📰 Daily Briefing Wednesday, Dec 31

Daily Current Affairs: 31 December 2025

Analysis for 31 December 2025

Ahmed al-Sharaa Unveiled New Banknotes as Interim President

[Syria]

Key Updates:

  • Ahmed al-Sharaa, the interim President of Syria, introduced the country's new banknotes at a ceremony in Damascus to replace political imagery with agricultural symbols.
  • Abdul Qader Hosriya, the Governor of the Central Bank, announced that the currency exchange process will be completed within 90 days.
  • The new currency, which enters circulation on 1 January, features denominations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 Syrian pounds following the removal of two zeros.
  • Bashar al-Assad, who ruled Syria for nearly 25 years, was ousted and fled to Russia in December 2024.
  • Hafez al-Assad, the father of the ousted leader, ruled the country from 1971 until his death in 2000.
  • Syria's official news agency (SANA) reported that the new currency design is an expression of national identity and a move away from the veneration of individuals.

Similar Coverage

Syria publishes first print issue of Al Thawra Al Souriya newspaper 5 years after Assad ban (Start of December)
  • Syria published the first print issue of the official Al Thawra Al Souriya newspaper for the first time in five years.
  • Al Thawra Al Souriya means 'the Syrian revolution' in Arabic.
  • Al Thawra Al Souriya will replace Al Thawra, an Assad-era state newspaper.
  • Former President Bashar al-Assad stopped printing dailies during the Covid-19 pandemic.
  • Assad was overthrown by Ahmed al-Sharaa, former al-Qaeda commander and current Syrian President, last December.
Central Bank of Oman (CBO) launches first polymer one-rial banknote for circulation. (End of December)
  • The Central Bank of Oman (CBO) has released the first polymer one-rial banknote.
  • The polymer note will start circulating from January 11, 2026.
  • The note measures 145 by 76 millimetres and features the Oman Botanic Garden on the front.
  • The reverse side displays the Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Cultural Complex, Duqm Port and Refinery.
  • Security elements include a large transparent window and colour-shifting foil showing the frankincense tree.
  • The Central Bank’s logo on the back is printed in iridescent, colour-shifting ink.
  • The new polymer note will circulate alongside existing one-rial banknotes and remain legal tender.
  • Limited editions of 1,000 uncut sheets and 10,000 specially packaged notes will be available from January 11, 2026 at CBO counters in Ruwi, Salalah, and Sohar, as well as Oman Post’s outlet at the Opera Galleria.
Central Bank of Oman unveils new currency symbol for Omani Rial (End of November)
  • The Central Bank of Oman (CBO) has unveiled an official symbol for the Omani Rial.
  • This marks a major national milestone and standardizes the currency’s representation across financial, commercial, and digital platforms.
  • The symbol reflects Oman’s rich heritage and economic maturity.
  • It aligns with Oman Vision 2040, strengthening global recognition, investor confidence, and the Sultanate’s position as a growing financial hub.
  • Ahmed Ja’afar Al Musalmi, Governor of the Central Bank of Oman, described the adoption of the symbol as a strategic initiative.
  • The symbol will facilitate international exchange operations by ensuring the currency is immediately recognizable.
  • Its design draws inspiration from Oman’s rich heritage, linking Oman’s economic past with its contemporary ambitions.
  • The CBO anticipates that the new symbol will strengthen global recognition of the Omani Rial and support Oman’s growing economic integration with the world.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reports India's forex reserves rise to $687.26 billion (Mid of December)
  • India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by $1.03 billion to $687.26 billion for the week ending on December 12, 2025.
  • In the previous reporting week, India's forex reserves had dropped by $1.877 billion to $686.227 billion.
  • Foreign currency assets decreased by $151 million to $556.88 billion for the week ended December 5.
  • Value of the gold reserves increased by $1.188 billion to $106.984 billion during the week.
  • The Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) were up by $93 million to $18.721 billion.
  • India's reserve position with the IMF was down by $97 million to $4.675 billion in the reporting week.

Rakesh Aggarwal assigned additional charge of Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA)

[National Investigation Agency (NIA)]

Key Updates:

  • Rakesh Aggarwal, a 1994-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of Himachal Pradesh cadre, has been assigned the additional charge of Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA).
  • He is currently serving as Special Director General of the NIA.
  • The assignment follows the premature repatriation of incumbent DG Sadanand Vasant Date, a 1990-batch Maharashtra cadre IPS officer, to his parent cadre.
  • Aggarwal will hold the additional charge till the appointment of a regular incumbent or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

Similar Coverage

Aman Jain appointed as head of public policy at Meta India (Mid of December)
  • Aman Jain will join Meta India early next year as head of public policy and will report to Simon Milner, Vice President of Policy, Asia Pacific (APAC) at Meta.
  • He will be a member of the India leadership team.
  • Jain previously served as country head for government affairs and public policy at Google India and as Director of Public Policy at Amazon.
Suresh Goyal appointed as Director General of National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) (Mid of December)
  • Suresh Goyal will take over as the director general of the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) on January 5, 2026.
  • He succeeds Poonam Gupta, who led the organisation from July 2021 to April 2025.
  • Goyal joins NCAER after serving as the Managing Director and CEO of the National Highway Infra Trust (NHIT).
Justice Vikram Nath named NALSA executive chairman (End of November)
  • Justice Vikram Nath has been nominated as the new executive chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).
  • The appointment takes effect from November 24.
  • The nomination was made by the President of India and notified by the ministry of law and justice.
  • As per convention, the post of executive chairperson of NALSA goes to the second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.
  • Justice Nath is currently next in line after Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant.
  • NALSA is tasked with ensuring free and competent legal services for marginalised and economically weaker citizens.
  • Justice Nath is also in line to serve as the CJI for seven months.
  • NALSA's constitutional mandate under Article 39A is to ensure that no individual is denied justice due to financial or social constraints.
  • Before this appointment, Justice Nath served as Chairman of the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee (SCLSC).
  • Justice Vikram Nath was elevated to the Supreme Court in 2021.
  • He previously served as chief justice of the Gujarat High Court.
  • Justice Nath was part of the five-judge Constitution bench that delivered an opinion on the President’s Article 143 reference concerning delays in granting assent to state bills.
  • This bench held that neither the Governors nor the President could be bound by judicially imposed timelines for granting assent.
  • Justice Nath led the three-judge bench that modified directions concerning mass capture and non-release of stray dogs in Delhi-NCR.
  • The larger bench directed all states and Union territories to remove stray dogs from schools, hospitals, sports complexes, bus depots, and railway stations, and said they cannot be released back after sterilization.
  • Justice Nath’s bench sought the Union government’s response on whether individuals acquitted after years on death row are entitled to compensation for wrongful incarceration.
  • He authored the judgment for the three-judge bench that acquitted Surendra Koli in the sole surviving Nithari killing case.
  • The bench held that Koli's conviction could not be sustained when he had already been acquitted in other connected cases arising from the same set of facts and evidentiary material.
  • Justice Nath, along with Justice Sandeep Mehta, issued comprehensive guidelines to address the mental health crisis among students, particularly in coaching hubs.
Air Marshal Tejbir Singh assumes charge as Director General Inspection & Safety (Start of December)
  • Air Marshal Tejbir Singh has assumed charge as Director General Inspection & Safety at Air Headquarters of the Indian Air Force (IAF).
  • He takes over from Air Marshal Makarand Bhaskar Ranade, who superannuated on 30 November 2025.
  • Air Marshal Tejbir Singh is an alumnus of the Royal College of Defence Studies, UK.
  • Air Marshal Tejbir Singh has been awarded the Vayu Sena Medal 2010 and the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal 2018.

Khaleda Zia passed away at age 80

[Bangladesh]

Key Updates:

  • Khaleda Zia served three terms as Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
  • She was the first woman to lead the Bangladesh government.
  • Her funeral is scheduled at 2 pm at the South Plaza of the Parliament complex on Manik Mia Avenue.
  • India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will attend the funeral in Dhaka.
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) announced her death.
  • In January 2025, the Supreme Court acquitted her in the last corruption case, allowing her to contest the February election.
  • Her son Tarique Rahman, acting chairman of the BNP, returned to Bangladesh after 17 years abroad.

Similar Coverage

Sheikh Hasina sentenced to 21 years in prison in corruption cases (End of November)
  • Sheikh Hasina was sentenced to 21 years in prison in three separate corruption cases related to land allocations in the Purbachal New Town project.
  • Her son Sajeeb Wazed and daughter Saima Wazed were each sentenced to five years in prison in one of the cases.
  • A court last week sentenced Sheikh Hasina to death by hanging for crimes against humanity linked to ordering a deadly crackdown on a student-led uprising.
  • Sheikh Hasina fled Bangladesh by helicopter on August 5, 2024, and is currently residing in India.
  • Bangladesh has requested India to extradite Sheikh Hasina, and New Delhi is said to be studying the request.
  • Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus heads the interim government in Bangladesh, with new elections planned in February 2026.
Bangladesh again asks India to extradite death-sentenced ex-PM Sheikh Hasina (End of November)
  • Bangladesh has again asked India to extradite former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who was recently sentenced to death in absentia over last year’s deadly crackdown against a student-led uprising.
  • Touhid Hossain, who holds the foreign affairs portfolio in Bangladesh’s interim administration, said Dhaka had sent a letter two days ago urging New Delhi to hand over the fugitive ex-leader.
  • A special International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Dhaka convicted Hasina of crimes against humanity and sentenced her to death.
  • Bangladesh’s Foreign Ministry stated that India has an 'obligatory responsibility' under a 2013 bilateral extradition treaty to facilitate Hasina’s return.
  • India’s Foreign Ministry responded by saying it had 'noted' the Hasina verdict but has not commented on the prospects of her extradition.
  • Bangladeshi newspaper Prothom Alo reports Dhaka has made at least three extradition requests so far.
  • Hasina, 78, has been in hiding in India since her autocratic rule was overthrown in a mass uprising in August 2024.
  • Bangladesh will hold its first general elections since the protests in February, and Hasina’s party, the Awami League, is barred from any political activity.
Bangladesh CID declares ousted PM Sheikh Hasina fugitive in sedition case (Start of November)
  • The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of Bangladesh had issued a notice declaring the ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and 260 others as fugitives in a sedition case linked to the 'Joy Bangla Brigade' platform.
  • The CID initiated the sedition probe with approval from Bangladesh's Ministry of Home Affairs under Section 196 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).
  • The CID filed a chargesheet against 286 individuals, including Sheikh Hasina, after completing the probe.
  • On Thursday, Dhaka Metropolitan Magistrate Court-17 Judge Ariful Islam declared Sheikh Hasina and 260 others as absconding and ordered the publication of the notice.
  • Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) has concluded its trial proceedings against Sheikh Hasina, allegedly for crimes against humanity, and has scheduled the announcement of its verdict on November 13.
  • Hasina was forced to flee after the student-led uprising in August 2024 ousted her.
Sheikh Hasina sentenced to death by Bangladesh tribunal over 2024 protest crackdown (Mid of November)
  • A special International Crimes Tribunal 1 (ICT) in Dhaka found Sheikh Hasina guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced her to death.
  • Hasina was tried in absentia; she is currently in exile in India.
  • The tribunal issued three categories of punishment across five charges: two death sentences and one imprisonment until natural death.
  • Former Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan was also sentenced to death; former police chief Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun received five years in prison.
  • The court directed the government to pay compensation to protesters killed or wounded in the July 2024 movement.
  • Hasina called the verdict 'politically motivated' and said it was delivered by 'a rigged tribunal established and presided over by an unelected government'.
  • The ICT was originally set up by Hasina herself in 2010 to investigate 1971 war crimes.
  • Human Rights Watch and other critics have previously raised concerns about fair-trial standards and the use of the death penalty by the tribunal.
  • India has not responded to extradition requests; analysts say India is unlikely to extradite Hasina.
  • The interim government, led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, made prosecuting Hasina a key promise.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Injects Rs 50,000 Crore via Open Market Operation (OMO)

[Reserve Bank of India (RBI)]

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) injected Rs 50,000 crore through an open market operation (OMO) to ease liquidity stress in the banking system.
  • The RBI received bids worth Rs 1.39 lakh crore for this second tranche of the Rs 1 lakh crore OMO announced earlier in the month.
  • The inter-bank liquidity system deficit was recorded at Rs 68,586 crore as of Wednesday due to advanced tax outflows.
  • The central bank utilized a $5 billion dollar-rupee swap deal and the purchase of government securities to inject durable liquidity into the system.
  • The RBI purchased seven dated stocks, including the 6.75% 2029, 6.10% 2031, 6.54% 2032, 7.18% 2033, 6.33% 20235, 7.23% 2039, and 7.09% 2054 papers.

Similar Coverage

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Announces ₹2 Lakh Crore OMO and $10 Billion USD/INR Swap (End of December)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will purchase government securities worth ₹2 lakh crore through Open Market Operations (OMO) to inject liquidity into the banking system.
  • The RBI will conduct a USD 10 billion buy/sell dollar-rupee swap auction for a tenor of three years on January 13, 2026.
  • The OMO purchase auctions for an aggregate amount of ₹2,00,000 crore will be held in four tranches of ₹50,000 crore each.
  • The four OMO tranches are scheduled for December 29, 2025, January 5, 2026, January 12, 2026, and January 22, 2026.
  • Under the swap arrangement, a bank will sell US dollars to the RBI and simultaneously agree to buy the same amount back at the end of the three-year period.
  • These measures follow a previous RBI action involving ₹1 lakh crore OMO purchase auctions and a USD 5 billion Buy/Sell Swap auction for a tenor of three years.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) injects Rs 2.90 lakh crore liquidity via bond buys and USD swap (End of December)
  • RBI will buy Rs 2 lakh crore of government bonds through open market operations in four tranches of Rs 50,000 crore each.
  • RBI will conduct a $10-billion buy/sell swap auction on Jan. 13 to ease dollar liquidity.
  • System liquidity turned negative mid-December, driving the weighted average call rate to 5.46%, above the 5.25% repo rate.
  • Between December 11 and 18, RBI had infused Rs 1.45 lakh crore through OMOs and a $5-billion swap.
  • Power Finance Corp scrapped a Rs 6,000-crore bond sale after bids came in at higher-than-expected coupons.
  • The 10-year benchmark yield has risen 20 basis points since Dec. 5 despite a quarter percentage point policy rate cut.
  • State governments collectively raised Rs 33,720 crore through bond sales on Tuesday at cutoff yields higher than expected.
  • Bank of India raised Rs 10,000 crore long term infrastructure bonds at 7.23%.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) injects $5 billion USD/INR swap and Rs 1 lakh crore OMO to ease liquidity. (Mid of December)
  • RBI combines a three-year USD/INR buy-sell swap of $5 billion with open market purchases of government securities worth Rs 1 lakh crore to inject durable liquidity.
  • The measures accompany a 25 basis point repo rate cut to 5.25%, taking the cumulative reduction since February to 125 bps.
  • The rupee has fallen 5% this year, becoming Asia’s worst performer and breaching the 90-per-dollar mark.
  • Foreign portfolio investors have withdrawn more than Rs 1.5 lakh crore, while foreign direct investment and overseas borrowing remain subdued.
  • Currency analysts expect USD/INR to trade within the 89.40–90.95 range.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) pilots retail digital rupee crossing 120 million transactions worth over ₹28,000 crore (Start of December)
  • The retail CBDC pilot has processed more than 120 million transactions valued at over ₹28,000 crore.
  • The pilot includes 17 banks and has an active user base of over 8 million.
  • Retail e-rupee circulation surged 334% in Financial Year 2025 to ₹1,016.5 crore as of March 2025.
  • RBI is focusing on programmability and cross-border integration for the digital rupee.
  • RBI has introduced a retail sandbox enabling fintech firms to develop CBDC-based solutions.

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) records November IIP growth at 6.7%

[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)]

Key Updates:

  • India’s industrial output rose 6.7 per cent year-on-year in November, posting the highest rate of growth in 25 months.
  • Manufacturing production grew 8 per cent, the most in 25 months.
  • Mining sector growth rebounded to 5.4 per cent in November after contracting in six of the previous seven months.
  • Electricity generation declined 1.5 per cent in November compared to the same month last year.
  • Industrial production rose 3.3 per cent in April-November versus 4.1 per cent in the first eight months of 2024-25.
  • Manufacturing output increased 4.4 per cent in April-November, while mining output fell 0.9 per cent and electricity generation dipped 0.2 per cent.
  • Consumer non-durables production rose 7.3 per cent in November after falling 5.2 per cent in October.
  • Capital goods output grew 10.4 per cent, infrastructure goods 12.1 per cent, and consumer durables 10.3 per cent in November.

Similar Coverage

India's IIP Grows 4% in September 2025, Driven by Manufacturing (End of October)
  • India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) rose 4.0% year-on-year in September 2025.
  • The growth was led by a 4.8% expansion in manufacturing.
  • The data was released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
  • The Quick Estimate of IIP stood at 152.8 in September 2025, up from 146.9 in September 2024.
  • Sector-wise, mining output slipped 0.4%, while electricity generation grew 3.1%.
  • Out of 23 manufacturing sub-groups, 13 recorded positive growth in September.
  • Top performing manufacturing sectors included basic metals (12.3%), electrical equipment (28.7%), and motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (14.6%).
  • Based on use-based classification, infrastructure/construction goods grew 10.5%, consumer durables grew 10.2%, and intermediate goods grew 5.3%.
  • Consumer non-durables recorded a growth rate of –2.9%.
  • The next IIP release, for October 2025, is scheduled for November 28, 2025.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raises FY26 GDP growth forecast to 7.3% (Start of December)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) revised India’s GDP forecast for FY2025-26 upwards to 7.3% from the earlier 6.8%.
  • RBI raised Q3 FY26 growth estimate to 7.0% from 6.4%.
  • RBI raised Q4 FY26 growth estimate to 6.5% from 6.2%.
  • RBI raised Q1 FY27 growth projection to 6.7% from 6.4%.
  • RBI projected Q2 FY27 growth at 6.8%.
  • RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the policy repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25%.
  • India’s economy grew 8.2% in Q2 FY25, 7.8% in Q1 FY25, and 6.5% for full-year FY25.
  • RBI announced Rs 1 lakh crore OMO purchases and a 3-year USD/INR swap of USD 5 billion.
  • IMF projects India to become the world’s fourth-largest economy by end of 2025.
India's GDP Projected to Grow 7.2% in Q2 FY26 by Ind-Ra; Consumption Key Driver (Mid of November)
  • India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra) has projected India’s GDP to expand by 7.2% in the second quarter (July–September) of FY26.
  • The Indian economy recorded a 5.6% growth in Q2 of FY25 and 7.8% growth in the April–June quarter of the current fiscal.
  • The National Statistical Office (NSO) is scheduled to release the official GDP numbers for Q2 FY26 on November 28.
  • Ind-Ra identified private consumption as a leading growth driver from the demand side and the resilient services sector along with favourable base-led goods exports growth in manufacturing as supply-side drivers for Q2 FY26.
  • Retail inflation has eased faster than anticipated by both Ind-Ra and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • Ind-Ra estimates private consumption to have grown 8% year-on-year in Q2 FY26, compared to 7% in Q1 and 6.4% in Q2 FY25.
  • The agency stated that investment demand grew 7.5% year-on-year during Q2 FY26.
  • Ind-Ra cautioned that nominal GDP growth may have dipped below 8% year-on-year in Q2 FY26.
National Statistics Office (NSO) shows industrial production growth at 14-month low of 0.4% in October (Start of December)
  • Index of Industrial Production (IIP) rose an annual 0.4% in October.
  • IIP growth lower than upwardly revised 4.6% in September.
  • IIP growth below 3.7% recorded in October last year.
  • Manufacturing sector slowed to 1.8% in October.
  • Manufacturing growth 4.4% in October last year.
  • Electricity sector contracted 6.9% in October.
  • Electricity growth 2% in same month last year.
  • Mining sector fell 1.8% in October.
  • Mining expansion 0.9% in year ago period.
  • Capital goods sector rose 2.4% in October.
  • Capital goods expansion 5.4% in September.
  • Consumer durables segment fell 0.5% in October.
  • Consumer durables growth 10% in September.
  • Non-durables sector contracted 4.4% in October.
  • Non-durables decline 0.3% in September.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) records double-digit deposit and credit growth alongside lowest gross NPAs in decades.

[Reserve Bank of India (RBI)]

Key Updates:

  • Commercial, co-operative and other financial institutions expanded balance sheets, though at a marginally slower pace than the previous year.
  • Aggregate deposits and bank credit grew at a double-digit rate during 2024-25.
  • Gross non-performing assets fell to 2.2% by March 2025 and further to 2.1% by September 2025, marking the lowest level in many decades.
  • Capital to risk-weighted assets ratio for major commercial banks stood at 17.4% in March 2025 and 17.2% in September 2025.
  • Return on assets was 1.4% in 2024-25 and moderated to 1.3% in the first half of 2025-26.
  • Urban co-operative banks posted faster balance sheet growth, improved asset quality for the fourth straight year, and raised savings and profits.
  • Non-banking financial companies reported double-digit credit growth, better loan quality and maintained strong financial buffers.

Similar Coverage

Indian Banking Sector Achieves 20-Year Non-Performing Assets Low, Strongest Profit Surge (Mid of December)
  • Gross Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) dropped to 2.31% by March 2025.
  • Gross NPAs peaked at 11.46% in 2018.
  • Net NPAs declined to 0.52%.
  • Public Sector Banks (PSBs) reduced Gross NPAs from 9.11% in 2021 to 2.58% in 2025.
  • Domestic deposits increased from ₹88.35 lakh crore in 2015 to ₹231.90 lakh crore in 2025.
  • Credit grew from ₹66.91 lakh crore to ₹181.34 lakh crore between 2015 and 2025.
  • Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) improved from 12.94% in 2015 to 17.36% in 2025.
  • Common Equity Tier 1 (CET-1) ratio reached 14.81%.
  • Public Sector Bank (PSB) profits rose from ₹1.05 lakh crore in FY 2022–23 to ₹1.78 lakh crore in FY 2024–25.
  • Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) posted their highest ever earnings of ₹4.01 lakh crore in FY 2024–25.
  • Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) earned ₹1.02 lakh crore in the first quarter of FY26.
  • Return on Assets (RoA) stood at 1.37%.
  • Return on Equity (RoE) stood at 14.1%.
  • Key reforms include the Asset Quality Review (2015) and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (2016).
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) framework in 2025.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cuts repo rate by 25 bps to 5.25% and projects FY26 inflation at 2%. (Start of December)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Sanjay Malhotra announces a 25 basis points reduction in the repo rate to 5.25%.
  • The standing deposit facility rate now stands at 5.0%, and the marginal standing facility and bank rate at 5.5%.
  • RBI retains the neutral policy stance with future moves dependent on inflation trajectory, growth, and global risks.
  • RBI projects CPI inflation for FY26 at 2%, with Q3 at 0.6% and Q4 at 2.9%.
  • RBI revises FY26 real GDP growth forecast upward to 7.3%, with Q3 at 7% and Q4 at 6.5%.
  • RBI announces ₹1 lakh crore in OMO purchases and a $5 billion dollar-rupee swap in December to augment liquidity.
  • India’s forex reserves stand at USD 686 billion, providing more than 11 months of import cover.
  • The 10-year bond yield drops nearly 5 basis points to 6.4581% post-policy announcement.
  • RBI launches a two-month nationwide customer grievance redressal campaign starting January 1, 2026, to clear pending Ombudsman grievances.
The Banker awards Bank of Baroda (BoB) Best Bank in India (Mid of December)
  • Bank of Baroda (BoB) received the 'Best Bank in India' title from The Banker, a Financial Times publication, at the 2025 Asia-Pacific awards.
  • BoB operates phygital branches that allow customers to obtain statements, generate income tax payment certificates, update nominees and receive financial advice over video calls.
  • BoB has opened 184 new branches across India to expand reach.
  • BoB's Smart OD product provides small businesses quick working capital within 24 hours based on transaction history.
  • BoB offers liquid fixed deposits with higher interest rates and anytime withdrawal without loss of earnings.
RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra releases National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) 2025-30 (Start of December)
  • NSFI 2025-30 emphasises synergistic ecosystem approach improving quality and consistency of last-mile access and effective usage of financial services.
  • NSFI 2025-30 lists five objectives called Panch-Jyoti and 47 action points.
  • NSFI 2025-30 adopts gender-sensitive approach for women-led financial inclusion.
  • NSFI 2025-30 includes differentiated strategies for improving financial resilience of households especially underserved and vulnerable segments.
  • NSFI 2025-30 focuses on improving availability and use of equitable responsible suitable and affordable financial services for households and micro enterprises.
  • NSFI 2025-30 synergises livelihood skill development and support ecosystem linkages with financial inclusion.
  • Earlier five-year strategy ending in 2024 achieved its objectives.
  • NSFI 2025-30 framed under Technical Group on Financial Inclusion and Financial Literacy (TGFIFL).

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) grants TPAP licence to RediffPay for UPI launch.

[RediffPay]

Key Updates:

  • Rediff.com India has received final approval from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) for its Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) license.
  • RediffPay positions itself as India’s first UPI app focused on financial wellness.
  • The app will support Credit Line on UPI, allowing users to make merchant payments up to ₹1 lakh per day and withdraw up to ₹10,000 in cash via pre-approved credit lines.
  • Axis Bank will serve as the Payment System Provider (PSP) bank for the platform.
  • Infibeam Avenues reported processing transactions worth ₹8.67 lakh crore across payments and platform services in FY25.

Similar Coverage

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) approves PayNearby as Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) on UPI. (End of December)
  • PayNearby receives NPCI approval to operate as a Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).
  • PayNearby launches PayNearby Saathi app for assisted UPI onboarding via retailers and Digital Naaris, targeting financial inclusion in semi-urban and rural India.
  • The Saathi app supports UPI payments, account onboarding, bill payments, money transfers, and aggregates access to financial products like fixed deposits, recurring deposits, gold, mutual funds, and credit offerings.
  • The application is available in multiple Indian languages, integrates Bhashini for voice-based navigation, and includes an in-app AI assistant to guide users through transactions and explain financial products.
  • PayNearby operates a branchless banking and digital services network based on a B2B2C model, partnering with local retail stores to deliver financial and payment services.
  • The company currently works with over 12 lakh retail partners across more than 20,000 PIN codes, facilitating assisted digital transactions for customers in both urban and non-urban areas.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approves NHAI-sponsored Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust as Public InvIT (End of December)
  • NHAI-sponsored Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT) has received approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as an Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT).
  • The Public InvIT aims to unlock the monetisation potential of the National Highway assets while creating a high-quality, long-term investment instrument primarily targeting retail and domestic investors.
  • NHAI had incorporated Raajmarg Infra Investment Managers Pvt Ltd (RIIMPL) as the Investment Manager for RIIT.
  • RIIMPL has been established as a collaborative venture with equity participation from State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, NaBFID, Axis Bank, Bajaj Finserv Ventures Ltd., HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, IDBI Bank, IndusInd Bank, and Yes Bank.
  • NRVVMK Rajendra Kumar, Member (Finance), NHAI, will be the Managing Director and CEO (Additional Charge) of the investment manager company.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants final Payment Aggregator licence to Mswipe Technologies. (End of December)
  • The licence covers both online and physical payment acceptance modes.
  • Mswipe serves merchants through MPOS, Smart PoS terminals, QR soundboxes, payment gateways, and embedded digital payment services.
  • Mswipe’s payments business turned adjusted profitable in the most recent financial year, recording over ₹275 crore in revenue in FY24.
  • Total payment volume more than doubled year on year.
Junio Payments Secures RBI In-Principle Authorisation for Prepaid Payment Instruments (Start of November)
  • IANS Junio Payments Pvt Ltd (JPPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of FirstPay Technologies, has secured in-principle authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to issue Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs).
  • The approval will enable it to roll out a digital wallet linked to UPI, allowing users — particularly teenagers and young adults — to scan UPI QR codes and make payments even without a bank account.
  • Junio said the wallet’s design aligns with the UPI Circle initiative launched by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
  • Junio already operates a financial management app complemented by RuPay co-branded physical and virtual prepaid cards.

IDFC FIRST Bank Launches Gaj: Metal Credit Card for Private Banking Customers

[IDFC FIRST Bank]

Key Updates:

  • IDFC FIRST Bank has launched 'Gaj:', an invitation-only premium metal credit card designed for high-net-worth individuals (HNI).
  • The card represents the final installment of the Bank's Ashva- Mayura- Gaj: trilogy of premium metal credit cards.
  • The card carries a joining and annual fee of ₹12,500 plus GST, with the annual fee waived on annual spends of ₹10 lakh.
  • The offering includes 12,500 invitation Reward Points, where 1 Reward Point equals ₹1 for travel bookings.
  • Key features of the card include 0% foreign exchange markup and interest-free global ATM cash access.
  • The card provides a ₹50,000 Trip Cancellation Cover and offers up to 50X rewards on hotels and 25X on flights via the bank's ecosystem.
  • As of September 30, 2025, IDFC FIRST Bank serves 35 million customers with a total business value of ₹5,35,673 crore ($60.4 billion).
  • The bank's customer deposits grew 23.4% year-on-year to ₹2,69,094 crore, while loans and advances grew 19.7% to ₹2,66,579 crore.
  • IDFC FIRST Bank operates 1,041 branches and reaches over 60,000 cities, towns, and villages across India.
  • The bank has impacted over 40 million lives through social initiatives, including financing 3.6 million women entrepreneurs and 300,000+ SMEs.

Similar Coverage

IDFC FIRST Bank launches zero-fee USD and EUR Global Savings Account for NRIs. (Mid of December)
  • IDFC FIRST Bank offers the IDFC FIRST Global Savings Account in USD and EUR through GIFT City, Gujarat for Non-Resident Indians.
  • Both the principal and the interest earned are freely and fully transferable to overseas bank account without any limits or restrictions.
  • The account allows holding funds in USD or EUR without conversion risk and with global flexibility.
  • Zero remittance fee is charged on transfers from the account.
  • Interest earned is TDS exempted for NRIs on the FIRST Global Savings Account and fixed deposits.
  • The USD Savings Account currently offers an attractive interest rate of 4.75%.
  • Monthly interest credit results in monthly compounding interest earning for customers.
  • Customers can book USD and Euro fixed deposits at attractive rates.
  • A single mobile banking app manages both NRI and GIFT City Global Savings accounts.
  • Integrated banking experience provides a single Relationship Manager for NRI and GIFT City banking needs.
MoU between Ministry of Tourism and Mastercard to strengthen India's position as a global tourism hotspot (Start of December)
  • The Ministry of Tourism (MoT), Government of India and Mastercard have signed a two-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).
  • The collaboration aims to boost India's appeal as a premium destination for domestic and international travelers.
  • The partnership will leverage Mastercard's global platforms, including its renowned Priceless program, to spotlight India's rich cultural, spiritual, natural, and culinary treasures worldwide.
  • The initiative will strengthen the tourism ecosystem by engaging public and private stakeholders to promote secure and responsible digital payment practices.
  • As the official Knowledge Partner, MoT will identify strategic travel corridors and facilitate partnerships with relevant entities such as State Tourism Boards, the Archaeological Survey of India, and Ministry of Culture.
  • The MoU will strengthen the tourism value chain by encouraging the responsible and secure use of payment systems, supporting the adoption of safe and seamless digital payments, and exploring the introduction of innovative, co-branded payment products.
SBI becomes first bank to trade as Special Category Client on India International Bullion Exchange (Start of November)
  • State Bank of India executed its inaugural gold trade as a special category client (SCC) on the India International Bullion Exchange (IFSC) Ltd.
  • SBI was the first bank to become a Trading-cum-Clearing (TCM) Member at India International Bullion Exchange in 2024.
  • As a special category client, SBI facilitates seamless bullion transactions for jewellers, bullion dealers, and other stakeholders importing gold through IIBX.
IDFC FIRST Bank launches entry-level credit card with zero forex markup and dual UPI-Mastercard access (Start of December)
  • IDFC FIRST Bank launched the FIRST WOW! Black credit card, the country's first entry-level card with zero forex markup on international spends.
  • Customers receive two cards: a physical Mastercard and a virtual RuPay credit card for UPI use.
  • The card is available to individuals aged 18 or above by opening a fixed deposit of at least ₹20,000 with the bank.
  • Cash withdrawals from ATMs in India or abroad do not attract interest for up to 45 days, but incur a ₹199 withdrawal fee.
  • Users earn 4 reward points per ₹150 on everyday spends and 3 reward points per ₹150 on UPI payments above ₹2,000.
  • Travel bookings on the IDFC FIRST Bank app earn 50 bonus reward points per ₹150 on hotel bookings and 30 bonus reward points per ₹150 on flight bookings.
  • Each reward point is worth ₹0.50 when redeemed for travel on the app.
  • The card includes four domestic airport lounge visits a year and trip-cancellation cover of up to ₹10,000.
  • Other benefits include 25% off on one movie ticket a month (up to ₹100), a 1% fuel surcharge waiver up to ₹200 a month, roadside assistance worth ₹1,399 once a year, ₹2 lakh personal accident insurance, and lost-card liability cover up to ₹25,000.
  • The joining fee is ₹750 plus GST, with the same annual fee from the second year onward.
  • The annual fee is waived if yearly spending reaches ₹1.5 lakh.
  • Welcome benefits worth more than ₹5,000 include travel deals, dining and lifestyle offers, and 5% cashback up to ₹1,000 on the first EMI transaction within 30 days.

Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) expands to Odisha and Delhi with Rs 5 lakh annual health cover

[Odisha, Delhi]

Key Updates:

  • Odisha and Delhi signed MoU with the Ministry of Health for implementing AB-PMJAY, leaving only West Bengal outside the scheme’s coverage.
  • Ayushman Vay Vandana cards provide free treatment up to Rs 5 lakh per year to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of socio-economic status, with 94,19,515 people enrolled so far.
  • About 42.48 crore Ayushman cards have been created since 2018, authorising 10.98 crore hospital admissions worth Rs 1.60 lakh crore under AB-PMJAY as on December 1.
  • National Health Authority launched an Android-based ‘Ayushman app’ enabling face-auth, OTP, IRIS and fingerprint modes for beneficiary self-verification and card creation.

Similar Coverage

Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) Authorizes ₹1.60 Lakh Crore for Hospital Admissions (End of December)
  • The government's flagship health insurance scheme Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) saw a major expansion with Delhi and Odisha signing the MoU with the Ministry of Health (MoH) for its implementation.
  • The MoH initiative provides free treatment benefits of up to Rs 5 lakh per year to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio-economic status, through Ayushman Vay Vandana cards.
  • As of December 1, a total of 10.98 crore hospital admissions amounting to Rs 1.60 lakh crore have been authorised under the AB-PMJAY since its inception in 2018.
  • The eSanjeevani telemedicine service provided more than 43.2 crore free tele-consultations, ensuring access to specialist doctors in rural and remote areas.
  • Under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), more than 84.35 crore health accounts (ABHA accounts) have been created so far to facilitate digital storage and sharing of medical records.
  • The 100 Days TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, launched on December 7, 2024, in 347 high priority districts, was expanded to cover all districts of the country to strengthen testing, treatment, and nutritional support.
  • The MoH launched AI-driven healthcare reforms, establishing three centres of excellence for AI in healthcare at AIIMS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, and AIIMS Rishikesh.
  • An Android-based 'Ayushman app' was launched by the National Health Authority (NHA) featuring face-auth, OTP, IRIS, and fingerprint authentication for Ayushman card creation.
Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) expands to Odisha and Delhi with Rs 5 lakh annual health cover (End of December)
  • Odisha and Delhi signed MoU with the health ministry for implementation of AB-PMJAY, leaving only West Bengal outside the scheme’s coverage.
  • Ayushman Vay Vandana cards provide free treatment benefits up to Rs 5 lakh per year to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of socio-economic status.
  • An Android-based ‘Ayushman app’ launched by National Health Authority enables self-verification and supports face-auth, OTP, IRIS, and fingerprint modes for Ayushman card creation.
e-Swasthya Samvad: Strengthening Governance in Medical Education (End of December)
  • The Rajasthan government has launched a new digital communication platform, 'e-Swasthya Samvad (ESS)', to improve governance, transparency and coordination in the Medical Education Department (MED).
  • The initiative has been introduced under the direction of Chief Minister Bhajanlal Sharma and Medical Education Minister Gajendra Singh Khimsar as part of efforts to strengthen health services through technology-driven reforms.
  • The platform would function as a dedicated digital interface connecting all stakeholders associated with medical education and health services, enabling faster decision-making and effective implementation of health programmes.
  • The interaction will be held in two phases, including an open interaction with faculty members, doctors, nursing staff, students and the public from 6 pm.
  • Medical Education Commissioner Naresh Goyal said 'e-Swasthya Samvad' will be conducted twice a week -- every Tuesday and Thursday -- through video conferencing.
  • Decisions taken during meetings will be recorded instantly, and concerned officials will be required to submit action taken reports within 72 hours.
  • The platform was launched on Dec 29, 2025, to facilitate discussions on budget announcements, implementation of health schemes, and infrastructure projects.
NHA–ICMR–DHR Renew MoU to Strengthen Evidence-Based Reforms in Ayushman Bharat (Mid of November)
  • Parties: National Health Authority (NHA), Department of Health Research (DHR) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) renewed the MoU signed in November 2019.
  • Objective: "bolster evidence-based decision-making across the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)".
  • New inclusion: "For the first time, the MoU’s scope will also include supporting the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)" by evaluating digital health interventions like EHRs, telemedicine, AI-driven diagnostics and health data exchanges through HTAIn.
  • Key collaboration areas: Costing of healthcare services using National Costing Initiative data; institutionalizing Standard Treatment Workflows (STWs) to reduce practice variation; and conducting operational/implementation research on barriers in rural areas, fraud prevention and supply-chain issues.

Pro Tem Security Certification Scheme Extension, TSTL Fee Reduction, and ITSAR ONT Simplification Announced

Key Updates:

  • Department of Telecommunications (DoT) through National Centre for Communication Security (NCCS) extends Pro Tem Security Certification Scheme for two years from 01-01-2026.
  • NCCS reduces Telecom Security Testing Laboratory (TSTL) designation application fee by more than 50%, with complete waiver for Central/State Government testing agencies, IITs, and 50% concession for Indian Startups, MSEs, and women-owned enterprises.
  • NCCS simplifies Indian Telecom Security Assurance Requirement (ITSAR) certification for Optical Network Terminator (ONT) devices by grouping customized variants under a single certification, cutting testing cases tenfold.

Similar Coverage

Special Campaign 5.0 Assessment Report & CPGRAMS Annual Report Released (End of December)
  • The Assessment Report of Special Campaign 5.0 and the Annual Report of CPGRAMS were released by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
  • Special Campaign 5.0 institutionalised Swachhata and reduced pendency across government offices, generating over Rs 4100 crores through systematic disposal of scrap and e-waste.
  • CPGRAMS report highlights the Government’s focus on responsive, technology-enabled and time-bound grievance redressal.
C-DOT and NAM InfoCom Partner for Indigenous Mission Critical Communication System (MCX) Solution Development (Mid of November)
  • The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) signed an Agreement with M/s NAM InfoCom Private Limited for Joint Development of Mission Critical Communication System (MCX) Solution.
  • The partnership aims to strengthen India’s indigenous communication infrastructure for public safety and emergency response and enhance India’s self-reliance in mission-critical communications.
  • The MCX system has been developed in line with 3GPP standards to support Mission Critical Push-to-Talk (MCPTT), Mission Critical Data (MCData), and Mission Critical Video (MCVideo) services.
  • This solution will provide secure, reliable, high-quality, low latency, real-time audio/video communication tailored to work around existing 4G and 5G mobile networks.
  • The MCX solution will be useful for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communications and help disaster management agencies, Law and Order enforcement agencies for efficient operations.
  • M/s NAM InfoCom is developing the MC Video solution and will bring experience in system integration, deployment, and customization, while C-DOT will provide its expertise in telecom R&D and system design.
  • The project is fully funded under C-DOT Collaborative Research Programme (CCRP).
  • The proposed MC Video solution offers multi-stream capabilities, a recording feature, and scalability to support multiple simultaneous group/one-to-one video calls, designed for low latency, low bandwidth, and minimal storage requirements.
Government appoints Amit Agrawal as new telecom secretary (End of November)
  • Amit Agrawal has been appointed as the new secretary in the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
  • Prior to this appointment, he was serving as the Pharmaceutical Secretary.
  • He is a 1993-batch Chhattisgarh cadre Indian Administrative Services (IAS) officer.
  • Agrawal previously served as chief executive officer of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), and Additional Secretary and Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Finance.
  • He is a graduate from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur.
  • Neeraj Mittal, the outgoing Secretary of the Department of Telecommunications, has been shifted to the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
National Cybersecurity Exercise “Cyber Bharat Setu” Inaugurated in Tripura; State Launches New Cyber Security Policy and Awareness Campaign (Mid of November)
  • **Cyber Bharat Setu:** A National Cybersecurity Exercise organized by the Directorate of Information Technology (DIT), Government of Tripura, in collaboration with the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
  • **Objective of Cyber Bharat Setu:** Aims to strengthen cyber awareness, readiness, and response capabilities of the State, envisioning a Cyber Resilient Bharat by bridging regional cybersecurity capabilities, fostering innovation, and promoting proactive defence and response strategies.
  • **Key Features of Cyber Bharat Setu:** The two-day workshop focuses on strengthening cyber resilience through expert-led training, hands-on drills, and simulated scenario-based exercises, incorporating advanced sessions and simulation-based components.
  • **Tripura Cyber Security Policy, 2025 (TCSP 2.0):** A forward-looking and transformative policy launched by Shri. S. Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY, Government of India, during the event.
  • **Objective of TCSP 2.0:** Formulated to build a resilient, adaptive, and citizen-centric cyber ecosystem, serving as a guiding framework for securing the State’s IT and ICT systems, strengthening institutional mechanisms, and promoting collaborative actions.
  • **Tripura Cyber Security Awareness Month 2025 (TCSAM, 2025):** A month-long campaign launched with the theme “Cyber Jagrit Tripura” and an unveiled mascot named “Raksha Mitra”.
  • **Objective of TCSAM 2025:** Aims to strengthen cyber hygiene and awareness among citizens, students, and the government workforce, observed across the State by the Directorate of IT, Govt. of Tripura.

Batadrava Than Redevelopment and ₹177-Crore Smart Surveillance System Launched in Assam

[Assam]

Key Updates:

  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the redeveloped Batadrava Than at the birthplace of Srimanta Sankardev in Assam on 29 Dec 2025.
  • A Smart Surveillance System (ICSS) was launched in Assam with an outlay of ₹177-crore.
  • The Batadrava Cultural Project at the birthplace of Srimanta Sankardeva was inaugurated with a budget of ₹227-Crore.
  • The infrastructure projects also included the launch of a mega auditorium and the guwahati auditorium inauguration.

Similar Coverage

Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal memorial. (End of December)
  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, on December 25, 2025.
  • The memorial was established to honor the 101st birth anniversary of former PM and Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • The 65-acre complex features 65-feet-high bronze statues of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founder ideologues Syama Prasad Mookerjee and Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay.
  • The facility includes a lotus-shaped museum spread over approximately 98,000 square feet and an amphitheatre with a seating capacity of 3,000 people.
  • The project was developed by the Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) under the Basant Kunj scheme at an approximate cost of ₹230 crore.
Prime Minister’s Office new complex to be called 'Seva Teerth' (Start of December)
  • The new complex housing the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) shall be called ‘Seva Teerth’ to reflect the spirit of service rather than ‘power’.
  • Earlier called ‘Executive Enclave’ under the Central Visa Redevelopment project, the complex is in the final stages of completion.
  • Seva Teerth will house the PMO, offices of the Cabinet secretariat, National Security Council Secretariat and India House.
  • Home ministry wrote to the states and Union territories to rename governor’s houses as ‘Lok Bhavan’ or ‘Lok Niwas’ instead of ‘Raj Bhavan’.
PM Modi Assam Visit on Dec 20-21 to Inaugurate Projects Worth Rs 15,600 Crore (End of December)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate and lay foundation stone of projects worth around Rs 15,600 crore in Assam on Saturday and Sunday.
  • The New Terminal Building of Lokapriya Gopinath Bardoloi International Airport in Guwahati will be inaugurated, designed to handle up to 1.3 crore passengers annually.
  • PM Modi will perform Bhoomipujan for Ammonia-Urea Fertilizer Project of Assam Valley Fertilizer and Chemical Company Limited at Namrup in Dibrugarh.
  • The Ammonia-Urea Fertilizer Project is stated to be built with an estimated investment of over Rs. 10,600 crore.
New Chhattisgarh Assembly Building Inaugurated: Key Features and Vision (Start of November)
  • **Initiative Name**: Chhattisgarh’s new Assembly building in Nava Raipur.
  • **Inaugurated by**: Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
  • **Estimated Cost**: Rs 324.93 crore.
  • **Area**: Spanning over 57,800 square metres (around 6.22 lakh sq ft), built on approximately 51 acres.
  • **Capacity**: Main Assembly Hall can currently accommodate 90 legislators, with the capacity to expand to 200.
  • **Vision**: Designed with a 100-year perspective, integrating advanced technology, environmental balance, and scalability.
  • **Symbolism**: Described as a “pilgrimage site of democracy” and symbolizing transparency, accountability, and progress, reflecting Chhattisgarh’s rich heritage and aspirations for a developed India.

National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 enhances mid-band spectrum for 5G/6G and satellite services

Key Updates:

  • Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications, released the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025).
  • NFAP-2025 allocates radio-frequency spectrum in the range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz.
  • Identifies the 6425-7125 MHz band for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) to boost 5G, 5G Advanced and future 6G networks.
  • Allocates Ka, Q and V bands for satellite-based services for high-throughput GSO and large non-GSO satellite constellations.
  • Provides additional spectrum for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC) and emerging technologies like Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and LEO/MEO satellite services.

Similar Coverage

Indian Railways Vision 2030: Originating Train Capacity to Double in 48 Major Cities (End of December)
  • Ministry of Railways (MoR) plans to double the originating train capacity in 48 major cities by 2030.
  • Capacity augmentation will be implemented progressively over the next five years to deliver immediate benefits.
  • Works include augmenting current terminals with additional platforms, stabling lines, pit lines, and shunting facilities.
  • New terminals will be identified and created in and around urban areas.
  • Maintenance facilities, including mega coaching complexes, will be established.
  • Sectional capacity will be increased through traffic facility works, signaling upgradation, and multitracking.
Government to Release New National Accounts Series with FY 2022-23 as Base Year (End of November)
  • The government will release a new series of national accounts on February 27, 2026, with fiscal year 2022-23 as the base year.
  • An Advisory Committee on National Account Statistics (ACNAS) under the chairmanship of professor B.N. Goldar has been constituted to advise MoSPI.
  • The Ministry has planned to release discussion papers on national accounts to apprise users of the changes in the new series.
Union Minister Khattar on Urban Development Initiatives and Metro Expansion (Mid of November)
  • The Centre has begun holding regional meetings to address a wide range of urban development concerns, discussing subjects like road, drains, mobility, metro rail, and including demands and suggestions from participating states.
  • The Centre plans to hold an Urban Conclave in New Delhi soon, where ministers, secretaries, and the mayors of some important corporations will be invited.
  • India's metro network has expanded rapidly, with 1,100 km operational and another 900 km in progress, with metro rail work underway in five cities and eventually expanding to 29 across the country.
  • Metro and other urban projects are funded through a mix of central-state partnerships, public-private ventures, and international agencies like those in Japan and the World Bank.
MoSPI Releases National Industrial Classification (NIC) - 2025 (Mid of November)
  • The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the National Industrial Classification (NIC) - 2025.
  • The release of the National Industrial Classification (NIC) - 2025 took place in New Delhi.
  • The National Industrial Classification (NIC) - 2025 was released on 18th November, 2025.
  • The releasing body is the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Republic of India.

Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to be set up at GIFT City through PPP model

[Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO)]

Key Updates:

  • Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel gave in-principle approval for the establishment of the Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to strengthen research and development in artificial intelligence.
  • The facility will be set up through a tripartite partnership involving the state and Central governments, and the Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance under the PPP model.
  • IAIRO will be constituted as a non-profit institute under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013.
  • An estimated budget of approximately ₹300 crore has been earmarked for the first five years, with equal contribution of 33.33% each from the state government, the Centre, and the private partner.
  • The Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA) has joined as the anchor private partner and will contribute ₹25 crore for the year 2025-26.
  • IAIRO will function under a hybrid compute model, integrating on-premise GPU infrastructure along with national platforms such as the IndiaAI Cloud.

Similar Coverage

Ahmedabad confirmed as host city for 2030 Commonwealth Games (End of November)
  • Ahmedabad has been officially confirmed as the host city for the 2030 Commonwealth Games as the delegates of 74 Commonwealth member nations ratified India’s bid at the Commonwealth Sport General Assembly in Glasgow.
  • India edged out Abuja, Nigeria, as the other bidder for the hosting.
  • The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave and the Narendra Modi Stadium are going to be the prime venues for the Games.
  • The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave, currently under construction, will stage multiple sporting events and serve as the athletes’ village, accommodating up to 3,000 people.
International Financial Services Authority (IFSCA) targets GIFT City (Gujarat) as India’s Guernsey-style IP hub (End of November)
  • IFSCA Chairperson K Rajaraman states an expert committee is examining how GIFT City can host IP in a better and attractive way.
  • Rajaraman notes that worldwide earnings on IP in terms of royalty and dividends in 2023 was around $501 billion and India’s share was 0.5 percent.
  • Goutam Bhattacharya highlights that GIFT IFSC can offer a single-window advisory for patent, trademark, design, and copyright registration.
  • Ankit Sahni emphasises that GIFT IFSC can enable IP-backed financing, cross-border technology licensing, royalty securitisation, and global dispute resolution.
Infibeam Avenues Subsidiary Gets IFSCA Nod for Payment Services at GIFT-IFSC (End of October)
  • Infibeam Avenues' subsidiary, IA Fintech IFSC, has secured in-principle approval from the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) to operate as a Payment Service Provider (PSP) within Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT-IFSC).
  • The approval will allow IA Fintech to offer regulated payment and settlement services, including escrow operations, cross-border remittances, and merchant payment processing.
  • Trade finance transaction volumes at GIFT-IFSC rose from $20 billion in FY22 to $46 billion in FY25.
  • The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) serves as the unified regulator for financial products, institutions, and services within the IFSC ecosystem.
  • GIFT-IFSC is India’s designated international financial centre located in Gandhinagar.
PM Modi marks Sardar Patel’s 150th birth anniversary with ₹150 coin, stamp and unity run (Start of November)
  • India today observed Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
  • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the country’s first Home Minister and a key figure in integrating over 560 princely states into the Indian Union.
  • The day, celebrated annually on October 31 since 2014, highlights Patel’s role in strengthening national unity and reaffirms citizens’ commitment to the values of sovereignty and integrity.
  • On the eve of the anniversary, the Prime Minister released a commemorative ₹ 150 coin and a postage stamp in honour of Sardar Patel.
  • As part of the national observance, the “Run for Unity” was organised across the country.

VijAIpatha Labs launched to democratise AI, STEM and Robotics education in Karnataka government schools

[Karnataka]

Key Updates:

  • Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched Cyient AI Labs (CyAILS) — 'VijAIpatha' — to provide Artificial Intelligence, STEM and Robotics education in government schools.
  • Under the pilot phase, five world-class AI, STEM and Robotics laboratories are being established in government schools, starting with a girl's government school in Hosapete taluk.
  • Each lab will be equipped with high-performance computers, AI-ready software, robotics kits, IoT devices, sensors and secure broadband connectivity.
  • The programme integrates CBSE's AI curriculum and is aligned with NEP 2020, Digital India and the mission of Viksit Bharat 2047.
  • The initiative targets rural and semi-urban areas, aiming to build early digital fluency, computational thinking and innovation capacity among students.
  • It will benefit over 2,000 students and train more than 200 teachers, serving as a scalable CSR model for national AI education rollout.

Similar Coverage

PM VIKAS: Skill Training for 2,110 Minority Youth through NIFTEM-K (End of December)
  • The Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) has selected the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) Kundli as a Project Implementing Agency (PIA) to implement the PM VIKAS scheme.
  • Under this project, NIFTEM-K will train a total of 2,110 beneficiaries from the minority community.
  • The training will be conducted across seven locations in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana.
  • The program includes three training categories: Multi Skill Technician (Food Processing), Millet Products Processor, and Assistant Baking Technician.
  • The project will provide National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) compliant skill training through National Council of Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) approved courses.
  • The initiative aims to facilitate placement in wage employment, self-employment, or apprenticeship, with certification from institutions approved by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
  • The program is scheduled to be rolled out in January 2026.
Union Minister Scindia Launches NEST Cluster at IIT Guwahati and Development Projects in Assam (Start of November)
  • The North Eastern Science and Technology Cluster (NEST Cluster) was inaugurated.
  • The inauguration took place at IIT Guwahati.
  • Union Minister Jyotiraditya M Scindia inaugurated the NEST Cluster.
  • Foundation stones were laid for development projects worth Rs 635 crore across Assam.
Samsung–UNGCNI ‘DigiArivu’ Initiative to Strengthen STEM Education in Tamil Nadu (End of November)
  • Initiative Name: ‘DigiArivu–Empowering Students Thru Tech’ launched by Samsung in partnership with United Nations Global Compact Network India.
  • Objective: Strengthen digital science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in Tamil Nadu.
  • Coverage: 10 government schools in Kancheepuram and Ranipet districts; expected to benefit over 3,000 students.
  • Key Provisions: Upgrade school infrastructure, enable STEM and digital learning, train teachers, and support holistic student development.
Union Minister Highlights Women and Youth as Architects of Viksit Bharat (Start of November)
  • The initiative/vision discussed is Viksit Bharat (Developed India).
  • Women and Youth are called the architects of Viksit Bharat.
  • The force that will drive Viksit Bharat lies in the confidence of youth, the compassion of women, and the curiosity of minds, along with youthful innovation, women’s leadership, empathy, resilience, creativity, youthful energy, and intellect.
  • The goal of Viksit Bharat is India’s emergence as a global leader in the 21st century.

Israel to award Israel Prize for Peace to United States President Donald Trump after Florida talks

[Israel, United States]

Key Updates:

  • Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that US President Donald Trump will receive the Israel Prize for Peace, the country's highest civilian honour.
  • This marks the first time in 80 years the prize is awarded to a non-Israeli citizen and the first occasion the Peace category has been used.
  • The Israeli government amended the prize rules in July 2025 to allow foreign citizens to be eligible for the award.
  • Trump and Netanyahu discussed the second phase of the Gaza peace plan, including Hamas disarmament and issues related to the occupied West Bank.
  • Trump stated he is 'not concerned about anything that Israel is doing' and praised Israel for living up to the plan '100%'.
  • Netanyahu described the meeting as 'very, very productive' and emphasized strong cooperation between the two leaders.

Similar Coverage

Donald Trump wins inaugural FIFA Peace Prize (Start of December)
  • Donald Trump was the winner of the inaugural "FIFA Peace Prize," which the soccer organization awarded during its World Cup draw in Washington.
  • The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) announced the creation of the prize a month ago, stating it would "reward individuals who have taken exceptional and extraordinary actions for peace."
  • FIFA President Gianni Infantino personally handed the trophy, a certificate, and a medal to Trump during the draw at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
  • Infantino attended Trump’s inauguration in January and has visited Washington multiple times since.
  • He sat in the front row of a peace agreement signing between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo that Trump held in Washington on the eve of the draw.
  • Trump hosted Infantino in the Oval Office to announce the Kennedy Center as the host of the World Cup draw.
  • Infantino also attended the Gaza ceasefire signing ceremony that Trump held in October.
  • The FIFA boss appeared in the Oval Office again in November to unveil an expedited visa process for World Cup ticket holders.
  • Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum also attended the Washington, D.C draw.
  • Infantino considers President Trump a "close friend" and has acknowledged their budding relationship.
  • Trump recently welcomed Cristiano Ronaldo to the White House for a dinner honoring the crown prince of Saudi Arabia.
Australia and Israel Strengthen Diplomatic Ties Following Official Visit Invitation on 23-12-2025 (End of December)
  • Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese extended a personal invitation to Israeli President Isaac Herzog to visit Australia.
  • The diplomatic outreach follows an attack at a Jewish community Chanukah event held at Bondi Beach in Sydney.
  • President Isaac Herzog also received an official invitation from the President of the Zionist Federation of Australia (ZFA).
  • Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed the developments and the acceptance of the invitation on the social media platform X.
Donald Trump receives Grand Order of Mugunghwa and replica Silla crown from South Korea (End of October)
  • Donald Trump was presented with the Grand Order of Mugunghwa, South Korea's highest decoration, and a replica of an ancient Silla dynasty gold crown during his meeting with South Korean President Lee Jae Myung.
  • The award ceremony took place at the National Museum in Gyeongju on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders' summit.
  • The Silla crown was described as representing 'the divine connection between the authority of the heavens and sovereignty on earth, as well as strong leadership.'
FIFA President Gianni Infantino attends international forums and summits (Start of November)
  • Infantino joined Trump at the Summit for Peace in Egypt on Oct. 13
  • attended the Future Investment Initiative in Saudi Arabia on Oct. 28
  • Infantino will appear at the America Business Forum in Miami on Wednesday, Nov. 5, where U.S. President Donald Trump and Argentine World Cup champion Lionel Messi are among speakers at the event.
  • Infantino also accepted an Atlantic Council Global Citizen award in New York on Sept. 24

DRDO successfully tests maiden Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120) in Odisha

[Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Odisha]

Key Updates:

  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) on Monday successfully conducted the maiden flight test of the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120) at the Integrated Test Range in Odisha's Chandipur.
  • The rocket was tested for its maximum range of 120 km, demonstrating all in-flight manoeuvres as planned.
  • The LRGR impacted the target with textbook precision.
  • The LRGR 120 is an extended-range, precision-guided rocket developed for the Indian Army’s Pinaka Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS).
  • Unlike earlier unguided Pinaka rockets, the LRGR is equipped with a guidance system that significantly improves accuracy.
  • The rocket is fired from the existing Pinaka launcher, allowing the Army to enhance capability without inducting a new launch platform.

Similar Coverage

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) completes user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system (End of December)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed user evaluation trials of the next-generation Akash (Akash-NG) missile system, paving the way for its induction into the Indian Armed Forces. Quote: "The DRDO on Tuesday 'successfully completed' user evaluation trials of the next-generation Akash missile system, paving the way for its induction into the armed forces, officials said."
  • The Akash-NG system met all Preliminary Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) and demonstrated high precision against high-speed, low-altitude, and long-range high-altitude targets. Quote: "User evaluation trials of Akash NG missile successfully completed today, meeting all PSQR requirements... The system demonstrated high precision against diverse aerial threats, including high-speed, low-altitude and long-range high-altitude targets."
  • The missile system is equipped with an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and fully homegrown radars and Control and Command (C2) systems. Quote: "Equipped with an indigenous RF seeker, dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and fully homegrown radars and C2 systems, Akash-NG marks a major boost to India's air defence capability."
  • During the trials, the DRDO successfully intercepted aerial targets at various ranges and altitudes, including near-boundary-low-altitude scenarios. Quote: "During the trials, the missiles successfully intercepted aerial targets at different ranges and altitudes, 'including the near-boundary-low-altitude and long-range, high-altitude scenarios,' the DRDO said."
Dr Jitendra Singh Launches Indigenous Hansa-3 NG Trainer Aircraft at CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) (Start of December)
  • CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) developed the Hansa-3 NG as India's first all-composite airframe two-seater trainer aircraft for PPL and CPL training.
  • Industry partner M/s Pioneer Clean Amps is setting up a facility at Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, to produce up to 100 Hansa-3 NG aircraft annually.
  • CSIR-NAL is developing the 19-seater SARAS Mk-2 Light Transport Aircraft with pressurised cabin, digital avionics, glass cockpit, autopilot, and command-by-wire flight controls.
  • Dr Jitendra Singh inaugurated the Iron Bird Facility for SARAS Mk-2 for full-system integration and ground testing of aircraft subsystems.
  • CSIR-NAL inaugurated a manufacturing facility for High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), solar-powered unmanned aircraft capable of flying above 20 km altitude.
  • CSIR-NAL's subscale HAP vehicle achieved 7.5 km altitude and over 10 hours endurance, with full-scale flight to 20 km targeted for 2027.
  • CSIR-NAL collaborated with M/s Solar Defence & Aerospace Ltd for 150-kg class Loitering Munition UAV powered by NAL’s certified Wankel engine.
  • The Loitering Munition UAV features 900 km range, 6–9 hours endurance, 5 km service ceiling, GPS-denied navigation, low radar cross-section, and AI-enabled target identification.
India successfully conducts high-speed rocket-sled test of fighter aircraft escape system (Start of December)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted a high-speed rocket-sled test of a fighter aircraft escape system.
  • The test was conducted at the Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility of the Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, Chandigarh.
  • The test validated canopy severance, ejection sequencing, and complete aircrew recovery.
  • The test was conducted in collaboration with the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
  • The complex dynamic test placed 'India in an elite club of nations with advanced in-house escape system testing capability'.
  • Defence minister Rajnath Singh hailed the test as a significant milestone in India’s indigenous defence capability and a step forward towards self-reliance.
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carries out high-speed rocket-sled test of fighter aircraft escape system at 800 km/h (Start of December)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out a high-speed rocket-sled test of a fighter aircraft escape system at the Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility of the Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) in Chandigarh.
  • The test achieved a controlled velocity of 800 km/h, validating canopy severance, ejection sequencing and full aircrew recovery.
  • The test was conducted in collaboration with the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
  • The system carried the forebody of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.
  • A dual-sled system with the LCA aircraft forebody was propelled to precisely controlled velocity through phased firing of multiple solid-propellant rocket motors.
  • The canopy-fragilisation pattern, ejection sequence and complete aircrew-recovery process were simulated using an instrumented Anthropomorphic Test Dummy.
  • DRDO established the four-kilometre Rail Track Rocket Sled Penta Rail Supersonic Track at TBRL in 2014.
  • ISRO has previously used the facility for Rail Track Rocket Sled deployment tests of the Gaganyaan pilot parachutes and Apex Cover Separation parachutes in cluster configuration.

India inaugurates DHRUV-NG next-generation civil helicopter at HAL Bengaluru

[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bengaluru]

Key Updates:

  • Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu inaugurated DHRUV-NG, the next-generation civil helicopter, at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bengaluru.
  • DHRUV-NG is a 5.5-tonne, light twin-engine, multi-role helicopter engineered to master the diverse and demanding requirements of the Indian terrain.
  • The helicopter is equipped with twin Shakti 1H1C engines and features a civil-certified Glass Cockpit compliant with AS4 requirements.
  • It has a maximum take-off weight of 5,500 kg, a maximum speed of 285 km/h, and can carry up to 14 passengers.
  • HAL offers a 'One-Stop Solution' for manufacturing, maintenance, and upgrades, with operational support through Power-By-Hour (PBH) and Performance-Based Logistics (PBL) models.

Similar Coverage

Indian Air Force celebrates 1971 victory legacy with aerial power display (Mid of December)
  • The Indian Air Force (IAF) on Wednesday staged a breathtaking aerial display at Air Force Station Mohanbari to commemorate Vijay Diwas, marking the anniversary of India’s decisive victory in the 1971 war leading Pakistan’s surrender and subsequent birth of Bangladesh.
  • The event was attended by Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh, who warmly recalled the IAF’s pivotal role in the conflict and underscored the enduring lesson of jointmanship.
  • Organised by Shillong-based Eastern Air Command headquarters, the celebration showcased frontline assets including Sukhoi Su-30 fighters, Dornier Do-228 surveillance aircraft, Antonov An-32 transport planes, and heavy-lift platforms such as the Chinook and Mi-17 helicopters.
  • Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh highlighted the indispensable coordination between the services, noting that river crossings, air drops, and operations in the Western Sector were possible only through close cooperation between the Army, Air Force, and Navy.
PM Shri Tourism Helicopter Service Launched in Madhya Pradesh (Start of November)
  • PM Shri Tourism Helicopter Service was launched in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, along with Union Aviation Minister Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu, flagged off the service.
  • Madhya Pradesh has become the first state in the country to introduce intra-state connectivity and an air ambulance.
  • Through the service, tourists will now be able to enjoy spiritual and religious pilgrimages and wildlife sanctuaries in remote areas via helicopters.
  • Tourists will be offered a travel and return package, including accommodation, local transportation, breakfast, lunch, and dinner, along with a guide.
  • An MoU for the construction of an airport in Ujjain was also signed between the Central and state governments.
  • The service will begin in Sector 1 covering Indore, Ujjain, Omkareshwar, Mandu, Maheshwar, and the western region of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Sector 2 will cover Central Madhya Pradesh including Bhopal, Pachmarhi, Sanchi, and Orchha.
  • Sector 3 will cover Jabalpur, Bandhavgarh, Kanha, Khajuraho, and Chitrakoot.
Dr Jitendra Singh Launches Indigenous Hansa-3 NG Trainer Aircraft at CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) (Start of December)
  • CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) developed the Hansa-3 NG as India's first all-composite airframe two-seater trainer aircraft for PPL and CPL training.
  • Industry partner M/s Pioneer Clean Amps is setting up a facility at Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, to produce up to 100 Hansa-3 NG aircraft annually.
  • CSIR-NAL is developing the 19-seater SARAS Mk-2 Light Transport Aircraft with pressurised cabin, digital avionics, glass cockpit, autopilot, and command-by-wire flight controls.
  • Dr Jitendra Singh inaugurated the Iron Bird Facility for SARAS Mk-2 for full-system integration and ground testing of aircraft subsystems.
  • CSIR-NAL inaugurated a manufacturing facility for High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), solar-powered unmanned aircraft capable of flying above 20 km altitude.
  • CSIR-NAL's subscale HAP vehicle achieved 7.5 km altitude and over 10 hours endurance, with full-scale flight to 20 km targeted for 2027.
  • CSIR-NAL collaborated with M/s Solar Defence & Aerospace Ltd for 150-kg class Loitering Munition UAV powered by NAL’s certified Wankel engine.
  • The Loitering Munition UAV features 900 km range, 6–9 hours endurance, 5 km service ceiling, GPS-denied navigation, low radar cross-section, and AI-enabled target identification.
India to procure additional Israeli Heron Mk II UAVs under emergency provisions (Start of December)
  • India is procuring additional advanced satellite-linked Heron Mark II unmanned aerial vehicles from Israel under emergency provisions invoked after Operation Sindoor.
  • Emergency procurement allows the armed forces to directly procure complete weapon systems up to ₹300 crore.
  • Following Operation Sindoor, all three services have opted for the Heron Mk II under emergency procurement.
  • The Heron Mark II has an endurance of 45 hours and a service ceiling of 35,000 feet.
  • It is equipped with satellite communication, automatic take-off and landing systems, and advanced electro-optical/infrared sensors.
  • India’s armed forces have initiated a tri-service programme to acquire 87 Medium Altitude Long Endurance UAVs under the Make in India initiative.
  • The estimated value of the Make in India MALE UAV project is over ₹20,000 crore.
  • The order will be split between two Indian vendors in a 64:36 ratio, enabling at least 60 per cent indigenous content.

Abu Dhabi first globally to deliver ITVISMA gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy

[Abu Dhabi]

Key Updates:

  • ITVISMA (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is a one-time gene therapy targeting the underlying genetic cause of spinal muscular atrophy in patients aged 2 years and older with a confirmed SMN1 gene mutation.
  • The therapy replaces the missing SMN1 gene to improve motor function and reduce the need for continuous treatments required by other therapies.
  • Administered at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), part of SEHA, a subsidiary of PureHealth, under the supervision of the Department of Health – Abu Dhabi (DoH).
  • Developed by Novartis and received accelerated UAE approval on 25th November 2025, positioning the UAE among the first countries globally after the USA to endorse this treatment.

Similar Coverage

Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) and CrisprBits Sign LoI to Establish Centre of Excellence for CRISPR Innovation and Translation (CoE-CIT) (End of December)
  • The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology (DST) and CRISPRBITS Private Limited (CrisprBits) based in Delhi... have announced the signing of a Letter of Intent (LOI) to jointly establish the CoE-CIT.
  • The CoE-CIT is envisioned to bridge the bench to bed gap leading and have therapeutic impact by combining JNCASR’s strengths in fundamental biomedical sciences with CrisprBits’ expertise in applied gene-editing and translational platforms.
  • The CoE-CIT is a dedicated hub to harness cutting-edge CRISPR technologies to facilitate translation of scientific discoveries in a laboratory into real-world clinical applications.
  • The CoE will serve as a replicable national model for academic–industry partnerships to strengthen India’s biotechnology and innovation ecosystem.
  • Synergizing the mutual strengths in genetics, molecular and chemical biology, and computational biology, this unique partnership will open a new route to impact society and national missions.
Bose Institute team engineers GlowCas9, a glowing CRISPR-Cas9 that lights up during live-cell gene editing (Mid of December)
  • GlowCas9 is a bioluminescent version of Cas9 created by fusing Cas9 with a split nano-luciferase enzyme derived from deep-sea shrimp proteins.
  • The glowing signal is produced when the split luciferase pieces reassemble upon correct Cas9 folding, allowing real-time tracking without harming cells.
  • GlowCas9 is very stable and maintains its structure and activity at higher temperatures compared to the conventional enzyme.
  • GlowCas9 increases the precision of homology-directed repair (HDR), a DNA repair process crucial for fixing hereditary mutations linked to diseases like sickle cell anaemia and muscular dystrophy.
  • As a demonstration, the researchers programmed GlowCas9 to insert the DNA sequence corresponding to “ACHARYA” into the genome, honouring Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose, founder of the Bose Institute.
CSIR-IGIB and Serum Institute partner on India's first indigenous CRISPR therapy 'BIRSA 101' for Sickle Cell Disease (End of November)
  • Technology: Indigenous CRISPR-based gene therapy named 'BIRSA 101' engineered with enFnCas9 platform developed by CSIR–Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB)
  • Target: Designed as a 'precise genetic surgery' to potentially cure Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that disproportionately affects India's tribal populations in central and eastern regions
  • Affordability: Projected to cost 'only a fraction' of global gene therapies that typically run Rs 20–25 crore, ensuring wider accessibility
  • Public-private partnership: Formal technology transfer and collaboration agreement exchanged between CSIR-IGIB and Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd (SIIPL) to manufacture and scale the therapy
  • Policy link: Launch supports the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission aiming for a 'Sickle Cell–Free India by 2047' through universal screening, prevention and management across 278 affected tribal districts
Bharat Biotech Forays into CRDMO Space with New Cell & Gene Therapies Arm Nucelion Therapeutics (Start of November)
  • Bharat Biotech is venturing into advanced therapies by launching Nucelion Therapeutics, a subsidiary focused on cell and gene therapies.
  • This new entity will offer comprehensive development and manufacturing services for innovative treatments targeting cancers, autoimmune disorders, and rare genetic diseases.
  • Nucelion is housed in a 30,000 sq ft purpose-built facility in Genome Valley.
  • Nucelion has already commissioned a GMP facility with a capacity to develop and manufacture plasmids, viral and non-viral vectors, cell therapies, and aseptic fill & finish.
  • The company will offer end-to-end services, from early-stage clinical development to commercial-scale manufacturing, while adhering to international regulatory standards, including those of the US FDA and Europe’s EMA.
  • Nucelion Therapeutics will offer services for the development and manufacturing of plasmid DNA, viral vectors, autologous, and allogeneic cell therapies.

FITT, IIT Delhi and IDFC FIRST Bank launch IGNITE cohort to back high-impact climate, AI and social-good startups

[IIT Delhi, IDFC FIRST Bank]

Key Updates:

  • FITT, IIT Delhi in collaboration with IDFC FIRST Bank announced the launch of a new cohort under the IGNITE Program to support high-potential startups working across climate tech, clean energy, healthcare, agri-tech, mobility, education, and AI-driven solutions for social good.
  • The program offers non-dilutive financial support of up to ₹30 lakhs per startup along with structured capacity-building workshops covering technology development, business strategy, and investor readiness.
  • Startups gain mentorship from IIT Delhi faculty, industry experts, and IDFC FIRST Bank CSR leaders, plus access to investor connect sessions, demo day exposure, and SIDBI-FITT investment pitching opportunities.

Similar Coverage

Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE) launches Y-Point Venture Capital Fund (Mid of December)
  • SINE, IIT Bombay's umbrella organisation, launched India's first deep tech venture capital fund, Y-Point Venture Capital Fund, worth Rs 250 crore.
  • The fund will invest in deep tech startups emerging from IIT Bombay and other premier academic and research institutes.
  • It will invest in pre-seed and seed stages across 25-30 startups with a maximum ticket size of Rs 15 crore.
  • The fund will strategically invest in companies building products backed by fundamental research, with a keen focus on high-impact sectors including Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Computing, Advanced Manufacturing, Advanced Materials, Nuclear Technology, Space and Defence Technology, Climate and CleanTech and Life Sciences and Healthcare.
IDFC FIRST Bank launches zero-fee USD and EUR Global Savings Account for NRIs. (Mid of December)
  • IDFC FIRST Bank offers the IDFC FIRST Global Savings Account in USD and EUR through GIFT City, Gujarat for Non-Resident Indians.
  • Both the principal and the interest earned are freely and fully transferable to overseas bank account without any limits or restrictions.
  • The account allows holding funds in USD or EUR without conversion risk and with global flexibility.
  • Zero remittance fee is charged on transfers from the account.
  • Interest earned is TDS exempted for NRIs on the FIRST Global Savings Account and fixed deposits.
  • The USD Savings Account currently offers an attractive interest rate of 4.75%.
  • Monthly interest credit results in monthly compounding interest earning for customers.
  • Customers can book USD and Euro fixed deposits at attractive rates.
  • A single mobile banking app manages both NRI and GIFT City Global Savings accounts.
  • Integrated banking experience provides a single Relationship Manager for NRI and GIFT City banking needs.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) authorizes Aryaman Finance (India) Limited as Type II NBFC-ND-ICC. (End of December)
  • Aryaman Finance (India) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aryaman Financial Services, received the Certificate of Registration from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on December 24, 2025.
  • The certificate authorizes the company to operate as a Type II NBFC-ND-ICC (Non-Deposit taking - Investment and Credit Company).
  • The subsidiary was incorporated on January 31, 2025, and received additional capital infusion on April 01, 2025.
  • The company has complied with SEBI Listing Regulations disclosure requirements under Regulation 30.
DFS Launches Startup Common Application Journey on Jan Sammarth Portal for Credit Access (Mid of November)
  • The Department of Financial Services (DFS) under the Ministry of Finance launched the Startup Common Application Journey on the Jan Sammarth Portal.
  • The initiative aims to "simplify and streamline access to credit for startups across India."
  • The Startup Common Application Journey was "developed jointly by the IBA and PSB Alliance."
  • The Jan Sammarth Portal will now serve as "a single digital platform where startups can apply for loans, compare offers from various Public Sector Banks, and track their applications through one unified digital system."
  • The initiative allows startups to secure "loans of up to Rs 20 crore under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS)."
  • The Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS) is "operated by the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company (NCGTC) under the aegis of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)."
  • The platform "integrates key data sources such as PAN, GST, Udyam registration, Income Tax Returns, and credit bureau information to ensure quick verification and processing."
  • The scheme "includes special interest concessions for women entrepreneurs."

Magnus Carlsen wins FIDE World Rapid Chess Championship 2025

[FIDE]

Key Updates:

  • Magnus Carlsen won the International Chess Federation (FIDE) World Rapid Chess Championship 2025 held in Doha.
  • Carlsen finished the tournament with a score of 10.5/13 points to claim his sixth World Rapid title.
  • Russian Grandmaster Vladislav Artemiev finished as the runner-up with 9.5 points.
  • India’s Arjun Erigaisi secured the bronze medal with 9.5 points, becoming the second Indian GM to medal in the championship after Viswanathan Anand.
  • In the women’s section, Aleksandra Goryachkina won the FIDE Women’s World Rapid Chess Championship, while Zhu Jiner took silver and Koneru Humpy earned bronze.

Similar Coverage

Arjun Erigaisi beats Magnus Carlsen in Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Finals (Start of December)
  • Arjun Erigaisi beat Magnus Carlsen in the round-robin stage of the Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Finals.
  • The Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Finals are taking place at the Grootbos Private Nature Reserve in South Africa.
  • Javokhir Sindarov finished as the top player in the round-robin stage with 5.5 points.
  • Levon Aronian was the second-place player in the round-robin stage with 5 points.
  • Arjun Erigaisi finished third in the round-robin stage with 4.5 points after seven rounds.
Alpine SG Pipers clinches Global Chess League (GCL) title (End of December)
  • Alpine SG Pipers scored a convincing victory in the final of the Global Chess League (GCL) over Continental Kings — the winner of the first two editions — at the Royal Opera House on Tuesday.
  • SG Pipers claimed an advantage by winning the first match 4-2 before settling the tie and clinching the crown with a dominating 4.5-1.5 victory in the second.
  • Anish Giri shone brightest in the final for them, beating Wei Yi twice.
  • Earlier, PBG Alaskan Knights took the third place, beating Ganges Grandmasters in tie-breaks.
  • It was indeed a superb show by SG Pipers, whose campaign hadn’t got off to the brightest of starts, losing both its first matches.
Giovanna de Sequeira wins bronze at World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Championship in Abu Dhabi (End of November)
  • Giovanna de Sequeira earned international acclaim, winning bronze medal at the World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Championship in Abu Dhabi, competing in the below 28kg Infant/Girls Gi category.
  • The ten-year-old demonstrated remarkable determination, technical skill, and composure on the global stage to finish among the top three.
  • Giovanna’s achievement is even more significant considering her recent recovery from a knee surgery just five months ago.
Arjun Erigaisi and P Harikrishna win Round 3 openers at FIDE World Cup 2025 (Start of November)
  • Arjun Erigaisi defeated Uzbekistan’s Shamsiddin Vokhidov in 30 moves with the white pieces.
  • P Harikrishna beat Belgium’s Daniel Dardha in 25 moves using a sharp Sicilian Classical variation.
  • World champion D Gukesh was held to a draw with black in his Round 3 opener.

Smriti Mandhana surpasses 10,000 international runs to script history

Key Updates:

  • Smriti Mandhana became the fastest player ever and the second Indian woman after Mithali Raj to surpass 10,000 international runs.
  • She achieved the milestone during the fourth T20I against Sri Lanka at the Greenfield International Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Mandhana scored 80 runs off 48 deliveries, hitting 11 fours and three sixes at a strike rate of 170.2.
  • She became the first Indian and second overall to reach 4,000 runs in Women’s T20Is during the series opener in Visakhapatnam.
  • Mandhana is the first Indian woman to score a century in all three formats of the game.
  • She finished 2025 as the highest run-scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs), amassing 1,362 runs across 23 innings, including five fifties and five centuries.
  • Mandhana will lead Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) in the 2026 Women’s Premier League (WPL) starting January 9.

Similar Coverage

Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian to reach 4000 runs in T20I (End of December)
  • Opener Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian to reach 4000 runs in T20Is during the first of a five-match series against Sri Lanka on Sunday at the ACA-VDCA stadium in Visakhapatnam.
  • India defeated Sri Lanka by eight wickets in Vizag after chasing a 122-run target.
  • Smriti Mandhana reached the 4000-run milestone in 15 balls and currently sits second in the list of players with most runs in the format with 4007 runs.
  • Jemimah Rodrigues scored a half-century to help India secure the victory ('Jemimah Rodrigues half century helps India beat Sri Lanka by eight wickets in Vizag').
  • Vaishnavi Sharma made her T20I debut during the series opener against Sri Lanka.
  • This match was India’s first international appearance since the 'Women in Blue beat South Africa to lift their maiden Women’s ODI World Cup last month'.
Rohit Sharma becomes 4th Indian to 20,000 international runs (Start of December)
  • Rohit Sharma became the fourth Indian cricketer to complete 20,000 runs in International cricket.
  • He reached the landmark during the third ODI against South Africa at Visakhapatnam.
  • India won the toss and put South Africa into bat first; South Africa were all out for 270 in 47.5 overs.
  • Quinton de Kock top-scored for South Africa with 106 off 89 balls.
Virat Kohli surpasses Michael Bevan to own List A average world record (End of December)
  • Virat Kohli's career List A average has risen to 57.87, narrowly eclipsing Bevan's iconic mark of 57.86.
  • Kohli achieved this during his 77-run knock for Delhi against Gujarat in the Vijay Hazare Trophy at the BCCI Centre of Excellence in Bengaluru.
  • Kohli has become the fastest player in history to reach 16,000 List A runs, beating Sachin Tendulkar's previous record by a staggering 61 innings.
Pradeep Chaudhary and Reenu Sandhu win 40th Indira Marathon titles (Mid of November)
  • Event: 40th All India Prize Money Indira Marathon (42.195 km) in Prayagraj.
  • Men’s winner: Army runner Pradeep Singh Chaudhary (Uttarakhand) with a timing of 2:19:58.
  • Women’s winner: CISF sub-inspector Reenu Sandhu (Haryana) with a timing of 2:53:02, her second straight title.
  • Men’s runner-up: Gyan Babu (Pratapgarh) in 2:20:35; third place Rohit Saroj (Prayagraj) in 2:22:43.
  • Women’s runner-up: Ashwani Madan Jadav (Maharashtra) in 2:53:32; third place Jyoti Shankar Rao Gawate (Maharashtra) in 3:04:48.
  • Prize money: ₹2 lakh each to men’s and women’s winners; ₹1 lakh to runners-up; ₹75,000 to third-place finishers.

Supreme Court stays 100-metre Aravalli definition, forms new expert panel

Key Updates:

  • Supreme Court stays its November 20 order accepting the Centre’s 100-metre height definition for Aravalli Hills.
  • A new High-Powered Expert Committee will be constituted to resolve critical ambiguities.
  • The stay will remain in effect till the new committee is constituted.
  • The Court issued notice on the suo motu case returnable on January 21.

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Uttar Pradesh State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (UP-SEIAA) cancels Environmental Clearance for sand mining in Jhansi (End of December)
  • The Uttar Pradesh State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (UP-SEIAA) cancelled the environmental clearance (EC) for sand mining on river Dhasan in Jhansi district.
  • The EC was previously cancelled after gross irregularities were discovered during the excavation of sand from the riverbed.
  • The National Green Tribunal (NGT) bench stated in their judgment dated Dec 24 that the appeal was barred by the limitation of the appeal time, which is a maximum period of 90 days.
  • The court fined Saxena Rs 25,000 for his false claim of not receiving the order of cancellation of the EC.
Government clarifies 90% of Aravalli region is protected under new Supreme Court-approved framework (End of December)
  • The Centre asserted that "90 percent of the Aravalli region will remain 'protected'" under a framework approved by the Supreme Court to prevent large-scale mining.
  • A freeze on new mining leases is in place until a "Management Plan for Sustainable Mining is prepared for the entire landscape by the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)."
  • The new definition identifies an "Aravalli Hill" as "any landform in designated Aravalli districts with an elevation of 100 metres or more above its local relief."
  • An "Aravalli Range" is defined as a "collection of two or more such hills within 500 metres of each other."
  • According to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), "In the total area of 1.44 lakh square kilometres of the Aravalli, mining eligibility can only be in 0.19 per cent of the area."
  • The MoEFCC committee recommended prohibiting mining in "core and inviolate areas, including protected areas, eco-sensitive zones, tiger reserves, wetlands and areas close to such sites."
  • The Supreme Court, on November 20, 2025, accepted the recommendations of a committee to "standardise" the definition of Aravalli hills and ranges across Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, and Delhi.
  • The government has initiated the "'Green Aravalli' movement for the preservation of the mountain range" and committed to using technology like drones for monitoring.
  • Existing mines may continue operations only if they "strictly comply with sustainable mining norms" laid down by the committee.
SC says Governors cannot delay state bills indefinitely, but rejects fixed timelines for assent (End of November)
  • The Supreme Court stated that no timeline can be prescribed by courts for the grant of assent by the Governor or the President.
  • The court clarified that constitutional authorities cannot sit over bills passed by state legislatures indefinitely.
  • The bench held that Governors must decide within a 'reasonable period' while upholding their constitutional discretion.
  • The court upheld that the Governor has discretion under Article 200 and need not act solely on the aid and advice of the Cabinet.
  • The Governor has three constitutional options under Article 200: to assent, to reserve the bill for the President, or to withhold assent and return it with comments.
  • The court emphasized that the Governor is not a mere 'rubber stamp' in the legislative process.
  • The court clarified that judicial review can be invoked only when the bill becomes law, and the discharge of functions by the Governor or the President is not justiciable.
  • In cases of prolonged, unexplained inaction, courts may issue a limited mandamus directing the Governor to act.
  • The court observed that constitutional authorities function like interdependent cogs in a clock, with checks and balances essential to prevent paralysis.
Supreme Court height-based definition sparks Aravalli mining fears (End of December)
  • The Supreme Court accepted a criterion that a landform with a rise of 100 metres from the surrounding ground qualifies as a hill or mountain.
  • The Aravalli range acts as a natural barrier against desertification, slows the eastward march of the Thar Desert, recharges groundwater, and moderates air pollution in the National Capital Region.
  • The Union government claims mining activity would be allowed in just 0.19 per cent of the Aravalli area and that nearly 90 per cent of the region remains fully protected.

Supreme Court ruling on Right to Passport and Personal Liberty on December 19, 2025

Key Updates:

  • The Supreme Court (SC) ruled that the right to travel abroad and the right to hold a passport are facets of personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
  • The judgment was delivered on December 19, 2025, by a bench comprising Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Augustine George Masih.
  • The court held that any restriction on the right to travel must be fair, just, and reasonable, and must bear a rational nexus with a legitimate purpose.
  • The ruling clarified the application of Section 62f of the Passports Act and the notification GSR 570E regarding the renewal of passports for individuals with pending criminal cases.
  • The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was the agency involved in a 2018 case in Jharkhand mentioned during the proceedings.
  • The court emphasized that a passport is a civil document and distinguished between the possession of a valid passport and the actual act of travelling abroad.

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Strongest Passports List for 2025 Released (Mid of December)
  • Arton Capital, a global citizenship financial advisory service, released the list of the strongest passports in 2025.
  • The United Arab Emirates (UAE) secured the first position on the list of strongest passports in 2025.
  • Singapore and Spain share the second position on the list of strongest passports in 2025.
  • The United States secured the ninth position on the list of strongest passports in 2025.
  • India secured the 67th position on the list of strongest passports in 2025.
Canada implements Bill C-3 citizenship changes for 'Lost Canadians' (Mid of December)
  • Bill C-3 became law last month and the new rules took effect on Monday, Dec. 15.
  • Citizenship can now be passed down to children born or adopted abroad beyond the first generation if the Canadian parent spent at least three cumulative years in Canada before the child’s birth or adoption.
  • Children born outside Canada before Dec. 15 who are second generation or later will be granted automatic Canadian citizenship.
  • Those adopted before Dec. 15 can now apply for citizenship under the new rules.
  • The 2009 first-generation limit was deemed unconstitutional by the Ontario Superior Court in December 2023; the Liberal government did not appeal.
  • Intercountry adoptees remain subject to the three-year 'substantial connection' test, a point critics argue violates the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption.
Countries with the strongest passports in 2025 (Mid of November)
  • Singapore leads the world with its passport granting access to 193 destinations.
  • South Korea’s passport holds the number two spot on the list by allowing access to 190 destinations.
  • Japan is on the number third position on the list with access to 189 destinations.
  • The European Power Group (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland) shares the fourth spot on the prestigious list, each offering visa-free access to 187 destinations.
  • Austria, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Sweden share the fifth spot on the list with access to 186 destinations.
  • Hungary, Malta, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia together share the sixth spot on the list, each allowing access to 185 destinations.
  • Australia, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, UAE, UK together share the seventh spot on the list by allowing access to 184 destinations.
  • Canada and Latvia share the eighth spot on the list with access to 183 countries.
  • Liechtenstein and Lithuania enjoy strong passports with easy access to 182 countries.
  • Iceland and Malaysia share the spot with access to 181 destinations.
Supreme Court clarifies EC inquiry powers on voter citizenship (Start of December)
  • The Supreme Court stated: 'EC does not claim that it has the power to determine citizenship of a person or declare him as a foreigner. But, if it has doubts about the citizenship of a person registered as a voter or seeking inclusion of name as a voter, it can surely inquire into it.'
  • The Court emphasized: 'The first and foremost pre-condition for inclusion as a voter is that he/she must be a citizen of India.'
  • The bench of CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi added: 'Given the constitutional and statutory powers conferred on EC, can it not undertake an inquisitorial exercise to find out who are doubtful citizens? That is included in the constitutional task of superintendence of elections.'