrinking safe nursery windows for fish.
  • Commercially valuable species—common silver-biddy (Gerres oyena), silver grunt (Pomadasys argenteus), pink ear emperor (Lethrinus lentjan), and Indian goatfish (Parupeneus indicus)—are among the low-tolerance fish at risk.
  • Mangroves support ~20,000 extra fish per hectare per year worth $10 million and provide livelihoods for ~4 million fishers, mainly in Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania.

7.4 magnitude earthquake strikes near Ternate, Indonesia; tsunami waves recorded, one fatality reported.

[Indonesia]

Key Updates:

  • A 7.4 magnitude earthquake struck Indonesia at 06:48 local time on Thursday, with epicentre roughly 120 km from Ternate.
  • The United States Geological Survey (USGS) initially estimated the quake at magnitude 7.8 and located it in the Molucca Sea.
  • Indonesia’s Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency reported tsunami wave heights of 20 cm in Bitung and 30 cm in West Halmahera.
  • The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) recorded 5 cm waves in Davao, southern Philippines, and lifted the wider tsunami threat about three hours after the quake.
  • One person was killed and several houses and buildings were damaged, according to officials quoted by the Associated Press (AP).

Similar Coverage

6.7 magnitude earthquake strikes South Shetland Islands; no tsunami threat reported. (End of March)
  • A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica on Thursday.
  • The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) reported the quake occurred at a depth of 10 km.
  • No immediate reports of damage or casualties were received.
  • The US Tsunami Warning System stated no tsunami is expected for US Atlantic, Gulf or Pacific coasts.
Chile Declares State of Catastrophe in Ñuble and Biobío Regions (Mid of January)
  • Chilean President Gabriel Boric declared a state of catastrophe in the regions of Ñuble and Biobío.
  • The wildfires have killed at least 16 people and forced the evacuation of nearly 20,000 residents.
  • The fires have destroyed 250 homes and burned nearly 8,500 hectares (around 21,000 acres).

YUVIKA programme engages 1,320 Class 9 students across India to boost space science interest

Key Updates:

  • Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA), launched in 2019, targets Class 9 students nationwide.
  • The programme has enrolled 1,320 students, with 15% reservation for rural and remote areas.
  • Selection involves online academic screening and quiz performance followed by verification.
  • Union Minister Jitendra Singh informed the Lok Sabha that YUVIKA aims to build early talent for India’s space sector.

Similar Coverage

AIIMS and ISRO sign MoU to advance space medicine research for human spaceflight (Mid of March)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and Indian Space Research Organisation’s Human Space Flight Centre signed an MoU on Monday to collaborate on space medicine research.
  • The collaboration covers ground-based and space-based studies in human physiology, cardiovascular and autonomic regulation, musculoskeletal health in microgravity, microbiome and immunology, genomics and biomarkers, and behavioural health.
  • Prof K K Deepak explained that microgravity-induced muscle loss, bone weakening and fluid shifts mirror accelerated ageing, aiding understanding of similar terrestrial conditions.
  • AIIMS director Prof M Srinivas stated the MoU will open new frontiers in medical research and benefit patients, the nation and humankind.
  • ISRO chairman and secretary of the Department of Space V Narayanan highlighted that partnerships with institutions like AIIMS will strengthen India’s human spaceflight capabilities.
  • The MoU was signed by AIIMS director M Srinivas and Dinesh Kumar Singh, director of ISRO’s Human Space Flight Centre, in the presence of V Narayanan and senior AIIMS faculty and students.
Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) to implement three telescopes and one planetarium projects (Start of February)
  • Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced plans to establish and upgrade four major astronomy facilities.
  • The projects include the National Large Solar Telescope (NLST), the National Large Optical-Infrared Telescope (NLOT), an upgrade to the Himalayan Chandra Telescope, and the Cosmos-2 planetarium.
  • Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) director Prof Annapurni Subramaniam confirmed that IIA will implement all projects from its Bengaluru headquarters.
  • The NLST will be located near Pangong Lake in Ladakh and will study the Sun’s magnetic fields and solar flares.
  • The NLOT will be a 10-12 metre optical and infrared telescope planned for the Hanle region of Ladakh.
  • The Himalayan Chandra Telescope, operational since 2000 in Hanle, will receive an upgrade under the Budget proposal.
  • Cosmos-2, a planetarium and education centre, will be built in Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, with digital projection and interactive exhibits.
  • IIA has signed an MoU with the Andhra Pradesh government for implementing Cosmos-2.
  • IIA is completing Cosmos-1, an 8K resolution LED dome planetarium and research training centre in Mysuru, Karnataka.
DBT-ISRO MoU pushes India into space biotechnology and space medicine. (End of February)
  • An MoU between the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has formally entered India into space biotechnology and space medicine.
  • Biotechnology experiments conducted in space missions include studies related to life sciences and muscle physiology.
  • The GenomeIndia Project has released whole genome sequencing data of 10,000 individuals from 99 diverse populations through the Indian Biological Data Centre.
  • India’s first human gene therapy trial for Severe Hemophilia A—supported by DBT and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)—achieved sustained Factor VIII production and reduced dependence on repeated infusions.

Karnataka tops inaugural Khelo India Tribal Games

[Karnataka]

Key Updates:

  • Karnataka won 23 gold medals to finish as overall champions of the first Khelo India Tribal Games.
  • Odisha and Jharkhand followed Karnataka in the medal tally.
  • The Games were hosted in Chhattisgarh with around 3800 participants from 30 states and union territories.
  • Karnataka secured 15 gold medals in swimming alone and dominated athletics to lead the medal haul.
  • Komolika Bari of Jharkhand won the archery gold on the final day.
  • Arjun Khara of Odisha competed in the recurve men's category.
  • Nine disciplines featured, including traditional sports demonstrations like mallakhamb and kabaddi.
  • Manikanta L and Dhoneesh N were standout swimmers for Karnataka.

Similar Coverage

Chhattisgarh to host first-ever Khelo India Tribal Games from March 25 to April 6. (Start of March)
  • The inaugural Khelo India Tribal Games will be held from 25 March to 6 April 2026 in Raipur, Jagdalpur and Sarguja, Chhattisgarh.
  • Seven medal sports are athletics, football, hockey, weightlifting, archery, swimming and wrestling; demonstration sports are mallakhamb and kabaddi.
  • Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Dr Mansukh Mandaviya stated the Games expand opportunity under PM Modi’s Viksit Bharat vision.
  • Logo, theme song and mascot 'Morveer' were unveiled on 23 December at Late B. R. Yadav Sports Stadium, Bilaspur, by CM Vishnu Deo Sai and Deputy CM Arun Sao.
  • The event is jointly managed by Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Sports Authority of India (SAI), Indian Olympic Association, National Sports Federations and Chhattisgarh state committee with international-level technical standards.
  • Khelo India Games were declared an 'Event of National Importance' in 2020 under the Sports Broadcasting Signals Act, 2007.
Services beats Kerala in extra-time to lift eighth Santosh Trophy title (Mid of February)
  • Services defeated Kerala 1-0 in extra-time to win the Santosh Trophy 2025-26 final at Dhakuakhana Football Stadium in Assam.
  • Abhishek Pawar scored the winning goal in the 109th minute of the match.
  • Services received the winner’s trophy and a cheque of Rs 5 lakh, while Kerala received the runner-up trophy and Rs 3 lakh.
  • This was Services’ eighth Santosh Trophy title and Kerala’s second consecutive final loss.
Army defends Khelo India Winter Games team championship (End of February)
  • Army defended their Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) team championship title by winning nine gold medals overall, eight in the Gulmarg edition.
  • Himachal Pradesh finished as runners-up in the team championship.
  • Jammu & Kashmir clinched their first gold of KIWG 2026 through Zubaid Ahmad Lone in the men's giant slalom snowboarding event.
  • Bhavani Thekkada Nanjunda of Karnataka won the Nordic women's sprint across 1.5 km.
  • Mayank Panwar of Army was the slalom man of the Games with a pair of gold medals.
  • In the 15 km nordic skiing race, Mohammad Ali (34:21.49 secs) led Army 1-2-3, followed by Padma Namgail (34:36.74 secs) and Sunny Singh (35:16.83 secs).
  • Kajal Kumari Rai of CRPF, Mayank Panwar of Army, and Preeti Thakur of Himachal Pradesh each finished with double gold medals in snowboarding.
2nd Khelo India Beach Games set to begin at Ghoghla Beach in Diu (Mid of January)
  • More than 2,100 athletes will participate in eight different sports of the Beach Games.
  • The games will be held between the 5th and 10th of January under the technical supervision of the Sports Authority of India and national sports federations.
  • The six medal sports will be – Beach Soccer, Beach Volleyball, Beach Sepak Takraw, Beach Kabaddi, Pencak Silat and Open water swimming.
  • Mallakhamb and Tug of War will be non-medal events.

Bodhana Sivanandan overtakes Lan Yao to become England's top-rated female chess player

[United Kingdom]

Key Updates:

  • Bodhana Sivanandan, 11, tops the latest International Chess Federation (FIDE) rating list for England with 2366 points.
  • She displaced four-time British women's champion Lan Yao, 25, from the number-one position.
  • Sivanandan entered the world top-100 women at rank 72 for the first time.
  • Her family migrated from Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, to England in 2007.
  • She became a Woman International Master last year and defeated former world champion Grandmaster Mariya Muzychuk of Ukraine at the European Club Cup in Rhodes, Greece.

Similar Coverage

Chess joins Esports Nations Cup 2026 line-up (Start of February)
  • Esports World Cup Foundation (EWCF) announced Chess as an official competitive title of Esports Nations Cup (ENC) 2026.
  • Chess joins Dota 2, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, FATAL FURY: City of the Wolves, and Trackmania in the ENC 2026 line-up.
  • The Chess tournament runs from Nov. 2 to Nov. 8, featuring 128 players in a round-robin group stage of 16 groups of eight players.
  • Top four players from each group advance to a 64-player single-elimination playoff bracket.
  • All group stage and round-of-64/32 matches are best-of-two; quarterfinals onward are best-of-four.
  • Armageddon games serve as tie-breakers and the event uses Rapid 10+0 time control.
  • Direct invites use official CCT rankings with one player per nation; Titled Tuesday Spring Split acts as additional tie-breaker.
  • Cut-off date for direct invites to ENC 2026 is May 26.
  • Two regional qualifiers per region on June 6-7 and June 13-14; four players per qualifier advance, totalling eight players per region.
  • Regions hosting qualifiers are North America, South America, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East + India + Central Asia, and East Asia + Southeast Asia + Oceania, each receiving 8 slots.
  • Each nation can field up to two representatives; if one player is directly invited, only one more can qualify through regional qualifiers.
Smriti Mandhana retains top spot in women’s ODI rankings, Jemimah slips to 12th (Mid of March)
  • Smriti Mandhana retained the top spot in the latest women’s ODI batting rankings released on Tuesday.
  • Harmanpreet Kaur remained static at eighth spot in the same rankings.
  • Jemimah Rodrigues slipped to 12th position after India lost the three-match ODI series 0-3 against Australia.
  • New Zealand skipper Melie Kerr jumped five places to 11th in the ODI bowler rankings after taking seven wickets in the second match against Zimbabwe in Dunedin.
  • Melie Kerr also climbed one place to fifth in the ODI all-rounder rankings.
  • Brooke Halliday rose eight places to 11th in the ODI batter rankings after scoring 157* from 117 balls in the series opener against Zimbabwe.
  • Maddy Green moved up four spots to equal 22nd in the ODI batter rankings after scoring 67 in the first match and an unbeaten 27* in the second match.
  • Hasini Perera of Sri Lanka rose 15 spots to 28th in the T20I batter rankings following an unbeaten half-century in the third match against West Indies.
  • Imesha Dulani of Sri Lanka climbed 17 rungs to equal 72nd in the T20I batter rankings after an unbeaten 34* in the same match.
  • Kavisha Dilhari of Sri Lanka moved up three spots to 21st in the T20I bowler rankings and two places to 11th in the T20I all-rounder rankings.
  • Afy Fletcher of West Indies climbed four rungs to seventh in the T20I bowler rankings after taking three wickets in the final two games against Sri Lanka.
Aaryan Varshney becomes India’s 92nd Chess Grandmaster (Mid of January)
  • Aaryan Varshney became the 92nd Indian to earn the title of chess Grandmaster (GM) on Thursday.
  • The 21-year-old Aaryan won the Andranik Margaryan Memorial title with a round to spare in Armenia, which confirmed his Grandmaster title.
  • He drew against FM Tyhran Ambartsumian in the eighth round of the competition in Armenia to secure his third and final GM norm.
  • Aaryan, who is from Delhi, is the eighth Grandmaster from the capital of India, along with Parimarjan Negi, Abhijeet Gupta, Sriram Jha, Vaibhav Suri, Sahaj Grover, Aryan Chopra, and Prithu Gupta.
Saina Nehwal retired from competitive badminton (End of January)
  • Saina Nehwal confirmed her retirement from competitive badminton on a podcast.
  • She won the bronze medal in women’s singles at the 2012 London Olympic Games, becoming the first Indian shuttler to win an Olympic medal.
  • She won the gold medal at the 2008 World Junior Championships.
  • She secured a silver medal at the 2015 World Championships and a bronze medal at the 2017 World Championships.
  • She won the bronze medal in women’s singles at the 2018 Asian Games.
  • She won the gold medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
  • Her last competitive match was at the Singapore Open in 2023.
  • She cited severe knee degeneration, arthritis, and complete cartilage loss as the reasons for her retirement.

Good Friday 2026 falls on April 3

Key Updates:

  • Good Friday 2026 is on April 3.
  • Good Friday commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ under Pontius Pilate.
  • The day is also called Holy Friday, Great Friday, or Black Friday.
  • Catholics may fast with one full meal and up to two smaller meals not equalling a full portion.
  • Abstinence from meat is practised; milk, cheese, butter, and eggs are normally allowed.

Similar Coverage

Eid Al-Fitr 2026 expected around March 20 (End of March)
  • Eid Al-Fitr 2026 is expected to be celebrated around March 20, 2026, depending on the sighting of the crescent moon that marks the beginning of Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic Hijri calendar.
  • The first Eid Al-Fitr celebration is believed to have taken place in 624 AD and is associated with the Prophet Muhammad after the Battle of Badr.
  • Saudi Arabia announced a four-day holiday for private and non-profit sectors for Eid Al-Fitr 2026.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres marks International Day to Combat Islamophobia on 15 March (Mid of March)
  • The International Day to Combat Islamophobia is observed on 15 March.
  • UN Secretary-General António Guterres stated that the world’s 2 billion Muslims reflect vast global diversity.
  • Guterres highlighted institutional discrimination, socioeconomic exclusion, biased immigration policies, and unwarranted surveillance against Muslims.
  • He warned that anti-Muslim rhetoric and hate can lead to harassment and violence against individuals and places of worship.
  • Governments were urged to take concrete steps to address hate speech, protect religious freedom, and ensure compliance with international human rights law.
  • Online platforms were asked to eliminate hate speech and harassment based on religion or belief.
  • In May 2025, the UN Secretary-General appointed the High Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations as the UN Special Envoy to Combat Islamophobia.
Theme of the Year 2026: Assuring Sustainable Water Availability and Safe Sanitation Systems to Achieve the Goals of Agenda 2063 (End of March)
  • The African Union (AU) designated 2026 Theme of the Year as 'Assuring Sustainable Water Availability and Safe Sanitation Systems to Achieve the Goals of Agenda 2063'.
  • Agenda 2063 is Africa’s 50-year development blueprint for inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development.
  • The Theme of the Year 2026 Concept Note was released on July 11, 2025.
United Nations observes World Interfaith Harmony Week from 1 to 7 February 2026 (Start of February)
  • The World Interfaith Harmony Week is observed globally every year from 1 February to 7 February.
  • The week was designated by the United Nations (UN) to celebrate cooperation, understanding, and goodwill among people of all faiths and belief systems.
  • The Global Peace Foundation (GPF) organised an Interfaith Conclave in India as part of its initiatives to foster understanding and social cohesion.
  • The GPF conducted interfaith dialogues and service projects in Nigeria to promote the philosophy of One Family Under God.
  • The observance encourages activities that foster dialogue, collaborative action, and mutual respect among individuals of different traditions.
  • The initiative aims to build bridges of understanding across families, schools, workplaces, and neighbourhoods to create resilient societies.

Samrat Samprati Museum inaugurated in Gandhinagar on March 31, 2026

[Gujarat]

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Samrat Samprati Museum at Koba Tirth in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
  • The museum is named after Samrat Samprati Maharaj (224 to 215 BC), the grandson of Samrat Ashoka and a prominent figure in Jainism.
  • The facility houses over three lakh manuscripts inscribed on palm leaves and birch bark, representing historical, cultural, and spiritual legacies.
  • Acharya Bhagwant Padmasagar Surishwarji Maharaj spent 60 years travelling across India to search for and collect these ancient manuscripts.
  • The Government of India has launched the Gyan Bharatam Mission to focus on the digitisation, scientific preservation, and digital archiving of ancient manuscripts.
  • The museum showcases a harmonious collection of various Indian traditions, including the Vedas, Puranas, Ayurveda, Yoga, and Darshana.

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India to Send Devnimori Relics of Lord Buddha to Sri Lanka for Public Exposition from 4 February 2026 (Start of February)
  • The Holy Devnimori Relics of Lord Buddha, currently enshrined at The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, will be taken to Sri Lanka for a public exposition in Colombo from 4 to 10 February 2026.
  • The relics will be transported with full state honours aboard a special aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF).
  • A high-level Indian delegation led by the Governor of Gujarat, Acharya Devvrat, and the Deputy Chief Minister (CM) of Gujarat, Harsh Sanghavi, will accompany the sacred relics.
  • The relics will be enshrined for public veneration at the Gangaramaya Temple in Colombo, a significant Buddhist institution in Sri Lanka.
  • The Devnimori Relics originate from an archaeological site near Shamlaji in the Aravalli district of Gujarat, first explored in 1957 by Prof. S N Chowdhry.
  • The relic casket is made of green schist and features inscriptions in Brahmi Script and Sanskrit language reading dashabala sharira nilaya, meaning the abode of the Buddha’s bodily relic.
  • The casket contains a copper box with organic material including holy ashes, silk cloth, and beads.
  • According to the Press Information Bureau (PIB), India has previously conducted similar expositions in Thailand, Mongolia, Vietnam, the Russian Federation, and Bhutan.
Three-day Itkhori Mahotsav inaugurated in Chatra (End of February)
  • State finance minister Radha Krishana Kishore inaugurated the three-day Rajkiya Itkhori Mahotsav in Chatra on Thursday.
  • Excise minister Yogendra Prasad and Chatra MP Kalicharan Singh were also present on the occasion.
  • The ministers launched the official website of Bhadrakali Temple and released a coffee table book.
  • The first day featured colourful cultural performances, including traditional folk dances.
  • Various cultural, spiritual and tourism-related activities have been lined up over the next two days.
India’s first Jain Chadar Mahotsav to be held in Jaisalmer from 6 to 8 March 2026 (Mid of February)
  • India’s first Jain Chadar Mahotsav will be organised from 6 to 8 March 2026 in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
  • The 872-year-old garments of Dada Shri Jindatt Suri Maharaj will be displayed during the festival.
  • Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) Sarsanghchalak Mohan Bhagwat will attend on 6 March.
  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Union Minister for Art, Tourism and Culture Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, and Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal are expected on 7 March.
  • Punjab Governor Gulab Chandra Kataria will join on 8 March.
  • Over 150 Jain saints and more than 30,000 devotees are expected to attend.
  • The garments have been preserved in Jaisalmer’s Gyan Bhandar since VS 1945 after being brought from Patan, Gujarat.
United States Smithsonian Museum to return three ancient bronze sculptures to India (End of January)
  • The Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art (NMAA) in Washington DC announced the return of three ancient bronze sculptures to the Government of India after provenance research confirmed they were illegally removed.
  • The three artefacts include a Shiva Nataraja from the Chola period (dated circa 990), a Somaskanda from the Chola period (12th century), and Saint Sundarar with Paravai from the Vijayanagar period (16th century).
  • The Shiva Nataraja originally belonged to the Sri Bhava Aushadesvara Temple in Tirutturaippundi taluk of Tanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.
  • The Somaskanda sculpture was identified from the Visvanatha Temple in Alattur village, Mannarkudi taluk, while the Saint Sundarar with Paravai was from the Shiva Temple in Veerasolapuram village, Kallakuruchchi taluk.
  • The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) reviewed the findings and concluded that the sculptures were removed in violation of Indian law.
  • The Indian government has agreed to place the Shiva Nataraja on a long-term loan to the NMAA to be displayed in the exhibition titled The Art of Knowing in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Himalayas.
  • The provenance investigation was supported by the Photo Archives of the French Institute of Pondicherry, which provided photographic evidence of the sculptures in their original temples between 1956 and 1959.
  • The NMAA is working with the Embassy of India to finalise the arrangements for the return and the loan agreement.

MoU Signed on 4 February 2026 to Modernise Delhi Prepaid Taxi System

[Delhi]

Key Updates:

  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on 4 February 2026 between Sahakar Taxi Cooperative Limited (STCL) and Delhi Traffic Police to modernise Delhi’s prepaid taxi services.
  • The MoU covers 34 prepaid taxi booths located at 21 key points in the national capital.
  • Delhi Traffic Police will manage booth operations, recruit staff, verify drivers, ensure passenger safety, and establish a control room mechanism for monitoring and coordination.
  • STCL will handle digital integration, financial management including staff salaries, maintenance of booths, and branding initiatives.
  • As of 23 March 2026, approximately 130 personnel are engaged in various support and operational roles under the cooperative model.
  • STCL operates on a no-profit, no-loss basis under a self-sustaining cooperative framework.

Similar Coverage

Delhi govt–Bharat Taxi MoU for last-mile connectivity (Mid of February)
  • Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC) signed an MoU with Sahkar Taxi Cooperative Limited (STCL), the cooperative arm of Bharat Taxi, to roll out technology-enabled taxi services across Delhi.
  • The MoU was signed at the Delhi Secretariat in the presence of Chief Minister Rekha Gupta and Tourism Minister Kapil Mishra.
  • Under the MoU, DTTDC will act as the tourism and branding partner and will upskill drivers in soft skills and Delhi’s culture, history, and heritage.
  • Bharat Taxi, through STCL, will provide mobility services using its digital platform and cooperative driver network.
  • The initiative will introduce curated taxi-based travel products for tourists, including two-hour, four-hour, and full-day sightseeing circuits covering major attractions in and around Delhi.
  • The partnership will offer app-based booking, transparent pricing, no surge pricing, and standard safety protocols.
  • Drivers under the cooperative ownership model retain a significantly higher share of their earnings and are stakeholders in the cooperative.
President Murmu launches Pink National Common Mobility Card and three women-centric schemes in Delhi (Start of March)
  • President Droupadi Murmu launched four women-centric welfare schemes of the Delhi government at the Sashakt Nari, Samriddh Delhi programme.
  • The event was held at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.
  • The Pink National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) was launched to provide integrated transport access and strengthen women's independence and safety.
  • A scheme providing two free Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders annually to ration card-holding families on Holi and Diwali was introduced.
  • The LPG scheme involves a ₹129-crore benefit to be transferred via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) into the bank accounts of beneficiaries.
  • The Delhi Lakhpati Bitiya Yojana and the Meri Poonji, Mera Adhikar initiative were also launched during the event.
PhonePe launches RuPay On-The-Go National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) for offline transit payments (Mid of March)
  • PhonePe has launched the RuPay On-The-Go Card, a National Common Mobility Card (NCMC), to enable offline tap-and-pay transactions across public transport services.
  • The initiative aligns with the Government of India’s One Nation One Card vision to digitise public transport payments through a unified mobility platform.
  • The card functions without internet connectivity using a prepaid stored-value model where the balance is stored directly on the card’s chip.
  • Users can load a maximum balance of ₹2,000 on the card, with a limit of ₹500 for individual offline transactions.
  • The initial rollout has commenced with the Hyderabad Metro in partnership with L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Limited (LTMRHL).
  • The card is fully interoperable and can be used across NCMC-enabled public transport systems in cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Bengaluru.
  • Commuters can purchase the card at Hyderabad Metro ticket counters after a one-time password verification of their phone number.
  • The card supports transactions across various NCMC-enabled services including metros, buses, suburban trains, toll plazas, and parking facilities.
Airports Authority of India (AAI) inks MoU with Bharat Taxi for surge-free last-mile connectivity at 10 airports (Start of February)
  • Airports Authority of India (AAI) signed an MoU with Bharat Taxi, a driver-owned cooperative taxi service promoted by National Cooperative Development Corporation.
  • Services will begin at Rajkot, Vadodara, Surat, Bhuj, Pune, Aurangabad, Varanasi, Kanpur, Prayagraj, and Agra airports.
  • Bharat Taxi guarantees transparent pricing with no surge charges and operates under Sahakar se Samriddhi and Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.
  • MoU exchanged by AAI chairman Vipin Kumar on 9 February 2026.

Odisha Police awarded President's Police Colour on 90th police foundation day

[Odisha]

Key Updates:

  • Odisha Police received the President’s Police Colour, the highest honour for a police force, on 1 April 2026.
  • The award was announced by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and coincided with Odisha’s 90th police foundation day celebrated on Utkal Divas.
  • Director-general of police Y B Khurania stated the honour recognises the force’s exceptional service, professionalism and achievements.
  • Additional director-general (headquarters) Prateek Mohanty noted the award is given for maintaining law and order, crime prevention, bravery, discipline and milestones including anti-Maoist operations.

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Sikkim Police Conferred President’s Police Colours (End of January)
  • The Sikkim Police became the 15th state police force in India to be conferred with the President’s Police Colours, the highest national recognition for excellence in policing.
  • Sikkim is the third state in the Northeast region to earn this distinction, following Tripura and Assam.
  • The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) conveyed the decision on 16 January after approval by the President of India.
  • The award, also known as the Nishaan, includes a ceremonial flag measuring 3 feet 9 inches with two-inch golden fringes and is worn on the left sleeve of the uniform.
  • Director General of Police (DGP) Akshay Sachdeva stated that the recognition was based on Sikkim’s status as a peaceful state and its performance in crime prevention and drug abuse campaigns.
  • The Sikkim Police was founded in 1897 and currently maintains a police-public ratio of one police officer for every 116 citizens.
  • The DGP noted that no state police force in the country was awarded the President’s Colours for a 31-year period between 1961 and 1992.
K Vijay Kumar Conferred Padma Shri Award (End of January)
  • Former Indian Police Service (IPS) officer K Vijay Kumar was conferred with the Padma Shri award in January 2026.
  • K Vijay Kumar is best known for leading Operation Cocoon in 2004, which resulted in the death of forest brigand Veerappan in Papparapatti, Dharmapuri district.
  • He served as the Director-General (DG) of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) for two years starting from 2010.
  • The Tamil Nadu-cadre officer has served as an advisor to the Union Home Ministry on countering Left-wing extremism and as an advisor to the Jammu and Kashmir Governor.
  • Violinist N Rajam was among the five individuals conferred with the Padma Vibhushan award in 2026.
  • Other Padma Shri recipients from Tamil Nadu include Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-Madras) Director V Kamakoti, tennis player Vijay Amritraj, writer Sivasankari, and singers Gayatri and Ranjani Balasubramanian.
  • Padma Shri awardees from Karnataka include Anke Gowda, S G Susheelamma, and Dr Suresh Hanagavadi.
Sudhir Kumar and 11 Jharkhand Police Personnel Awarded President's Medals (End of January)
  • The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) announced the President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (PSM) and the Medal for Meritorious Service (MSM) on the eve of Republic Day 2026.
  • Sudhir Kumar, a Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) from Jharkhand Jaguar (JJ), was awarded the PSM in recognition of his outstanding 25-year career in police service.
  • Eleven personnel from Jharkhand were honoured with the MSM, an award designated for completing 18 years of outstanding service.
  • The MSM recipients include Inspector General (IG) Anup Birtharay (JJ), IG Patel Mayur Kanhaiyyalal (Provisions), and DSP Sanjay Kumar of Jharkhand Armed Police (JAP)-1.
  • Havildars Krishna Kumar Khetri (JAP-I), Marcus Sunwar (JAP-I), and Arun Kumar Ojha (JJ) were also named as recipients of the MSM.
  • The list of MSM awardees includes Constable Jaidev Pradhan (JAP-I), Women Constables Janet Margret Lakra and Kumudini Kujur (JAP-10), and Constables Sufal Odeya and G Wasim Akhtar (JJ).
Santosh Kumar Singh and Other Madhya Pradesh Police Officers Receive President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (End of January)
  • The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) announced gallantry and service medals for 982 personnel from police, fire, home guard, civil defence, and correctional services across India for Republic Day 2026.
  • Madhya Pradesh Police secured 21 national honours, comprising four President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (PSM) and 17 Medal for Meritorious Service (MSM).
  • The President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (PSM) was awarded to Santosh Kumar Singh (Commissioner of Police), Mithelesh Kumar Shukla (Inspector General), Awadhesh Kumar Goswami (Deputy Inspector General), and Shiv Kumar Patel (Inspector).
  • The Medal for Meritorious Service (MSM) was conferred upon Krishnaveni Desavatu (Inspector General), Manoj Kumar Rai (Superintendent of Police), Gitesh Kumar Garg (Superintendent of Police), Durgesh Kumar Rathore (Superintendent of Police), and Praveen Singh (Inspector ARMR).
  • Other MSM recipients include Rajendra Prasad Gupta (Inspector ARMR), Nidhi Shrivastava (Inspector ARMR), Sanjay Singh Thakur (Deputy Superintendent of Police), Shaffali Takalkar (Inspector ARMR), and Shriram Mishra (Head Constable).
  • The list of MSM awardees also features Shushil Kumar Choubey (Constable), Prem Kishore Vyas (Sub-Inspector), Umrao Prasad Jatav (Sub-Inspector), Mahendra Singh Negi (Assistant Sub-Inspector), Santosh Mehra (Assistant Sub-Inspector), Ravindra Mishra (Constable), and Raju Gurane (Inspector ARMR).

Vice President releases Sudha Murty’s book 'Tides of Time: Bharat’s History through Murals in Parliament' on 1 April 2026

Key Updates:

  • Vice President of India and Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (RS) Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book 'Tides of Time: Bharat’s History through Murals in Parliament' authored by Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament (MP) Smt. Sudha Murty at Samvidhan Sadan on 1 April 2026.
  • The 124-mural documentation is published by the Lok Sabha Secretariat (LSS).
  • The murals span from the Indus Valley Civilization to freedom struggle icons Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose, covering intellectual figures Maharishi Valmiki and Chanakya, spiritual leaders Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, rulers Emperor Ashoka and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and cultural landmarks like the Konark Sun Temple and the Bhakti movement.
  • The Vice President highlighted ancient democratic practices such as Vaishali’s republican traditions and the Kudavolai system of southern India.
  • He linked the Chola-era Sengol installed in the new Parliament building to Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s integration of heritage with governance.
  • Shri Radhakrishnan listed Dialogue, Debate, Dissent, and Discussion as core parliamentary democratic principles.
  • He reiterated the Prime Minister’s 'Vikas Bhi, Virasat Bhi' vision anchoring Viksit Bharat @ 2047.
  • The release event was attended by Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Om Birla, Union Ministers Shri J. P. Nadda and Shri Manohar Lal, Deputy Chairman Rajya Sabha Shri Harivansh, MPs, and senior officials of both Houses.

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Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan released 16 Publications Division books on Tamil civilization. (Start of March)
  • Vice-President of India Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan released 16 books on Tamil civilization at Uparashtrapati Bhavan.
  • The books were published by the Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
  • The volumes cover themes including Rameswaram, Sri Ramanuja, Nadukal tradition, Arikamedu, Bhakti literature, natural farming, ancient Tamil instruments, folk deities, Meenakshi Amman Temple, Brihadeesvara Temple, Manimekalai, and Mahavidwan Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai.
  • A trilingual book on Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was also released in Tamil, English, and Hindi.
  • The Vice-President highlighted Tamil freedom fighters Pulithevar, Velu Nachiyar, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Ondiveeran, Thiruppur Kumaran, Theeran Chinnamalai, Kuyili, Sundaralinganar, and the Marudhu Brothers.
Gyan Bharatam Mission launches nationwide survey to map India’s manuscript heritage (Mid of March)
  • Ministry of Culture (MoC) will conduct a three-month nationwide survey from Monday to map India’s manuscript heritage.
  • Survey teams will identify manuscripts in institutions, private collections and with individual custodians starting at district level.
  • Discovered manuscripts will be geotagged and uploaded in real time through the Gyan Bharatam mobile application.
  • The mission aims to create a consolidated database and national digital repository on the Gyan Bharatam Mission central portal.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the Gyan Bharatam Mission in the Union Budget 2025–26 and described it as the proclamation of India's culture, literature and consciousness.
  • State and district-level committees chaired by chief secretaries and district magistrates have been set up to oversee the survey.
  • Existing digitised collections exceeding one million manuscripts held by institutions and state governments will be integrated into the central platform.
Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan released coffee table book 'Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The Eternal Statesman' authored by Vijay Goel. (End of February)
  • Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan released the coffee table book 'Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The Eternal Statesman' at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre.
  • The book is authored by Shri Vijay Goel and contains rare photographs, archival material and personal anecdotes of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • Shri Radhakrishnan served as a Member of the 12th and 13th Lok Sabha during Vajpayee’s tenure as Prime Minister.
  • The release event was attended by Bihar Governor Arif Mohammed Khan, Haryana Governor Ashim Kumar Ghosh, Rajasthan Governor Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde, former Union Minister Murli Manohar Joshi, and Vice Chairman of Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti Vijay Goel.
Dr Mansukh Mandaviya releases book "Mahatma: A Great Communicator" (Start of March)
  • Union Minister of Labour and Employment and Youth Affairs and Sports, Dr Mansukh Mandaviya, released the book "Mahatma: A Great Communicator" at Gandhi Darshan, Rajghat, New Delhi.
  • The book was authored by Additional Director General Akashvani, Dr Dhiraj Kakadia.
  • The book is published in Hindi, English, and Gujarati languages.
  • The book focuses on Mahatma Gandhi's life and the impact of his communication skills during the freedom movement.