📰 Daily Briefing Saturday, Jan 17

Daily Current Affairs: 17 January 2026

Analysis for 17 January 2026

Shaya Mohsen Zindani appointed as Prime Minister of Yemen

[Yemen]

Key Updates:

  • Shaya Mohsen Zindani, the foreign minister, has been appointed as the new Prime Minister of Yemen.
  • He replaces Salem bin Breik, who tendered his resignation accepted by the Saudi-backed Presidential Leadership Council.
  • Zindani has been tasked to form a new cabinet.

Similar Coverage

Saudi-led coalition warns Southern Transitional Council against military moves undermining Yemen de-escalation (End of December)
  • Saudi-led coalition spokesman Brigadier General Turki al-Maliki stated 'any military movements that violate these [de-escalation] efforts will be dealt with directly and immediately'.
  • Saudi Defence Minister Khalid bin Salman posted on X that 'it’s time' for STC troops 'to let reason prevail by withdrawing from the two provinces and doing so peacefully'.
  • The STC accused Saudi Arabia of launching air strikes on its positions in Hadramout province.
  • US Secretary of State Marco Rubio urged 'restraint and continued diplomacy, with a view to reaching a lasting solution'.
  • Yemen’s government requested the Saudi-led coalition 'to take all necessary military measures to protect innocent Yemeni civilians in Hadramout province and support the armed forces'.
Mohammed Azharuddin sworn in as cabinet minister in Telangana (Start of November)
  • Mohammed Azharuddin, Telangana Congress working president and former cricketer, was sworn in as a minister.
  • His induction brings the total number of ministers to 16 in chief minister A Revanth Reddy-led cabinet.
  • He is the lone member from Muslim community in the Telangana state cabinet.
  • Governor Jishnu Dev Varma administered the oath of office and secrecy.
  • Azharuddin took the oath in the name of Allah in English and ended it by saying Jai Telangana and Jai Hind.
India's Prime Minister Modi begins three-nation tour to Jordan, Ethiopia, and Oman for Diplomacy and Trade on 15 December 2025 (Mid of December)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi has started a three-nation visit to Jordan, Ethiopia, and Oman.
  • The tour focuses on diplomacy, trade expansion, and partnerships with the Global South.
  • His first stop is Jordan, where he will meet King Abdullah II and other leaders to celebrate 75 years of diplomatic relations.
  • Next, he will visit Ethiopia for the first time, addressing Parliament and meeting Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
  • The tour will conclude in Oman on December 17 and 18.
Sultanate of Oman confers Order of Oman on Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Mid of December)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with the Order of Oman, the Sultanate's uniquely distinct civilian honour, by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik for his contributions to strengthening bilateral ties.
  • Prime Minister Modi received the award during his ongoing two-day visit to Oman, the final leg of his three-nation tour that included Jordan and Ethiopia.
  • His visit to Muscat marks the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Oman, with both sides focusing on deepening strategic partnership in trade, investment, energy, defence and culture.

Mahendra Singh Dhoni named goodwill ambassador for Pune Grand Tour 2026

Key Updates:

  • Mahendra Singh Dhoni was named the goodwill ambassador for the Pune Grand Tour 2026, India’s first international cycling road race.
  • The Bajaj Pune Grand Tour 2026 is a UCI 2.2 category multi-stage, five-day continental road cycling race for men.
  • The race covers a 437-km route across the Deccan Plateau and the Sahyadri range.
  • A total of 171 riders from 29 teams across 35 countries will participate in the event.
  • India will field two teams: the Indian National Team led by Naveen John and the Indian Development Team, featuring a total of 12 Indian riders with four substitutes.

Similar Coverage

Harmanpreet Kaur appointed as first female brand ambassador of Punjab National Bank (Start of December)
  • Harmanpreet Kaur has been appointed as the first female brand ambassador of Punjab National Bank (PNB).
  • The appointment was announced during the launch of PNB's new initiatives including the RuPay Metal Credit Card Luxura, PNB One 2.0, and Digi Surya Ghar.
  • The partnership highlights PNB's focus on inclusivity and excellence in its brand transformation journey.
Harmanpreet Kaur appointed as International Brand Ambassador of Vedanta Pink City Half Marathon (VPCHM) 2025 (Start of December)
  • Harmanpreet Kaur is Captain of the World Cup-winning Indian Women's Cricket Team.
  • Priya Agarwal Hebbar is Non-Executive Director of Vedanta Ltd and Chairperson of Hindustan Zinc Ltd.
  • Bablu Sisodiya won the 21 km Male Category of VPCHM.
  • Ujaala won the 21 km Female Category of VPCHM.
  • Pawan Kumar won the 10 km Male Category of VPCHM.
  • Saloni won the 10 km Female Category of VPCHM.
  • VPCHM is organised by AnyBody Can Run (ABCR).
Shafali Verma Honoured by Haryana CM with Cash Prize and Brand Ambassador Role (Mid of November)
  • India's Women's World Cup-winning team member Shafali Verma was felicitated by Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini.
  • She was honoured with a shawl and a cheque of Rs 1.50 crore and a 'Grade A' sports gradation certificate.
  • Shafali was appointed as the brand ambassador by the Haryana State Women's Commission.
  • The 21-year-old Shafali was named 'player of the final' for her 87 runs with the bat and 2/36 with the ball in the team's 52-run win against South Africa.
  • She was picked as a replacement for the injured Pratika Rawal and called into the India squad on the eve of the semifinal against Australia.
Rahul Dravid Becomes Brand Ambassador for Paradeep Phosphates' Innovative Campaigns (Start of November)
  • Paradeep Phosphates has unveiled a partnership with cricket superstar Rahul Dravid as their new brand ambassador.
  • The collaboration aims to forge an association between two names that represent trust, discipline, reliability, and performance.
  • The partnership marks the launch of two major nationwide campaigns: 'Kheti ka Game Changer' for Jai Kisaan Navratna Nano Shakti Nano DAP and 'NPK and Organic Fertilizers ki Winning Team' for Paradeep’s NPK and organic fertiliser range.
  • Suresh Krishnan, managing director and CEO of Paradeep Phosphates, said, 'His unwavering integrity, dedication and consistency truly reflect the values we uphold at PPL, making him a perfect representative for the brand.'
  • Dravid noted, 'Farmers and sportspersons share a similar mindset, as both rely on patience, timing, and the right support systems to succeed.'
  • The integrated campaigns will run across television, digital, and print platforms.

Amit Shah inaugurates third International Kite Festival at Baansera Park in Delhi

[Delhi]

Key Updates:

  • Amit Shah, Union Home Minister, inaugurated the 3rd International Kite Festival at Baansera Park in Delhi.
  • Shah urged the Delhi government and Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to form a committee to make Delhi the national hub for kite festivities.
  • He recalled that during the protest against the Simon Commission, kites with 'Simon Go Back' were flown across the country.
  • Shah also announced that the Indian government and several state governments will observe Somnath Swabhiman Varsh to mark the 1000th anniversary of the first attack on the Somnath temple.

Similar Coverage

Bargarh Dhanu Yatra Inaugurated at Bargarh in Odisha (End of December)
  • Recognised as the largest open-air theatre in the world, the festival recreates episodes from the Dwapar Yuga, centring on the reign of King Kansa.
  • Over an 8 km radius, the spectacle unfolds across three royal courts—Raj Darbar, Rang Mahal, and Nanda Raja’s Darbar—and 18 open-air stages, where artists bring mythology to life.
  • The festivities will feature cultural processions, temple rituals, and dramatic performances, including a grand procession from Gandhi Chowk to Samaleswari Temple.
  • The inaugural ceremony will be graced by MP Pradeep Purohit and MLA Ashwini Sarangi.
Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal memorial. (End of December)
  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, on December 25, 2025.
  • The memorial was established to honor the 101st birth anniversary of former PM and Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • The 65-acre complex features 65-feet-high bronze statues of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founder ideologues Syama Prasad Mookerjee and Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay.
  • The facility includes a lotus-shaped museum spread over approximately 98,000 square feet and an amphitheatre with a seating capacity of 3,000 people.
  • The project was developed by the Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) under the Basant Kunj scheme at an approximate cost of ₹230 crore.
Grand 10th Gita Jayanti Mahotsav in Kurukshetra (Mid of November)
  • The 10th Gita Jayanti Mahotsav in Kurukshetra is set to be a grand spiritual and cultural event.
  • The festival is running from November 15th to December 5th.
  • Madhya Pradesh is a partner in this international event.
  • December 1st will see massive global Gita recitations.
  • The festival aligns with the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Guru Teg Bahadur.
8th Chair Poetry Evenings – Kolkata’s International Poetry Festival to be held from November 28 to 30, 2025 (Mid of November)
  • The festival will feature poets from thirteen countries presenting works in sixteen different languages.
  • The event reinforces the festival’s spirit of global poetic exchange as stated in the article.
  • The eighth edition of Chair Poetry Evenings is scheduled to take place in Kolkata.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics records women’s Labor Force Participation Rate at 57.3 percent.

[United States, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]

Key Updates:

  • The Labor Force Participation Rate for Women stood at 57.3 percent in December 2025.
  • The data is released monthly and seasonally adjusted.
  • The next release date for this indicator is February 6, 2026.

Similar Coverage

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) records unemployment rate at 7-month low of 4.7%. (Mid of December)
  • Unemployment Rate for persons aged 15 years and above declined to 4.7% in November 2025, the lowest since April 2025.
  • Rural unemployment rate fell to 3.9% in November 2025, while urban unemployment rate decreased to 6.5%.
  • Female unemployment rate dropped to 4.8% in November 2025 from 5.4% in October 2025.
  • Male unemployment rate decreased to 4.6% in November 2025 compared to 5.1% in October 2025.
  • Worker Population Ratio for persons aged 15 years and above rose to 53.2% in November 2025 from 52.8% in April 2025.
  • Labour Force Participation Rate among persons aged 15 years and above increased to 55.8% in November 2025, the highest since April 2025.
  • Rural female Labour Force Participation Rate increased from 35.2% in June 2025 to 39.7% in November 2025.
Ministry of Industry data shows Wholesale Price Index inflation at 0.83% in December 2025. (Mid of January)
  • Wholesale price inflation recorded at 0.83% in December 2025, returning to positive territory after negative readings of (-)0.32% in November and (-)1.21% in October.
  • Retail inflation rose to 1.33% in December from 0.71% in November, driven by rising food prices.
  • Deflation in vegetables narrowed to 3.50% in December from 20.23% in November.
  • Inflation in manufactured products increased to 1.82% in December from 1.33% in November.
  • Deflation in fuel and power sectors continued at 2.31% in December compared to 2.27% in November.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cut policy interest rates by 1.25 percentage points during the current fiscal year.
  • RBI lowered inflation projection for the current fiscal to 2% from the earlier 2.6%.
  • RBI reduced key policy interest rates by 25 basis points to 5.25% last month.
  • RBI raised FY26 GDP growth projection to 7.3% from the previous 6.8%.
  • India registered GDP growth of 8.2% in the September quarter and 7.8% in the June quarter.
WMO and BoM Confirm Weak La Niña Underway, Set to Influence Global Weather into 2026 (Start of December)
  • The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says there is a 55 per cent probability of a weak La Niña over the next three months.
  • The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) confirms La Niña has emerged and is now firmly established in the tropical Pacific.
  • The latest Niño3.4 SST index for the week ending 23 November is −0.93 °C, with sustained values below −0.8 °C signalling La Niña.
  • The 30-day SOI was at +16.1 and the 90-day value was at +8.5, with sustained readings above +7.0 confirming the La Niña pattern.
  • The negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) remains active but has weakened to −0.60 °C and is predicted to return to neutral in December.
  • Sea surface temperatures in the Australian region were the second warmest on record for October and are likely to persist into early 2026.
  • From December 2025 to February 2026, temperatures are expected to remain above normal across much of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
  • For India, this could mean a cooler winter in the north, more frequent western disturbances and a higher chance of stronger systems forming in the Bay of Bengal.
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) records November IIP growth at 6.7% (End of December)
  • India’s industrial output rose 6.7 per cent year-on-year in November, posting the highest rate of growth in 25 months.
  • Manufacturing production grew 8 per cent, the most in 25 months.
  • Mining sector growth rebounded to 5.4 per cent in November after contracting in six of the previous seven months.
  • Electricity generation declined 1.5 per cent in November compared to the same month last year.
  • Industrial production rose 3.3 per cent in April-November versus 4.1 per cent in the first eight months of 2024-25.
  • Manufacturing output increased 4.4 per cent in April-November, while mining output fell 0.9 per cent and electricity generation dipped 0.2 per cent.
  • Consumer non-durables production rose 7.3 per cent in November after falling 5.2 per cent in October.
  • Capital goods output grew 10.4 per cent, infrastructure goods 12.1 per cent, and consumer durables 10.3 per cent in November.

Indian Banks' Association (IBA) honours Karnataka Bank with multiple Banking Technology Awards.

[Karnataka, Indian Banks' Association (IBA)]

Key Updates:

  • Karnataka Bank won the Winner title in the 'Best Fintech & DPI Adoption' category.
  • Karnataka Bank was adjudged Runner-up in the 'Best Tech Talent' category.
  • Karnataka Bank received Special Mention in the 'Best Technology Bank' category.
  • Karnataka Bank received Special Mention in the 'Best Digital Financial Inclusion' category.
  • Karnataka Bank received Special Mention in the 'Best Digital Sales' category.

Similar Coverage

Indian Banks' Association (IBA) honours Karnataka Bank with multiple Banking Technology Awards (Mid of January)
  • Karnataka Bank won the 'Best Fintech & DPI Adoption' category at the IBA Banking Technology Awards.
  • Karnataka Bank was adjudged runner-up in the 'Best Tech Talent' category.
  • Karnataka Bank received special mention in 'Best Technology Bank', 'Best Digital Financial Inclusion', and 'Best Digital Sales' categories.
Karnataka Bank enables Khajane-2 e-receipt payments via Internet Banking. (Mid of January)
  • Karnataka Bank has integrated Khajane-2 e-receipt payments into its Internet Banking platform.
  • The integration follows authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and approval from the Department of Treasuries, Government of Karnataka.
  • Customers can now pay State government taxes and fees through the Khajane-2 Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) using the bank’s net banking service.
The Banker names DBS Global Bank of the Year 2025 (Mid of December)
  • DBS has been named Global Bank of the Year 2025 by The Banker.
  • This marks DBS's third win in the Global Bank of the Year category.
  • DBS also secured Asia Bank of the Year, Singapore Bank of the Year, Investment Bank of the Year – Asia, and Investment Bank of the Year for Financial Institutions Group.
  • The awards were decided from submissions by 294 banks globally.
  • The Banker highlighted DBS's investment in AI to protect customers from financial scams and its commitment to training staff on new technology.
  • DBS's work on smart contracts designed to deliver faster, smoother payments across jurisdictions impressed the judging committee.
  • DBS's approach to applying AI, machine learning, and digital infrastructure across operations and customer services was a key factor in the assessment.
  • DBS recently crossed $100 billion in market capitalisation in 2024, becoming the first Singapore-listed company to do so.
  • For FY24, DBS recorded 11% growth in net profit and 11% growth in Tier-1 capital.
  • DBS's return on equity was 18%, cost-to-income ratio was 39.9%, and non-performing loan ratio was 1.1% for FY24.
Kerala Retains Top Achiever Status in National Ease of Doing Business Rankings 2024 (Mid of November)
  • Scheme Name: Business Reforms Action Plan (BRAP) 2024 national Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) ratings released by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Union Government of India
  • Kerala’s Achievement: State secured “Top Achiever” position in the “Fast Movers” category with 99.1 per cent reform implementation score, up from 91 per cent last year
  • Evaluation Weightage: 70 per cent weightage to investor feedback and 30 per cent to reform completion
  • Implementing Coordination: 22 government departments and agencies led by Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC)

Madhya Pradesh and Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD) Partner for Multilingual AI-Driven Governance

[Madhya Pradesh, Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD)]

Key Updates:

  • The Government of Madhya Pradesh and the Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enable multilingual digital governance.
  • Chief Minister Dr Mohan Yadav announced that Madhya Pradesh will soon introduce a State AI Policy in mission mode, aimed at accelerating responsible and inclusive AI adoption across departments.
  • The MoU formalises the integration of BHASHINI’s language technologies, translation APIs and AI-powered language tools across state government digital platforms to ensure wider and more equitable access to public services in multiple Indian languages.
  • The partnership aims to support the deployment of voice-first and multilingual AI solutions across the digital governance ecosystem of Madhya Pradesh to strengthen accessibility and last-mile service delivery.
  • The collaboration was announced during the Madhya Pradesh Regional AI Impact Conference 2026 held in Bhopal on 15-01-2026.

Similar Coverage

PPP-Model Medical Colleges in Madhya Pradesh Tribal Districts (End of December)
  • Madhya Pradesh to set up India’s first PPP-model medical colleges in Dhar and Betul tribal districts.
  • State government provides up to 25 acres of land on lease; private partners build academic and clinical infrastructure.
  • Associated district hospitals upgraded as per National Medical Commission norms while remaining under State administrative control.
  • Two more PPP colleges planned at Katni and Panna; foundation ceremonies for these to follow.
  • Chief Minister announces similar PPP medical colleges will also come up in Bhind, Morena, Khargone, Ashoknagar, Guna, Balaghat, Tikamgarh, Sidhi, and Shajapur districts.
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) to organise BHASHINI Samudaye Workshop (Mid of January)
  • The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology will organise the BHASHINI Samudaye workshop, Strengthening India’s Language AI Ecosystem, in New Delhi.
  • BHASHINI Samudaye is a BHASHINI-led collaborative initiative that brings together language experts, academic institutions, civil society organisations, and data practitioners to co-create, govern, and scale language AI solutions for India.
  • The workshop will feature focused sessions on scaling BHASHINI, including discussions on platform capabilities, strategic priorities, and pathways for collaboration with stakeholders and implementation partners.
Odisha hosts two-day Regional AI Impact Summit 2025 to advance sustainable AI solutions (Mid of December)
  • Odisha is hosting a two-day Regional AI Impact Summit 2025 in Bhubaneswar organised by the Electronics and Information Technology Department, Government of Odisha.
  • The summit focuses on scalable public AI solutions centred on the 3Ps - People, Planet, and Progress.
  • Odisha Minister Mukesh Mahaling stated that the outcomes of this summit will inform how AI can be used to monitor governance modules.
  • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Secretary Saurabh Garg said the objective is to ensure AI is available for the benefit of all without requiring users to know the technology.
  • Principal Secretary Vishal Kumar Dev noted that Odisha is the first state in the country to bring out an AI policy.
  • The Odisha government launched the Odisha AI mission aligned with the India AI mission to democratise AI through access, affordability, equity, and inclusivity.
India’s 2025 AI Leap: BharatGen Multimodal LLU, 34,000-GPU Compute Pool, and Ethical Governance (Start of December)
  • India’s national compute capacity crossed 34,000 GPUs under the IndiaAI Mission.
  • BharatGen AI, the first multimodal large language model built to work across 22 Indian languages, was launched on June 2, 2025.
  • Over Rs. 10,300 crore was allocated to the IndiaAI Mission over five years for infrastructure, talent, safety, and data access.
  • Bhashini, India’s multilingual AI platform, signed an MoU with the Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to provide services in 22 languages at railway stations.

Womaniya Initiative: Empowering Over 2 Lakh Women-Led MSEs in Public Procurement

Key Updates:

  • The Government e-Marketplace (GeM) celebrated seven years of its Womaniya initiative, a program aimed at bolstering the participation of women-led Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in public procurement.
  • According to the Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoCI), over two lakh women-led MSEs are registered on the GeM portal.
  • Since its launch on January 14, 2019, these enterprises have secured public procurement orders over Rs 80,000 crore, accounting for 4.7% of the total order value on GeM.
  • The initiative provides a transparent, digital interface, reducing entry hurdles and eliminating intermediaries to foster gender-inclusive economic growth.
  • A new partnership with the Women's Collective Forum aims to enhance support for women entrepreneurs and improve market access.

Similar Coverage

National Campaign on Entrepreneurship to Train 50,000 Community Resource Persons and 50 Lakh SHG Members (Mid of January)
  • The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) launched the “National Campaign on Entrepreneurship” under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
  • The key objective of the campaign is to “train and build capacity of 50,000 community resource persons (CRPs) on enterprise promotion and impart EDP training to 50 lakh SHG members of DAY-NRLM.”
  • The campaign was launched on 12th January 2026 with the theme “Promoting Rural Women Entrepreneurship – Har Ghar Udyam, Har Gaon Samriddh.”
  • The initiative supports the MoRD commitment to “enabling at least 3 crore Lakhpati Didis, i.e., SHG women members earning ₹1 lakh or more per annum.”
  • The campaign aims to “catalyse millions of rural entrepreneurs, paving the way for a resilient, inclusive, and self-reliant non-farm rural economy.”
  • The program focuses on the “promotion of non-farm rural enterprises” as a critical pathway to bring transformational change in the income levels of rural women.
SHAKTI Scholars Young Research Fellowship offers ₹1 lakh grant for women-centric policy research (End of December)
  • The National Commission for Women has launched SHAKTI Scholars: NCW’s Young Research Fellowship programme.
  • The fellowship invites applications from citizens aged 21 to 30 years with a minimum qualification of graduation from a recognised institution.
  • Selected candidates will receive a research grant of one lakh rupees to undertake a six-month research study on women-centric policy issues.
Mizoram launches GBV Solve Project to curb gender-based violence (Start of November)
  • Project Name: GBV Solve Project; launched by Mizoram Social Welfare Minister Lalrinpuii; implemented in the state by Mission Foundation Movement (MFM) in collaboration with the state women and child development department.
  • Objective: Address violence against women and children, promote gender equality, and empower women through skill training.
  • Key Feature: Apart from focusing on violence against women, the project will also educate children (both boys and girls) about gender equality and provide skill training for women to help them earn livelihoods.
GeM–UN Women MoU: Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Public Procurement (End of November)
  • MoU signed between Government e-Marketplace (GeM) under Ministry of Commerce & Industry and UN Women to integrate women entrepreneurs from informal sector into India’s public procurement ecosystem.
  • Aims to advance GeM’s Womaniya initiative to increase procurement from women-led enterprises and expand government market access for women entrepreneurs and SHGs.
  • UN Women will design training tools, recommend global gender-responsive procurement models, support validation criteria for women-led businesses, and mobilise women trainers.
  • GeM will conduct capacity-building training, sensitisation workshops for buyers, onboarding events, and connect women-owned enterprises with Government Labs & R&D for product development and quality enhancement.

RBI Internal Ombudsman Scheme strengthens complaint review norms

[Reserve Bank of India (RBI)]

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India has strengthened the review mechanism within regulated entities before they reject or partially resolve a customer complaint.
  • All complaints that are partially resolved or wholly rejected by the internal grievance redress mechanism shall be auto escalated to the office of the internal ombudsman for a review.
  • An internal ombudsman shall either be a retired or serving officer, in the rank equivalent to a general manager in the regulated entity, appointed for a three-year period and must be below 70 before completion of tenure.
  • The internal ombudsman shall report to the competent authority of the entity administratively, and to the customer service committee of the board, and shall be designated as a permanent invitee to the meetings of the customer service committee of the board.
  • The directions apply to commercial banks, small finance banks, payments banks, non-banking finance companies, non-bank prepaid payment instrument issuers and credit information companies.

Similar Coverage

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) tightens complaint review norms and expands Internal Ombudsman oversight. (Mid of January)
  • All complaints wholly rejected or partially resolved by regulated entities must be auto-escalated to the Internal Ombudsman for review.
  • Regulated entities must ensure that no complaint is closed by the same branch or touch point that handled it.
  • Compensation may be offered for material loss, loss of time, expenses, and mental agony suffered by complainants.
  • Internal Ombudsman shall be a retired or serving officer of rank equivalent to General Manager, appointed for three years and below 70 years of age at tenure end.
  • Internal Ombudsman reports administratively to the competent authority and functionally to the Customer Service Committee of the Board.
  • Internal Ombudsman shall be a permanent invitee to Customer Service Committee meetings to ensure board oversight.
  • Internal Ombudsman shall not handle complaints received directly from the public, only those escalated after internal review.
  • Decisions by Internal Ombudsman or Deputy Internal Ombudsman must be submitted to the RBI Ombudsman.
  • The directions apply to commercial banks, small finance banks, payments banks, NBFCs, prepaid payment instrument issuers, and credit information companies.
  • Housing finance companies, core investment companies, infrastructure debt fund-NBFCs, NBFC-infrastructure finance companies, non-operative financial holding companies, primary dealers, and mortgage guarantee companies are excluded.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) receives 13.34 lakh complaints under RB-IOS in FY25 up 13.55% (Start of December)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) received 13,34,244 complaints under RB-IOS in FY25, up 13.55% from 11,75,075 previous year.
  • Loans and Advances accounted for 29.25% of total complaints.
  • Credit Cards contributed 17.15% of complaints, up 20.04% year-on-year.
  • Mobile and electronic banking complaints stood at 16.86%, down 12.74%.
  • Deposit Accounts made up 16.84% of complaints.
  • ATM/debit cards accounted for 6.10% of complaints.
  • Top five categories constituted 86.20% of all complaints.
  • 91.22% of complaints lodged through online modes such as CMS and email.
  • RBI Contact Centre handled 9.27 lakh calls, up 28.89%.
  • Metropolitan regions contributed 45.86% of complaints.
  • Rural areas accounted for 10.04% of complaints.
  • RB-IOS launched on November 12, 2021.
e-Jagriti Portal: Key Features and Consumer Grievance Redressal Impact (Mid of November)
  • Portal Name: e-Jagriti digital consumer grievance redressal platform, Consumer Affairs Ministry, Government of India
  • Objective: Provide seamless global access and improve resolution efficiency for consumer complaints across India
  • Key Features: OTP-based registration, digital document exchange, virtual hearings, provisions for visually impaired users, paperless processing
Forest officials appear before OHRC in Satkosia compensation case (End of October)
  • Senior forest officials, including the PCCF Wildlife, appeared before the Odisha Human Rights Commission regarding alleged inadequate compensation for families relocated from Satkosia Tiger Reserve.
  • Complainants alleged that 'hundreds of families from five villages were relocated from the tiger reserve to other places without holding gram sabhas and conducting a proper survey.'
  • The commission heard the case and asked officials to follow the rules; the order is yet to be uploaded on the OHRC website.
  • The next hearing is scheduled for October 30.

Karnataka Land Revenue (Second Amendment) Act 2025 modernises Jamma Bane land records in Kodagu

[Karnataka]

Key Updates:

  • The Karnataka Land Revenue (Second Amendment) Act 2025 empowers tahsildars in Kodagu district to correct land records to bring them in conformity with the Karnataka Land Revenue Act 1964.
  • The amendment targets Jamma Bane holdings where original grantee names persist in records despite generational transfers, blocking sale or bank loans.
  • Tahsildars will conduct enquiries and hold adalats before updating the Record of Rights, and any order passed will be appealable under the Act.

Similar Coverage

Akka Pade Scheme State-wide Rollout to Protect Women and Minor Girls (Mid of January)
  • The Karnataka Cabinet has approved the statewide implementation of the 'Akka Pade' scheme across all 31 districts and five police commissionerates.
  • The decision is aimed at strengthening efforts to prevent atrocities against minor girls and women, including child marriages, by extending the initiative beyond its pilot phase.
  • Law and Parliamentary Affairs Minister HK Patil said the 'Akka Pade' scheme was initially launched on a trial basis in select districts to curb child marriages and protect minor girls and women from abuse and exploitation.
Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025: Proposes Stringent Punishment for Hate Speech (Mid of December)
  • The Karnataka government tabled the Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025, in the legislative assembly.
  • The bill proposes stringent punishment for those indulging in hate speeches, considering it an act of promoting enmity between communities or inciting violence on grounds of religion, caste, language, gender, or region.
  • It aims to curb and prevent the dissemination, publication, or promotion of hate speech and crimes, prescribe punishment for such crimes, and provide compensation to victims.
  • First-time conviction for hate speech could lead to a prison term of between one and seven years with a fine of up to Rs 50,000, and such offences are sought to be made non-bailable.
  • A second conviction for a similar offence could result in a jail term of two to ten years with a fine of Rs 1 lakh.
  • The bill empowers designated officers to direct any service provider, intermediary, person, or entity to block or remove hate crime materials from its domain, including electronic media.
Goa Bill bars land sale till mundkar rights settled (Start of January)
  • The Goa government will introduce a bill to stop landlords from selling land until mundkars’ rights are settled.
  • The bill is likely to be introduced in the winter session of the Goa legislative assembly beginning from Jan 12.
  • CM Pramod Sawant said the move protects mundkars who live in landlords’ properties but are yet to be officially declared mundkars.
Tamil Nadu District Mineral Foundation Rules 2025 Mandate 70% of DMF Funds for Directly Affected Areas (Start of January)
  • The Tamil Nadu District Mineral Foundation Rules, 2025 supersede the 2017 rules.
  • A minimum of 70% of the District Mineral Trust Fund must be spent on directly affected areas and high-priority sectors such as drinking water supply and health care.
  • Mining lease holders who contravene contribution norms face a penalty equal to a one-time payment of the contribution plus 12% interest for the contravention period.
  • The District Collector concerned will be the chairperson of the District Mineral Foundation Trust, Managing Committee, and Governing Council.
  • All royalty or seigniorage fee payments must include the Trust Fund component; no such fee shall be accepted without the mandatory contribution.
  • Districts with annual collections of ₹10 crore or more shall maintain an endowment fund of up to 10% of annual receipts to create sustainable livelihoods in areas where mining has ceased.

Supreme Court clarifies Merit-Based Allocation for Reserved Category Candidates

[Supreme Court of India]

Key Updates:

  • The Supreme Court ruled that reserved category candidates who score above the general category cutoff must be adjusted against unreserved seats.
  • The Court stated that the 'unreserved' category is an open pool based strictly on merit, not a quota for general candidates.
  • The judgment emphasized that such merit-based adjustment is required under Article 14 and Article 16 of the Constitution.

Similar Coverage

Supreme Court clarifies EC inquiry powers on voter citizenship (Start of December)
  • The Supreme Court stated: 'EC does not claim that it has the power to determine citizenship of a person or declare him as a foreigner. But, if it has doubts about the citizenship of a person registered as a voter or seeking inclusion of name as a voter, it can surely inquire into it.'
  • The Court emphasized: 'The first and foremost pre-condition for inclusion as a voter is that he/she must be a citizen of India.'
  • The bench of CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi added: 'Given the constitutional and statutory powers conferred on EC, can it not undertake an inquisitorial exercise to find out who are doubtful citizens? That is included in the constitutional task of superintendence of elections.'
Kerala HC orders BCI to approve two transgender seats in every state law college (Start of November)
  • Interim direction to Bar Council of India to immediately approve creation of two dedicated seats for transgender students in all Kerala law colleges
  • Approval mandated within ten days of receiving the court order copy
  • Petition filed by a transgender woman denied admission to Government Law College, Kozhikode, despite qualifying KLEE 2025
Punjab Scheduled Castes Commission Opens Dedicated Courtroom for Faster Hearings (End of November)
  • Initiative Name: Punjab State Scheduled Castes Commission's separate Court Room (first-of-its-kind in any State Scheduled Castes Commission in India)
  • Objective: "to ensure faster hearings, timely disposal of cases and overall efficiency in the functioning of the Commission"
  • Key Feature: "Equipped with modern facilities" and an "Online Court System would also be introduced soon to enable complainants to appear virtually, saving time, travel, and expenses for the public"
Justice Surya Kant appointed as 53rd Chief Justice of India (Start of November)
  • President Droupadi Murmu on Thursday appointed Justice Surya Kant as the 53rd Chief Justice of India.
  • Justice Kant, who is likely to take oath on November 24, will succeed CJI B R Gavai, who is due to retire on November 23.
  • Justice Kant will serve as CJI for nearly 15 months until his retirement on February 9, 2027.
  • He will also be the first CJI from Haryana.
  • Justice Surya Kant was born on February 10, 1962, in Haryana’s Hisar and obtained a degree in law from Punjab’s Maharshi Dayanand University.
  • Hegan his legal practice at the Hisar District Court in 1984 and was the youngest Advocate General of Haryana at the age of 38.
  • At 43, he was elevated a judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court and served there for 14 years before being appointed Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court.
  • In his nearly six-year tenure in the Supreme Court, he has been part of several significant judgments, including the 2023 ruling on the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution; 2024 verdict on the minority tag to Aligarh Muslim University; the grant of bail to former Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal in 2024, and the bench that granted bail to Alt-News co-founder Mohammed Zubair in 2022.

Online Gaming Act: Blocking of 242 Illegal Betting and Gambling Websites

Key Updates:

  • The Government of India (GoI) blocked 242 illegal betting and gambling website links under the Online Gaming Act, which came into force in October 2025.
  • The "Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025" received presidential assent in August 2025 to promote e-sports and social online games while banning harmful money-based gaming.
  • The online gaming rules came into effect on October 1, 2025, focusing on curbing financial and social harm caused by illegal online betting and gambling platforms.
  • Enforcement actions have resulted in more than 7,800 such platforms being taken down to protect users, especially the youth.
  • Under the regulations, action will be taken against service providers, advertisers, promoters and those financing such platforms, while players themselves will not be penalised.

Similar Coverage

UAE Approves First Licensed Sports Wagering and iGaming Platform (Mid of December)
  • The United Arab Emirates has issued its first official license for an online sports wagering and internet gaming platform.
  • The approval was granted by the General Commercial Gaming Regulatory Authority (GCGRA).
  • Play971 is the first licensed operator offering both internet gaming and sports wagering services in the UAE.
  • Play971 is operated by Coin Technology Projects LLC, a limited liability company incorporated in Abu Dhabi.
  • Users must be at least 21 years old and physically present within the UAE to register, fund an account, or participate in gaming activities.
  • Wynn Resorts was awarded the country’s first commercial gaming license by the GCGRA for its Wynn Al Marjan Island project in Ras Al Khaimah.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cancels registration of 35 NBFCs and accepts surrender from 16 others. (Start of January)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cancelled the Certificate of Registration of 35 NBFCs including Satya Prakash Capital Investment Limited and Sunlife Securities Private Limited for regulatory non-compliance.
  • The cancellations were effective between December 9, 2025, and December 31, 2025, under Section 45-IA(6) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
  • The affected companies are no longer permitted to carry out the business of non-banking financial institutions.
  • 16 NBFCs voluntarily surrendered their Certificate of Registration to RBI leading to its cancellation for reasons including exit from NBFC business, meeting criteria for unregistered Core Investment Companies (CICs), and ceasing to be a legal entity due to merger, amalgamation, dissolution, or voluntary strike-off.
Australia's Under-16 Social Media Ban: Key Provisions and Objectives (End of November)
  • The new Australian law, which takes effect on 10 December, will block under-16s from using major social media platforms.
  • The ban also applies to TikTok, YouTube, X, Reddit and several other platforms.
  • Prime Minister Anthony Albanese described the measure as a “world-leading” ban intended to “let kids be kids”.
  • Australia’s e-Safety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant said it was designed to protect teenagers “from pressures and risks they can be exposed to while logged in to social media accounts”.
  • Under the new law, social media platforms that fail to take “reasonable steps” to prevent under-16s from accessing their services could face fines of up to A$50 million.
  • Teenagers who believe they meet the age requirement can challenge the decision by submitting a “video selfie” for facial age estimation or by providing a government-issued ID such as a driver’s licence.
RBI adds seven more names to alert list of unauthorised forex trading platforms (End of November)
  • The Reserve Bank of India has expanded its alert list of unauthorised online forex trading platforms by adding seven more names, bringing the total count to 95.
  • The newly added platforms are Starnet FX, CapPlace, Mirrox, Fusion Markets, Trive, NXG Markets, and Nord FX.
  • According to the RBI, all entities on the list are neither permitted to conduct foreign exchange transactions under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, nor cleared to run electronic trading platforms for forex dealings.

Uttar Pradesh North-South Corridor Project to link 20 districts with 2,340 km road network

[Uttar Pradesh]

Key Updates:

  • The Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department has proposed a first-of-its-kind North-South corridor project to improve connectivity for 20 districts.
  • The chief minister’s office has approved six stretches connecting various cities along the North-South corridor.
  • The total length of this North-South corridor is 2,340 km.

Similar Coverage

Swadesh Darshan Yojana (SDY): Rs 148 Crore Sanctioned for Bhoramdev Corridor Project (Start of January)
  • The Bhoramdev Corridor project has been approved under the Central Government's Swadesh Darshan Yojana.
  • An amount of Rs 148 crore has been sanctioned for the project to develop the 1,000-year-old Bhoramdev Temple corridor.
  • Development work will be carried out here for Rs 148 crore, which includes the launch of a tribal corridor and a convention centre.
  • Chhattisgarh has 219 projects worth Rs 7.83 lakh crore across 18 sectors now advancing rapidly since November 2024.
  • These initiatives are poised to generate over 1.5 lakh jobs across 26 of the state's 33 districts.
  • Of the total investment, nine marquee projects valued at Rs 6,063 crore are already operational, while 109 projects, representing Rs 2.10 lakh crore and 87,132 jobs, are in advanced stages of construction.
Cabinet Clears ₹9,857 Cr Pune Metro Phase-II Project (End of November)
  • The Union Cabinet approved Line 4 Kharadi–Hadapsar–Swargate–Khadakwasla and Line 4A Nal Stop–Warje–Manik Baug under Phase-2 of the Pune Metro Rail Project.
  • The project has an estimated cost of Rs 9,857.85 crore, to be jointly funded by the Government of India, Government of Maharashtra, and external bilateral/multilateral funding agencies.
  • Line 4 and 4A will connect IT hubs, commercial zones, educational institutions, and residential clusters across East, South, and West Pune.
  • The approval was made on November 26, 2025.
Delhi Metro Phase V(A) Project: Union Cabinet approves Rs 12,014.9-crore expansion (End of December)
  • The Union Cabinet approved Delhi Metro’s Phase V(A) project, which will add three new corridors spanning 16 kilometres and 13 stations to the network.
  • The Rs 12,014.9-crore project, scheduled for completion in three years, will be funded by the Government of India, the Government of Delhi, and international funding agencies.
  • The three corridors comprise the 9.91-km stretch between Ramakrishnan Ashram Marg and Indraprastha, the 2.26-km link between Aerocity and Indira Gandhi Airport Terminal 1, and the 3.9-km route connecting Tughlakabad to Kalindi Kunj.
  • The expansion will extend the Magenta and Golden lines, taking the total Delhi Metro network to nearly 400 km.
  • The project includes 10 underground and three elevated stations to reduce road congestion and boost the economy.
PM Modi Flags Off Four New Vande Bharat Express Trains: Routes, Travel Time, and Objectives (Start of November)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off four new Vande Bharat Express trains.
  • The new routes include Banaras–Khajuraho, Lucknow Junction–Saharanpur, Firozpur Cantt–Delhi, and Bengaluru–Ernakulam.
  • These additions are expected to boost regional mobility, tourism, and trade, supporting economic growth and improving access to cultural and commercial centres.
  • The Banaras–Khajuraho Vande Bharat Express will save nearly 2 hours and 40 minutes compared to existing services.
  • The Lucknow–Saharanpur Vande Bharat Express will cover the journey in about 7 hours and 45 minutes, reducing travel time by nearly an hour.
  • The Firozpur–Delhi Vande Bharat Express will be the fastest train on this route, completing the journey in just 6 hours and 40 minutes.
  • The Bengaluru–Ernakulam Vande Bharat Express will complete the journey in 8 hours and 40 minutes, cutting travel time by over 2 hours.
  • The Banaras–Khajuraho route aims to create direct connectivity between Varanasi and Khajuraho, passing through Prayagraj and Chitrakoot.
  • The Firozpur–Delhi service is expected to enhance trade and employment opportunities, boost tourism, and contribute to the socio-economic growth of border areas.
  • The Bengaluru–Ernakulam route connects major IT, educational, and commercial hubs, promoting economic collaboration and tourism between Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.

National Capacity Building Programme for Tribal Healers Launched to Formally Recognize 1 Lakh Healers as Public Health Partners

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) hosted the first "national Capacity Building Programme for Tribal Healers" on 16-01-2026 to formally recognize them as collaborative partners in India’s public health ecosystem.
  • The MoTA has set a target to formally recognise and enable one lakh tribal healers as partners in strengthening tribal health services.
  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between MoTA and ICMR–Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, for the establishment of India’s first National Tribal Health Observatory —the Bharat Tribal Health Observatory (B-THO) —under Project DRISTI.
  • The initiative will institutionalise tribe-disaggregated health surveillance and focus on the elimination of malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, and Sickle Cell Disease elimination, aligned with the national goal of elimination by 2047.
  • The programme positions tribal healers to play a transformative role in preventive care, early identification of illness, and timely referrals to strengthen last-mile health outreach.

Similar Coverage

PM-JANMAN Initiative for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (End of November)
  • PM-JANMAN focuses on housing, health, education and livelihood for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
  • Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan improves village-level infrastructure and governance.
  • Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan provides capacity building and leadership development for frontline tribal welfare officials.
Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine commences in New Delhi (End of December)
  • The Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine kicked off on Wednesday, with a focus on 'Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-Being,' at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
  • Union Health Minister JP Nadda and WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasised the importance of traditional medicine in global healthcare.
  • The three-day global scientific gathering is held from December 17th to 19th, 2025.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to grace the closing ceremony of the Summit on December 19th, 2025.
  • The summit is being jointly organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Ayush, Government of India.
WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025: India to host Ashwagandha-focused side event (Start of December)
  • The Ministry of Ayush (MoA) will host a dedicated side event on Ashwagandha titled 'Ashwagandha: From Traditional Wisdom to Global Impact – Perspectives from Leading Global Experts' during the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine.
  • The side event is organised by WHO-GTMC in collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush.
  • The 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine will be held in Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA) signs MoUs with spiritual organisations to boost mass awareness (End of December)
  • Department of Social Justice & Empowerment signed MoUs with Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Dhanwantari Ashram and University of Patanjali under NMBA.
  • NMBA launched on 15th August 2020 in 272 vulnerable districts and now covers all districts of India.
  • 25.7+ crore people sensitised on substance use including 9.2+ crore youth and 6.3+ crore women.
  • 15.98+ lakh educational institutions participated to spread NMBA message among children and youth.
  • MoUs signed with 8 spiritual organisations: The Art of Living, Brahma Kumaris, Sant Nirankari Mission, ISKCON, Shri Ram Chandra Mission, All World Gayatri Pariwar, Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Dhanwantari Ashram and University of Patanjali.

Bharat Electricity Summit 2026 to be held in New Delhi to Showcase Global Energy Leadership

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Power (MoP) and Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) announced that the Bharat Electricity Summit 2026 will be held from March 19 to 22, 2026, at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi.
  • The four-day Summit will be held under the theme 'Electrifying Growth. Empowering Sustainability. Connecting Globally' to showcase India's leadership in the global energy transition.
  • The event is expected to host more than 500 exhibitors, welcome over 25,000 attendees, and attract more than 1,000 delegates and 300 speakers from India and abroad.
  • A key feature of the Summit will be a 'Buyer Seller Meet' aimed at accelerating partnerships and unlocking new business opportunities across the global power supply chain.
  • The Summit will serve as a platform for global policymakers, CEOs, government leaders, electricity experts, investors, regulators, innovators, suppliers, and solution providers to engage and network.

Similar Coverage

India Reaffirms 500 GW Non-Fossil Target and 266 GW Renewable Milestone at 16th IRENA Assembly (Mid of January)
  • India’s Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Pralhad Joshi, delivered the national statement at the 16th Assembly of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in Abu Dhabi, UAE, on January 12, 2026.
  • Joshi reaffirmed India’s target of 500 GW non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 and Net Zero emissions by 2070.
  • India achieved 50 percent of its installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources in 2025, five years ahead of its Paris Agreement NDC target.
  • India’s renewable energy capacity now exceeds 266 GW, with nearly 50 GW added in 2025 alone.
  • Under PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, 2.5 million households gained rooftop solar in under two years, targeting 10 million by March 2027.
  • PM-KUSUM has been deployed for 2.17 million farmers via diesel pump replacements and solarised agricultural feeders.
  • India requires USD 300 billion by 2030 for renewables, storage, green hydrogen, grids, and manufacturing.
  • Joshi urged international collaboration on technology transfer, low-cost finance, capacity building, and standards harmonisation, especially for developing nations.
  • In a bilateral meeting, Joshi discussed with the UAE's Minister of Climate Change and Environment, Amna bint Abdullah Al Dahak, ways to deepen ties in renewables, decentralised energy, manufacturing, storage, and blended finance.
Odisha hosts Global Energy Leaders’ Summit 2025 to advance India’s renewable energy transition (Start of December)
  • Odisha is hosting the Global Energy Leaders’ Summit (GELS) 2025 at Puri from 5 to 7 December.
  • GELS 2025 is positioned as a cooperative federalism platform for states to share replicable clean-energy innovations.
  • Odisha’s Vision 2047 targets at least 33% of the state’s power from renewables by 2036, rising to 50% by 2047.
  • The summit focuses on execution-oriented themes such as grid management, energy storage, financing mechanisms and demand-side models.
Eighth International Solar Alliance Assembly Curtain Raiser Held in New Delhi (Start of November)
  • Event: Eighth Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly scheduled from 27–30 October 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
  • Participants: ISA brings together 124 Member and Signatory Countries; launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris.
  • Key Outcomes: Assembly to focus on four strategic pillars—Catalytic Finance Hub, Global Capability Centre & Digitisation, Regional & Country-Level Engagement, and Technology Roadmap & Policy.
Global Energy Leaders' Summit 2025 to be held in Puri with experts from 7 countries (Mid of November)
  • Summit Name: Global Energy Leaders' Summit 2025, organised by Department of Energy, Government of Odisha in partnership with Tony Blair Institute for Global Change and IIT Kanpur
  • Location: Puri, Odisha
  • Participating Countries: Experts and stakeholders from over seven countries including Canada, Brazil, Indonesia, Bhutan, Singapore and Malaysia
  • Theme: 'Powering India: Sufficiency, Balance, Innovation'
  • Key Objective: Sharing best practices in energy sector to help states learn from one another and turn innovation into progress

United States indefinitely pauses immigrant visas for nationals of 75 countries

[United States]

Key Updates:

  • The Trump administration announced it will stop giving out visas to nationals of dozens of countries who are seeking to move to the U.S. permanently.
  • The State Department said it would indefinitely pause the issuance of immigrant visas requested by citizens of 75 countries.
  • Officials said the pause would apply to immigrant visas, meaning those requested by people abroad who have been sponsored by American relatives or employers to move to the U.S. permanently.
  • The suspension does not affect temporary visas requested by would-be tourists and travelers seeking to come to the U.S. on a short-term basis.
  • The State Department said the 75 countries were chosen as part of an effort to bar the entry of immigrants who were likely to rely on public assistance once in the U.S.
  • The State Department did not formally publish a full list of the 75 affected nations, but said Somalia, Haiti, Iran and Eritrea are among them.
  • A list first reported by Fox News, and confirmed by the State Department to CBS News, includes countries like Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Guatemala, Pakistan and Senegal.
  • The pause on immigrant visas is set to take effect next week, on Jan. 21.

Similar Coverage

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) freezes all USCIS cases involving nationals of 19 travel-ban countries (Start of December)
  • The Trump administration directed U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to stop final adjudication on all cases involving individuals from 19 countries listed in President Trump’s June proclamation.
  • USCIS suspended citizenship ceremonies for legal permanent residents from the affected countries who were ready to be naturalized.
  • The suspension covers every form type and halts approvals, denials, and oath ceremonies.
  • The policy memo dated Dec. 2 formalized the pause on all immigration applications filed by nationals of the 19 countries and mandated a thorough re-review process.
  • Any lifting of the hold requires approval from the USCIS Director or Deputy Director.
Government sources assess minimal impact of US tariff on Iran partners for India (Mid of January)
  • India's trade with Iran stood at USD 1.6 billion, approximately 0.15% of India's total trade.
  • Iran does not figure in India's top 50 global trading partners.
  • India's share in Iran's total imports is USD 1.2 billion, accounting for 2.3%.
  • US President Donald Trump announced a 25% tariff on countries doing business with Iran.
  • FIEO CEO stated Indian industry and banks deal with Iran only in goods outside US OFAC sanctions.
  • KRBL exported approximately 250,000 tonnes of basmati rice to Iran when trade was fully open.
United States exits India-headquartered International Solar Alliance following Trump executive order (Start of January)
  • United States President Donald Trump withdrew the country from 66 international organisations — including 31 United Nations Organisations — via an executive order.
  • The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is the only India-headquartered organisation among the 60-plus institutions that the United States has now exited.
  • The ISA was conceptualised on the sidelines of the COP21 in Paris in 2015, when the landmark Paris Agreement was signed to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and limit the rise in average global temperature.
  • The ISA is headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana.
  • The ISA’s key theme is the ‘Towards 1000’ strategy, aimed at mobilising "$1,000 billion of investments in solar energy solutions by 2030 while delivering energy access to 1,000 million people using clean energy solutions and resulting in the installation of 1,000 GW of solar energy capacity."
  • According to the official website, more than 100 countries are currently its signatories, with over 90 countries having ratified to become full members.
United States orders total blockade on sanctioned Venezuelan oil tankers (Mid of December)
  • Trump ordered 'a total and complete' blockade of all sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela.
  • Venezuela's government denounced the move as 'warmongering threats'.
  • The US has seized an oil tanker off Venezuela's coast and conducted deadly strikes on alleged drug-smuggling boats.
  • More than 30 of the 80 ships in Venezuelan waters or approaching the country were under US sanctions.
  • Trump wrote that Venezuela was 'completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever assembled in the History of South America'.

United States Pentagon Pizza Index surges 1,250% on January 5, 2026, following Venezuela operation

[United States, Venezuela]

Key Updates:

  • The Pentagon Pizza Index also called the Pizza Meter is an open-source intelligence theory suggesting that late-night pizza orders near U.S. government buildings spike before major geopolitical events.
  • On August 1, 1990, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ordered a record 21 pizzas in a single night. The next day, Iraq invaded Kuwait.
  • The index has preceded multiple major events: October 1983 Unusual late-night orders U.S. invasion of Grenada, December 1989 Pentagon surge U.S. invasion of Panama, and January 1991 Spike before Desert Storm Coalition strikes Iraq.
  • Recent events include: June 12, 2025 'Huge surge' at District Pizza Palace Operation Lion strikes Iran and January 2-3, 2026 700% surge operation captures Maduro in Venezuela.
  • The Geopolitical Risk (GPR) Index currently sits around 158 and trending upward.

Similar Coverage

United States releases National Security Strategy reviving Monroe Doctrine and limiting NATO expansion (Mid of December)
  • The Trump administration unveiled a new National Security Strategy Thursday evening, calling for a greater emphasis in the Western Hemisphere.
  • The 33-page strategy document says, 'After years of neglect, the United States will reassert and enforce the Monroe Doctrine to restore American preeminence in the Western Hemisphere.'
  • The NSS dubs the changes the 'Trump Corollary' with the goal of enlisting 'established friends' in the region to help control migration, curtail the flow of drugs and strengthen stability.
  • The first bullet in the 'priorities' section states, 'The era of mass migration is over,' stating that 'border security is the primary element of national security.'
  • The NSS states, 'We will oppose elite-driven, anti-democratic restrictions on core liberties in Europe, the Anglosphere, and the rest of the world, especially among our allies.'
  • The document expressly states that the largest issue facing Europe is the 'Stark prospect of civilizational erasure.'
  • The NSS calls for ending the 'perception' and 'preventing the reality' of NATO’s continued expansion.
  • It calls on Washington to increase diplomatic relations with Moscow to reestablish conditions for regional 'strategic stability.'
  • The NSS says the US wants to build up a military capable of 'denying aggression' within the First Island Chain.
  • Deterring a conflict over Taiwan remains a 'priority' and the US does not support unilateral changes to the status quo in the Taiwan Strait.
Italian cooking awarded Unesco cultural heritage status (Mid of December)
  • Italian cooking has been awarded special cultural heritage status by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco).
  • Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has been pushing for Italy's cuisine to be recognised since her election.
  • Koshary, the spicy dish of lentils, rice, and pasta from Egypt, was also added to Unesco's list of intangible cultural heritage.
  • Previous food-related inclusions on the list include Washoku of Japan, Breakfast culture in Malaysia, and the Gastronomic meal of the French.
Government sources assess minimal impact of US tariff on Iran partners for India (Mid of January)
  • India's trade with Iran stood at USD 1.6 billion, approximately 0.15% of India's total trade.
  • Iran does not figure in India's top 50 global trading partners.
  • India's share in Iran's total imports is USD 1.2 billion, accounting for 2.3%.
  • US President Donald Trump announced a 25% tariff on countries doing business with Iran.
  • FIEO CEO stated Indian industry and banks deal with Iran only in goods outside US OFAC sanctions.
  • KRBL exported approximately 250,000 tonnes of basmati rice to Iran when trade was fully open.
Abbreviations and their full forms mentioned in the article (Start of November)
  • J&K refers to Jammu and Kashmir, as seen in 'J&K's Kishtwar'.
  • TOI refers to Times of India, indicated by 'TOI News Desk / TIMESOFINDIA.COM'.
  • IST refers to Indian Standard Time, as shown in 'Updated: Nov 05, 2025, 09:21 IST'.
  • JNU refers to Jawaharlal Nehru University, mentioned in 'JNU Elections 2025'.
  • ICAI refers to Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, as seen in 'ICAI September Result'.
  • U.S. refers to United States, as in 'U.S. Eyes India As A Major Market For Its Energy Exports'.
  • IDF refers to Israeli Defense Forces, mentioned in 'Israeli Whistleblower Shames IDF'.
  • NYC refers to New York City, as seen in 'NYC Mayor Election Result'.
  • AQI refers to Air Quality Index, mentioned in 'Delhi AQI Level'.
  • GCCs refers to Global Capability Centers, as in 'Learning & innovation are key to building resilient GCCs'.
  • AI refers to Artificial Intelligence, mentioned in 'GCCs build practical AI systems for their parent companies'.
  • CFO refers to Chief Financial Officer, as seen in 'company's CFO has a message'.

World Economic Forum releases 2026 Global Risks Report highlighting geoeconomic confrontation as top business worry

[World Economic Forum (WEF)]

Key Updates:

  • Geoeconomic confrontation leaps to the top spot on the list of business worries over the next two years.
  • The potential for adverse outcomes of artificial intelligence moved from 30th place among short-term risks as of last year to fifth place among long-term risks.
  • Global power rivalries and strategic standoffs top the list of most severe near-term risks heading into 2026.
  • Misinformation and disinformation rank second on the WEF's list of short-term risks, followed by societal polarization.
  • Extreme weather remains the top concern among surveyed leaders for the next decade.

Similar Coverage

Christian Aid pegs 2025 climate-disaster bill above USD 122 billion (End of December)
  • Heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, and storms cost the world more than USD 120 billion in 2025.
  • The single costliest event, California wildfires, caused USD 60 billion in damage and over 400 deaths.
  • November cyclones and floods across Southeast Asia inflicted USD 25 billion in damage and killed more than 1,750 people.
  • China’s floods led to USD 11.7 billion in damage, displaced thousands and killed at least 30.
  • Asia accounted for four of the top six costliest disasters, including flooding in India and Pakistan that killed over 1,860 people and cost up to USD 6 billion.
  • Typhoons in the Philippines caused more than USD 5 billion in damage and displaced over 1.4 million people.
  • Flooding in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo affected thousands, with potentially up to 700 deaths in Nigeria alone.
  • Drought in Brazil, summer wildfires in Spain and Portugal, and February cyclones in Australia and Réunion island all inflicted major losses.
  • Record-breaking sea temperatures and coral bleaching in Western Australia were recorded alongside worrying extremes in Antarctica.
  • Christian Aid stresses that continued fossil-fuel expansion and political delay are driving these predictable disasters.
Aviation Safety Awareness Week 2025 observed from November 24 to 28 (End of November)
  • Aviation Safety Awareness Week 2025 was observed from 24th to 28th November 2025.
  • The event is organised annually by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
  • Its purpose is to promote aviation safety awareness across all airports and Air Navigation Services locations managed by AAI.
ICRC publishes Guidelines on the protection of the natural environment in armed conflict (2020) (Start of November)
  • Publication Name: Guidelines on the protection of the natural environment in armed conflict: rules and recommendations relating to the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law, with commentary
  • Publisher: ICRC
  • Year of Publication: 2020
  • Content: Sets out rules and recommendations relating to the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law (IHL), accompanied by a concise commentary.
  • Purpose: Serves as a reference tool for States, parties to armed conflicts, and other actors to interpret and apply IHL, and to facilitate the adoption of concrete measures to reduce the environmental impact of armed conflict.
  • Availability: Also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian.
India's Wildfire Management Resolution Adopted At UNEA-7 (Mid of December)
  • India's resolution on strengthening global wildfire management was adopted at the seventh session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-7) in Nairobi, with wide support from member states.
  • The resolution responds to the rising number, scale and intensity of wildfires worldwide and calls for stronger international cooperation, early warning systems and better access to finance for prevention and management.
  • Wildfires, once seasonal, have become frequent and prolonged due to climate change and human activities.
  • UNEP's global report 'Spreading Like Wildfire' warns that wildfires may increase by 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by 2050 and 50 per cent by 2100 if current trends continue.
  • Global efforts are moving towards integrated fire management based on early warning systems, risk mapping and satellite-based monitoring, supported by local communities and frontline personnel.
  • The Global Fire Management Hub, set up in 2023 by FAO and UNEP, is an important mechanism for international cooperation.
  • India's resolution calls for stronger cooperation to develop early warning systems, risk assessment tools and satellite- and ground-based monitoring, along with community-based alert mechanisms.

Saab showcases RBS-15 Gungnir missile capabilities against Russian S-400 components on January 14, 2026

[Sweden, Russia]

Key Updates:

  • Swedish aerospace and defence company, Saab (Saab), has showcased the capabilities of its RBS-15 missile to destroy the componenets Russian S-400 system.
  • RBS15 Gungnir, utilising the RBS15 Mk4 anti-ship missile (RBS15), is a highly optimised anti-ship missile with land attack capability, designed to give the forces an edge in increasingly complex conflict scenarios.
  • The RBS15 can integrate with aircraft, ships and trucks to provide a complete system solution, including the JAS 39 Gripen (Gripen) fighter jet and Visby-class corvette.
  • A Gripen-launched missile destroyed a target identified as a Russian 91N6 surveillance and tracking radar—the backbone of the S-400 'Triumf', which is a 3D radar with a claimed detection range of up to 600 km.
  • The promotional video also demonstrated that one of the launchers from a Russian surface-to-air missile system is also destroyed and the naval target, meanwhile, was the Chinese Type 052D destroyers.
  • The RBS15 has evolved since 1984, and the Swedish defence ministry previously ordered the RBS-15 Mk4 Gungnir in 2017.

Similar Coverage

India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tests Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) in Maharashtra on Sunday (Mid of January)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested the Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM), a third-generation ‘fire and forget’ type of missile with top attack capability, against a moving target at the KK Ranges in Maharashtra’s Ahilyanagar on Sunday.
  • The homegrown MPATGM consists of an Imaging Infrared (IIR) homing seeker which tracks targets using infrared images, an all-electric control actuation system, and a tandem warhead that uses dual charges to defeat the layered armour of adversary tanks.
  • The ‘Fire and forget’ type of missile refers to a weapon system that locks onto a target before launch and does not require further guidance from the operator after firing.
  • Bharat Dynamics Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited are the Development-Cum-Production Partners (DcPP) for the weapon system.
  • The missile can be launched from tripod or a Military Vehicle Launcher and features a miniaturised infrared imaging seeker and advanced avionics on board for control and guidance.
Turkey's Baykar Kizilelma unmanned aircraft downs jet-powered aerial target using Gokdogan missile (Start of December)
  • Turkey's Kizilelma aircraft, developed by Baykar, achieved a historic milestone by accurately targeting a jet-powered drone with a Gokdogan missile.
  • The test was guided by radar information during trials in the Sinop firing area.
  • The Kizilelma flew with five F-15 fighter jets from Merzifon’s 5th Main Jet Base as the launched Gokdogan missile directly hit the target drone.
  • Baykar conducted the pilot test on 30 November.
  • Kizilelma features Aselsan's Murad Aesa radar with a Beyond Visual Range air-to-air Gokdogan missile.
  • The Bayraktar Kizilelma is a single-engine, low-observable, carrier-capable aircraft developed as part of Turkish Muharip İnsansız Uçak Sistemi (MIUS) project.
  • Kizilelma is equipped with low radar cross-section and advanced sensors.
  • Planned variants include Kizilelma B and Kizilelma C, with the latter having a twin-engined configuration.
  • It is one of the two Turkish jet-powered stealth UCAVs, along with TAI Anka-3.
  • As many as 6 prototypes of the multirole stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicle have been built.
Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Successfully Conducts Flight Tests of Indigenously Developed Taimoor Missile on January 04, 2026 (Start of January)
  • The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) successfully tested the Taimoor Weapon System, which was developed in Pakistan and can hit targets up to 600 kilometres away.
  • The Taimoor Air-Launched Cruise Missile can accurately strike enemy targets on land and at sea within a 600 kilometer range and carries a conventional warhead.
  • Equipped with a state-of-the-art navigation and guidance system, Taimoor is designed to fly at very low altitudes to help it avoid enemy air and missile defenses.
  • The successful test demonstrates the technical skill, innovation, and independence of Pakistan’s defense industry.
  • Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu congratulated the scientists, engineers, and the entire PAF team for their achievement.
India considers S-500 air defence system during Russian President Putin's visit on December 3, 2025 (Start of December)
  • The Russian-made S-400 air defence system brought Pakistan to its knees during India's Operation Sindoor earlier this year, shooting down at least six enemy aircraft.
  • The IAF called the S-400, a surface-to-air missile system, the 'game-changer' during the three-day hostilities.
  • India is eyeing the S-500 Prometheus air shield, described as the S-400's 'bigger, stronger, and smarter brother'.
  • Discussions on procuring the advanced S-500 missile defence shield during Russian President Vladimir Putin's two-day visit are very much on the table.
  • India is considering the S-500 due to newer threats emerging from both China and Pakistan, which has been on a warmongering spree under army chief Asim Munir.
  • The S-500 is manufactured by Russia's Almaz-Antey.
  • It is engineered to specifically neutralise advanced ballistic missiles, hypersonic glide vehicles, as well as hypersonic cruise missiles.
  • The S-500's ability to engage certain low-orbit satellites or space-launched threats sets it completely apart.
  • While the S-400 can shoot down targets up to 400 km away, the S-500 can reach up to 600 km.
  • The S-500 can simultaneously counter up to 10 ballistic supersonic terminal ICBM warheads flying at jet speed.
  • The S-500 can engage targets at an altitude of 200 km, almost at the edge of space, compared to the S-400's 30 km.
  • The system relies on upgraded 40N6M missiles, which are capable of exo-atmospheric interception, shooting down targets more than 100 km above the Earth.
  • The S-500 also uses 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 missiles, which have a 'hit-to-kill' approach, destroying incoming threats by ramming straight into them.
  • A new generation of radars built on Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology backs these missiles, offering longer range, quicker tracking, and far better jamming resistance than those in the S-400.
  • One S-500 air shield unit can include up to a dozen launchers, along with command posts and three high-performance radars.

India to Ease Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Rules to Raise Automatic Route Cap to 74 Percent in Defence Sector

Key Updates:

  • The cap on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in defence firms with existing licences under the automatic route is set to be raised to 74% from 49%.
  • The government is dropping a condition that stipulates foreign investment beyond 74% is only allowed if it 'results in access to modern technology'.
  • A requirement for fully export-oriented defence manufacturers to set up domestic maintenance and support facilities is set to be dropped to attract foreign investment.
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is asking for a 20% increase in spending in the budget for fiscal 2026/27 over the $75.36 billion allotted for the current year.
  • India aims to nearly double domestic production of defence equipment to $33.25 billion and boost defence exports to $5.5 billion by 2029.
  • Defence exports grew 12% year-on-year in 2024/25 to $2.6 billion - a record high as the nation seeks to reduce arms imports.
  • Foreign equity inflows into the defence sector accounted for $26.5 million of total foreign inflows of $765 billion in the 25 years through September 2025.
  • Foreign firms currently operating in India include France's Airbus, Lockheed Martin of the U.S. and Israel's Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
  • Presently, foreign investors can only own 74% of an Indian defence business under the automatic route when the companies are seeking new licenses.
  • The government sought to bolster funding following a conflict with Pakistan in May in which drones and fighter jets took centre stage.

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Finance Ministry (MoF) plans to scrap curbs on Chinese firms bidding for Indian government contracts. (Start of January)
  • The Finance Ministry (MoF) is working to remove the registration requirement for bidders from bordering nations.
  • The restrictions, imposed in 2020 after a deadly clash, required Chinese bidders to register with an Indian government committee and obtain political and security clearances.
  • The measures effectively barred Chinese firms from competing for Indian government contracts estimated to be worth $700 billion to $750 billion.
  • China's state-owned CRRC was disqualified from bidding for a $216 million train-manufacturing contract months after the restrictions were unveiled.
  • The value of new projects awarded to Chinese bidders fell 27% from a year earlier to $1.67 billion in 2021.
  • Curbs on imports from China of equipment for the power sector have hindered India's plans to raise its thermal power capacity to about 307 GW over the next decade.
  • A high-level committee headed by former cabinet secretary Rajiv Gauba has recommended easing the restrictions.
  • India and China restarted direct flights and New Delhi cut red tape to speed approvals for business visas for Chinese professionals after Modi visited China last year.
India signs ₹1.82 trillion defence contracts in first nine months of FY26 (Start of January)
  • Contracts worth ₹1.82 trillion have been signed in nine months through December to acquire weapons and equipment for the armed forces.
  • Approximately ₹1.2 trillion of the ₹1.49 trillion capital-acquisition budget for FY26 had been utilised by the third quarter ending December.
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) total budgetary allocation for FY26 is ₹6.81 trillion, of which ₹1.8 trillion—over 26%—is earmarked for capital outlay on defence services.
  • The MoD aims to double the usual 10% increase and seek a 20% rise in the modernisation component for the FY27 defence budget.
India hits record Rs 1.54 lakh crore defence production in FY25; defence sector stocks upbeat (End of November)
  • India recorded its highest-ever defence production of Rs 1.54 lakh crore and record exports of Rs 23,622 crore in FY25.
  • Indigenous production stood at Rs 1,27,434 crore in FY24, marking a 174% rise compared to FY15.
  • DPSUs and other PSUs accounted for approximately 77% of total production, while the private sector contributed 23%.
  • The private sector accounted for over Rs 15,233 crore of defence exports, while DPSUs contributed around Rs 8,389 crore.
  • FY25 saw 193 defence contracts worth Rs 2,09,050 crore signed, with 177 contracts worth nearly Rs 1.69 lakh crore going to domestic industries.
  • India now sources at least 65% of its defence needs from local producers.
  • Government targets Rs 3 lakh crore defence production and Rs 50,000 crore in defence exports by 2029.
  • India exports defence products to over 100 nations, including the United States, France, and Armenia.
  • HAL share price up 13.57%, BDL up 37.24%, BEL up 44.78%, Bharat Forge up 11.02%, and Paras Defence up 48.13% so far in 2025.
US and Singapore together accounted for over one-third of India’s FDI in FY25: RBI FLA census (End of October)
  • The United States and Singapore together accounted for over one-third of the FDI in India during 2024-25.
  • Out of 45,702 responding entities, 41,517 reported foreign direct investment and/or overseas direct investment in their balance sheet for March 2025.
  • The US share of total FDI during 2024-25 was 20 per cent, followed by Singapore (14.3 per cent), Mauritius (13.3 per cent), the UK (11.2 per cent) and the Netherlands (9 per cent).
  • Total FDI in 2024-25 stood at Rs 68,75,931 crore, up from Rs 61,88,243 crore in the preceding year.
  • The manufacturing sector held the highest share of total FDI equity capital at market value (48.4 per cent) and at face value (37.8 per cent).
  • Outward direct investment in 2024-25 was Rs 11,66,790 crore, with Singapore (22.2 per cent), the US (15.4 per cent), the UK (12.8 per cent) and the Netherlands (9.6 per cent) as top destinations.
  • Growth of ODI in rupee terms (17.9 per cent) outpaced that of FDI (11.1 per cent) in 2024-25, bringing the inward-to-outward DI ratio to 5.9 times from 6.3 times a year earlier.

India DGFT, MEA and FIEO organise National Conference on Strategic Trade Controls 2026

[Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO)]

Key Updates:

  • DGFT, in collaboration with MEA and FIEO, organised the National Conference on Strategic Trade Controls (NCSTC) 2026 in New Delhi.
  • The Conference provided a platform for discussions on India’s Strategic Trade Control framework, including policies and procedures governing the export of dual-use and sensitive goods under the SCOMET framework.
  • The third edition of the Handbook on India’s Strategic Trade Control System was released during the inaugural session.
  • The Conference included seven thematic sessions covering licensing framework, enforcement mechanisms, compliance, supply chain security, AEO programme, ITT, and sector-specific controls.
  • Discussions covered emerging technologies such as quantum-related items, advanced computing, semiconductors, additive manufacturing, aerospace technologies and cyber security in context of SCOMET List updates.
  • Over 500 stakeholders participated, including Government officials, industry representatives, exporters, compliance professionals, academia, research institutions, and international participants.

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Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI) flags import curbs on Low Ash Metallurgical Coke raise steel prices (Start of January)
  • Low Ash Metallurgical Coke accounts for 35-40% of steel production costs.
  • India imposed country-wise quantitative restrictions limiting imports to 1.4 million tonnes per half-year.
  • Provisional anti-dumping duties of $60-$120 per tonne were levied on LAM Coke from Australia, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Japan, and Russia.
  • Investigation used container freight benchmarks 8-10 times higher than actual dry-bulk freight of USD 20-25 per tonne, inflating dumping margins.
  • Steelmakers secured only about 1.5 million tonnes of met coke against demand of over 3 million tonnes in first half of 2025.
  • A 20-25% rise in coke prices translates into a 3-5% increase in finished steel prices.
ICEGATE–LPMS Integration at Agartala ICP enables real-time two-way data exchange for unified digital cross-border trade (Mid of January)
  • The integration enables real-time, two-way data exchange between customs systems and land port operations, creating a unified digital ecosystem for cross-border trade.
  • Critical customs data elements—including Bill of Entry, Shipping Bill, Out of Charge (OOC), and Let Export Order (LEO)—are seamlessly synchronised between the two platforms.
  • The initiative strengthens risk-based targeting by allowing early risk assessment, anomaly detection, and selective intervention while minimising disruption to legitimate trade.
Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS) launches TRaNJA initiative to reshape WTO and global trade (Start of December)
  • Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS) International launched the global initiative “Trade Not Just Aid: Winners and Losers in the WTO” (TRaNJA).
  • The TRaNJA steering committee is co-chaired by Shashi Tharoor, MP and former foreign minister of India, and Pascal Lamy, former Director-General of the WTO.
  • The 21-member steering committee includes experts from all corners of the world.
  • The launch event was organised by Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and held in Tokyo, Japan, on 2-4 December, 2025, with nearly 30 experts from 16 countries participating.
  • CUTS Secretary General Pradeep S. Mehta stated that around 70% of world trade still occurs on non-discriminatory MFN terms agreed at the WTO.
  • Mehta highlighted that the predictability and stability provided by the WTO system has raised world trade volumes by over 45 times the level of trade in the 1950s.
S&P Global Ratings (S&P) flags safeguard duties raise steel import parity floor (Start of January)
  • India extended safeguard duties on select steel products until April 2028, starting at 12 per cent and tapering to 11 per cent.
  • The Director General Trade Remedies (DGTR) investigation found imports of specific steel products had increased in a recent, sudden, sharp and significant manner, causing and threatening serious injury to domestic producers.
  • Benchmark hot rolled coil prices corrected by more than 10 per cent to Rs 46,000 per ton in early December 2025 from a high of Rs 52,500 per ton in May 2025.
  • S&P assumes average prices of Rs 48,000 per ton over the next 12 to 18 months.
  • S&P projects domestic steel consumption will expand at 8 per cent annually over the next three to four years, significantly higher than the 2-3 per cent global average.
  • With the levy in place, import parity increases by about Rs 6,500 per ton.
  • If current prices are maintained at Rs 50,000 per ton, this could increase the aggregate earnings of select steel companies representing 50 per cent of India's total steel output by about 10 per cent.

Kerala leads 2025 personal EV adoption with highest private four-wheeler share

[Kerala]

Key Updates:

  • Kerala records EV-to-ICE penetration of 12.08%, second only to Delhi’s 13.91%.
  • Personal vehicles form 93.4% of Kerala’s total EV basket, the highest among major states.
  • Share of private four-wheelers in Kerala’s EV mix is 18%, against 9% for Karnataka.
  • State has 1,389 charging stations—553 fast and 836 slow—run by private players and Kerala State Electricity Board.
  • Ather Energy, Bajaj Auto and TVS Motor command 29%, 24% and 19% of Kerala’s electric two-wheeler sales.
  • Tata Passenger Electric Mobility holds 53% of the 18,891 private four-wheelers sold in Kerala in 2025.

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Vingroup signs $3 billion MoU with Telangana government for multi-sector ecosystem. (Start of December)
  • Vingroup commits $3 billion investment to establish a multi-sector ecosystem covering smart urban development, electric mobility, healthcare, education, tourism and renewable energy across approximately 2,500 hectares in Telangana.
  • Telangana government will facilitate land allocation, fast-track approvals and coordinate planning for the project.
  • The $3 billion plan surpasses Vingroup's $2 billion VinFast factory under construction in North Carolina, United States, making it the conglomerate's biggest potential investment outside Vietnam.
  • VinFast, Vingroup's electric vehicle arm, already operates a manufacturing facility in Tamil Nadu and announced a $500 million expansion of the plant last week.
  • Vingroup reported a net profit of 7.565 trillion dong ($287.42 million) for the first nine months of 2025, nearly double its earnings from the same period in 2024.
  • Vingroup's total debt stood at $12.35 billion as of September 2025, with approximately half tied to bank loans and syndicated credit facilities.
  • The Telangana projects will include a 1,080-hectare smart city, a 350-hectare theme park, and a 500 MW solar farm.
Bank of Baroda (BoB) ranks Andhra Pradesh as top investment destination with 25.3% share of proposed capital in FY26. (Start of January)
  • Andhra Pradesh captured 25.3% of all proposed investments nationwide in the first nine months of FY26.
  • Odisha and Maharashtra followed with 13.1% and 12.8% shares respectively.
  • The combined share of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Maharashtra reached 51.2% of India’s total proposed capital investment.
  • Nationwide investment announcements totaled Rs 26.6 lakh crore, marking an 11.5% year-on-year increase.
  • Power sector led with 22.6% of investments, with renewables dominating the segment.
  • Metals accounted for 17.3% of proposed investments, supporting capital formation across roads, automobiles, and housing.
  • Construction maintained a steady 4% share, covering both housing and commercial complexes.
  • Andhra Pradesh Minister Nara Lokesh attributed the performance to consistent reforms, fast decision-making, and investor-friendly policies.
Hinduja Group to Invest Rs 20,000 Crore in Andhra Pradesh Across Energy and EV Sectors (Start of November)
  • Hinduja Group has agreed to invest Rs 20,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh in phases.
  • An agreement of Rs 20,000 crore investment in phases was signed between the Andhra Pradesh government and the Hinduja Group.
  • The Hinduja Group will enhance the capacity of the Visakhapatnam power plant by 1,600 MW.
  • The group will also establish an electric bus and light commercial vehicle manufacturing plant at Mallavalli in Krishna district.
  • Additionally, an agreement was reached to create a statewide network of electric charging stations in collaboration with the government.

Department of Posts becomes logistics provider on Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

[Department of Posts]

Key Updates:

  • The Department of Posts has initiated its services as a logistics provider on the Open Network for Digital Commerce ONDC platform.
  • It handled its first shipment for an order placed by UdyamWell, marking a new milestone in supporting Indian entrepreneurs through efficient logistics solutions.
  • Vendors using ONDC-enabled applications can now select the Department of Posts for logistics needs, including parcel pickup, booking, transmission, and delivery across the country.
  • Services operate under the 'Click & Book' model, allowing sellers to generate digital pickup requests and choose the Department of Posts as their logistics partner.

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India and Germany sign bilateral logistics cooperation agreement (Mid of January)
  • India and Germany have signed a bilateral agreement to enhance cooperation in postal, express, and logistics services focusing on cross-border e-commerce and time-definite deliveries.
  • The collaboration aims to boost Indian export volumes, improve service quality, and integrate Indian businesses into global value chains.
  • During a key ceremony in Ahmedabad on January 12, 2026, attended by Germany's Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz, two important instruments were exchanged, detailing joint international express products and expanding last-mile reach through cooperation between India Post and Deutsche Post–DHL Group.
Indian Army launches Depot Integration Management Edition digital platform (Mid of January)
  • Indian Army has launched Depot Integration Management Edition (DIME), a pan-Army digital platform that delivers real-time visibility of logistic items from units to Army Headquarters.
  • Developed jointly by the Indian Army and Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BIS-N).
  • The platform will compress logistics cycle and provide near real-time asset visibility across the entire logistic ecosystem.
  • Commanders equipped with integrated dashboards and exception alerts to make informed decisions.
Jyotiraditya Scindia announces Speed Post 24 and 48 services on January 11, 2026 (Mid of January)
  • Union Minister for Communications and Northeast Region Development Jyotiraditya Scindia announced two new India Post services, Speed Post 24 and Speed Post 48, at Pichor in Shivpuri district.
  • Speed Post 24 and Speed Post 48 are designed to ensure document delivery within 24 and 48 hours, respectively.
  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), through the National Centre for Communication Security (NCCS), rolled out transformative reforms to bolster indigenous manufacturing on December 29, 2025.
  • The telecom reforms are aligned with the principle of DSS, which stands for 'Design in India, Solve in India, Scale for the world'.
  • Reforms include a 90 per cent reduction in compliance burden for women-led and MSME testing laboratories and reduced fees for Telecom Security Testing Laboratories (TSTLs).
  • Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and other government institutions have been granted a complete waiver of testing fees.
  • The Pro Tem Security Certification Scheme for OEMs has been extended for a period of 2 years as part of the new telecom security reforms.
DoP-DA&FW MoU: PAN-India Sample Logistics for Agri-Input Quality Control (Start of January)
  • Department of Posts (DoP) and Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) signed an MoU to create a nationwide logistics mechanism for transporting pesticide, seed and fertiliser samples to designated laboratories.
  • India Post will provide end-to-end logistics support for secure, traceable and time-bound movement of samples collected by Pesticide, Seed and Fertiliser Inspectors.
  • The collaboration is part of the PAN-India Online Pesticide, Seed and Fertiliser Quality Management System being developed by the Centre for Research and Industrial Staff Performance (CRISP).

Tufts-led team engineers E. coli to mass-produce low-calorie sugar tagatose

[Tufts University]

Key Updates:

  • Scientists engineered Escherichia coli bacteria to act as miniature production units for tagatose.
  • A newly discovered enzyme from slime mold, galactose-1-phosphate-selective phosphatase, enables conversion of glucose into tagatose.
  • The process achieved production yields of up to 95 percent, far higher than current methods.
  • Tagatose contains only one-third of the calories of sucrose and has minimal impact on blood glucose levels.
  • Tagatose is considered tooth-friendly and may help limit harmful oral bacteria.

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University of Technology Sydney (UTS) team crafts mild mitochondrial uncouplers that raise cellular calorie burn (End of December)
  • Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) have developed experimental drugs aimed at enhancing the efficiency of mitochondria, the 'powerhouses' of cells, to burn more calories.
  • The research team from UTS and Memorial University of Newfoundland focused on a class of compounds known as mitochondrial uncouplers.
  • These molecules alter how cells utilize energy, prompting them to burn energy less efficiently and instead release it as heat.
  • By adjusting the chemical structure of these molecules, researchers could fine-tune their effects on cellular energy expenditure.
  • Some experimental drugs successfully enhanced mitochondrial activity without causing harm to cells or disrupting their ability to produce ATP.
  • These compounds may lower oxidative stress within cells, potentially improving metabolic health, offering anti-aging benefits, and providing protection against neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia.
CSIR–CFTRI develops annatto-based natural colourants for dairy and food sectors (Mid of December)
  • CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR–CFTRI) has developed a batch-type percolation technique to extract annatto dye into crystal-like form usable as water-soluble, oil-soluble or refined powder formulations.
  • A continuous power-operated annatto seed separator of 100 kg/hr input and 40 kg/hr seed output was engineered for low-cost, easy-to-fabricate pod seed separation.
  • Tailor-made water-soluble carbonate annatto formulations suit hard-boiled candies, vermicelli, gold fingers, biriyani and vegetable manchurian, while PG-based versions suit butter, cheese, biscuit cream, bakery cream, icing cream and traditional sweets like boondi laddu and motichoor laddu.
  • Forest College and Research Institute (FC & RI), Mettupalayam, has framed precision silvicultural and canopy management practices to maximise annatto seed yield under its moderate drought-tolerant, low-water requirement profile planted during June–September monsoon.
Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Researchers Develop Green Tea-Based Nanoparticle Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease (Mid of December)
  • Researchers at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, have identified a new pathway involving nanoparticles to treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • The therapy involves nanoparticles that integrate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) -- an antioxidant found in green tea --, dopamine -- a neurotransmitter important for mood -- and tryptophan -- an amino acid involved in many cellular functions -- into a nanoparticle called EGCG-dopamine-tryptophan nanoparticles (EDTNPs).
  • Incorporation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) -- a protein crucial for the survival, growth, and function of neurons onto EDTNPs (B-EDTNPs) creates a dual-action nanoplatform that not only clears neurotoxic Amyloid Beta aggregates but also enhances neuronal regeneration.
  • The research involves the synthesis of EDTNPs using biocompatible assembly techniques like pressure-assisted hydrothermal and electrostatic-based co-incubation methods to combine antioxidant, neurotransmitter, and amino acid components.
  • The therapy enables it to simultaneously target amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal degeneration -- four key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's.
World Health Organization (WHO) Issues First Guideline on GLP-1 Weight-Loss Medicines, Recognizes Obesity as Chronic Disease (Start of December)
  • WHO issued its first guideline on GLP-1 therapies including liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide.
  • Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and was linked to 3.7 million deaths in 2024.
  • WHO recognizes obesity as a chronic disease requiring comprehensive and lifelong care.
  • GLP-1 therapies mimic a natural hormone that helps regulate appetite, blood sugar and digestion.
  • WHO recommends conditional long-term use of GLP-1 therapies for adults living with obesity, except during pregnancy.
  • WHO added GLP-1 therapies to its Essential Medicines List in 2025 for managing type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups.

India becomes world’s 2nd largest 5G user base with 400 million+ subscribers

Key Updates:

  • India today stands as the world's second-largest 5G subscriber base with over 400 million users.
  • 5G services are now available across the country with a major base of 99.6% and population coverage of 85%.
  • 4.69 lakh 5G Base Transceiver Stations have been installed by Telecom Service Providers across India.
  • India crossed 100 crore internet connections, registering a growth of 298.77% since March 2014.
  • Rural telephone connections grew 42.9%, rising from 377.78 million in March 2014 to 539.83 million in September 2025.
  • India became the 5th country to have its own 4G stack upgradable to 5G, developed in just 2 years.

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India’s Internet Subscribers Reach 1.02 Billion in Q2 FY26, TRAI Reports (Start of December)
  • India’s total Internet subscriber base climbed to 1,017.81 million by the end of the July–September quarter (Q2 FY26), marking a 1.49 percent increase from 1,002.85 million in the previous quarter.
  • Of the total 1,070.81 million Internet accounts recorded by TRAI, 44.42 million were wired connections and 973.39 million were wireless.
  • Broadband subscriptions rose 1.63 percent, increasing from 979.71 million in June to 995.63 million in September.
  • Narrowband subscriptions slipped from 23.14 million to 22.18 million over the same period.
  • Wireline subscriptions declined quarter-on-quarter, falling from 47.49 million at the end of Q1 to 46.61 million at the end of Q2, a drop of 1.84 percent.
  • Monthly average revenue per user for wireless services rose 2.34 percent, moving from Rs 186.62 in Q1 to Rs 190.99 in Q2.
India Becomes World’s Largest Market for Large Language Model (LLM) Adoption (Mid of December)
  • India has emerged as the world’s largest and most active market for large language model (LLM) adoption, according to an analysis by Bank of America (BofA).
  • The country now leads globally in the number of users for popular AI apps such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity, both in terms of monthly active users (MAUs) and daily active users (DAUs).
  • India has the second-largest online population in the world, with more than 700-750 million mobile internet users who consume 20-30 GB of data a month at around $2.
  • Telcos such as Jio and Bharti Airtel are offering complimentary subscriptions to paid versions of AI apps like Gemini and Perplexity.
  • India could emerge as a testing ground for the next phase of AI, known as agentic AI, which are applications that can reason, plan and execute tasks independently.
National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 enhances mid-band spectrum for 5G/6G and satellite services (End of December)
  • Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications, released the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025).
  • NFAP-2025 allocates radio-frequency spectrum in the range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz.
  • Identifies the 6425-7125 MHz band for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) to boost 5G, 5G Advanced and future 6G networks.
  • Allocates Ka, Q and V bands for satellite-based services for high-throughput GSO and large non-GSO satellite constellations.
  • Provides additional spectrum for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC) and emerging technologies like Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and LEO/MEO satellite services.
Bharat 6G Alliance charts focused roadmap for India to lead global 6G by 2030 (Mid of December)
  • The Union Minister of Communications, Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, chaired the Apex Council meeting under the Bharat 6G Mission and reviewed the progress of the Bharat 6G Alliance.
  • The Government has approved a ₹1-lakh-crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund under the Department of Science & Technology to boost frontier research in AI-native networks, semiconductors, photonics, sensing, cybersecurity and satellite–terrestrial integration.
  • India secured inclusion of “Ubiquitous Connectivity” in the ITU IMT-2030 (6G) framework, strengthening global recognition of India’s capabilities.
  • The Bharat 6G Alliance has grown from 16 founding members to over 84 organisations and released eight technical reports and whitepapers covering spectrum, AI-native networks, green telecom, emerging applications, and RF sensing.
  • Four institutions—Punjab Engineering College, Banasthali Vidyapith, IIT Roorkee (AMRIT), and Thapar University—were awarded for exemplary innovation, societal impact and industry collaboration under the 5G Use Case Labs initiative.

Google releases TranslateGemma open-source translation models supporting 55 languages

[Google]

Key Updates:

  • Google released TranslateGemma, a set of open-source translation models that work across 55 languages.
  • The collection comes in three sizes—4B, 12B, and 27B parameters—designed to run on different devices from smartphones to cloud servers.
  • The 12B model outperforms Google's 27B baseline on the WMT24++ benchmark while using less than half the computing power.
  • The 4B version matches the 12B baseline's performance, making it practical for mobile apps that need offline translation.
  • Google built these models by fine-tuning Gemma 3 on a dataset that mixes human translations and synthetic text from Gemini.
  • A second training phase used reinforcement learning with metrics like MetricX-QE and AutoMQM to improve how natural the translations sound.
  • The models inherited the multimodal capabilities from Gemma 3 and can translate text within images without extra training.

Similar Coverage

Runway Gen-4.5 Beats OpenAI Sora 2 and Google Veo 3 in Text-to-Video Benchmark (Start of December)
  • Runway Gen-4.5 secured an Elo score of 1247, ahead of Google Veo 3 (1226) and OpenAI Sora 2 Pro (1206).
  • The model delivers ‘unprecedented physical accuracy’ and visual precision, generating realistically moving objects and accurate dynamics for flowing liquid.
  • Gen-4.5 handles styles from cinematic to photorealistic animation while maintaining the speed and efficiency of Gen-4.
  • Built in collaboration with Nvidia, training and inference run on Blackwell and Hopper GPUs.
  • The model is available across all subscription plans for creators and companies.
Elon Musk's xAI launches AI-generated Grokipedia to rival Wikipedia (End of October)
  • Grokipedia is an AI-generated site developed by Elon Musk's company xAI
  • Content is generated by artificial intelligence and the generative AI assistant Grok
  • The site had more than 885,000 articles by Monday evening
  • Musk stated the goal is 'the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth'
  • Launch was delayed to 'purge out the propaganda'
OpenAI launches ChatGPT Atlas AI-powered web browser to compete with Google (End of October)
  • Technology: ChatGPT Atlas browser integrates an "Ask ChatGPT" sidebar that activates on every website visited
  • Functionality: Browser can perform tasks such as booking flights and editing documents on behalf of the user
  • User interaction: Users can ask ChatGPT to summarize content (e.g., movie reviews) or help order recipe ingredients online
  • Developer: OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT, is entering the browser market to challenge Alphabet Inc.'s Google
Google commits $8 million to India’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) ecosystem (Mid of December)
  • Google on Tuesday announced fresh collaborations and funding commitments worth $8 million to strengthen India’s artificial intelligence ecosystem.
  • Research funding will go to TANUH at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru for non-communicable disease treatment.
  • The Airawat Research Foundation at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur will receive funding for AI-driven urban governance.
  • Google is working with the National Health Authority (NHA) to use AI to convert millions of unstructured medical records into the international FHIR standard.
  • Google announced a $2 million founding contribution to set up an Indic Language Technologies Research Hub at IIT Bombay.
  • Google said it is partnering with ReNew Energy on a 150 MW solar project in Rajasthan, extending its push to power AI growth with clean energy and support India’s non-fossil fuel goals.
  • The company said it would provide $400,000 to support collaborations using its MedGemma models to build India-specific health foundation models.
  • Google announced separate Google.org funding of $2 million to develop Garuda, an AI language model for agriculture.

AM Green builds world’s largest green-ammonia complex in Andhra Pradesh

[Andhra Pradesh]

Key Updates:

  • AM Green is developing India’s first and the world’s largest green-ammonia complex with a planned capacity of 1.5 million tonnes per annum.
  • The integrated project spans 7.5 gigawatts of solar and wind capacity, 1,950 megawatts of electrolyser capacity and 2 gigawatts of round-the-clock renewable power supported by pumped hydro storage.
  • The facility will be commissioned in phases—0.5 million tonnes per annum by 2027, scaling to 1 million tonnes by 2028 and full 1.5 million tonnes by 2030.
  • Green ammonia produced at Kakinada will be used globally as a clean shipping fuel, for power generation and as a carrier for green hydrogen.

Similar Coverage

AVFCCL Brownfield Ammonia-Urea Plant: ₹10,601 crore outlay to produce 12.7 lakh MT urea annually (End of December)
  • The Union Cabinet approved a new brownfield ammonia-urea plant of Assam Valley Fertiliser and Chemical Company Ltd (AVFCCL) within the existing premises of Brahmaputra Valley Fertiliser Corp Ltd (BVFCL) in Namrup, Dibrugarh district, Assam.
  • The project cost is ₹10,601 crore and the plant is scheduled to be commissioned in 2030 with an annual urea production capacity of 12.7 lakh metric tonnes.
  • AVFCCL is a joint venture among the Assam government, Oil India, National Fertilisers Ltd (NFL), Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Ltd (HURL) and BVFCL.
Haryana Clean Air Project for Sustainable Development (HCAPSD) receives USD 305 million World Bank assistance (Mid of December)
  • The World Bank has green-lighted a financial assistance package worth USD 305 million for the Haryana Clean Air Project for Sustainable Development (HCAPSD).
  • The project has a total budget of Rs 3,646 crore, with Haryana contributing Rs 1,065 crore and an additional Rs 83 crore as a grant.
  • Key interventions include deploying 500 electric buses and setting up 200 EV charging stations in major cities, transitioning industry to cleaner energy, and enhancing soil management processes.
Namrup-IV Ammonia-Urea Project: Rs 10,000 crore fertiliser plant to produce 12 lakh metric tonnes of urea annually (Mid of December)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for the Namrup-IV Ammonia-Urea project at the existing Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited complex.
  • The brownfield fertiliser project involves an estimated investment of Rs 10,000 crore.
  • The Namrup-IV plant will produce 12 lakh metric tonnes of urea annually, meeting domestic demand and enabling exports.
Uralchem JSC signs MoU with Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited, National Fertilizers Limited, and Indian Potash Limited to build major urea plant in Russia (Start of December)
  • Uralchem JSC has signed a memorandum of understanding with Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (RCF), National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), and Indian Potash Limited (IPL) to establish a joint venture for constructing a urea plant in Russia.
  • The planned urea plant is expected to have an annual production capacity of 1.8 to 2 million tonnes.
  • The joint venture will be based on the supply of ammonia produced by Togliattiazot JSC, with the Indian companies providing financing for the project until its commercial operation begins.
  • The signing ceremony took place in New Delhi, India.
  • Uralchem Group’s key assets include Uralchem JSC, Uralkali PJSC, and TOAZ JSC, all based in Russia, with a combined production capacity of around 25 million tonnes.

Te Herenga Waka–Victoria University of Wellington-led team finds largest black coral off Fiordland, New Zealand

[New Zealand, Te Herenga Waka–Victoria University of Wellington]

Key Updates:

  • Marine scientists have discovered the largest black coral ever found in the sea off New Zealand.
  • The coral measures more than 13 feet high and about 15 feet wide and is estimated to be around 300 to 400 years old.
  • Large and old corals are important breeding sources for this slow-growing species.
  • Black corals are protected under the Wildlife Act, making it illegal to deliberately collect or damage them.
  • These corals are mostly found in deep waters and are used for medicine and jewelry in many cultures.

Similar Coverage

Heat Stress and Rare Disease Wipe Out Goniopora Coral Colonies on Great Barrier Reef (Mid of December)
  • Three-quarters of Goniopora corals at One Tree Reef have died after bleaching and black band disease.
  • The losses occurred during the fourth global mass bleaching event, affecting 84% of reefs worldwide.
  • Extreme heat weakened corals, enabling rapid, unprecedented spread of the disease.
  • Goniopora are usually thermally tolerant, making the event a major warning for global reef resilience.
  • Severe bleaching triggered by extreme ocean temperatures was followed by an unprecedented outbreak of black band disease (BBD).
  • Black band disease (BBD) is a rare but aggressive bacterial infection that kills coral tissue as it spreads across a colony.
  • Black band disease, common in the Caribbean but historically rare in the southern Great Barrier Reef, appeared in a few colonies in February 2024.
  • By April, 61 per cent of bleached colonies were infected, and the disease spread in an epizootic-like manner.
  • The disease occurred only on corals that had bleached.
  • During the bleaching event, water temperatures exceeded 28°C for 74 consecutive days.
  • Temperatures peaked at 34-35°C during the year.
  • One Tree Reef’s (OTR) offshore location means it is largely sheltered from coastal stressors like pollution and nutrient loading, which are often associated with BBD.
  • The current trajectory of climate change is progressing too quickly for corals to adjust.
  • Recurrent anomalous heatwaves and mass bleaching are the greatest threat to coral reef survival.
  • The loss of these large, structure-forming corals would have long-term repercussions on reef biodiversity, coastal protection and food security.
Thousands of dinosaur footprints discovered in Stelvio National Park (SNP) (Mid of December)
  • Thousands of dinosaur footprints dating back 210 million years have been found in a national park in northern Italy.
  • The footprints - some of which are up to 40cm (15in) in diameter - are aligned in parallel rows, and many show clear traces of toes and claws.
  • It is thought the dinosaurs were prosauropods - herbivores with long necks, small heads and sharp claws.
  • In the Triassic period - between about 250 and 201 million years ago - the wall was a tidal flat, which later became part of the Alpine chain.
  • The prosauropods, which could be up to 10m (33ft) long, walked on two legs but in some cases handprints were found in front of footprints.
  • The area is remote and not accessible by paths, so drones and remote sensing technology will be employed instead.
  • The Stelvio National Park (SNP) is located in the Fraele valley by Italy's border with Switzerland, near where the Winter Olympics will take place next year.
New Coelacanth Species, Whiteia anniae, Discovered in Early Triassic of China (End of October)
  • A new species of coelacanth, *Whiteia anniae* sp. nov., has been discovered.
  • The discovery is based on two specimens (Holotype CHU 2016 and Paratype CHU 2017) from the late Smithian (~249 Ma) marine deposits in Maoshankou, He County, Anhui Province, China.
  • The new coelacanth is the oldest species of the genus *Whiteia* documented in Asia, predating the previously oldest record of whiteiids on this continent by nine million years.
  • With an estimated total length of at least 420 mm, *Whiteia anniae* represents the largest whiteiid named so far from the Early Triassic.
  • The new coelacanth is the best-preserved from the Early Triassic of China, featuring a discernible calcified lung.
  • Diagnostic features of *Whiteia anniae* include the presence of coronoid fangs and scale ornamentation consisting of about 20 elongate ridges converging midline posteriorly.
  • Phylogenetic analysis recovers *Whiteia anniae* as sister to *Whiteia woodwardi* within the Whiteiidae among the Coelacanthiformes.
New species of giant stick insect, Acrophylla alta, discovered in North Queensland (Mid of November)
  • Researchers have discovered a new species of giant stick insect, Acrophylla alta.
  • The discovery was made in North Queensland's rainforests, specifically in the Tablelands region, at heights between 1,600 and 3,900 feet (500 to 1,200 metres) above sea level.
  • This large insect measures up to 16 inches (40 centimetres) long.
  • It might be the heaviest insect yet in Australia, with one studied insect weighing about 1.6 ounces (44 grams).
  • The discovery was shared in a study published in the journal Zootaxa.
  • Its size is thought to be an adaptation to the cool, high-altitude environment, following Bergmann’s rule.
  • Study co-author Angus Emmott from James Cook University in Australia was involved in the research.

Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS) identifies sixteen ancient dugout canoes in Lake Mendota

[United States]

Key Updates:

  • Sixteen submerged dugout canoes have been identified on the lakebed, and radiocarbon dating indicates the oldest may be approximately 5,200 years old.
  • Researchers report that the youngest canoe in the set appears to be around 700 years old, while the oldest reaches back more than five millennia.
  • Researchers have noted that about half of the canoes were made from red or white oak.
  • The Wisconsin Historical Society’s (WHS) current explanation centers on tyloses, a biological structure that can form inside certain hardwoods.
  • Tyloses can block water movement within the wood, making it less permeable and more resistant to moisture penetration.
  • But if wood sinks and becomes buried under sediment in low-oxygen conditions, decay slows dramatically.
  • Some reporting connected to the discovery notes that net sinkers were found in association with some of the canoes, supporting the idea that at least part of the activity involved fishing.
  • Researchers have stated that the canoes were found in two distinct groupings on the lakebed.

Similar Coverage

Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) reports first cube-shaped skull from intentional cranial deformation (End of December)
  • The skull belonged to a 40-year-old man who lived in the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range more than 1,000 years ago during the Mesoamerican Classic period.
  • The peculiar cube shape of the skull was a sign of 'intentional cranial deformation' carried out during a child's early years with boards and bandages.
  • The square shape was different from the typical 'conical' shapes seen elsewhere in the region and is described as 'parallelepiped,' closer to a parallelogram than a sphere.
Scientists extract ancient RNA from 39,000-year-old woolly mammoth 'Yuka' (Mid of November)
  • Researchers led by Stockholm University paleogeneticist Love Dalén extracted RNA from the permafrost-preserved woolly mammoth named Yuka found in eastern Siberia.
  • The recovered RNA fragments, though short, were computationally verified as authentic woolly mammoth sequences, offering the first snapshot of gene activity in an extinct animal.
  • RNA from Yuka’s muscle tissue matched genes for slow-twitch muscle function and development, confirming the tissue type and showing cellular processes frozen at death.
  • Additional RNA indicated stress-related gene activity in the mammoth’s muscles, consistent with—though not exclusively proving—an attack by cave lions or another stressful event.
  • Genetic analysis of Yuka’s DNA revealed one X and one Y chromosome, contradicting the initial visual inspection that had classified the mammoth as female.
National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) Robots Unearth 10,000-Year-Old Pottery in Lake Biwa (Start of December)
  • Robotic sensors discovered a nearly intact pottery vessel more than 10,000 years old resting upright in the silt near Tsuzuraozaki underwater ruins.
  • The vessel measures about 25 centimeters tall with a tapering pointed base and engraved motifs characteristic of early Jomon craft traditions.
  • Specialists attribute the vessel to either the Jinguji-style or the Konami Upper-layer tradition between 11,000 and 10,500 years ago.
  • The survey used a next-generation 3-D scanning system with four synchronized cameras at 64 meters deep.
  • NMRI transformed deep-sea robotics including AUVs with high-resolution sonar into tools for inland archaeology.
  • Lake Biwa’s deep basins create still pockets with minimal sediment accumulation while tectonic activity keeps the lakebed exposed preserving objects.
Jellyfish: Ancient Ocean Animals with Unique Biology and Ecological Significance (Start of November)
  • Jellyfish have been on Earth for more than 500 million years, predating fish, insects, and trees, and are considered one of the first complex multicellular animals.
  • They possess a simple design, lacking a brain, bones, and blood, with their basic bell-shaped body plan, called the medusa, remaining consistent over hundreds of millions of years.
  • The *Aequorea victoria* jellyfish contains green fluorescent protein (GFP), which has revolutionized cell biology since its discovery in the 1960s and is used in neuroscience and cancer research.
  • Jellyfish are crucial to the marine ecosystem as both predators and prey, and when they die, they form a “jelly-fall” that delivers organic matter and transfers carbon to the deep sea.
  • The “immortal jellyfish” can reverse its life cycle entirely, transforming its adult medusa body back into a polyp stage when stressed, a feature that is a major focus of aging and regeneration research.
  • Jellyfish biology has inspired technological applications, with engineers studying their propulsion for soft robots and medical researchers investigating jellyfish collagen for wound healing and tissue engineering.

Gene Therapy AMT-130 Slows Cognitive Decline in Huntington’s Disease Trial

Key Updates:

  • AMT-130 gene therapy reduced cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels below baseline after three years, indicating active neuroprotection.
  • The therapy slowed cognitive decline, particularly in processing speed and reading ability, in 29 clinically diagnosed Huntington’s disease patients aged 25–65.
  • Somatic expansion of the CAG repeat in Huntingtin gene accelerates disease progression and explains variable onset among individuals with identical inherited CAG length.
  • Early sustained attention deficits linked to inferior frontal gyrus changes appear decades before motor symptoms in HD gene expansion carriers.
  • HD-Young Adult Study recruited 131 participants approximately 24 years before predicted onset to detect early neurodegeneration markers and cognitive flexibility disruption.

Similar Coverage

FDA Clears First At-Home Brain Stimulation Device for Depression (Mid of December)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration has cleared the FL-100 headset developed by Flow Neuroscience for home treatment of moderate to severe depression.
  • The device delivers transcranial direct current stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a brain region linked to mood regulation.
  • Clinical trials involving 174 adults showed significant symptom reduction, with over half achieving remission; side effects were limited to mild headaches and skin irritation.
  • Flow Neuroscience estimates the device will cost between 500 and 800 US dollars with no subscription or maintenance fees.
Sentynl Therapeutics Inc. Announces FDA Approval of ZYCUBO® (copper histidinate) for Menkes Disease (Mid of January)
  • ZYCUBO® is now the first and only therapy approved for the treatment of Menkes disease in the United States.
  • Menkes disease is a rare X-linked recessive pediatric disease caused by mutations of the copper transporter ATP7A encoded by the ATP7A gene.
  • ZYCUBO® is a subcutaneous injectable formulation of copper histidinate that restores copper homeostasis and maintains copper levels in patients with Menkes disease.
  • Early treatment with ZYCUBO demonstrated a nearly 80% reduction in the risk of death compared to an untreated contemporaneous external control cohort.
  • The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥7%) included pneumonia, viral infection, respiratory failure, seizure, bacterial infection, hemorrhage, hypotension, vomiting, tachycardia, pyrexia, volume depletion, fracture, dyspnea, transaminases elevation, diarrhea, fungal infection, anemia, and local administration reaction.
Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Researchers Develop Green Tea-Based Nanoparticle Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease (Mid of December)
  • Researchers at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, have identified a new pathway involving nanoparticles to treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • The therapy involves nanoparticles that integrate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) -- an antioxidant found in green tea --, dopamine -- a neurotransmitter important for mood -- and tryptophan -- an amino acid involved in many cellular functions -- into a nanoparticle called EGCG-dopamine-tryptophan nanoparticles (EDTNPs).
  • Incorporation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) -- a protein crucial for the survival, growth, and function of neurons onto EDTNPs (B-EDTNPs) creates a dual-action nanoplatform that not only clears neurotoxic Amyloid Beta aggregates but also enhances neuronal regeneration.
  • The research involves the synthesis of EDTNPs using biocompatible assembly techniques like pressure-assisted hydrothermal and electrostatic-based co-incubation methods to combine antioxidant, neurotransmitter, and amino acid components.
  • The therapy enables it to simultaneously target amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal degeneration -- four key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's.
Max Planck Institute team identifies PU.1–CD28 axis that switches microglia into neuroprotective mode against Alzheimer’s damage (Mid of November)
  • Discovery: Down-regulating the transcription factor PU.1 converts a small subset of microglia into neuroprotective cells that suppress brain-wide inflammation and curb amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s mouse models
  • Institution: Max Planck Institute (Anne Schaefer laboratory) in collaboration with Alison Goate and Alexander Tarakhovsky
  • Key finding: Protective microglia express the lymphoid co-stimulatory receptor CD28; microglia-specific deletion of CD28 abolishes their suppressive function, accelerates plaque growth and worsens neuroinflammation
  • Human relevance: Results were validated in human microglia and human brain tissue, and align with prior genetic evidence that lower PU.1 (SPI1) expression is associated with reduced Alzheimer’s risk
  • Therapeutic implication: The PU.1–CD28 signaling axis provides a new molecular target for microglia-directed immunotherapies aimed at slowing or preventing Alzheimer’s progression

Mitchell Starc bags ICC Men's Player of the Month award for December

[International Cricket Council (ICC)]

Key Updates:

  • Australia's Mitchell Starc has been named as the winner of the ICC Men's Player of the Month award for December.
  • Starc took 16 wickets and scored 139 runs across three Tests in December during the Ashes 2025-26 against England.
  • He beat West Indies' Justin Greaves and New Zealand's Jacob Duffy for the award.

Similar Coverage

Simon Harmer and Shafali Verma named ICC Players of the Month for November 2025 (Mid of December)
  • South Africa’s Simon Harmer claimed 17 wickets in the two-Test series against India.
  • Harmer returned figures of four for 30 and four for 21 in Kolkata, and three for 64 and six for 37 in Guwahati.
  • India’s Shafali Verma scored 87 from 78 deliveries and took two wickets in the Women’s World Cup final against South Africa.
  • India won the Women’s World Cup for the first time, with Verma earning Player of the Match in the final.
India U19 crush South Africa U19 to seal 3-0 Youth ODI clean sweep (Start of January)
  • India U19 defeated South Africa U19 by 233 runs in the third Youth ODI at Benoni.
  • India U19 posted 393/7 in 50 overs, with twin centuries from openers Aaron George and skipper Vaibhav Sooryavanshi.
  • South Africa U19 were bowled out for 160 in 35 overs, with Kishan Singh taking 3/15.
Shafali Verma wins ICC Women's Player of the Month for November (Mid of December)
  • Shafali Verma scored 87 off 78 balls in the Women's World Cup final against South Africa.
  • India posted 298 for 7 and won the final by 52 runs in Navi Mumbai.
  • Shafali shared a 104-run opening stand with Smriti Mandhana.
  • Simon Harmer claimed the ICC Men's Player of the Month award for his 17-wicket haul in South Africa's 2-0 Test series win over India.
Jay Shah Received 'Transformational Leader Of The Year' Award at NDTV Indian Of The Year 2025 (End of December)
  • Jay Shah was honored with the 'Transformational Leader Of The Year' award at the NDTV Indian Of The Year 2025 event.
  • He served as the secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) from 2019 to 2024.
  • He took over as the chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in December 2024.
  • Under his leadership, the BCCI launched the Women's Premier League (WPL), which raised more than Rs 6,000 crore through sponsorship, media rights, and teams.
  • He implemented pay parity for women cricketers, increasing Test match fees from Rs 2.5 lakh to Rs 15 lakh and One Day International (ODI) fees from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 6 lakh.
  • He began his career at the Central Board of Cricket Ahmedabad in 2009.
  • During his tenure at the BCCI, he oversaw the signing of record-breaking media rights deals for the Indian Premier League (IPL).

Laura Wolvaardt wins ICC Women's Player of the Month

[International Cricket Council (ICC)]

Key Updates:

  • South Africa’s captain Laura Wolvaardt has been awarded the ICC Women’s Player of the Month for December.
  • Wolvaardt scored three centuries across formats in the month, including an unbeaten 115 in the opening T20I.
  • She accumulated 255 runs in the ODI series at an average of 127.50 and 137 runs in the T20I series.

Similar Coverage

Simon Harmer and Shafali Verma named ICC Players of the Month for November 2025 (Mid of December)
  • South Africa’s Simon Harmer claimed 17 wickets in the two-Test series against India.
  • Harmer returned figures of four for 30 and four for 21 in Kolkata, and three for 64 and six for 37 in Guwahati.
  • India’s Shafali Verma scored 87 from 78 deliveries and took two wickets in the Women’s World Cup final against South Africa.
  • India won the Women’s World Cup for the first time, with Verma earning Player of the Match in the final.
Shafali Verma wins ICC Women's Player of the Month for November (Mid of December)
  • Shafali Verma scored 87 off 78 balls in the Women's World Cup final against South Africa.
  • India posted 298 for 7 and won the final by 52 runs in Navi Mumbai.
  • Shafali shared a 104-run opening stand with Smriti Mandhana.
  • Simon Harmer claimed the ICC Men's Player of the Month award for his 17-wicket haul in South Africa's 2-0 Test series win over India.
Jay Shah Received 'Transformational Leader Of The Year' Award at NDTV Indian Of The Year 2025 (End of December)
  • Jay Shah was honored with the 'Transformational Leader Of The Year' award at the NDTV Indian Of The Year 2025 event.
  • He served as the secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) from 2019 to 2024.
  • He took over as the chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in December 2024.
  • Under his leadership, the BCCI launched the Women's Premier League (WPL), which raised more than Rs 6,000 crore through sponsorship, media rights, and teams.
  • He implemented pay parity for women cricketers, increasing Test match fees from Rs 2.5 lakh to Rs 15 lakh and One Day International (ODI) fees from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 6 lakh.
  • He began his career at the Central Board of Cricket Ahmedabad in 2009.
  • During his tenure at the BCCI, he oversaw the signing of record-breaking media rights deals for the Indian Premier League (IPL).
Sarayu Velpula Becomes India's 26th Woman Grandmaster (End of November)
  • Sarayu Velpula became India's 26th Woman Grandmaster on 18/11/2025.
  • She scored her final norm at First League of Central Serbia.
  • Her first WIM, WGM, and IM-norms were scored at Pontevedra Masters 2023 in July.
  • She earned her second WGM-norm at Paris IdF Masters in July 2025.
  • She crossed 2300 in the September 2023 FIDE Rating list, achieving a published rating of 2386.
  • Her peak rating is 2443.
  • She joins the Indian team at the FIDE World Women's Team Championship 2025 in Linares, Spain.
  • Her trainer is IM N Krishna Teja.
  • Pravaha foundation has been supporting Sarayu’s journey from March 2025.

Aaryan Varshney becomes India’s 92nd Chess Grandmaster

Key Updates:

  • Aaryan Varshney became the 92nd Indian to earn the title of chess Grandmaster (GM) on Thursday.
  • The 21-year-old Aaryan won the Andranik Margaryan Memorial title with a round to spare in Armenia, which confirmed his Grandmaster title.
  • He drew against FM Tyhran Ambartsumian in the eighth round of the competition in Armenia to secure his third and final GM norm.
  • Aaryan, who is from Delhi, is the eighth Grandmaster from the capital of India, along with Parimarjan Negi, Abhijeet Gupta, Sriram Jha, Vaibhav Suri, Sahaj Grover, Aryan Chopra, and Prithu Gupta.

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Ilamparthi AR Becomes India's 90th Grandmaster (Start of November)
  • Chennai's 16-year-old Ilamparthi AR has become India's 90th Grandmaster, achieving his final norm at the Bijeljina Open.
  • He previously secured norms in Vietnam and Singapore, crossing the 2500 Elo mark.
  • Nurtured by Velammal School and supported by initiatives, Ilamparthi trains under Viswanathan Anand's academy.
  • Born in 2009, Ilamparthi had earlier achieved his first GM norm at the Ha Noi tournament in Vietnam (December 2023).
  • His second GM norm was achieved at the Singapore International Open (2024).
  • He crossed the 2500 Elo mark during the Rilton Cup (2024–25), and the final norm in Bosnia sealed his grandmaster title.
  • The youngster, who trains under Shyam Sundar M, is supported by several initiatives.
Javokhir Sindarov crowned youngest Chess World Cup champion after beating Wei Yi in tie-breakers (End of November)
  • Javokhir Sindarov from Uzbekistan became the youngest chess World Cup winner.
  • Javokhir Sindarov won the FIDE World Cup title by defeating China’s Wei Yi in the second tie-breaker game of the final.
  • Wei Yi finished as the runner-up in the FIDE World Cup.
  • Javokhir Sindarov will receive $120,000 as prize money for winning the FIDE World Cup.
  • Wei Yi will receive $85,000 as prize money for being the runner-up.
  • Both finalists, Javokhir Sindarov and Wei Yi, made their way into next year’s Candidates.
  • Russia's Andrey Esipenko secured the third-place in the World Cup by winning against Nodirbek Yakubboev.
  • Andrey Esipenko also grabbed a ticket to the Candidates.
  • A total of 206 players participated in this FIDE World Cup.
  • There were a record 24 participants from India in the FIDE World Cup.
  • Arjun Erigaisi's quarter-final finish was the best performance by an Indian player.
Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha became youngest rated chess player in history (Start of December)
  • Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha from Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, became the youngest FIDE-rated chess player in history at the age of three years, seven months and 20 days.
  • He holds a rapid rating of 1,572, surpassing the previous record held by Kolkata’s Anish Sarkar.
  • Sarwagya began playing chess at the age of two-and-a-half and trains for four to five hours daily under coach Nitin Chaurasiya.
  • He secured his rating by defeating five rated opponents in FIDE-approved tournaments, including wins over Abhijeet Awasthi and Shubham Chourasiya.
Arjun Erigaisi defeats Viswanathan Anand in the Jerusalem Masters (Start of December)
  • Arjun Erigaisi triumphed at the Jerusalem Masters, defeating Viswanathan Anand in a thrilling all-Indian final.
  • Arjun Erigaisi secured victory with a 2.5-1.5 score.
  • Viswanathan Anand, a five-time world champion, finished as the runner-up.
  • The tournament was the Jerusalem Masters.

Finke River identified as the world's oldest river system on Jan 13, 2026

Key Updates:

  • The Finke River, known to the Arrernte people as Larapinta, is believed to be the world’s oldest river system.
  • Researchers say it began flowing between 300 and 400 million years ago, long before dinosaurs walked the planet.
  • Today, it runs through Australia’s Northern Territory and South Australia, stretching for more than 640 kilometres.
  • As the land slowly lifted during a tectonic event known as the Alice Springs Orogeny, the river kept cutting downward, holding its course even as rock was pushed up around it.
  • In central Australia, the river passes straight through the MacDonnell Ranges, a line of hard rock mountains.

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India and Bangladesh begin talks on Ganges Water Sharing Treaty renewal on January 02, 2026 (Start of January)
  • India and Bangladesh have begun talks on renewing the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty, set to expire in Dec 2026 - 30 years after it was signed - according to officials.
  • Both started measuring water levels in the Ganga and Padma, with measurements to be recorded every 10 days till May 31.
  • Central Water Commission (CWC) deputy director Saurabh Kumar and CWC assistant director Sunny Arora are in Bangladesh, while a four-member Bangladeshi team is in India, the officials said.
  • Senior Bangladesh water resource ministry official Shibber Hossain said 'special attention' was being given to the Indian team's security.
Guwahati Gateway Terminal and Jetty: India’s First Modern River Ferry Terminal (Mid of November)
  • Name: Guwahati Gateway Terminal and Jetty – India’s first modern river ferry terminal on the Brahmaputra River.
  • Launched by: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman.
  • Key Features: 100-seat waiting lounge, structured boarding zones, and an observatory deck.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) researchers discover 47-million-year-old snake fossil in Gujarat (End of December)
  • Along the Kutch coast, researchers unearthed fossils hinting at an ancient serpent, now estimated to be a mind-blowing 49 feet long and weighing nearly 1,000 kilograms.
  • For almost two decades, dedicated researchers from IIT Roorkee have meticulously studied these remains.
  • At a breathtaking 49 feet, it potentially takes the crown as the largest snake ever unearthed on Earth.
  • Early snakes, dating back over 160 million years, first emerged in the oceans.
  • Given the striking references to Vasuki Naag in Hindu scriptures, the scientific community has aptly named this newly identified serpent 'Vasuki'.
Bangladesh Joins UN Water Convention, Raising Concerns for India (Mid of November)
  • Bangladesh became the first country in South Asia to join the U.N.’s Water Convention, officially known as the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes.
  • The convention, initially intended for European and Central Asian countries, became available to all U.N. member countries in 2016.
  • Bangladesh's decision to join was driven by a need to safeguard and manage its waterways and address rising water security risks.
  • The author believes Bangladesh joining the convention could heighten tensions in South Asia, particularly with India.
  • India fears that Bangladesh's membership could undermine its negotiating power in future water disputes and when the Ganges River Treaty is due for renewal in 2026.
  • A day before signing the U.N. convention, Bangladesh joined China and Pakistan in announcing a ‘trilateral cooperation’ on the economy, climate and social development.

Ponduru Khadi receives Geographical Indication tag

Key Updates:

  • Ponduru Khadi, the cherished hand-woven cotton fabric from Ponduru village in Andhra Pradesh's Srikakulam district, has been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
  • The GI tag is registered in favor of Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).
  • KVIC Chairman Manoj Kumar announced the GI tag award on Friday.

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Ponduru khadi receives Geographical Indication tag (Mid of December)
  • Ponduru khadi has been granted the geographical indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indications Registry under the Union ministry of commerce and industry.
  • The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) submitted a declaration and supporting documents about two years ago to claim the GI tag.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was gifted a Ponduru khadi stole when he visited Dusi railway station during the Swadeshi movement in 1921.
  • The Andhra Pattusali Khadi Karmik Abhivrudhi Sangam (now known as Andhra Fine Khadi Karmik Abhivrudhi Sangam) was established in 1949 and currently functions under KVIC.
  • Acharya Vinoba Bhave laid the foundation stone of AFKKS in 1955.
Global Indices for Reforms and Growth (GIRG) initiative monitors 26 global indices (Start of December)
  • The government is reviewing India’s performance on 26 global indices through inter-ministerial coordination to identify gaps and address them, thereby supporting country's growth.
  • The Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO) of NITI Aayog serves as the knowledge partner and central coordinator for this initiative.
  • Under the GIRG framework, 17 nodal ministries have been assigned specific indices and given responsibility for driving improvements.
Glitter of Mathura poshak, symphony of Meerut bugle put UP on top of GI list (End of November)
  • UP maintained its dominance in GI-tagged goods with 79 GI products, surpassing Tamil Nadu’s 69.
  • Mathura zari poshak and Meerut bugle received fresh GI tags.
  • Mathura zari attire is linked to Lord Shri Krishna and involves generations of artisans.
  • Thousands of women artisans contribute to Mathura’s zari embroidery.
  • Meerut bugle played a role in the 1857 freedom struggle and is still used by army, police and schools.
  • Meerut manufactures about 10 major traditional instruments, including bugles, trumpets and drums.
  • Khazani Welfare Society applied for Mathura zari poshak GI with support from Mathura district administration and SIDBI.
  • Meerut Vadya Yantra Nirmata Vikreta Vyapari Welfare Association applied for Meerut bugle GI with NABARD UP and Meerut district administration backing.
  • Rajni Kant, GI Man of India, oversaw the legal process for both registrations.
Darjeeling Mandarin Orange Secures GI Tag on November 24, 2025, Boosting Farmers and Heritage (Start of December)
  • The 'Darjeeling Mandarin Orange' has officially been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
  • The GI status was formalised by the GI Registry on November 24, 2025.
  • Darjeeling Organic Farmers Producer Organisation (DOFPO) is the registered proprietor for the Darjeeling Mandarin Orange GI tag.
  • Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (UBKV) and Patent Information Centre (PIC) acted as facilitators for the application process.
  • The Darjeeling Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is the second product from its region, after Dalley Khorsani, to earn GI recognition.
  • The local name for the Darjeeling Mandarin Orange in the hills is 'suntala'.
  • The fruit is grown in the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts.
  • Darjeeling Member of Parliament (MP) Raju Bista, a BJP MP, expressed happiness over the GI recognition.
  • The Patent Information Centre (PIC) is part of the West Bengal State Council of Science and Technology (WBSCS&T).

Iran Protests and Historical Milestones + January 2026

[Iran]

Key Updates:

  • On January 16, 1979, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi boarded a plane and left Iran, marking the end of the monarchy.
  • Ruhollah Khomeini – the charismatic clerical leader returned from exile in February 1979 – became the symbol of the revolution.
  • After Khomeini’s death in 1989, Iran’s leadership passed to Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei, who had served as president from 1981–89.
  • The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) negotiated by President Hassan Rouhani’s administration had Iran curb its uranium enrichment in return for sanctions relief.
  • In September 2025, Britain, France, and Germany formally triggered the JCPOA’s ‘snap-back’ mechanism, restoring United Nations (UN) sanctions on Iran’s nuclear and missile activities.
  • The new round of protests began on December 28, 2025, and by early January 2026 had spread across Iran.
  • Ayatollah Khamenei cultivated the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a personal power base, shaping it into an instrument of control and regional influence.
  • Reuters cited December 2025 inflation at 42.5% (year-on-year), and the British Parliament briefing reports food price inflation above 70% in 2025.

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Abdolnasser Hemmati appointed Governor of Central Bank of Iran (Start of January)
  • Abdolnasser Hemmati has been appointed as the new governor of the Central Bank of Iran (CBI).
  • He succeeds Mohammad Reza Farzin, who resigned as the rial plunged to a record low against the US dollar.
  • His appointment follows nationwide protests driven by steep currency devaluation and soaring inflation.
Pakistan and Egypt agree to deepen ties in economic, commercial, cultural and defence sectors (Start of December)
  • Pakistan and Egypt agreed to deepen ties in economic, commercial, cultural and defence sectors after years of stagnant relationship.
  • Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty held discussions with Pakistani counterpart Ishaq Dar on conflicts in Gaza and Sudan, the dispute over the Iranian nuclear programme and ways to boost economic cooperation.
  • Pakistan-Egypt Joint Ministerial Commission had not met since 2010.
  • The two countries agreed to hold bilateral political consultations in the first quarter of 2026.
  • Egypt offered to share experiences to tackle terrorism and stands in full solidarity with Pakistan in the fight against terrorism and violent extremism.
  • Egypt aims to elevate bilateral relationship to the strategic level.
Canada removes Syria and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham from terrorism lists (Start of December)
  • Canada's foreign ministry announced it was revoking the 'terrorist' designation for Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).
  • Canada cited efforts by Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa’s government to 'advance Syria’s stability'.
  • The ministry stated the decisions were 'not taken lightly' and align with recent moves by the United Kingdom and the United States.
  • Canada had listed Syria as a 'state supporter of terrorism' in 2012.
  • The US partially suspended sanctions against Syria in June and extended the suspension in November after talks between al-Sharaa and Donald Trump.
  • The US also removed al-Sharaa from the 'specially designated global terrorist' list prior to the White House meeting.
Kazakhstan to Join Abraham Accords; Trump Hosts Central Asian Summit (Start of November)
  • Kazakhstan is set to join the Abraham Accords between Israel and Muslim majority countries.
  • Proof: "Kazakhstan is set to join the Abraham Accords between Israel and Muslim majority countries"
  • The Abraham Accord nations previously included Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates.
  • Proof: "the other Abraham Accord nations — Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan and the United Arab Emirates."
  • Mr. Trump hosted a summit with the leaders of Kazakhstan and four other Central Asian nations.
  • Proof: "Mr. Trump hosted a summit with the leaders of Kazakhstan and four other Central Asian nations"
  • Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated Kazakhstan's entry will create a partnership for special and unique economic development.
  • Proof: "You're now creating a partnership that brings special and unique economic development on all sorts of issues that they can work on together," Rubio said.
  • Specific areas of enhanced Israeli-Kazakh cooperation would include defense, cybersecurity, energy and food technology.
  • Proof: "That official said specific areas of enhanced Israeli-Kazakh cooperation would include defense, cybersecurity, energy and food technology"
  • Rubio and Tokayev discussed expanding opportunities for commercial trade and investment as well as increased cooperation in energy, technology, and infrastructure.
  • Proof: "Rubio and Tokayev 'discussed expanding opportunities for commercial trade and investment as well as increased cooperation with Kazakhstan in energy, technology, and infrastructure,' the department said in a statement."

Prime Minister Modi celebrates decade of Startup India movement

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi celebrated the tenth anniversary of the Startup India Movement on National Startup Day.
  • He congratulated stakeholders and highlighted the courage, spirit of innovation and entrepreneurial zeal of India’s youth powering India’s rise in the global startup ecosystem.
  • Modi emphasized reforms creating a conducive atmosphere for startups to venture into areas like space and defence.
  • He noted Indian startups are contributing to Atmanirbhar Bharat by turning youth into problem solvers.
  • The Prime Minister acknowledged the role of mentors, incubators, investors and academic institutions in supporting startups.
  • Startup India was launched on 16 January 2016 to nurture innovation and promote entrepreneurship.
  • Over the past decade more than 2,00,000 startups have been recognised across India, driving employment and innovation-led economic growth.

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Delhi NEEV programme introduces hands-on entrepreneurship education for Classes 8-12 (End of November)
  • The Delhi government’s New Era of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Vision (NEEV) programme embeds structured, activity-based entrepreneurial exercises into classrooms.
  • NEEV targets students from Classes 8 to 12 and replaces rote learning with creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving tasks.
  • Activities include Role Model Research, Talk Show, Business in a Box – Rapid Fire Challenge, Startup of the Day, and a two-week My Billion-Rupee Idea assessment.
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) records USD 51 billion FDI inflow in six months (Mid of January)
  • India has received foreign direct investment (FDI) worth USD 51 billion in the last six months.
  • DPIIT will organise National Startup Day on January 16, during which 75 Grand Challenges will be launched to foster innovation and problem-solving across sectors.
  • More than 3,000 requests have been received to participate in National Startup Day.
  • 20 National Startup Awards will be presented on National Startup Day to recognise excellence in entrepreneurship.
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (I&B Ministry) and Netflix Conclude ‘Inspiring Innovators’ Skilling Initiative (Mid of January)
  • The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) and Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (I&B Ministry) marked the culmination of ‘Inspiring Innovators – Naye Bharat Ki Nayi Pehchaaan’, a skilling initiative developed in collaboration with the Netflix Fund for Creative Equity.
  • The initiative showcases the contributions of eight Indian start-ups identified by the Office of the PSA for their work in driving social-impact innovation.
  • Eight short animated films were created by students from eight universities across India, including the National Institute of Design (NID), Chitkara University, and Satyajit Ray Institute of Film and Television.
  • Voiceovers for the films were recorded by participants from the Voicebox, a skilling initiative by Netflix in collaboration with the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC).
  • The initiative provided hands-on creative experience to a cohort of 26 students, where fifty per cent of the participants were women and several students came from Tier-2 cities.
  • Students were mentored by experts from the National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad, and Graphiti Studios to gain practical exposure to industry processes and emerging technologies like AI-led narratives.
India rises to 6th largest global patent filer with over 64,000 patents (Mid of November)
  • India filed over 64,000 patents, with more than 55% filed by resident Indian innovators
  • Country climbed from 81st to 38th rank in the Global Innovation Index
  • Key national milestones cited: Chandrayaan-3, world’s first DNA vaccine, and indigenous antibiotics
  • Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh emphasized entrepreneurship, start-ups, skilling, and applied sciences as new opportunity drivers
  • Government provides accessible funding, mentorship, and skill development pathways even for those without advanced degrees

National Startup Day 2026 highlights India’s startup-driven future

Key Updates:

  • National Startup Day is observed every year on January 16 across the country.
  • India currently ranks as the third-largest startup ecosystem globally, with over 1.59 lakh startups recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) as of early 2025.
  • DPIIT-recognised startups have generated over 16.6 lakh direct jobs across sectors as of October 31, 2024.

Similar Coverage

Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) records USD 51 billion FDI inflow in six months (Mid of January)
  • India has received foreign direct investment (FDI) worth USD 51 billion in the last six months.
  • DPIIT will organise National Startup Day on January 16, during which 75 Grand Challenges will be launched to foster innovation and problem-solving across sectors.
  • More than 3,000 requests have been received to participate in National Startup Day.
  • 20 National Startup Awards will be presented on National Startup Day to recognise excellence in entrepreneurship.
BHARATI Initiative: APEDA-led Hub to Enable Export-Ready Agri-Food & Agri-Tech Startups (Mid of January)
  • APEDA launched BHARATI—Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement—to support agri-food and agri-tech startups.
  • BHARATI will provide mentorship, incubation, and policy facilitation to create direct pathways to global markets.
  • The initiative positions startups as core enablers of India’s agri-export strategy.
India rises to 6th largest global patent filer with over 64,000 patents (Mid of November)
  • India filed over 64,000 patents, with more than 55% filed by resident Indian innovators
  • Country climbed from 81st to 38th rank in the Global Innovation Index
  • Key national milestones cited: Chandrayaan-3, world’s first DNA vaccine, and indigenous antibiotics
  • Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh emphasized entrepreneurship, start-ups, skilling, and applied sciences as new opportunity drivers
  • Government provides accessible funding, mentorship, and skill development pathways even for those without advanced degrees
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (I&B Ministry) and Netflix Conclude ‘Inspiring Innovators’ Skilling Initiative (Mid of January)
  • The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) and Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (I&B Ministry) marked the culmination of ‘Inspiring Innovators – Naye Bharat Ki Nayi Pehchaaan’, a skilling initiative developed in collaboration with the Netflix Fund for Creative Equity.
  • The initiative showcases the contributions of eight Indian start-ups identified by the Office of the PSA for their work in driving social-impact innovation.
  • Eight short animated films were created by students from eight universities across India, including the National Institute of Design (NID), Chitkara University, and Satyajit Ray Institute of Film and Television.
  • Voiceovers for the films were recorded by participants from the Voicebox, a skilling initiative by Netflix in collaboration with the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC).
  • The initiative provided hands-on creative experience to a cohort of 26 students, where fifty per cent of the participants were women and several students came from Tier-2 cities.
  • Students were mentored by experts from the National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad, and Graphiti Studios to gain practical exposure to industry processes and emerging technologies like AI-led narratives.