Daily Current Affairs: 9 December 2025

Analysis for 09 December 2025

Ghaziabad tops India’s pollution chart in Nov 2025: CREA

Key Updates:

Ghaziabad emerged as the most polluted city in India in November 2025, with a monthly average PM2.5 concentration of 224 µg/m³.
Noida, Bahadurgarh, Delhi, Hapur, Greater Noida, Baghpat, Sonipat, Meerut and Rohtak joined Ghaziabad in the top 10 most polluted cities.
Delhi ranked as the fourth most polluted city, recording a monthly average PM2.5 concentration of 215 µg/m³ in November, about twice its October level of 107 µg/m³.
The contribution of stubble burning was comparatively lower this year, an average of seven per cent in November, down from 20 per cent last year.
Shillong, Meghalaya was Indiaʼs cleanest city in November, with a monthly average PM2.5 concentration of 7 µg/m³.

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DRAP and UiWIN Initiatives Launched for Dumpsite Remediation and Urban Investment (Start of November) ▼

Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar launched two flagship initiatives: the Dumpsite Remediation Accelerator Programme (DRAP) and the Urban Investment Window (UiWIN).
The initiatives were inaugurated by the Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs during the two-day 'National Urban Conclave 2025'.
DRAP targets the elimination of legacy waste dumpsites by September 2026, aiming to achieve 'Lakshya Zero Dumpsites'.
UiWIN aims to unlock private and multilateral investments to fuel infrastructure growth in cities, and will serve as a one-stop platform to attract private capital and long-term concessional funding from multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
Under DRAP, the Centre will fast-track the remediation of remaining dumpsites across urban India in a mission-mode effort.
The government has allocated central financial assistance of Rs 550 per tonne for waste remediation under DRAP.
So far, 1,048 out of 2,476 dumpsites, holding about 25 crore metric tonnes of waste, have been remediated, reclaiming nearly 7,580 acres of land.
UiWIN will also focus on promoting Public-Private Partnership (PPP)-based urban projects to accelerate sustainable infrastructure development.

Delhi's Air Quality Enters 'Red Zone' Amidst Severe Pollution (Start of November) ▼

Delhi's air quality has entered the 'red zone' with AQI crossing 400, making it the country's second most polluted city.
With a 24-hour average AQI of 361, Delhi became the country’s second most polluted city, according to CPCB data.
Several areas, including Wazirpur (420), Burari (418), and Vivek Vihar (411), recorded 'severe' pollution levels.
In the NCR, Noida (354), Greater Noida (336), and Ghaziabad (339) also reported hazardous air.
Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) stage 3 has not been enforced yet because, according to the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), the city’s air quality this November has remained comparatively better than the same period last year.
Officials credited this improvement to timely and coordinated actions across departments, including intensified dust control, road cleaning, anti-smog operations, and stricter checks on vehicles and industrial emissions.
The air quality early warning system for Delhi has forecast that the city’s air will stay in the ‘very poor’ category for the coming days.

Swachh Survekshan 2025 Report Ranks India's Dirtiest Cities (Start of November) ▼

The Swachh Survekshan 2025 report lists the top 10 dirtiest cities in India.
Madurai is ranked as the dirtiest city in India with a score of 4823.
Bengaluru is ranked as the fifth dirtiest urban centre in India (in the over-one-million population category) with a score of 6842.
Delhi ranks tenth on the list of India’s dirtiest cities with a score of 7920.
Ludhiana, Chennai, and Ranchi are also featured among India’s dirtiest cities, ranking second, third, and fourth respectively.
Cities such as Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Lucknow, Raipur, and Jabalpur have emerged as strong performers among the cleanest cities.
Indore, Surat, and Navi Mumbai earned recognition in the new “Super Swachh League” for their sustained commitment to urban cleanliness.

Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards 2025 & Wetland City Accreditation: Key Government Initiatives Under NCAP (Mid of September) ▼

Scheme Name: National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) – Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2025; Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Objective: Promote healthy competition among 130 NCAP cities to take expeditious actions to improve air quality through rigorous, multi-tiered evaluation
Key Feature: Annual survey now extended to ward-level with release of ‘Ward-Level Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Guidelines’ for deeper impact
Financial Outlay: ₹20,130 crore allocated to 130 NCAP cities; ₹13,237 crore provided as air-quality-performance-linked grant; total ₹1.55 lakh crore mobilised by converging Central schemes (SBM-U, AMRUT, Smart City, SATAT, FAME-II, Nagar Van) plus State/ULB contributions
Portal: PRANA digital platform enables cities to track progress and ensures transparency in implementation of air-quality activities
Wetland City Accreditation: Indore and Udaipur recognised as Ramsar Wetland Cities under Ramsar Convention for safeguarding urban wetlands

Banas Dairy commissions bio-CNG plant, adopts circular-economy model

Key Updates:

Union home and cooperation minister Amit Shah inaugurated a bio CNG plant by Banas Dairy.
Shah stated the dairy will be turned into a circular economy system, directly benefiting cattle rearers.
The cooperative model implemented by Banas Dairy has become an inspiration for the country and the world.

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India’s first dry-fermentation municipal solid waste plant nears reality in Nagpur (End of November) ▼

India's largest municipal solid waste (MSW)-to-compressed biogas (CBG) plant using dry anaerobic digestion technology is nearing completion at Bhandewadi.
The company has constructed a 1,500 MTPD facility, anticipating Nagpur's future waste load.
This positions the Bhandewadi plant not only as India's first large-scale dry fermentation MSW facility, but also among the largest of its kind anywhere in the world.
A standout feature of this project is its requirement to prove the technology on real, mixed Indian waste before full-scale construction.
Dry anaerobic digestion offers clear advantages over conventional CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor) biogas systems, which often struggles with unsegregated or semi-dry waste.
The technology digests organic matter with minimal energy input, yields higher compressed biogas (CBG) output, reduces landfill dependence, and sharply cuts methane emissions.
Once operational, the plant will convert 550–600 TPD of organic waste into CBG through 30 fermentation tunnels, generate 400 TPD of refuse-derived fuel (RDF), and send less than 10% inert waste to a scientific landfill.
It will also produce compost and soil conditioners while sharply cutting the city's carbon footprint.
The facility is designed to treat all of Nagpur's daily municipal waste.
Municipal Solid Waste received at the plant is passed through a semi-automated segregation unit.
Organic waste is processed in dry fermentation tunnels, producing raw biogas (RBG).
RBG is upgraded into CBG (Compressed Bio Gas), generating CO₂ as a by-product.
Digestate is converted into compost, which is then screened and sent for market use to farmers.
Process water goes to a fermentation tank, is treated through ETP, and reused internally.

BPCL signs MoUs for ₹1 lakh crore refinery, pipelines, and green energy projects (End of October) ▼

Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) signed three Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with Oil India (OIL), Numaligarh Refinery (NRL), and Fertilisers & Chemicals Travancore (FACT) at the 28th Energy Technology Meet 2025 in Hyderabad.
BPCL and OIL signed a non-binding MoU to explore collaboration in developing BPCL’s upcoming greenfield refinery and petrochemical complex near Ramayapatnam Port, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, with an estimated investment of ₹1 lakh crore.
The proposed Ramayapatnam facility will have a refining capacity of 9-12 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) and feature a 1.5 MMTPA ethylene cracker unit with 35 per cent petrochemical intensity.
BPCL, OIL, and NRL signed a tripartite MoU for the joint construction of a 700-km cross-country product pipeline from Siliguri to Mughalsarai, with an estimated investment of ₹3,500 crore.
BPCL signed an MoU with FACT for the supply and trading of fermented organic manure and liquid fermented organic manure produced from BPCL’s upcoming municipal solid waste-based compressed biogas plant at Brahmapuram, near Kochi Refinery.
The Brahmapuram plant will process 150 MT of municipal waste per day, generating 5.6 MT of compressed biogas (CBG), along with 28 MT of fermented organic manure (FOM) and 100 KL of liquid fermented organic manure (LFOM) daily.
The Ramayapatnam project has secured 6,000 acres of land from the Government of Andhra Pradesh and is slated for commercial operations by FY30.

Banas Dairy and Union Cooperation Ministry Sign Pact for High-Quality Potato Seeds (Mid of November) ▼

The Banas Dairy and union cooperation ministry signed an important agreement.
The agreement is aimed at encouraging scientific production of potato seeds to develop a complete value chain and increase farmers' income.
Under the agreement, Bhartiya Beej Sahkari Samiti Ltd (BBSSL) and Banas Dairy will jointly produce seed potatoes.
Banas Dairy will share its advanced tissue culture and aeroponic technology with BBSSL to ensure the supply of disease-free seed potatoes to farmers.
Farmers will also be provided with facilities such as scientific farming, training, contract farming, and organised markets.
BBSS is a cooperative society established by the central government to produce, procure, and distribute high-quality seeds through a network of cooperatives.

India's First Bamboo-Based Biorefinery Achieves Mechanical Completion (Start of September) ▼

India’s first Bamboo based Biorefinery achieved a Significant Milestone of Mechanical Completion on Sep 05, 2025
The project is aimed at producing 49,000 TPA of Bio Ethanol, 11,000 TPA of Acetic Acid, and 19,000 TPA of Furfural from raw bamboo feedstocks
The project is being executed by EIL in EPCM mode directly from demo stage
The technology for the project is supplied by Chempolis OY
This project will contribute significantly towards achieving the Ethanol Blending Program EBP target of the Government of India and meeting the energy security for the nation
The project is fully aligned with our Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision to achieve Net Zero by the year 2070

Department of Financial Services (DFS) reports Jan Dhan accounts hold Rs 2.75 lakh crore

Key Updates:

Jan Dhan accounts across the country currently hold balances of about Rs 2.75 lakh crore.
The average balance per Jan Dhan account is approximately Rs 4,815.
A total of Rs 3.67 lakh crore has been transferred through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in the current financial year.
About 78.2 per cent of Jan Dhan accounts are in rural or semi-urban areas.
50 per cent of Jan Dhan accounts are held by women.
India’s Financial Inclusion Index stood at 67 as of March 2025.

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Jan Dhan Account Balances Cross ₹2.75 Lakh Crore Mark (Start of November) ▼

The total balance in Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accounts stood at ₹2,75,057 crore as on October 22, 2025.
The total number of beneficiaries (accounts) under PMJDY reached 56.85 crore.
Public sector banks hold ₹2.15 lakh crore of the total deposits in PMJDY accounts.
Regional Rural Banks hold a balance of ₹51,489 crore in PMJDY accounts.
Private banks mobilised ₹8,149 crore in PMJDY accounts.
As of August 2025, 13 crore out of 56 crore PMJDY accounts were found to be inactive.
The Department of Financial Services organised a nationwide Financial Inclusion (FI) Saturation Programme for three months during July-September 2025.
About 5 per cent of inoperative accounts under PMJDY completed re-verification of Know Your Customer (KYC) norms by the end of September.
Almost 90 per cent of households in the country have a bank account.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) pilots retail digital rupee crossing 120 million transactions worth over ₹28,000 crore (Start of December) ▼

The retail CBDC pilot has processed more than 120 million transactions valued at over ₹28,000 crore.
The pilot includes 17 banks and has an active user base of over 8 million.
Retail e-rupee circulation surged 334% in Financial Year 2025 to ₹1,016.5 crore as of March 2025.
RBI is focusing on programmability and cross-border integration for the digital rupee.
RBI has introduced a retail sandbox enabling fintech firms to develop CBDC-based solutions.

RBI returns Jana SFB’s universal-bank licence bid; Q2 FY26 gross NPA 2.75%, net NPA 0.90% (Start of November) ▼

RBI has returned Jana SFB’s application to convert into a universal bank, citing unmet eligibility criteria.
Jana SFB reported gross NPA of 2.75 percent and net NPA of 0.90 percent for Q2 FY26.
The bank took accelerated provisions of Rs 72 crore in Q2 FY26 and Rs 222 crore in H1 FY26 to contain microfinance slippages.
Slippages stood at Rs 591 crore in Q2 FY26, up from Rs 515 crore in the preceding quarter.
Secured loans accounted for 72.5 percent of total advances as of September 2025, versus 64.6 percent a year earlier.
Total unsecured book was Rs 8,715 crore, with 49 percent of the microfinance segment covered under government credit-guarantee schemes.
Advances grew 20 percent year-on-year to Rs 31,655 crore and deposits rose 31 percent to Rs 32,532 crore in Q2 FY26.
Liquidity coverage ratio stood at 170 percent.

RBI approves S Krishnan's appointment as J&K Bank Chairman (Mid of November) ▼

The Reserve Bank of India has approved the appointment of S Krishnan as part-time chairman of J&K Bank.
His appointment is effective from November 13, 2025, till March 26, 2028.
Krishnan previously served as MD & CEO of Punjab & Sind Bank.
He also held the top position as MD & CEO of Tamilnad Mercantile Bank in September 2022.
Krishnan is currently an independent director on the board of Srinagar-headquartered bank.

Deloitte India launches AI-powered 'Tax Pragya' platform to revolutionize tax research

Key Updates:

Deloitte is launching 'Tax Pragya', an AI-powered tool to streamline tax research.
Tax Pragya is built on a vast repository of data encompassing over a million court cases alongside Deloitte's comprehensive knowledge solution papers.
Unlike traditional research methods, which can take hours, this platform promises to condense analysis into mere minutes.

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Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes holds 18th Plenary meeting (Start of December) ▼

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes comprises 170 jurisdictions and monitors implementation of international standards on transparency and information exchange.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated that digitalisation of the economy and emergence of new financial products demand coordination, trust and timely exchange of relevant information.
She emphasised that confidentiality and cybersecurity must be maintained with great care while using technological tools like artificial intelligence along with judgement to ensure measurable outcomes from exchanged tax information.

Malawi debuts world’s first AI-driven, blockchain-verified Paris Agreement Implementation Platform (Mid of November) ▼

Technology: AI-driven, blockchain-verified Paris Agreement Implementation Platform (PAIP) integrating smart contracts, satellite imagery, machine learning models, and immutable blockchain infrastructure
Developers: Built by TRST01 as core technology partner within the Green Economy Partnership (GEP)
Function: Automates national GHG inventories, long-term strategies, climate project matching, resilience scoring, and data confidence indexes while providing auditable evidence for regulators and verifiers
Verification: Secures every credit and transaction on a public ledger to monitor emissions and verify climate projects with scientific precision
Access: Offered free of charge to other Global South nations to accelerate Article 6 implementation and democratize access to advanced climate technologies

Deakin University and Government of Telangana Sign Letter of Intent for AI Innovation (Start of September) ▼

Deakin University, Australia, and the Department of Information Technology, Electronics and Communications (ITE&C), Government of Telangana, have signed a Letter of Intent to collaborate on mission-driven AI innovation aligned with public good and digital economy goals.
The collaboration aims to advance India's digital public infrastructure, accelerate responsible AI adoption, and strengthen innovation capacity in line with national and state development priorities.
Specific aims include exploring AI-enabled public sector solutions in health, education, and governance, supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises, and accelerating the translation of applied AI research into scalable real-world applications.
The partnership will foster knowledge exchange and challenge-driven innovation, and support capacity building through talent development, AI education, and workforce capacity building.
Telangana's AI framework, as stated by the Hon'ble Minister, is built on the pillars of skilling, data governance, and regulation.

CAG pushes nationwide digital audits: AI/ML tools already expose fraud in states (End of September) ▼

Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) K Sanjay Murthy stated that artificial intelligence and machine learning tools have already helped expose a large number of fraudulent cases in several states.
Digitisation of auditing processes is now the CAG’s top priority to ensure remote audits, timely reporting and broader coverage including 100 per cent checks of GST and IT databases.
CAG has successfully conducted remote audits of GST, stamp and registration, e-procurement, works audit and DBT schemes in some states and plans to roll out such audits across all departments with digitised records.

Project Mahadema launches grassroots football initiative in Maharashtra

Key Updates:

Western India Football Association selected 30 boys and 30 girls under 13 from a statewide talent hunt.
Selected children train at Cooperage Football Ground in Mumbai and CIDCO Football Ground in Navi Mumbai.
The initiative aims to build a sustained pipeline for India’s 2034 FIFA World Cup qualification goal.

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DoSJE–PW Foundation MoU: Free Coaching for 15,000 Marginalized Youth (Start of November) ▼

MoU signed on November 7, 2025 between Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE) and PW Foundation (Physics Wallah Foundation).
Objective: provide free structured online coaching to 15,000 students from SC, OBC and PM CARES Children Scheme beneficiaries for UPSC, SSC and Banking exams.
Key features: live/recorded lectures, test series with analytics, mentorship, doubt-clearing sessions, bilingual study material; no government funds involved.
Selection: transparent online application on DoSJE website, vetted through merit and need-based parameters.

PM Modi Unveils Over Rs 8,000 Crore Development Projects and Initiatives in Uttarakhand (Mid of November) ▼

Prime Minister Modi inaugurated development projects worth over Rs 8,140 crore.
These initiatives target core areas such as drinking water, irrigation, technical education, energy, urban development, sports, and skill development.
The Prime Minister also released a support amount of Rs 62 crore under the PM Fasal Bima Yojana, transferred directly into the bank accounts of more than 28,000 farmers.
Projects inaugurated include the Dehradun water supply coverage for 23 zones under the AMRUT scheme, an electrical substation in Pithoragarh district, solar power plants on government buildings, and the AstroTurf Hockey Ground at Haldwani Stadium in Nainital.
Foundation stones were laid for projects such as the Song Dam Drinking Water Project, which will supply 150 million litres per day (MLD) of drinking water to Dehradun, and the Jamarani Dam Multipurpose Project in Nainital, designed to provide drinking water, support irrigation activities and generate electricity.

53rd Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Memorial Tournament (SSBMT-2025), Indoor Zonal-II, Inaugurated in Lucknow (Start of November) ▼

The 53rd Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Memorial Tournament (SSBMT-2025), Indoor Zonal-II, organised by the staff club of CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, was inaugurated on Friday.
The four-day tournament brings together players and sports enthusiasts from various CSIR laboratories across the northern region to celebrate fitness, teamwork, and camaraderie.
Secretary, sports and youth welfare and director general, youth welfare and paralympic badminton world champion, Suhas LY, who inaugurated the event, said sports not only build character but also teaches perseverance, leadership, and the value of fair play.
The tournament features popular indoor games such as badminton, table tennis, chess, and carrom, offering a platform for CSIR personnel to showcase their sporting excellence and foster a sense of togetherness beyond laboratories.

Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) Initiative: Key Features and Launch Details (Start of November) ▼

Initiative Name: Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) – jointly by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Education, and Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
Launch: Unveiled in New Delhi; rollout planned across "over one thousand schools nationwide."
Objective: "Strengthen Janbhagidari and promote participatory local governance by engaging students in simulated Gram Sabha sessions."
Key Features: Includes release of a "Training Module on Model Youth Gram Sabha" and the "MYGS Portal."
Ministers Attending: Minister of State for Panchayati Raj SP Singh Baghel and Minister of State for Tribal Affairs Durgadas Uikey.

Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026 Registrations Open on MyGov Portal

Key Updates:

Ministry of Education (MoE) announced the 9th edition of Pariksha Pe Charcha (PPC) to be held in January 2026.
Online MCQ-based competition for participant selection runs on MyGov portal from 1st December 2025 to 11th January 2026.
Students of Classes 6-12, teachers, and parents can register; all completers receive MyGov participation certificate.

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Hindi Diwas 2025 observed on 14 September: History, significance and key facts (Mid of September) ▼

Hindi Diwas is celebrated every year on September 14 to honour Hindi as one of India’s most widely spoken languages.
The day commemorates the adoption of Hindi as an official language of India in 1949.
Hindi Diwas 2025 will be observed on 14 September, Sunday.

8th Chair Poetry Evenings – Kolkata’s International Poetry Festival to be held from November 28 to 30, 2025 (Mid of November) ▼

The festival will feature poets from thirteen countries presenting works in sixteen different languages.
The event reinforces the festival’s spirit of global poetic exchange as stated in the article.
The eighth edition of Chair Poetry Evenings is scheduled to take place in Kolkata.

Government to Release New National Accounts Series with FY 2022-23 as Base Year (End of November) ▼

The government will release a new series of national accounts on February 27, 2026, with fiscal year 2022-23 as the base year.
An Advisory Committee on National Account Statistics (ACNAS) under the chairmanship of professor B.N. Goldar has been constituted to advise MoSPI.
The Ministry has planned to release discussion papers on national accounts to apprise users of the changes in the new series.

Gujarati New Year 2025: Bestu Varas on 22 October, Vikram Samvat 2082 begins (End of October) ▼

Gujarati New Year 2025 will be celebrated on Wednesday, 22 October 2025, a day after Diwali.
The Pratipada Tithi begins at 5:54 PM on 21 October 2025 and ends at 8:16 PM on 22 October 2025.
This day marks the beginning of Vikram Samvat 2082 according to the Hindu Vikram Samvat calendar.

India’s Internet Subscribers Reach 1.02 Billion in Q2 FY26, TRAI Reports

Key Updates:

India’s total Internet subscriber base climbed to 1,017.81 million by the end of the July–September quarter (Q2 FY26), marking a 1.49 percent increase from 1,002.85 million in the previous quarter.
Of the total 1,070.81 million Internet accounts recorded by TRAI, 44.42 million were wired connections and 973.39 million were wireless.
Broadband subscriptions rose 1.63 percent, increasing from 979.71 million in June to 995.63 million in September.
Narrowband subscriptions slipped from 23.14 million to 22.18 million over the same period.
Wireline subscriptions declined quarter-on-quarter, falling from 47.49 million at the end of Q1 to 46.61 million at the end of Q2, a drop of 1.84 percent.
Monthly average revenue per user for wireless services rose 2.34 percent, moving from Rs 186.62 in Q1 to Rs 190.99 in Q2.

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NITI Aayog Reports on Service Sector Job Growth and Employment Share in India (End of October) ▼

India’s services sector's employment share rose from 26.9 percent in 2011–12 to 29.7 percent in 2023–24, according to two new NITI Aayog reports.
The sector added nearly 40 million jobs in six years, bringing total employment to about 188 million.
The two NITI Aayog reports are titled “India’s Services Sector: Insights from Employment Trends and State-Level Dynamics” and “India’s Services Sector: Insights from GVA Trends and State-Level Dynamics”.
Gross employment elasticity increased from 0.35 before the pandemic to 0.63 in the post-pandemic period.
India’s services sector continues to lag the global average of about 50 percent.
NITI Aayog projected that artificial intelligence (AI) could generate up to 4 million new jobs in India by 2030.

UPI transactions hit record Rs 27.28 lakh crore in October with 20.7 billion payments (Start of November) ▼

UPI transactions reached an all-time high of Rs 27.28 lakh crore in October, clocking 20.7 billion transactions.
This marks a 9.5% month-on-month rise in transaction value from Rs 24.9 lakh crore in September and a 16% jump year-on-year from Rs 23.49 lakh crore in October 2023.
UPI now powers 85% of all digital transactions in India and accounts for nearly half of global real-time digital payments.
The festival month saw an average of 668 million transactions per day, with an average daily value of Rs 87,993 crore.

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) records over 19 billion transactions valued at ₹24.58 lakh crore in November 2025 (Start of December) ▼

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) data shows UPI recorded over 19 billion transactions worth ₹24.58 lakh crore as of November 28.
UPI recorded 15.48 billion transactions valued at ₹21.55 lakh crore in November 2024.
UPI transaction volume in November 2025 grew by about 23 per cent from November 2024.
UPI transaction value rose by nearly 14 per cent year-on-year.
UPI transactions increased by nearly 70 per cent in volume and over 41 per cent in value from November 2023.
UPI logged 4.18 billion transactions valued at ₹7.68 lakh crore in November 2021.
UPI transaction volume grew more than fourfold from 2021 to 2025.
UPI total transaction value increased by over threefold from 2021 to 2025.
UPI processed 12.41 billion transactions for financial year 2025-26 so far with average daily volume of 689.60 million.
UPI average daily value for FY 2025-26 so far stood at ₹91,324.77 crore.
Corresponding period in FY 2024-25 had UPI average daily volume of 516.07 million and value of ₹71,839.58 crore.

S&P Global India Research Reaffirms India's Growth Outlook and Key Sector Expansions (Mid of September) ▼

S&P Global India Research projects India to maintain a 6.5% GDP growth in fiscal 2025-26.
The report noted that India currently accounts for less than 1% of the global shipbuilding market.
India is set to become the second-largest market for datacenter electricity demand in the Asia-Pacific region by 2028.
Reforms in India's nuclear value chain are expected in 2026-27.

Yashasvi Jaiswal scores maiden ODI century to join elite list of Indians with tons in all formats

Key Updates:

Yashasvi Jaiswal scored his maiden ODI century in 111 balls against South Africa in Visakhapatnam.
He becomes the sixth Indian to score centuries in all formats of men’s international cricket.
Jaiswal now has seven Test centuries, one T20I century, and one ODI century in his international career.

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Virat Kohli surpasses Sachin Tendulkar for most ODI tons against South Africa (Start of December) ▼

Virat Kohli recorded his 52nd ODI century against South Africa.
The match was held at the JSCA International Stadium in Ranchi.
Virat Kohli achieved 52 centuries in a single international format, surpassing Sachin Tendulkar's 51 Test centuries.
Virat Kohli now holds the record for most ODI centuries ever with 52.
Virat Kohli scored his 25th ODI century at home, the first player to reach this milestone.
Virat Kohli recorded his 6th ODI century against South Africa, the most by any batter, surpassing Sachin Tendulkar's 5.
Virat Kohli hit 218 sixes at number three across formats, surpassing Ricky Ponting's 217.
Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma shared a 136-run century partnership, their 20th in ODIs.
Virat Kohli became the batter with the most fifties (59) in ODIs in India, overtaking Sachin Tendulkar.

Mohit Sharma announces retirement from all forms of cricket (Start of December) ▼

Veteran India pacer Mohit Sharma on Wednesday announced his retirement from all forms of cricket.
The 37-year-old pacer featured in 34 international appearances—26 ODIs and 8 T20Is.
He took 35 wickets in 26 ODIs and six wickets in 8 T20s.
Mohit was part of India's 2015 ODI World Cup squad.
He played more than a decade in the Indian Premier League, representing Chennai Super Kings, Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings), Delhi Capitals and Gujarat Titans.
In 2023, he finished as the second-highest wicket-taker of the season for Gujarat Titans.

Rohit Sharma surpasses Shahid Afridi for most sixes in ODI cricket (Start of December) ▼

Rohit Sharma became the player with the most sixes in ODI cricket with 352 sixes, surpassing Shahid Afridi's 351.
Rohit Sharma achieved the record in the first ODI against South Africa.
Rohit Sharma hit the record-breaking 352nd six in the 20th over of India's innings.
Rohit Sharma reached the record in exactly 100 innings less than Shahid Afridi.
Rohit Sharma scored 57 off 51 balls in the match.
Batters with most sixes: Rohit Sharma (India) 352, Shahid Afridi (Pakistan) 351, Chris Gayle (West Indies) 331, Sanath Jayasuriya (Sri Lanka) 270, MS Dhoni (India) 229.

CAB to honour Richa Ghosh for Women's World Cup performance (Start of November) ▼

The Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) will present India wicketkeeper-batter Richa Ghosh with a specially crafted gold-plated bat and ball.
The felicitation is for her stellar performance in the Women’s World Cup.
Richa Ghosh scored 235 runs from eight innings at a strike rate of 133.52, which was the highest in the tournament.
The bat and ball, signed by former India captain Sourav Ganguly and pace legend Jhulan Goswami, will be presented to Richa Ghosh.
The ceremony will take place at Eden Gardens on Saturday.
Richa Ghosh smashed 12 sixes in the tournament, equalling Deandra Dottin’s record for the most sixes in a single Women’s World Cup.
India defeated Laura Wolvaardt’s side by 52 runs in the final against South Africa at the DY Patil Stadium.
Richa Ghosh's trophy cabinet includes the Women’s World Cup, U-19 World Cup, Women’s Premier League title, Asian Games gold, and Commonwealth Games silver.

Right to Disconnect Bill 2025 grants employees legal right to ignore after-hours work calls and emails

Key Updates:

The bill proposes creation of an Employees’ Welfare Authority 'tasked with ensuring that employees are not obligated to respond to work-related communications once the official workday concludes.'
Employees will have 'the right to refuse any work-related calls or emails after work hours and on holidays, with no repercussions for such refusals.'
Companies with more than 10 employees must 'negotiate terms regarding after-hours work with unions or employee representatives' and pay overtime at 'the normal wage rate.'
Non-compliant companies face 'a fine amounting to 1% of the total remuneration paid to their employees.'

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Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Records India's Unemployment Rate Decline from 6.0% to 3.2% (Start of December) ▼

Unemployment rate on usual status for persons aged 15 years and above declined from 6.0% in 2017-18 to 3.2% in 2023-24.
In Maharashtra, unemployment rate on usual status dropped from 4.8% in 2017-18 to 3.3% in 2023-24.
Maharashtra rural unemployment declined from 3.2% to 2.1%.
Maharashtra urban unemployment reduced from 7.4% to 5.2%.
Unemployment for 15-year-plus population stood at 5.1% in August 2025 and 5.2% in September 2025.
Rural unemployment was 4.3% in August 2025 and 4.6% in September 2025.
Urban unemployment was 6.7% in August 2025 and 6.8% in September 2025.
Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana targets creation of over 3.5 crore jobs over two years with Rs 99,446 crore outlay.
Code on Social Security, 2020 provides paid maternity leave of 26 weeks and mandatory crèche facility in establishments having 50 or more employees.

Labour codes: What changes for workers and employers (End of November) ▼

Effective November 21, the four labour codes replace 29 central labour laws.
The codes aim to ease regulations and compliance norms for employers and ensure uniformity in wage structure and social security protection for workers.
They are seen as beneficial for domestic manufacturing with easier compliances, decriminalisation of offences, and incentives for economies of scale.
Trade unions have flagged changes related to hire and fire, retrenchment, fixed-term employment, and curtailment of the right to strike.
The Code on Wages amalgamates four wages and payment related labour laws, defining wage, employee, and minimum wage to cover all employees irrespective of industry, sector, wage or gender.
A National Floor Wage will now be the baseline wage, to be followed by all states.
Wage includes basic pay, dearness allowance, and retaining allowance, forming the basis for calculation of benefits and social security contributions, with deductions not exceeding 50 per cent of total pay.
Overtime wage is fixed at at least twice the normal wage for any work beyond normal working hours.
Working hours will be between 8-12 hours/day, not exceeding 48 hours a week, with flexibility for less than six working days where hours shall not exceed 12 hours in a day including rest.
Time limits are set for wage payments, including within 7 days of the next month for monthly payments and within 2 days for resignation or termination.
Employers must issue electronic or physical wage slips to employees on or before payment of wages.
The Code on Social Security merges nine existing social security laws to cover both organised and unorganised sectors, legally defining gig and platform workers for the first time.
National registration and a social security fund for unorganised and gig workers is stipulated.
Aggregators for gig workers are to contribute 1-2 per cent of annual turnover for social security, capped at 5 per cent of the amount payable by the aggregator to gig workers.
Fixed-term employees will be at par with permanent workers and eligible for gratuity after 1 year of continuous service.
EPFO coverage extends to all establishments having 20 or more employees, and ESIC coverage is pan-India, mandatory even if a single person is engaged in hazardous occupation.
The Industrial Relations Code merges three industrial laws and defines a worker to include sales promotion employees, working journalists, and those employed in supervisory capacity drawing wages less than Rs 18,000.
It introduces fixed-term employment to facilitate hiring for shorter tenures, which trade unions have objected to.
The threshold for seeking prior government approval for layoff, retrenchment and closure in factories, mines and plantations is hiked to 300 workers from 100.
Conditions for a legal strike are extended to all industrial establishments, requiring notice within 60 days before striking or within 14 days of giving such notice.
The definition of strike has been amended to include mass casual leave by more than 50 per cent of the workers on a given day.
It introduces a ‘negotiating union or council’, where a trade union with 51 per cent membership of workers will be the ‘sole negotiating union’.
The OSH Code merges 13 central labour laws, aiming to streamline compliances via single registration, common licences and electronic filings.
The threshold for obtaining a factory licence is increased from 10 workers to 20 for manufacturing aided with power; from 20 to 40 for units without power.
Contract labour norms apply on contractors employing 50 workers, versus 20 workers earlier, and employers are given flexibility to employ contract labour even in core activities, subject to conditions.
It permits women to work in night shifts, before 6 am and beyond 7 pm, subject to their consent and provisions for safety.
Mandatory appointment letters are to be issued by employers to every employee.
Every employer is required to provide annual health examinations or tests free of cost to employees.
Safety committees will need to be constituted in factories employing 500 or more workers, employers employing 250 or more construction workers, and employers employing 100 or more mine workers.

Telangana's Draft Bill on Gig Workers: Objectives and Key Features (Mid of November) ▼

The state cabinet approved the draft Bill on the ‘Telangana Platform-Based Gig Workers (Registration, Social Security, and Welfare) Act, 2025'.
The move is aimed at giving Telangana a strategic edge by positioning it as a national leader in gig economy governance, expanding social protection for a rapidly growing segment of workers, and reinforcing the state's vision of inclusive digital era growth.
The proposed legislation seeks to strengthen labour relations, reduce disputes among platform workers, and encourage greater formalisation and data-driven policymaking.
If enacted, it will become India's first operational gig worker law.
Officials stated that Telangana's Bill is regarded as one of the most comprehensive and mature frameworks in India, combining registration, welfare, and algorithmic transparency.

MeitY Notifies Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, Begins Phased Rollout (Mid of November) ▼

MeitY notifies digital personal data protection Rules, 2025, beginning a phased rollout of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.
The framework sets clear rules for how companies, digital platforms, and government bodies must collect, store, process, and manage the personal data of individuals (“Data Principals”).
The operational rules specify a phased rollout: general duties, grievance redressal provisions, and other foundational obligations under Rules 1, 2, and 17‑21 are effective immediately; the registration and governance of Consent Managers under Rule 4 will be applicable one year from notification; and the detailed notice formats, security measures, processing conditions, data retention norms, and remaining operational rules under Rules 3, 5‑16, 22‑23 will apply in full after 18 months.
A significant addition through the new rules is the establishment of a formal framework for Consent Managers, who must be registered with the Data Protection Board and comply with governance, transparency, and security requirements.
The Rules also lay down standards for encryption, masking, tokenisation, access controls, activity logging, backup systems, and business-continuity planning, making these safeguards mandatory for all fiduciaries.
In the event of a data breach, fiduciaries must provide immediate intimation to the Board and deliver a fuller report within 72 hours while simultaneously informing affected users about the nature of the breach, potential harm, and mitigation steps.
The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act is India’s first full-scale privacy law, introducing explicit and affirmative consent for data processing and codifying a clear set of rights for individuals, including withdrawing consent, correcting or erasing data, and seeking timely grievance redressal.
The Act also requires mandatory breach notifications to both regulators and affected users and imposes steep penalties up to Rs 250 crore for violations.

Rohit Sharma becomes 4th Indian to 20,000 international runs

Key Updates:

Rohit Sharma became the fourth Indian cricketer to complete 20,000 runs in International cricket.
He reached the landmark during the third ODI against South Africa at Visakhapatnam.
India won the toss and put South Africa into bat first; South Africa were all out for 270 in 47.5 overs.
Quinton de Kock top-scored for South Africa with 106 off 89 balls.

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Sunil Narine becomes first cricketer to take 600 T20 wickets (Start of December) ▼

Sunil Narine became the first bowler to claim 600 wickets in competitive T20 cricket.
He achieved this milestone during a World ILT20 game for his franchise Abu Dhabi Knight Riders against Sharjah Warriorz.
Narine reached the landmark by claiming the wicket of Tom Abell.
Abu Dhabi Knight Riders presented Narine with a special edition jersey featuring the number 600 to commemorate his unprecedented feat.

Mohit Sharma announces retirement from all forms of cricket (Start of December) ▼

Veteran India pacer Mohit Sharma on Wednesday announced his retirement from all forms of cricket.
The 37-year-old pacer featured in 34 international appearances—26 ODIs and 8 T20Is.
He took 35 wickets in 26 ODIs and six wickets in 8 T20s.
Mohit was part of India's 2015 ODI World Cup squad.
He played more than a decade in the Indian Premier League, representing Chennai Super Kings, Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings), Delhi Capitals and Gujarat Titans.
In 2023, he finished as the second-highest wicket-taker of the season for Gujarat Titans.

Daryl Mitchell becomes first New Zealander since 1979 to top ICC ODI batting rankings (Mid of November) ▼

Daryl Mitchell overtook Rohit Sharma by one rating point to claim the ICC No.1 ODI batting ranking.
Mitchell’s match-winning 119 off 118 balls against the West Indies in Christchurch earned him the top spot.
Rohit Sharma’s first reign at No.1 lasted only 22 days before being displaced by Mitchell.
Abrar Ahmed reached a career-best ninth position in the ICC ODI bowling rankings after a three-wicket haul against Sri Lanka.
Temba Bavuma climbed to a career-best fifth position in ICC Men’s Test batting rankings following an unbeaten 55 in the Kolkata Test.

South Africa create history: First Test series win in India in 25 years (End of November) ▼

South Africa registered a massive 408-run victory over India in the second Test, securing a 2-0 series sweep.
Spinner Simon Harmer's exceptional 6-wicket haul dismantled India's batting for 140.
The defeat marked India’s heaviest loss in Test cricket by runs and gave South Africa their first series win in India in 25 years.
Chasing a daunting 549-run target, India were bowled out for just 140 on day five in Guwahati.
Ravindra Jadeja top-scoring with a gritty 54 off 87 balls.
Harmer, 36, finished with career-best figures of 6-37 and ended the match with nine wickets.
Left-arm pacer Marco Jansen, who had earlier scored a quickfire 93 and taken 6-48 in India’s first innings, was named player of the match.
Aiden Markram also starred, taking nine catches in the match — the most by a fielder in a single Test.
South Africa had set India a mammoth target after scoring 489 in the first innings and declaring at 260-5 in the second.
Senuran Muthusamy’s maiden Test century (109) in the first innings had laid the foundation for the visitors’ dominance.
This is South Africa’s second series win in India, the first coming under Hansie Cronje in 2000-01.
Temba Bavuma, maintaining his unbeaten streak as Test captain, led the team with composure and tactical brilliance.

Bodhi Day observed on December 8

Key Updates:

Bodhi Day is observed on December 8 to honour the day Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya.
The day is celebrated to honour the Buddha's journey toward awakening and the insights he gained along the way.
Many people meditate, read the teachings, practise loving-kindness, or reflect on their own path on this day.

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World Philosophy Day observed on third Thursday of November: promotes dialogue, critical thinking and global reflection (End of November) ▼

World Philosophy Day is observed every year on the third Thursday of November, and in 2025 it falls on November 20.
The day was first celebrated by the UN in 2002 and officially designated by the UNESCO General Conference in 2005.
The significance of the day is to encourage individual dialogues, public debates, discussing new ideas and intellectual curiosity, addressing social and global challenges.

World Philosophy Day 2025 observed on November 20 (End of November) ▼

World Philosophy Day is observed every year on the third Thursday of November.
The day was first celebrated by the United Nations (UN) in 2002.
In 2005, the UNESCO General Conference dedicated the day to promote critical thinking, dialogues and discussion around the world.

Naturopathy Day observed on 18 November: Theme 2025 - "Losing weight naturally through Naturopathy" (End of November) ▼

Naturopathy Day is observed in India every year on 18 November to promote a healthy lifestyle through the drugless, holistic system of medicine known as Naturopathy.
The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy), Government of India, officially declared this day in 2018 to raise awareness about natural healing practices and overall well-being.
The official theme for Naturopathy Day 2025 is "Losing weight naturally through Naturopathy".

International Day for Tolerance observed on November 16 annually (Mid of November) ▼

International Day for Tolerance is observed annually on November 16.
In 1995, UNESCO adopted the UNESCO Declaration of Principles on Tolerance.
The UN General Assembly (UNGA) invited UN member states to observe the International Day for Tolerance on November 16 the following year.
The International Day for Tolerance reminds the world to embrace diversity, reject discrimination, and promote peace, compassion, education, and peaceful coexistence for all.
To highlight the cause of peaceful coexistence and non-violence, the UN established in 1995, the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence.
This award is given to people who promote a spirit of non-violence and tolerance, in scientific, artistic, cultural and communication fields.
Madanjeet Singh, born in 1924, at Lahore, devoted his life to creating communal harmony and peace and was even made the UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.

National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) operational for secure real-time database access

Key Updates:

NATGRID is a platform for police and investigating agencies to securely access government and private databases in real time.
The platform receives around 45,000 requests a month.
Access is now available to Superintendent of Police (SP) rank officers, expanded from the earlier restriction to ten central agencies.
The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has asked States to use NATGRID to access datasets including driving license, Aadhaar registration, airline data, bank records, and social media account details.

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IIM Udaipur Partners to Strengthen India's Data, Monitoring, and AI Ecosystem (End of September) ▼

The Indian Institute of Management Udaipur (IIMU) has entered into a series of landmark collaborations with leading national institutions to advance India's data, monitoring, and artificial intelligence ecosystem.
IIM Udaipur signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with MoSPI's Data Informatics & Innovation Division to serve as a Knowledge Partner for the Data Innovation Lab.
IIM Udaipur, through its Centre for Development Policy and Management (CDPM), signed a Joint Statement of Intent (SOI) with NITI Aayog's DMEO.
IIM Udaipur has also become an empanelled member under Anusandhan Mitra in collaboration with Bhashini, the National Language Translation Mission.
The MoSPI collaboration will engage students, researchers, and faculty in solving real-world statistical challenges, fostering innovative solutions, and promoting knowledge exchange in data analytics and applied statistics.
The NITI Aayog partnership focuses on advancing India's monitoring and evaluation ecosystem by adapting global best practices to the Indian context, developing toolkits and curricula, and conducting training programs for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers.
The Bhashini initiative aims to advance AI and ML for Indian languages by creating regional hubs, strengthening datasets for under-represented languages, fostering research in speech and language technologies, and building skills among students and researchers to co-develop innovative language solutions with local communities.

Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya and DRDO sign MoU to co-develop smart technologies for national security (Mid of November) ▼

MoU signed between Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to jointly research advanced smart technologies for national security.
Research domains explicitly include "logistics management, operational logistics across tactical, operational and strategic levels, chip design, hardware security, and emerging encryption technologies including homomorphic and blockchain-based systems."
Collaboration will involve joint studies, seminars, conferences, workshops and capacity-building initiatives to boost capabilities of researchers and scientists in military sciences, logistics, and advanced technical research.
GSV already has established partnerships with the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Indian Navy for research and education in logistics and supply chain management.
Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya, established in 2022 under an Act of Parliament, is India’s first university dedicated to the transportation and logistics sector and functions under the Ministry of Railways.

India hosts 60th All India DGP–IGP Conference in Chhattisgarh from November 28 to 30 (End of November) ▼

The 60th All India DGP–IGP Conference will be hosted at the IIM campus in Naya Raipur from November 28 to 30.
The high-level internal security meet will be attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Home Minister Amit Shah and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval.
The core discussions remain policing modernisation, national security challenges, counter-terror strategies, community policing, forensic strengthening and action-taken reports from all states.
Dedicated sessions on security relations with China, Pakistan, radicalisation, and Left-Wing Extremism will also take place.
An advance team of the Special Protection Group (SPG) arrived in Raipur to take charge of ground-level security planning.
The IIM premises has been brought under 24x7 surveillance by IB and security agencies.
The conference belongs to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs.
This is the first time Chhattisgarh is hosting the national security DGP/ IGP conference.

India releases two landmark AI reports at 'Road to India AI Impact Summit 2026' (Mid of September) ▼

Two reports released: 'Roadmap for AI for Viksit Bharat – An Opportunity for Accelerated Economic Growth' and the 'NITI Frontier Tech Repository'
Released by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Railways/Electronics & IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery, and NITI Aayog CEO B.V.R. Subrahmanyam
Reports aim to guide policy, investments, and research to position India as a global leader in AI and emerging technologies
Event held in New Delhi and marks a step toward harnessing AI and frontier technologies for inclusive growth and economic transformation

USGS reports new Kilauea lava fountains up to 100 ft, all activity confined within Halema‘uma‘u crater

Key Updates:

Fresh lava fountains erupted from Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano on Saturday, US vulcanologists said.
Sustained lava fountains approximately 50–100 feet (15–30 meters) in height are currently erupting from the north vent.
All the eruptive activity is confined to Halema‘uma‘u crater within the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
Authorities are monitoring elevated volcanic gas levels and the potential spread of “Pele’s hair,” strands of volcanic glass often produced by lava fountaining activity.
Hot, glassy volcanic fragments can fall on the ground within 1–2 miles (1–3 kilometers) of the eruptive vents.

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Long-dormant Hayli Gubbi volcano erupts in northern Ethiopia (End of November) ▼

A satellite image shows ash rising from the eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia.
The Hayli Gubbi volcano in the Afar region of Ethiopia erupted for several hours on Sunday morning.
The eruption sent thick plumes of smoke up to 14km into the sky.
Ash clouds reached Yemen, Oman, India, and northern Pakistan according to the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre.
The nearby village of Afdera was covered in ash.
There were no casualties from the eruption.
The volcano erupted for the first time in 12,000 years.
The volcano sits within the Rift Valley, a zone of intense geological activity.

World Tsunami Awareness Day observed on November 5: Theme 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness' for 2025 (Start of November) ▼

World Tsunami Awareness Day is observed annually on November 5, following its establishment by the UN General Assembly in December 2015 through Resolution 70/203.
The day aims to raise global awareness of the tsunami hazard, promote risk-reduction measures, and build resilient coastal communities.
It was designated at the request of Japan, acknowledging that tsunamis are rare but potentially catastrophic events that threaten coastal communities globally.
The current theme is 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness.'
The first recorded tsunami occurred in 479 BC in Potidaea, Greece, following an earthquake.
At least 58 tsunamis occurred in the past 100 years, resulting in more than 260,000 deaths.
The catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami claimed approximately 230,000 lives, affecting 14 countries.
Around 80% of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean’s 'Ring of Fire' due to frequent undersea earthquakes.
Tsunamis can travel at up to 800 km/h across the open ocean and strike within minutes of the triggering event in nearby coastlines.
It is the deadliest natural disaster on average per event.
A Japanese folk tale 'Inamura-no-hi' (the burning of rice sheaves) inspired the selection of this date because the fire signalled an imminent tsunami and saved lives.
The day aligns closely with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30).
2015: First time proposed by Japan, a country with long experience in tsunami preparedness and disaster risk reduction.
2025: The theme calls for 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness' all across the vulnerable regions.

China building world’s first floating artificial island designed to withstand nuclear blasts (End of November) ▼

China is constructing what researchers say will be the world’s first mobile, floating artificial island built to survive a nuclear explosion.
The platform is a 78,000-tonne semi-submersible, described by Chinese scientists as a “far-sea floating mobile island”.
It is designed to support long-term deep-sea research and is expected to enter service in 2028.
The structure will accommodate up to 238 people for about four months without needing supplies.
The island measures 138 metres long and 85 metres wide, with a twin-hull structure that can operate in rough seas and withstand extremely strong typhoons.
Its nuclear-resistant structure uses a “sandwich” panel made from metamaterials, designed to turn a sudden shockwave into a slower, controlled compression.
The facility is listed as a national scientific infrastructure project under China’s 14th five-year plan, with specifications referring to a Chinese military standard for nuclear protection.

NASA Confirms Strongest Geomagnetic Storm of the Year (G5 Event) (Start of November) ▼

NASA confirmed Earth is experiencing its strongest geomagnetic storm of the year, identified as a G5 event.
The storm was caused by multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched in quick succession from the Sun, which merged into a massive solar plasma wave.
According to NASA and NOAA’s joint reports, the current geomagnetic storm reached a G5 level, the highest on the geomagnetic scale.
The event made auroras visible at lower latitudes than usual, including parts of northern Europe, Canada, the United States, the UK, Tasmania, and southern New Zealand.
Technological impacts included temporary communication dropouts for satellite operators and rerouted polar flights by airlines to avoid high radiation exposure.
NASA scientists stress that better forecasting models and improved space-weather monitoring are vital to protect modern infrastructure.
Experts warn that as the Sun approaches its peak in the current 11-year solar cycle, more eruptions are expected, potentially leading to stronger or more frequent geomagnetic storms.

Baba Adhav passes away at 95

Key Updates:

Veteran socialist leader Baba Adhav passed away at the age of 95.
He is survived by his wife Shilatai, sons Aseem and Amber, and grandchildren.
Dr Abhijit Vaidya, his consulting physician, stated he had multiple myeloma for five years and suffered from lung infection and kidney failure.
His mortal remains were kept at Hamal Bhavan Market Yard for public homage.
Autorickshaw and hawkers’ unions kept businesses closed as a mark of respect.
Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis remembered him for fighting for the rights of the deprived and unorganised sections.
Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar called him a symbol of selflessness and honesty in social work.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi noted his efforts to empower the marginalised and further labour welfare.
Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi described him as a strong pillar of social justice.
Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee president Harshwardhan Sapkal said the progressive movement of Maharashtra lost a major guide.

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Mahaparinirvan Diwas observed to honour Dr BR Ambedkar's legacy (Start of December) ▼

Mahaparinirvan Diwas is observed every year on December 6 to commemorate the death anniversary of Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.
Dr Ambedkar passed away on December 6, 1956.
President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President CP Radhakrishnan, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered tributes at Prerana Sthal on Parliament premises.
PM Modi recalled Ambedkar's visionary leadership and commitment to justice, equality and constitutionalism.
Maharashtra Governor Acharya Devvrat, Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde and Shiv Sena (UBT) leader Uddhav Thackeray paid tributes at Chaityabhoomi in Shivaji Park.

Sri Sri Ravi Shankar conferred with 2025 World Leader for Peace and Security Award (Start of November) ▼

Spiritual leader Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar has been honored with the 2025 World Leader for Peace and Security Award.
The award was conferred by the Boston Global Forum (BGF) and the AI World Society (AIWS).
He was recognized for his extensive contributions to peace-building and humanitarian service.
The award was established in 2015 to honour world leaders who promote moral courage, ethical governance and compassion in global affairs.
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar was recognised for his mediation and peace initiatives in conflict regions such as Colombia, Iraq, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Venezuela and Kashmir.
Through his organisation, The Art of Living Foundation, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar has led programmes in 180 countries.

Noted Hindi-Bhojpuri litterateur Ramdarash Mishra passes away (Start of November) ▼

Ramdarash Mishra, Padma Shri awardee, died in Delhi due to age-related ailments
Prime Minister Narendra Modi described his death as "a significant loss to Hindi and Bhojpuri literature"
Mishra, 101, was celebrated for his enduring literary works and influential voice

Telangana Government targets $1 trillion economy by 2034 and $3 trillion by 2047.

Key Updates:

Telangana contributes around 5% of India’s national GDP while accounting for just 2.9% of the population.
The state aims to raise its share of national GDP to 10% by 2047.
The government is drawing inspiration from development models of China, Japan, Germany, South Korea, and Singapore.

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India and Russia hold 23rd Annual Summit, unveil Economic Cooperation Programme (Start of December) ▼

The 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit was held at Hyderabad House in New Delhi.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin unveiled an ambitious Economic Cooperation Programme aimed at expanding bilateral trade and investment till 2030.
The two nations are pursuing an early conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Targets include $50 billion in mutual investments by 2025 and $100 billion in annual trade by 2030.
Russia is set to build India’s largest nuclear power plant at Kudankulam.
Russia assured India of uninterrupted fuel shipments for its growing economy.
Multiple agreements were signed across sectors including fertilisers, food safety, health, migration, maritime logistics, and energy.
India and Russia are working towards the early conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union.
Agreements were signed for a urea plant in Russia with URALCHEM, and MoUs in fertilisers, food safety, medical sciences, shipping, and consumer protection.
Collaboration in Arctic operations was stressed, with India training seafarers for polar waters.
India will introduce a free 30-day e-tourist visa and a 30-day group tourist visa for Russian citizens.
Russia agreed to join the International Big Cat Alliance.
India reiterated its position on the Ukraine conflict, stating it is 'not neutral' but 'stands for peace'.

Kerala's IT Draft Vision Targets $50 Billion Growth and 5 Lakh High-Value Jobs (End of October) ▼

The state is targeting $50 billion in economic value and to generate 5 lakh high-value employment opportunities by 2031, according to the draft vision document for information technology, electronics, semiconductor and emerging technology sectors.
The government has established four strategic missions — Kerala Artificial Intelligence Mission (K-AIM), Kerala Semiconductor Mission, Kerala Future Tech Mission and The Future Corporation to achieve the goal.
Under K-AIM, a Kerala AI Bill of Rights will be introduced by 2030 to ensure ethical and transparent use of artificial intelligence.
The document proposes to reduce govt software expenditure by 30% through increased adoption of free and open-source software and train 10 lakh people in AI and related technologies through ICT Academy.
Kerala aims to attract 120 Global Capability Centres (GCCs) across the state by 2031, establishing dedicated GCC parks within major IT and development corridors.
Kerala is also targeting to host 250 companies in the AVGC (Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming, and Comics) sector by 2029, securing 10% of the national export share, and achieving 100% online govt services, setting a new Kerala model in digital governance.
The document envisions attracting Rs 20,000 crore in startup investments, nurturing 20,000 startups and developing 30 million sq ft of new IT office spaces across Kerala.

Radhakrishnan Opens 30th CII Summit, Highlights Andhra’s Growth and India’s Rise (Mid of November) ▼

Vice-President of India Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan inaugurated the 30th Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Partnership Summit in Visakhapatnam.
The summit is co-hosted by CII, DPIIT under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
Shri Radhakrishnan declared that uplifting millions from poverty through sustained economic activity remains Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s most historic achievement.
India is now the world’s fourth-largest economy and the fastest-growing major economy.
Andhra Pradesh is fast becoming India’s industrial engine, supported by progressive infrastructure development, logistics efficiency, and investor confidence.
The summit theme is “Technology, Trust and Trade: Navigating the New Geoeconomic Order.”
The event features 45 dedicated business and policy sessions, 72 international speakers, delegates from 45 countries, and over 300 overseas participants.
India is the third-largest startup ecosystem in the world and aims to lead in clean technology exports, especially in green hydrogen, electric mobility, and renewable energy.
Visakhapatnam is predicted to emerge as a paradise for investment and innovation in the coming years.
India’s foreign policy approach is guided by Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam—the world is one family.

Andhra Pradesh Secures Over Rs 13 Lakh Crore Investment Commitments at CII Summit (Mid of November) ▼

Andhra Pradesh has seen over Rs 13 lakh crore investment commitments.
The summit has been instrumental in attracting over Rs 13 lakh crore worth of investment agreements, backed by nearly 640 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs).
The commitments are expected to generate approximately 16.3 lakh jobs across sectors.
Energy emerged as the largest investment category, accounting for Rs 5.3 lakh crore of the total commitments.
Reliance Industries announced plans for a 1 gigawatt (GW) Artificial Intelligence Data Centre alongside a 6 gigawatt peak (GWp) solar facility.
Alphabet, Google’s parent firm, plans to invest $15 billion in Andhra Pradesh to build a major AI data hub center in the state.
Adani Group announced an investment commitment of Rs 1 lakh crore over the next decade across renewable energy, ports, logistics and digital infrastructure.
The combined infrastructure initiative for Drone City in Kurnool and the Twin Space Cities in Sri Sathyasai and Tirupati carries a projected Rs 25,000 crore investment value.
The Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) finalised agreements to establish a 1,200 megawatt-hour (MWh) Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in Nandyal and a 50 megawatt (MW) hybrid solar plant.
The Raymond Group announced a Rs 1,201 crore expansion plan covering apparel production, automotive component manufacturing and aerospace engineering.
The state approved 12 new projects valued at Rs 2,320 crore as part of the Sri City industrial cluster expansion.

Anant Ambani receives Global Humanitarian Award for Animal Welfare

Key Updates:

Anant Ambani became the youngest and first Asian recipient of the Global Humanitarian Award for Animal Welfare presented by the Global Humane Society.
The award ceremony took place in Washington, DC, and recognized his leadership in creating Vantara, a large-scale conservation initiative.
Vantara received the Global Humane Certified distinction after an exhaustive audit evaluating animal nutrition, environmental quality, behavioural enrichment, medical protocols, staffing expertise, and species-specific needs.
Vantara combines ex situ care with in situ conservation support, including protecting endangered species, restoring fragmented populations, conducting genetic research, and collaborating with global institutions.
The initiative aims to create pathways for reintroducing endangered or extinct species back into suitable habitats and is positioned to deepen international collaborations and expand species survival and ecosystem restoration work.

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Project Cheetah Reintroduces Extinct Big Cat, Population Reaches 32 with 21 India-Born Cubs (Start of December) ▼

India launched Project Cheetah in 2022 to reintroduce cheetahs, the only large carnivore extinct in independent India since 1952, primarily through translocation from Africa.
As of December 2025, the country now supports a thriving population of 32 cheetahs, including 21 India-born cubs.
An India-born female Mukhi gave birth to five healthy cubs in November 2025.

Guwahati Municipal Corporation launches 'Sahajeevan' project for stray-dog vaccination and human-animal coexistence (Start of November) ▼

Initiative Name: 'Sahajeevan' project launched by Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC).
Objective: Relocate stray dogs from educational institutions, hospitals and public places to designated shelters after vaccination; promote human-animal coexistence.
Key Features: Step-wise vaccination drives, sterilisation campaigns and feeding arrangements; awareness campaigns in every ward to encourage compassionate behaviour toward animals.

Project Gaja-Lok: Unveiling the Cultural Majesty of Elephants (End of November) ▼

The culture ministry unveiled 'Project Gaja-Lok', a novel initiative celebrating the cultural and ecological significance of Asian elephants.
This program will feature an exhibition from November 19-25, hosted by INTACH.
A thematic exhibition marks the launch, showcasing ancient relics and artworks that depict elephants as icons of power and wisdom.
With a roundtable scheduled on November 20, experts will discuss human-elephant dynamics, ecological challenges, and transnational cooperation.

Camel International Award 2025 conferred on NRI businessman Younus Ahamed (Start of September) ▼

The Arabian World Records instituted the Camel International Award 2025.
Palakkad-born NRI businessman Younus Ahamed, executive director of Middle East Dotspace Coworking, received the honour.
Sheikh Matar Bin Huwaiden Al Ketbi, chairman of Sharjah Camel Racing Club, presented the award in Dubai.

Adani Group to build 48-MW AI green data centre in Telangana

Key Updates:

The Adani group is setting up a 48-megawatt green data center in Telangana with an investment of Rs 2,500 crores.
This facility will be at the forefront of cutting-edge AI, cloud technology, and high performance computing.
The group has so far invested nearly Rs 10,000 crores in the last three years in building state infrastructure and manufacturing facilities in Telangana.

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Digital Connexion JV to build 1 GW AI-ready data hub in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) (End of November) ▼

Digital Connexion, a Reliance-Brookfield-Digital Realty joint venture, will invest Rs 98,000 crore ($11 billion) to create a 1 GW data-centre cluster in Visakhapatnam by 2030.
The 400-acre campus will run on an integrated 6 GW solar plant with battery energy storage and use Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling for AI servers.
Water-cooled chillers, on-site water recycling and CPCB-compliant standby generators will meet environmental norms.

ACME Group and IHI Corporation Partner for India's Largest Green Ammonia Project in Odisha (Mid of September) ▼

ACME Group and Japan's IHI Corporation announced a joint venture to develop India's largest green ammonia project in Gopalpur, Odisha.
IHI Corporation acquired a 30% stake in ACME Clean Energy Private Limited as part of the joint venture partnership.
The project has secured the necessary land and successfully completed the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED).
The facility is planned to produce approximately 0.4 million tonnes of green ammonia annually upon completion.
The production of Green Ammonia will be delivered mainly to Japanese end users in the power and chemical sectors.
The project will help mitigate over 0.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year.
The plant is targeted for commissioning by 2029-30, with production earmarked for exports mainly to Japan.

TCS and TPG form joint venture for gigawatt-scale AI-ready data centres in India (End of November) ▼

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is joining forces with private equity group TPG in a multi-billion dollar joint venture.
The joint venture, named HyperVault AI Data Centre Ltd, aims to create gigawatt-scale, AI-ready data centres.
TCS will own a controlling 51% of HyperVault, and TPG will deploy Rs 8,820 crore ($1.1 billion) for a stake of up to 49%.
Both partners have agreed to cumulatively invest up to Rs 18,000 crore ($2.1 billion) as equity in HyperVault over the next few years.
The new data centre arm will operate as a colocation data centre provider, offering services to hyperscalers, Indian enterprises, government entities, and Tata companies.
TCS announced its plan to enter the data centre space with an aim of building up to 1.2 GW of capacity, entailing $6.5-7 billion in investments to be funded via debt and equity.
This is the first time that cash-rich TCS will be taking equity from a PE firm as well as external debt to fund a project.
The project will complete buildout in five to seven years and revenue could start kicking in over the next 18-24 months.
AZB & Partners, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas and Latham & Watkins LLP were the legal advisers, while Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India and Price Waterhouse & Co were tax advisers.

Telangana Establishes AI Innovation Hub (TAIH) to Become a Global AI Leader (Start of November) ▼

The Telangana Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hub (TAIH) has been established by the State Government.
The primary goal behind setting up TAIH is to ensure that by 2035, Telangana finds a place among the top 20 AI hubs in the world.
The hub will serve as a focal point for AI-based innovation, research, and collaboration across multiple sectors.
The Special Chief Secretary (IT), Commissioner of Mee Seva, and Joint Director of Emerging Technologies will serve as members of the Innovation Hub.
Telangana aims to achieve transformative results in public service delivery, healthcare, transportation, and education through AI-powered solutions.
Telangana successfully hosted the AI Global Summit in 2024, becoming the first State in the country to organize an event of such magnitude.
Strategic partnerships have been forged with premier academic and research institutions and global technology leaders including Google, Microsoft, Infosys, and Amazon.

Praggnanandhaa finishes joint-winner at London Chess Classic 2025 Open

Key Updates:

Praggnanandhaa earned 8.17 points from the London Chess Classic Open event in the FIDE Circuit Leaderboard.
He extended his lead at the top with a total of 115.17 points from his best seven events.
Praggnanandhaa, Ameet K Ghashi, and Velimir Ivić all finished unbeaten with 7.0 points from nine rounds.
The London Chess Classic Open was a 120-player, nine-round Swiss tournament with an average rating of 2581 Elo.

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Saikat Chakrabarti to challenge Nancy Pelosi in 2026 Democratic primary for California’s 11th Congressional District (Start of November) ▼

Saikat Chakrabarti, Harvard computer-science graduate and former chief of staff to Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, is running for Congress.
He founded the ‘Justice Democrats’ group that recruited progressive congressional candidates and helped engineer Ocasio-Cortez’s 2018 victory.
Chakrabarti launched his primary campaign against Nancy Pelosi in February, criticizing her for “not adapting to the changing political landscape” and lacking “the strength for the current fight.”

Harmanpreet Kaur appointed as International Brand Ambassador of Vedanta Pink City Half Marathon (VPCHM) 2025 (Start of December) ▼

Harmanpreet Kaur is Captain of the World Cup-winning Indian Women's Cricket Team.
Priya Agarwal Hebbar is Non-Executive Director of Vedanta Ltd and Chairperson of Hindustan Zinc Ltd.
Bablu Sisodiya won the 21 km Male Category of VPCHM.
Ujaala won the 21 km Female Category of VPCHM.
Pawan Kumar won the 10 km Male Category of VPCHM.
Saloni won the 10 km Female Category of VPCHM.
VPCHM is organised by AnyBody Can Run (ABCR).

Shantha Rangaswamy elected President of Indian Cricketers’ Association (End of October) ▼

Shantha Rangaswamy elected president of the Indian Cricketers’ Association (ICA)
Venkat Sundaram named secretary and Deepak Jain appointed treasurer of ICA
Sudha Shah and Shubhangi Kulkarni nominated as ICA representatives to BCCI Apex Council and IPL Governing Council
V Chamundeswara Nath (Chamundi) named male representative to BCCI Apex Council

Gujarati New Year 2025: Bestu Varas on 22 October, Vikram Samvat 2082 begins (End of October) ▼

Gujarati New Year 2025 will be celebrated on Wednesday, 22 October 2025, a day after Diwali.
The Pratipada Tithi begins at 5:54 PM on 21 October 2025 and ends at 8:16 PM on 22 October 2025.
This day marks the beginning of Vikram Samvat 2082 according to the Hindu Vikram Samvat calendar.

Army Service Corps Day celebrated on 265th anniversary

Key Updates:

Army Service Corps Day marks the 265th anniversary of the Army Service Corps (ASC).
The ASC was established in 1760 and is one of the oldest and largest logistic arms of the Indian Army.
The celebration took place at ASC Centre & College, Bengaluru, the Alma Mater of the Corps.
Lt Gen JK Gera, Commandant, ASC Centre & College, led the wreath-laying ceremony at the War Memorial.
A separate wreath-laying ceremony was held at the Animal Transport Memorial to honour animals and their handlers.
The motto of the Army Service Corps is 'Seva Asmakam Dharma'.

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Indian Armed Forces Flag Day observed on December 7 (Start of December) ▼

Indian Armed Forces Flag Day is observed annually on December 7.
The day was established on December 7, 1949, to pay nationwide tribute to the armed forces.
Citizens contribute voluntary donations to the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund (AFFDF) for war widows, disabled soldiers, and ex-servicemen.
Small flags in red, deep blue, and light blue signify support for the Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively.

India Celebrates BSF Raising Day Marking Border Security Force Foundation (Start of December) ▼

BSF Raising Day is celebrated every year on 1 December.
BSF Raising Day marks the foundation of the Border Security Force in 1965.
Border Security Force (BSF) is one of the world’s largest border-guarding forces.
BSF plays a role in border security, disaster relief, internal security and humanitarian operations.
BSF Raising Day honours the courage, sacrifice and duty of personnel guarding India’s borders.

Navy Day 2025 observed on December 4 (Start of December) ▼

Navy Day is observed every year on December 4.
The day honours the Indian Navy’s victory during Operation Trident on the night of 4 December 1971.
Operation Trident was led by Commodore Kasargod Pattana Shetty Gopal Rao.
The 2025 Naval Day Operation Demo was held at Shankhumukham Beach, Thiruvananthapuram, on 3 December.
President Droupadi Murmu attended the 2025 demo as chief guest, with Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi hosting the event.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee received Bharat Ratna (Start of December) ▼

Atal Bihari Vajpayee served three terms as Prime Minister.
He served a full term from 1999 to 2004.
He was born on 25 December 1924 in Gwalior.
December 25 is observed as Good Governance Day in India.
Vajpayee’s tenure introduced landmark programmes such as the Kisan Credit Card, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and National Rural Health initiatives.

India finishes second as China tops ISSF World Cup Final

Key Updates:

India secured six medals — its best-ever ISSF World Cup Final performance.
Simranpreet Kaur Brar won gold in the women’s 25m pistol.
Suruchi Phogat claimed gold in the women’s 10m air pistol.
Sainyam, Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar and Anish Bhanwala earned silver medals.
Samrat Rana took bronze in the men’s 10m air pistol.
Zorawar Singh Sandhu placed seventh in the men’s trap final.
China topped the medal tally with four gold and nine total medals.

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India finishes with nine golds at World Boxing Cup Finals (End of November) ▼

Indian boxers claimed medals in all 20 weight categories, finishing with nine gold, six silver and five bronze.
Seven women and two men delivered the golds for the host.
The host closed its World Boxing Cup Finals campaign on a high at the Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Indoor Stadium in Greater Noida on Thursday.
Minakshi (48kg) set the tone with another dominant show, outclassing three-time Asian Under-22 champion Farzona Fozilova 5-0.
Nikhat (51kg) produced a clear 5-0 victory over Worlds quarterfinalist Guo Yi Xuan.
Jaismine (57kg) edged Paris Olympics bronze medallist Wu Shih Yi 4-1.
Young Olympian Preeti Pawar delivered one of the wins of the day, upsetting Worlds medallist Sirine Charaabi 5-0 in the 54kg final.
Arundhati Choudhary (70kg) earned a hard-fought 5-0 win over Worlds bronze medallist Aziza Zokirova.
Nupur edged Oltinoy Sotimboeva 3-2 in a scrappy 80+kg final.
Parveen Hooda bt Ayaka Taguchi (Jpn) 3-2.
Former World youth champion Sachin Siwach (60kg) claimed a significant title with a 5-0 win over Worlds and Olympics medallist Munarbek Seiitbek Ullu.
Hitesh (70kg) added another gold with a tight 3-2 victory over Nurbek Mursal.

India finishes eighth in WorldSkills Asia Competition debut (Start of December) ▼

India bagged one silver, two bronze medals, and three medallions for excellence.
The competition was held in Chinese Taipei.
India participated with 23 competitors across 21 skill categories.
29 countries took part in the event.

India wins Women's World Cup; BCCI announces Rs 51 crore reward (Start of November) ▼

India wins Women’s World Cup.
BCCI announce Rs 51 crore cash reward boost for Harmanpreet Kaur’s team.
The Indian women’s cricket team ended a 47-year wait for their maiden ICC World Cup title in Navi Mumbai on Sunday.
BCCI has decided to reward the entire Indian team — players, coaches, selectors, and support staff — with a total of Rs 51 crore.
Ahead of the competition, ICC chairman Jay Shah had announced a prize money rise for teams at the Women’s World Cup, with the winners set to receive USD 4.48 million (approximately INR 42 crore).
India edged out South Africa by 52 runs in the final, setting up a 299-run target for the Proteas.
Shafali Verma first scored a superb 87 runs and then scalped two crucial wickets in the middle overs, dismissing Sune Luus and Marizanne Kapp.
Deepti Sharma capped off a successful tournament with a half-century and five wickets in the final.

Indian Oil Mumbai wins 42nd Indian Oil Servo Surjit Hockey Trophy (Start of November) ▼

Indian Oil Mumbai defeated Indian Railways Delhi 2-1 in the final.
The final was held at the Olympian Surjit Hockey Stadium in Jalandhar.
Indian Oil Mumbai scored both goals through penalty corners.
Indian Railways Delhi scored a field goal.
Indian Oil Mumbai received a cash prize of Rs. 5.51 lakh and the winner’s trophy.
Indian Railways Delhi received Rs. 2.50 lakh and the runner-up trophy.
Talwinder Singh of Indian Oil was named best player of the tournament.
Olympian Harmanpreet Singh of Punjab Police was declared best scorer and awarded Rs. 51,000.

Magnitude 7.5 quake strikes northern Japan, injures dozens

Key Updates:

The quake occurred at 23:15 local time at a depth of 50 km about 80 km off the coast of the Aomori region.
Tohoku Electric Power reported no irregularities at its Higashidori and Onagawa nuclear power plants.
Japanese authorities told the International Atomic Energy Agency no abnormalities were detected at the disabled Fukushima nuclear power station site.

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3.6 magnitude earthquake shakes Assam's Dima Hasao (Mid of November) ▼

A 3.6 magnitude earthquake struck Assam's Dima Hasao district on Wednesday afternoon at 12:40 pm IST.
The tremor originated at a depth of 30 km, with its epicenter recorded at latitude 25.19°N and longitude 92.92°E.
No damage or injuries have been reported so far.

India Places Entire Himalayan Arc in Newly Created Highest-Risk Zone VI on Revised Seismic Map (Start of December) ▼

India has released a major update to its national seismic zonation map under the revised Earthquake Design Code.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) released the revised map based on probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) methods incorporating data on active faults, maximum potential magnitudes, ground-shaking behaviour, tectonic regimes and underlying lithology.
61% of the country now falls under moderate to high hazard zones.
The entire Himalayan arc is placed in a newly created highest-risk Zone VI.
The updated design code requires secure anchoring of non-structural elements such as parapets, ceilings, tanks, façades and suspended fixtures if they account for more than 1% of a building’s weight.
Buildings near active faults must be designed to withstand severe pulse-like ground motions.
The code adds new norms covering liquefaction, soil flexibility and site-specific ground-response spectra.
Critical infrastructure including hospitals, schools, bridges, pipelines and major public buildings must remain functional after major earthquakes.

World Tsunami Awareness Day observed on November 5: Theme 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness' for 2025 (Start of November) ▼

World Tsunami Awareness Day is observed annually on November 5, following its establishment by the UN General Assembly in December 2015 through Resolution 70/203.
The day aims to raise global awareness of the tsunami hazard, promote risk-reduction measures, and build resilient coastal communities.
It was designated at the request of Japan, acknowledging that tsunamis are rare but potentially catastrophic events that threaten coastal communities globally.
The current theme is 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness.'
The first recorded tsunami occurred in 479 BC in Potidaea, Greece, following an earthquake.
At least 58 tsunamis occurred in the past 100 years, resulting in more than 260,000 deaths.
The catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami claimed approximately 230,000 lives, affecting 14 countries.
Around 80% of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean’s 'Ring of Fire' due to frequent undersea earthquakes.
Tsunamis can travel at up to 800 km/h across the open ocean and strike within minutes of the triggering event in nearby coastlines.
It is the deadliest natural disaster on average per event.
A Japanese folk tale 'Inamura-no-hi' (the burning of rice sheaves) inspired the selection of this date because the fire signalled an imminent tsunami and saved lives.
The day aligns closely with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30).
2015: First time proposed by Japan, a country with long experience in tsunami preparedness and disaster risk reduction.
2025: The theme calls for 'Be Tsunami Ready: Invest in Tsunami Preparedness' all across the vulnerable regions.

IMD issues cyclone alert over Bay of Bengal, heavy rain likely in Andaman (End of November) ▼

India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued alert due to cyclonic circulation over Bay of Bengal likely to intensify
Heavy to very heavy rainfall (07-20 cm) very likely at one or two places in Nicobar Island; heavy rainfall (07-11 cm) expected in Andaman Island
Squally weather with surface wind speed 35-45 kmph gusting to 55 kmph very likely over Andaman Sea
Local Cautionary Signal-3 issued at Port Blair Port; fishermen advised not to venture into Andaman Sea till November 23
Directorate of Shipping Services likely to reschedule or cancel inter-island vessels and harbour/ferry services at short notice for safety

Kalyan Chatterjee passes away at 81; Veteran Bengali actor

Key Updates:

Kalyan Chatterjee passed away at the age of 81 after battling typhoid and age-related ailments.
He made his acting debut in the 1968 film 'Apanjan' and appeared in over 400 films.
Chatterjee was known for portraying the everyday Bengali man and worked with directors like Satyajit Ray and Sujoy Ghosh.
His notable films include 'Pratidwandi', 'Kahaani', 'Dhanyee Meye', 'Dui Prithibi', 'Sabuj Dwiper Raja', and 'Baishe Srabon'.
He also acted in Hindi films and web series like 'Tansener Tanpura'.

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Lee Soon-jae, South Korea's 'TV dad', passed away at age 91. (End of November) ▼

Lee Soon-jae died on Tuesday at the age of 91, according to his agency.
He was known as the 'national TV dad' for roles in 'What on Earth is Love' and 'High Kick!'.
He won the grand prize at the KBS Drama Awards for 'Dog Knows Everything'.
He was the oldest South Korean actor to win the KBS Drama grand prize.
Lee appeared in about 140 TV shows and acted on stage until October 2024.
He served as a member of parliament for the Democratic Liberal Party from 1992 to 1996.

Celebrated Assamese singer Zubeen Garg passes away at 52 in Singapore (End of September) ▼

Celebrated Assamese singer and cultural icon Zubeen Garg has tragically passed away.
He was 52 and died following a scuba-diving accident in Singapore.
Garg gained nationwide fame with the haunting Bollywood track Ya Ali from the film Gangster (2006).
His versatility extended beyond playback singing — he was also a composer, actor, and philanthropist, actively involved in youth and social causes.
Zubeen had travelled to Singapore to participate in the North East Festival, where he was scheduled to perform.

Dharmendra dies at 89: The ‘macho’ hero who broke boundaries, gave India both Sholay and Satyakam (End of November) ▼

Veteran Bollywood actor Dharmendra passed away in Mumbai from age-related ailments.
The actor's last rites took place in the afternoon at the Pawan Hans crematorium in Mumbai’s Vile Parle.
Dharmendra had worked in over 300 films over his storied career.
He was hospitalised in October for a health check-up after complaining of breathlessness.
Earlier this year, he underwent an eye graft surgery (corneal transplantation).
Born Dharmendra Deol, he was born to a school teacher in the Sahnewal village of Ludhiana district, Punjab.
He made his debut in Hindi films in 1960 with Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere.
Phool Aur Patthar marked his first action role and earned him the title of the ‘He-Man of Bollywood’.
His role of Veeru in Sholay became his most famous.
He balanced Sholay with Satyakam and is also remembered for his comic turn in Chupke Chupke.
He was married to Prakash Kaur and later to Hema Malini, with whom he has two daughters, Esha and Ahana.
He is survived by sons Sunny, Bobby, daughters Ajeeta, Vijayta, Esha and Ahana, along with his first wife Prakash Kaur and second wife Hema Malini.
He set up his production house Vijayta Films in 1983 and launched his son Sunny Deol with Betaab.
He won a National Award for the film Ghayal under the category Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment.
In 2012, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan.
He contested from Bikaner in Rajasthan during the 2004 Lok Sabha elections and served the constituency till 2009.

Veteran actor Kamini Kaushal passes away at 98 (Mid of November) ▼

Kamini Kaushal dies at 98: Veteran actor’s career spanned from Neecha Nagar to Laal Singh Chaddha
Often called the oldest living actor of Hindi cinema, she passed away at home.
She made her debut with Chetan Anand’s 1946 film Neecha Nagar, which won the Palm d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival.
Her last appearance was in the Aamir Khan film Laal Singh Chaddha.
Born as Uma Sood, Kamini told SCREEN in 2017 that she was “bullied” into the world of cinema after she finished her graduation in English honours from Lahore.
Kamini married her brother-in-law since she had promised her dying sister that she would take care of her two daughters.
By the mid-60s, she transitioned to author-backed character parts that left a strong impact.

Assam Cabinet approves Assam History & Geography Compulsory Curriculum for Classes 6-8

Key Updates:

The Assam cabinet has approved the inclusion of the state’s history and geography as compulsory subjects for students of classes 6, 7, and 8.
Students will have to pass a 50-mark exam in each subject.
The curriculum will be introduced uniformly across the state for 'shaping young minds with the knowledge of Assam'.

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CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu declares Himachal Pradesh a ‘Fully Literate State’ (Start of September) ▼

Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, announced the state as a ‘Fully Literate State’.
He made the announcement on International Literacy Day at Puran Sakshar Himachal Samaroh and Ullaas Mela-2025 in Shimla.
He honoured officials, volunteers and contributors of the New India Literacy Programme ‘ULLAS’ during the event.
He stated that Himachal ranks first in the country for student-teacher ratio.

Mukhyamantri Bharat Darshan Yojana: Secondary School Students to Explore India (Start of December) ▼

The 'Mukhyamantri Bharat Darshan Yojana' is an initiative for students studying in state government-run secondary schools in Bihar.
The scheme aims to take these students on tours of India's important sites and research institutions.
State’s education minister Sunil Kumar directed officials to implement this scheme, which is expected to come into effect in the next few months.
Potential destinations include historical monuments like the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, Charminar of Hyderabad, and Agra Fort.
This new scheme for secondary school students expands upon the existing ‘Mukhyamantri Bihar Darshan Yojana’ for primary and middle school children touring within the state.

EC Orders 'Special Revision' of Assam Voter List: Key Features and Schedule (Mid of November) ▼

The Election Commission has ordered a 'Special Revision' of Assam's electoral rolls.
January 1, 2026, is the qualifying date for the revision exercise, with the final voter list scheduled for publication on February 10, 2026.
This focused update aims for accuracy and is designed to strengthen accuracy and address gaps in the list in a structured but moderate manner.
The process involves door-to-door verification by Booth Level Officers (BLOs) using pre-filled registers, with each household serving as the basic unit for confirming or correcting voter details.
The Special Revision is more extensive than a routine summary revision but not as demanding as a full Special Intensive Revision (SIR), which is a far more rigorous and exhaustive process.
Details of D-Voters (doubtful voters) will not be included in the BLO register, and their particulars will continue to be carried forward to the draft electoral roll without alteration, unless an order is received from a competent Foreigners' Tribunal or an appropriate court of law.

Assam Satra Preservation and Development Commission Bill to Protect Satra Lands (End of November) ▼

The Assam government tabled a bill to create the Assam Satra Preservation and Development Commission, a quasi-judicial body to preserve satras and regulate their lands.
The commission will have civil-court powers under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, and exclusive jurisdiction over matters it is empowered to determine.
An Assam Satra Preservation and Development Fund is established, with mandatory annual budgeting, audit by the Accountant General (Audit), Assam, and officials deployed on deputation.

China Customs records first-ever $1 trillion trade surplus for January-November period.

Key Updates:

China's November trade surplus hit $111.68 billion, the highest since June and up from $90.07 billion the previous month.
Exports to the United States dropped 29% year-on-year in November despite a tariff-truce agreement.
Exports to the European Union rose 14.8% year-on-year in November.
Exports to Australia surged 35.8% year-on-year in November.
Exports to Southeast Asia grew 8.2% year-on-year in November.
Overall Chinese exports grew 5.9% year-on-year in November, reversing October's 1.1% contraction.
Imports increased 1.9% year-on-year in November, below the 3.0% forecast.
The average U.S. tariff on Chinese goods stands at 47.5%.
China's rare-earth exports jumped 26.5% month-on-month in November.

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US-China Trade Truce in Seoul Leads to Suspension of Rare Earths Export Controls (Start of November) ▼

Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping agreed to a trade truce.
The agreement was reached at a meeting in Seoul.
China paused plans for a dramatic expansion of its rare-earths export controls.
Export controls announced on Oct. 9 will be suspended for one year.

India’s August Merchandise Trade Deficit Narrows to $26.49 bn: Exports Dip to $35.1 bn, Imports to $61.59 bn (Mid of September) ▼

India’s merchandise trade deficit narrowed to $26.49 billion in August from $27.35 billion in July.
Merchandise exports in August decreased to $35.1 billion from $37.24 billion in July.
Merchandise imports in August dipped to $61.59 billion from $64.59 billion in July.
Economists had expected the August trade deficit to be $25.13 billion, according to a Reuters poll.
The government estimated services exports in August at $34.06 billion and services imports at $17.45 billion.
The implied total goods and services trade deficit for August is $9.88 billion.
Exports to the U.S. fell to $6.86 billion in August from $8.01 billion in July.
The U.S. imposed an additional 25% tariff on Indian goods starting August 27, bringing total levies on Indian exports to 50%.

WTO World Trade Report 2025: AI Could Lift Global Trade 40% by 2040 (End of September) ▼

AI could boost the value of cross-border flows of goods and services by nearly 40 per cent by 2040.
Global trade is projected to rise by 34-37 per cent across different scenarios by 2040.
Global GDP could see a 12-13 per cent increase across different scenarios by 2040.
Global trade in AI-enabling goods totalled USD 2.3 trillion in 2023.
Low-income economies would see a modest 8 per cent real-income growth from AI without digital improvements, rising to 15 per cent if the digital divide is narrowed.
The number of quantitative restrictions on AI-related goods climbed from 130 in 2012 to nearly 500 in 2024.

WTO projects 40% AI-driven boost to global trade flows by 2040 (End of September) ▼

World Trade Organisation forecasts AI could raise cross-border goods and services flows by nearly 40% by 2040 through productivity gains
Global trade projected to rise 34-37% across scenarios based on policy and technological catch-up between income groups
Digitally deliverable services trade, including AI services, expected to record largest growth at 42%
Global trade in AI-enabling goods (raw materials, semiconductors, intermediate inputs) totalled $2.3 trillion in 2023
Number of quantitative restrictions on AI-related goods jumped from 130 in 2012 to almost 500 in 2024

Maharashtra bags Guinness World Record for fastest rollout of 45,911 off-grid solar pumps in 30 days

Key Updates:

Maharashtra installed 45,911 off-grid solar agricultural pumps in 30 consecutive days under PM-KUSUM and Magel Tyala Saur Krushi Pump Yojana.
Pump allocation is land-size based: 3 HP for holdings up to 2.5 acres, 5 HP for up to 5 acres, and 7 HP for larger farmland categories.
The state has adopted a policy to release new agricultural connections through off-grid solar pumps, shifting fully to solar-based solutions.
Every vendor is mandated to resolve farmer grievances within three days, failing which the matter escalates to MSEDCL for action.

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IWMI and SDC launch SoLAR Phase II to scale climate-resilient solar irrigation across South Asia and East Africa (Start of December) ▼

The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) launched SoLAR Phase II to expand climate-resilient solar irrigation across India, Bangladesh, Kenya and Ethiopia.
Studies under Gujarat’s Suryashakti Kisan Yojana found that grid-connected solar irrigation pumps did not increase groundwater extraction while delivering about 12.3 tCO2 offset per farmer per year.
IWMI trained more than 2,000 farmers, enabling a 23 per cent rise in net energy evacuation and an average additional income of Rs 14,000 per farmer.
Off-grid solar irrigation pilots reduced diesel dependence and strengthened livelihoods.
SolaReady, a spatial decision-support platform, was launched to map solar irrigation opportunities aligned with climate adaptation, mitigation and groundwater sustainability.

Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijlee Yojana (PMSG: MBY): Uttar Pradesh crosses 1 GW residential rooftop solar capacity (End of November) ▼

Uttar Pradesh becomes the third state after Gujarat and Maharashtra to surpass 1 GW of residential rooftop solar capacity under PMSG: MBY.
Central subsidy disbursed ₹1,999.26 crore and state subsidy about ₹600 crore to reduce consumer financial burden.
UP provides ₹15,000 per kW up to 2 kW and total subsidy of ₹1.08 lakh for 3 kW systems, including Centre’s share.
Subsidy payback period in UP is 20 months for 3 kW, lower than the national average of 30 months.
Beneficiary households receive up to 300 units of free electricity monthly, cutting monthly bills by ₹800-1,500 in rural and ₹1,500-2,500 in urban areas.
Scheme has created about 50,000 employment opportunities as registered vendors rose from 81 to 4,200.

ADB approves $460 million loan for agricultural solarisation and rural power infrastructure modernisation in Maharashtra (End of October) ▼

Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a USD 460 million results-based loan that aims to modernise rural power infrastructure, promote distributed renewable energy generation, and improve agricultural productivity by providing farmers with reliable daytime solar electricity for irrigation in Maharashtra.
An additional USD 40 million concessional loan from the Clean Technology Fund (CTF), administered by ADB, will complement the programme.
The programme will solarise agricultural feeders, upgrade rural distribution networks, deploy battery energy storage systems (BESS), and promote green jobs and entrepreneurship, particularly for women.
By 2028, the programme aims to provide daytime electricity to at least 9,00,000 agricultural consumers and reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by over 3 million tons.
The grid modernisation includes upgrading 180 distribution substations, installing 4,500 distribution transformers, developing 3,000 circuit kilometres of high-tension and 1,200 circuit kilometres of low-tension lines and deploying 500 MWh of distributed battery storage.
It will also digitise system operations through agriculture solarisation dashboards and modern monitoring solutions covering at least 2,500 substations, while advancing green skilling by training 5,000 individuals, including 1,500 women, and creating opportunities for green livelihoods and entrepreneurship.
The programme is expected to lower power purchase costs and distribution losses, reduce transformer failure rates by 25 per cent, and enhance the overall financial sustainability of the power sector.

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: IMD Mausam Bhawan 771 kWp Solar Power System (End of November) ▼

IMD has installed a 771 kWp solar power system across the Mausam Bhawan Complex comprising 1,315 solar panels through NBCC.
The initiative supports national goals under the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and contributes to India’s net-zero commitments.
Generated power is expected to exceed IMD’s consumption needs and can be fed back to the grid, enabling both environmental and economic gains.

Torrent Power Ltd (TPL) signs 10-year SPA with JERA Co. Inc. for 0.27 MMTPA LNG supply from 2027

Key Updates:

Torrent Power Ltd (TPL) has signed a long-term sale and purchase agreement (SPA) with JERA Co. Inc. for up to 0.27 MMTPA of LNG or four LNG cargoes annually for 10 years starting 2027.
The LNG will be used to operate TPL’s 2,730 MW combined cycle gas-based power plants (GBPPs) in India and to support Torrent Gas Ltd (TGL)’s city gas distribution needs.
TPL’s aggregate installed generation capacity is 4.96 GWp, including 2.73 GW gas-based, 1.87 GWp renewable, and 362 MW coal-based capacity.
Projects under development include 3.6 GWp renewable, 3 GW pumped storage, and 1.6 GW coal-based capacity, taking total generation and pumped storage capacity to 10.16 GWp and 3 GW respectively.
Torrent Power distributes nearly 31 billion units to over 4.21 million customers across Gujarat, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, suburban Mumbai, and Agra in Uttar Pradesh.

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Jio Financial Services and Allianz form 50:50 reinsurance JV 'Allianz Jio Reinsurance Ltd' with Rs 2.5 lakh initial capital (Mid of September) ▼

Allianz Jio Reinsurance Ltd (AJRL) is a 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) and Allianz of Germany.
AJRL will invest Rs 2.50 lakh towards initial subscription of 25,000 equity shares of face value Rs 10 each.
The incorporation follows receipt of a no-objection certificate from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).

Trump-Takaichi Tokyo Summit: US-Japan Critical Minerals & Rare Earths Supply Pact Signed (End of October) ▼

Event: Bilateral summit at Akasaka Palace, Tokyo, between U.S. President Donald Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi.
Agreement signed: "to assist both countries in achieving resilience and security of critical minerals and rare earths supply chains" and "jointly identify projects of interest to address gaps in supply chains for critical minerals and rare earths, including derivative products such as permanent magnets, batteries, catalysts, and optical materials."
Defence commitment: PM Takaichi pledged to "fast-track plans to increase defence spending to 2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP)."
Economic package: Japan expected to offer a "$550bn deal" covering "shipbuilding and increased purchases of US soya beans, natural gas and pick-up trucks."

India Signs First Long-Term US LPG Import Deal to Boost Energy Security (Mid of November) ▼

Indian public sector oil companies have signed a one-year deal to import liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from the United States.
The deal is for imports of around 2.2 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) of LPG for the contract year 2026.
This volume represents close to 10 per cent of India's annual LPG imports and will be sourced from the US Gulf Coast.
The purchase has been benchmarked to Mount Belvieu, a key pricing point for global LPG trade.
Teams from Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) held discussions with major American producers.
The Government of India absorbed a burden of over Rs 40,000 crore to shield consumers from international price shocks, ensuring Ujjwala consumers paid Rs 500-550 per cylinder against an actual cost of over Rs 1,100.

CIL and DVC Partner for Rs 21,000 Crore Thermal Power Project Expansion in Jharkhand (Start of November) ▼

State-owned CIL has entered into a partnership with Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) to expand a thermal power project in Jharkhand at an estimated cost of Rs 21,000 crore.
Under the joint venture agreement, the two companies will also explore possibilities of jointly undertaking other thermal power and renewable energy projects.
The upcoming coal-fired project at the existing site of DVC's Chandrapura TPS, Jharkhand, will comprise two ultra supercritical units of 800 MW each aggregating to a total installed capacity of 1,600 MW.
The estimated project cost is pegged at nearly Rs 21,000 crore and would be on a 50:50 equity sharing basis.
The plants are targeted to commence commercial operations by 2031-32, aligning with India's expanding energy demand.
Coal for these plants would be sourced from CIL's Jharkhand-based subsidiary, Central Coalfields Ltd.
CIL accounts for over 80 per cent of domestic coal production.

Semiophore Ltd. Joint Venture to Commercialize Indian Pheromone Technologies Globally

Key Updates:

ATGC Biotech Pvt. Ltd. (India) and Luxembourg Industries Ltd. (Israel) signed licensing agreements to establish Semiophore Ltd., a 50-50 Indo-Israeli partnership.
Semiophore Ltd. will manufacture and commercialize 18 Indian-developed pheromone-based crop protection technologies in Israel and export them to markets including Brazil and the United States.
The technologies are designed to reduce insecticide use by more than 80%, offering a low-toxicity alternative to chemical pesticides.

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India Achieves Historic Record of 357 Million Tonnes Foodgrain Production (Start of December) ▼

India produced 357 million tonnes of foodgrains.
India's foodgrain production increased by 100 million tonnes compared to 10 years ago.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the Natural Farming Exhibition in Coimbatore.
The South India Natural Farming Summit promotes sustainable, eco-friendly, and chemical-free agricultural practices.
The Summit focuses on regenerative farming as a climate-smart and economically sustainable model.
The Summit showcases innovations in organic inputs, agro-processing, eco-friendly packaging, and indigenous technologies.

India-Israel launch FTA negotiations in Tel Aviv (End of November) ▼

India and Israel signed Terms of Reference to begin Free Trade Agreement negotiations
Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and Israel’s Minister of Economy Nir Barkat co-chaired the India-Israel Business Summit themed 'Gateway to Growth' in Tel Aviv-Yafo
Proposed FTA plus the existing bilateral investment treaty aim to expand market access, capital flows, trade in goods and services, and remove business obstacles

India-Sri Lanka Hold First Joint Working Group Meet on Agriculture (Start of November) ▼

The first Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting on Agriculture between India and Sri Lanka was held.
The deliberations between the two sides focused on deepening collaboration across a wide spectrum of themes critical to sustainable agriculture and rural livelihoods.
The meeting marked a milestone in India-Sri Lanka relations by setting a framework for structured dialogue and collaboration in the agriculture and allied sectors.
The session was co-chaired by Dr. Devesh Chaturvedi , Secretary, Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) , Government of India, and Mr. D. P. Wickramasinghe , Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Land and Irrigation , Government of Sri Lanka.
Key themes for collaboration included: Farm mechanization and technology transfer, Seed sector development and genetic resource exchange, Promotion of organic and natural farming systems, Agri-entrepreneurship development, Soil health management and precision agriculture, Climate-resilient agriculture and drought-mitigation practices, Market access and trade facilitation for agri-products, and Agricultural education and skill development.
The JWG also explored frontier areas of cooperation such as: Digital agriculture platforms, Crop insurance schemes, Support for agri-startups and innovation hubs, and Development of rural value chains and supply chain infrastructure.
Both nations underscored the importance of joint research programs , scientific exchange , and capacity-building initiatives to promote innovation-led growth.
It was agreed that the JWG mechanism would convene regularly to monitor progress, share updates, and identify new areas of cooperation.

India-Israel Bilateral Investment Treaty Signed to Boost Trade and Investment (Start of September) ▼

India and Israel signed a bilateral investment agreement, making Israel the first OECD member to adopt India's new investment treaty model.
The agreement replaces the 1996 version, which was terminated in 2017 as part of India's policy on investment treaties.
The treaty is expected to boost investments by providing greater certainty and protection for investors, facilitating growth of trade and mutual investments.
The agreement includes provisions to safeguard investments against expropriation, ensure transparency, and enable smooth transfers and compensation for losses.
The treaty will help boost investment from both countries, estimated at $800 million.

India’s 2025 AI Leap: BharatGen Multimodal LLU, 34,000-GPU Compute Pool, and Ethical Governance

Key Updates:

India’s national compute capacity crossed 34,000 GPUs under the IndiaAI Mission.
BharatGen AI, the first multimodal large language model built to work across 22 Indian languages, was launched on June 2, 2025.
Over Rs. 10,300 crore was allocated to the IndiaAI Mission over five years for infrastructure, talent, safety, and data access.
Bhashini, India’s multilingual AI platform, signed an MoU with the Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to provide services in 22 languages at railway stations.

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India's Atomesus AI, a Hybrid System, Set to Launch Soon (Start of November) ▼

Atomesus AI, developed under the leadership of Indus Valley Group, is gearing up for its official launch.
The initiative is led by a group of passionate college innovators with research exposure to ISRO-linked projects.
The team has created a hybrid AI system that merges the precision of machine learning with the adaptability of contextual reasoning.
Atomesus AI has built a proprietary integration layer combining in-house development with select global AI systems.
Its mission is to become the world’s most affordable AI platform for everyone.
The founders envision launching a fully indigenous AI model, trained and deployed entirely in India using localized data.
Atomesus AI is part of Indus Valley Group, a conglomerate engaged in AI, space technology, Web3, and citizen-security.
All systems are compliant with global data-protection and ethical-AI standards.
The headquarters of Atomesus AI PVT LTD are in New Delhi, India.

Intellipaat partners with IndiaAI Mission to roll out nationwide AI literacy programme (Mid of November) ▼

Intellipaat has partnered with the IndiaAI Mission under MeitY to launch the 'YUVAi for ALL' programme aimed at making India AI-literate
The initiative will provide free training on Artificial Intelligence and Generative AI to students, teachers, and professionals
Participants will receive Government-recognized certification upon completion of the programme
The programme includes AI awareness workshops, GenAI tool demonstrations, community learning drives, and foundation AI literacy e-learning videos
The collaboration aligns with the Government's vision to empower 10 million citizens with essential AI skills by January 2026

IndiaAI and WHO Launch Global Call for AI Health Solutions for Casebook (End of October) ▼

The IndiaAI Mission (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) have announced a global call for abstracts.
The call highlights impactful and scalable applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health systems.
Shortlisted entries will be invited to contribute a chapter to the Casebook on AI Health Use Cases Across the Global South.
The Casebook, jointly developed by IndiaAI and WHO, is set to be launched at the India-AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi in February.
It will serve as a comprehensive reference for policymakers, innovators, and researchers seeking to replicate and scale successfully implemented AI solutions across the Global South.
Researchers, innovators, and institutions from across the Global South are invited to submit abstracts by 31st October 2025.
Selected contributors will submit full chapters, with the submission deadline for chapter entries set for 15th December.
Selected entries will have the opportunity to be showcased at the India-AI Impact Summit 2026.

IBM and AICTE establish National AI Lab at AICTE headquarters to upskill Indian talent (Start of November) ▼

IBM and AICTE collaborate to establish a state-of-the-art National AI Lab at AICTE Headquarters in New Delhi
The lab will serve as a national hub for AI research, skilling, and innovation, equipped with advanced computing infrastructure and AI software platforms
IBM SkillsBuild, offering over 1,000 free AI and technical courses, will be central to the initiative
The collaboration supports IBM’s global commitment to skill 30 million people by 2030, including 2 million in AI by 2026
The lab will provide training programs, in-person workshops, AI mentorship, project-based learning, and innovation challenges aligned with future skill needs in AI, cloud, and sustainability

UltraViolet Imaging Telescope on AstroSat completes decade of science operations

Key Updates:

The UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat, India’s first dedicated space observatory, has completed ten years of operations.
UVIT is India’s only ultraviolet space instrument and one of the few worldwide capable of far-UV observations apart from the Hubble Space Telescope.
In ten years the telescope has observed 1,451 targets and contributed to about 300 research papers and 19 doctoral theses.
Findings include hot compact companions to Be stars, blue stragglers in clusters, extended UV discs in dwarf galaxies, novae in Andromeda, UV emission from distant galaxies at redshift 1.42 and links between UV and X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei.
The telescope is built as a twin system: one unit studies the near-UV (200–300 nanometres) and visible bands, while the other captures the far-UV (130–180 nanometres).
The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) built and delivered the telescope from its Hosakote campus, designed to capture ultraviolet light that cannot be studied from the ground.
Development involved a national consortium including the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) in Pune, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai and multiple ISRO centres.
Improved image products are being uploaded to ISRO’s PRADAN archive and discussions point to a proposed successor mission, the Indian Spectroscopic and Imaging Space Telescope.

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Nasa-Isro Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Enters Science Operations Phase (End of November) ▼

NISAR is a joint Earth-observation mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
The 12-meter diameter antenna reflector, developed by NASA, has been successfully deployed and calibrated.
ISRO released the first S-band radar images, marking the commencement of the satellite’s science phase.
Initial S-band images captured the Godavari River Delta, demonstrating the satellite’s capability to map vegetation, agriculture, and aquaculture with precision.
The satellite was launched onboard GSLV-F16 and completed 100 days in orbit on the day of image release.

Unprecedented Brightening of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Reported (Start of November) ▼

Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS exhibited an unprecedented and rapid increase in brightness as it approached the Sun.
The finding is significant because the internal composition of 3I/ATLAS could suggest that the planetary system from which it originates has a unique chemical makeup.
The unusual event was detected by several space-based observatories, including the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), the GOES-19 meteorological satellite, and NASA’s twin spacecraft, STEREO-A and STEREO-B (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory).
Comet 3I/ATLAS is only the third known interstellar object to enter our solar system, following the elongated asteroid ‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov.
Karl Battams of the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, and Qicheng Zhang of the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona, reported the findings in a new paper published on the research repository arXiv.
The rapid brightening of 3I/ATLAS far exceeds the brightening rate of most Oort Cloud comets at similar radial distances.
Researchers have proposed multiple hypotheses for the anomaly, including the comet’s high velocity as it approaches the Sun, or intrinsic differences in its composition or structure compared to typical Oort Cloud comets.
Carbon dioxide sublimation seemed to dominate the comet’s activity even when it was just three times farther from the Sun than Earth, suggesting that cooling effects might have delayed water-ice sublimation.

Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) discovers India’s first raft spider, Dolomedes indicus, in Western Ghats streams

Key Updates:

Researchers identified Dolomedes indicus in the evergreen rainforests of the Western Ghats, specifically in Lakkidi and Periya areas of Wayanad district, Kerala.
Dolomedes indicus is an active, semi-aquatic predator that uses water surface tension to detect prey vibrations and captures insects or small fish with rapid movements.
The species can swim and dive; one female remained submerged for nearly an hour and a half, breathing via air trapped by hydrophobic body hairs.
Males exhibit a distinctive snow-white marking from face to back centre, while larger females display greenish-brown coloration for camouflage among mossy rocks and foliage.
Genetic and morphological analyses confirmed Dolomedes indicus as a new species, providing the first verified record of the Dolomedes genus in India.
Specimens have been permanently preserved and deposited in the Insect Collection of the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) for future study.
The spider thrives only in pristine, cool forest streams, making it a potential indicator species for monitoring freshwater ecosystem health.

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Wildlife Institute of India (WII) discovers 13 new bush frog species in Northeast India (Start of December) ▼

A comprehensive five-year study by scientists at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) led to the discovery of 13 new amphibian species across Northeast India.
The study was based on extensive sampling across 81 localities in eight states, including 25 protected areas.
Of the 13 new bush frog species, six were found in Arunachal Pradesh, three in Meghalaya and one each in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland and Manipur.
The study integrates acoustic, genetic and morphological analyses, and re-examines century-old museum specimens from the Indo-Burma region.
Bush frogs bypass the tadpole stage entirely: their eggs hatch directly into froglets, making them independent of standing water and reliant on humid forest microhabitats.

Scientists Discover New Trapdoor Spider Species in California's Coastal Dunes (Start of November) ▼

A new spider species, named Aptostichus ramirezae, was discovered.
This species is a type of trapdoor spider found hidden in California's coastal sand dunes.
The discovery was made by a team of scientists from UC Davis, with Jason Bond as the senior author of the study.
Scientists found that this new spider is genetically quite different from its closest relatives, even though they appear similar.
Female spiders of this species live very long lives, more than 15 years, spending their entire lives in underground burrows.
The natural habitat of Aptostichus ramirezae is rapidly being destroyed by rising sea levels, urbanisation, and wildfires, placing the species at risk of extinction.
The new species was named in honour of Martina Giselle Ramirez, Dean of the College of Science at California State University, Stanislaus.

Six New Odonate Species Discovered in Silent Valley National Park (End of October) ▼

Six new species of dragonflies and damselflies (odonates) were found in Silent Valley National Park.
The discovery occurred during an odonate survey held from October 10 to 12.
The survey was jointly held by Silent Valley National Park and the Society for Odonate Studies (SOS).
The newly recorded species include Long Legged Clubtail (Merogomphus longistigma), Fraser’s Torrent Hawk (Macromia irata), Dark Daggerhead (Macromidia donaldi), Blue-necked Reedtail (Protosticta mortoni), Wayanad Torrent Dart (Euphaea wayanadensis), and Black and Yellow Bambootail (Elattoneura tetrica).
With these new records, the total number of known odonate species in Silent Valley National Park has increased from 103 to 109.
Three Euphaea species (Euphaea dispar, E. fraseri, and E. wayanadensis) recorded during the survey are known indicators of freshwater quality.
Odonates are considered indicators of ecosystem health.

Six New Butterfly Species Discovered in Arunachal's Siang Valley, Brahmaputra's Biogeographic Role Noted (Start of November) ▼

Six new butterfly species were found in Arunachal's Siang Valley.
This is for the first time, the species have been documented in India.
The new species include Litin Onyx Horaga takanamii, Narrow-banded Royal Dacalana vui, Tibetan Duke Euthalia zhaxidunzhui, Tibetan Sergeant Athyma yui, Tibetan Junglequeen Stichophthalma neumogeni renqingduojiei, and Mountain Columbine Stiboges elodinia.
These species were earlier documented in Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and southeastern Tibet.
A team of conservationists believe that the river Brahmaputra played a critical biogeographic role in facilitating their faunal continuity.
The documentation was carried out by Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment ATREE and the Litin Community Conservation Society.
A paper on these findings was published in the latest issue of Entomon journal.

Bibha Chowdhuri highlighted as unsung hero of Indian physics

Key Updates:

Bibha Chowdhuri was a pioneering Indian physicist in cosmic ray research.
She published three consecutive papers in Nature alongside Debendra Mohan Bose.
Chowdhuri completed her PhD at the University of Manchester under Nobel laureate P. M. S. Blackett.
She became the first woman researcher at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in 1949.
Later she joined the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) at Ahmedabad and worked on the Kolar Gold Mine experiments.
Despite her contributions, she received no national awards or major scientific fellowships.

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C.V. Raman Jayanti celebrated on November 7: Birth anniversary of Nobel laureate who discovered the Raman Effect (Start of November) ▼

C.V. Raman Jayanti is celebrated every year on November 7, his birth anniversary, to inspire young minds to explore the wonders of science and innovation.
He was the first Asian and first non-white scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the discovery of the Raman Effect.
Raman founded the Raman Research Institute in Bengaluru in 1948, which continues to promote scientific research today.

IISc materials engineer wins Manohar Parrikar Yuva Scientist Award 2025 (Start of November) ▼

Award recipient: Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan, associate professor of materials engineering at IISc Bengaluru
Research focus: leads a computational materials science group at IISc
Award details: third edition of Manohar Parrikar Yuva Scientist Award 2025; carries Rs 5 lakh cash prize and citation
Selection process: chosen from 50 applicants; 10 shortlisted for interview; final selection by expert committee headed by Anil Kakodkar
Presentation venue: award to be conferred at Manohar Parrikar Vigyan Mahotsav in December

M S Swaminathan conferred Bharat Ratna 2024; biography "M S Swaminathan: The Man Who Fed India" released (Mid of September) ▼

M. S. Swaminathan awarded India’s highest civilian honour — the Bharat Ratna in 2024
Often hailed as the "Father of the Green Revolution," Swaminathan partnered with Nobel Laureate Norman Borlaug to engineer India’s Green Revolution
His work transformed India from a famine-threatened nation into one self-sufficient in food production

Ramanujan Junior Researchers programme to bring Indian PhD students to London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (End of October) ▼

Programme backed by India’s Department for Science and Technology (DST) and London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (LIMS)
Phase one selects Indian PhD students as Ramanujan Junior Visitors from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
Up to six JNCASR PhD students will spend several months conducting joint research at LIMS in the Royal Institution, Mayfair, London
Phase two will introduce Ramanujan Junior Fellowships for early-career Indian physicists and mathematicians from across India for three-year placements at LIMS
Programme inspired by the 1913 collaboration between Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan and British mathematician G H Hardy

Megaloblatta longipennis: Guinness World Records recognises world’s largest winged cockroach

Key Updates:

Guinness World Records lists Megaloblatta longipennis as the world’s largest winged cockroach.
A preserved female specimen measures 97 mm long and 45 mm wide with wingspan up to 20 cm.
The species is native to tropical forests of Peru, Ecuador and Panama.
Megaloblatta belongs to the family Ectobiidae within the order Blattodea.
Nymphs of Megaloblatta blaberoides produce a loud defensive sound by rubbing abdominal parts.

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World's largest Atlas Moth spotted in Karnataka's Karwar (Start of November) ▼

Species: Attacus atlas (Atlas Moth), recognised as the world's largest moth
Location discovered: Guddehalli in Karwar of Karnataka's Davangare district
Key feature: Wingspan around 24 cm; does not have a mouth or digestive system
Life cycle: Larvae feed on leaves to store energy; adult survives on stored energy for 14–18 days without eating
Reproduction: Male dies immediately after mating; female dies after laying eggs

Giant African Snail re-invades Florida despite repeated eradication campaigns (Mid of September) ▼

Species: Giant African Snail (Lissachatina fulica) – the world’s largest land snail
First US mainland detection: 1966 in Miami after a boy reportedly brought three snails from Hawaii
Latest Florida re-detection: June 2023 in Broward County, South Florida
Control method used by Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services: metaldehyde-based pesticide targeting slugs and snails
Public-health risk: snails carry rat-lungworm parasite (nematode) transmissible to humans via slime contact

New species of giant stick insect, Acrophylla alta, discovered in North Queensland (Mid of November) ▼

Researchers have discovered a new species of giant stick insect, Acrophylla alta.
The discovery was made in North Queensland's rainforests, specifically in the Tablelands region, at heights between 1,600 and 3,900 feet (500 to 1,200 metres) above sea level.
This large insect measures up to 16 inches (40 centimetres) long.
It might be the heaviest insect yet in Australia, with one studied insect weighing about 1.6 ounces (44 grams).
The discovery was shared in a study published in the journal Zootaxa.
Its size is thought to be an adaptation to the cool, high-altitude environment, following Bergmann’s rule.
Study co-author Angus Emmott from James Cook University in Australia was involved in the research.

India's All India Tiger Estimation: The World's Largest Wildlife Survey (Start of November) ▼

The All India Tiger Estimation (AITE) is widely recognised as the world’s largest wildlife survey, unmatched in both scale and precision.
It is conducted across more than 400,000 square kilometres of forests in over 20 states, mobilising an army of over 60,000 forest staff and field experts.
The survey blends satellite imagery, field surveys, and data analytics to create the most comprehensive picture of a single species ever attempted.
The methodology involves three phases: Phase 1 includes beat guards conducting carnivore sign surveys, prey counts, and vegetation/human pressure assessments; Phase 2 is handled by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun, using satellite images and remotely sensed information; and Phase 3 utilizes camera trapping in four square kilometre grids to identify individual tigers by their stripe patterns.
The 2022 cycle used more than 40,000 camera traps, earning India a Guinness World Record for the world’s largest camera trap wildlife survey.
Cubs are deliberately not counted in the estimation, as about fifty percent do not survive up to one year, and are only included as independent individuals after two to two-and-a-half years of age.
Extrapolation is used to estimate tiger numbers in similar but unsampled forests, combining Phase 1 sign and prey data with Phase 2 habitat models.

Tamil Nadu Toy Manufacturing Policy 2025 targets global market with dual focus on advanced manufacturing and traditional crafts

Key Updates:

The policy introduces targeted incentives for makers of experiential learning toys and products designed for children with special needs.
Investments above ₹50 crore with a minimum of 50 jobs will qualify for a special incentive package covering fixed capital subsidy, land concessions, stamp duty exemption, training support, quality certification assistance, IP creation subsidy and electricity tax relief.
MSMEs establishing toy units will receive capital subsidies up to ₹1.5 crore, payroll support, interest reimbursement and IP incentives under the MSME Policy 2021.
Creative design studios will receive a 30 per cent payroll subsidy for 12 months.
The policy will be valid for five years, implemented by the Industries Department, with SIPCOT as the nodal agency.

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Tamil Nadu secures GI tags for five products (Start of December) ▼

Tamil Nadu has added five new products to its Geographical Indication list, including Woraiyur cotton sarees, Ambasamudram wooden toys, Thooyamalli rice, Namakkal soapstone utensils, and Kavindapadi country sugar.
The initiative was led by the Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation (Poompuhar) and the Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board along with NGOs and weavers societies.
The GI recognition aims to protect the geographical uniqueness of these products and support the livelihoods of artisans and farmers.

India’s April-October 2025 exports up 4.84% YoY at US$ 491.80 billion; October trade deficit widens to US$ 21.80 billion (Mid of November) ▼

Cumulative exports (merchandise & services) April-October 2025: US$ 491.80 billion vs US$ 469.11 billion in April-October 2024, a 4.84% rise.
October 2025 total exports: Rs. 6,46,243 crore (US$ 72.89 billion), down 0.68% YoY; imports rose 14.87% to Rs. 8,39,610 crore (US$ 94.70 billion), yielding a trade deficit of Rs. 1,93,279 crore (US$ 21.80 billion).
October 2025 merchandise exports: Rs. 3,04,813 crore (US$ 34.38 billion); merchandise imports: Rs. 6,74,348 crore (US$ 76.06 billion).
October 2025 services exports estimated at Rs. 3,41,518 crore (US$ 38.52 billion), higher than the previous year.
Electronic goods exports October 2025 up 19.05% YoY; meat, dairy & poultry 30.87%; marine products 11.08%; cashew 126.85%; coffee 10.91%.
April-October 2025 merchandise exports: Rs. 22,54,181 crore (US$ 254.25 billion); services exports: Rs. 21,06,118 crore (US$ 237.55 billion).
Services exports growth April-October 2025: 9.75%.
April-October 2025 imports: Rs. 50,53,177 crore (US$ 569.95 billion), up 5.74% YoY.
Non-petroleum & non-gems & jewellery exports April-October 2025: Rs. 18,03,344 crore (US$ 203.40 billion).
Major export destinations with strong October 2025 growth: China, Spain, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania.

Committee Formed to Review RoDTEP and RoSCTL Export Tax Refund Schemes (End of October) ▼

The government has constituted a committee to review the rates of tax refund under the export schemes – Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) and Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL).
Both these schemes are set to expire by the end of this financial year, and the committee has been given time till March 31, 2026 to submit its main report.
The panel is headed by former secretary Neeraj Kumar Gupta, with SR Baruah and Vivek Ranjan as the other two members.
RoDTEP scheme was introduced in January 2021 as a replacement of Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS), covering exports of 10,642 products and providing refunds of taxes ranging from 0.3% to 4.3%.
RoSCTL was also introduced in 2021 for textiles and garment exporters, with a maximum rate of refund for apparel at 6.05% and for made-ups up to 8.2%.
The committee will work out the modalities for calculation of duties, taxes, levies and recommend the ceiling rates under RoSCTL and RoDTEP schemes for exports from domestic tariff areas, special economic zones, and advance authorisation holders.

Piyush Goyal Launches Six Initiatives to Boost Logistics and Trade Competitiveness (End of September) ▼

Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal launched six initiatives on the occasion of the decade-long celebrations of the Make in India initiative.
Report on Assessment of Logistics Cost in India: Aims to strengthen data-driven logistics planning as per the mandate of the National Logistics Policy (2022), establish a uniform framework for measuring logistics costs, and benchmark them against global practices.
As per the current assessment prepared by NCAER for DPIIT, logistics costs in India are estimated at about 7.97% of total GDP.
Industrial Park Rating System (IPRS) 3.0: Developed by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) with support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the initiative aims to further strengthen India’s industrial ecosystem and enhance the competitiveness of industrial infrastructure.
Logistics Data Bank (LDB) 2.0: The initiative aims to boost India’s digital trade and export competitiveness and introduces high-seas container tracking, allowing exporters to track containers even after departure from Indian ports across international waters.
Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) 2025: The initiative aims to benchmark logistics performance across States and Union Territories to support India’s vision of a globally competitive and future-ready logistics ecosystem.
Guidebook on Mapping of Harmonised System of Nomenclature (HSN) Codes: The guidebook allocates 12,167 HSN Codes across 31 Ministries and Departments and aims to enable targeted policymaking and support effective trade negotiations.
Integrated State and City Logistics Plans: The Government has initiated Integrated State and City Logistics Plans under the SMILE programme in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), beginning with eight cities across eight states.

Telangana Government renames city roads after global icons and corporations

Key Updates:

The state govt has decided to name several roads in the city after US President Donald Trump, Ratan Tata, Google, Microsoft, Wipro, among others.
The road along the United States consulate general in Hyderabad is set to be called ‘Donald Trump Avenue'.
The upcoming greenfield radial road connecting the ORR at Raviryal with the proposed RRR will be named after Ratan Tata, with the interchange at Raviryal already named ‘Tata Interchange'.
A prominent stretch will be named ‘Google Street' in recognition of the global impact and contribution of Google Maps and the corporation at large.
Proposals for a Wipro Junction and a Microsoft Road are also under consideration.

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Prime Minister’s Office new complex to be called 'Seva Teerth' (Start of December) ▼

The new complex housing the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) shall be called ‘Seva Teerth’ to reflect the spirit of service rather than ‘power’.
Earlier called ‘Executive Enclave’ under the Central Visa Redevelopment project, the complex is in the final stages of completion.
Seva Teerth will house the PMO, offices of the Cabinet secretariat, National Security Council Secretariat and India House.
Home ministry wrote to the states and Union territories to rename governor’s houses as ‘Lok Bhavan’ or ‘Lok Niwas’ instead of ‘Raj Bhavan’.

Russian President Vladimir Putin receives ceremonial welcome and Tri-Services Guard of Honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan (Start of December) ▼

Russian President Vladimir Putin was welcomed by President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the forecourt of the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Putin inspected the Guard of Honour following the ceremonial welcome, with the Russian and Indian national anthems being played.
The Russian President is on a two-day State visit to India at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Prime Minister Modi broke protocol to greet Putin on the tarmac at Palam Airport, sharing a car ride to the Prime Minister’s residence.
Putin was gifted a copy of the sacred Bhagwad Gita during his visit.
The 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit will be held between Putin and PM Modi during the visit.
Putin will attend an India-Russia business forum, launch the RT channel in India, and attend a banquet hosted by President Murmu.

Mohammed Azharuddin sworn in as cabinet minister in Telangana (Start of November) ▼

Mohammed Azharuddin, Telangana Congress working president and former cricketer, was sworn in as a minister.
His induction brings the total number of ministers to 16 in chief minister A Revanth Reddy-led cabinet.
He is the lone member from Muslim community in the Telangana state cabinet.
Governor Jishnu Dev Varma administered the oath of office and secrecy.
Azharuddin took the oath in the name of Allah in English and ended it by saying Jai Telangana and Jai Hind.

Sergio Gor Sworn-in as US Ambassador to India (Mid of November) ▼

Sergio Gor has been sworn in as the US Ambassador to India.
He previously served as the White House personnel director.
The US Senate had confirmed Gor in October to serve as the next United States ambassador to India.
In August, Trump had promoted Gor, Director of Presidential Personnel, to be the next US Ambassador to India and Special Envoy for South and Central Asian Affairs.
Gor began his political career working as a spokesman for Republican lawmakers and in 2013, he became communications director for Senator Rand Paul’s PAC, RANDPAC.

Rituraj Sinha Managing Director of Tata Steel Utilities and Infrastructure Services Limited (UISL) passed away at 58

Key Updates:

Rituraj Sinha was the Managing Director of Tata Steel Utilities and Infrastructure Services Limited (UISL).
He was pronounced dead on arrival at Tata Main Hospital.
Last rites will be held at Parvati Ghat.

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Simone Tata passes away at 95 (Start of December) ▼

Simone Tata, chairperson of Lakmé and founder of Trent Ltd, passed away at Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai.
She led Lakmé from the early 1980s and chaired Trent Ltd until 2006.
In 1996, Tata Group sold Lakmé to Hindustan Unilever and she used the proceeds to establish Westside under Trent.
She was the step-mother of Ratan Tata and last appeared in public at his funeral in October 2024.

Piyush Gupta appointed as Temasek Holdings India chairman (End of November) ▼

Piyush Gupta has been appointed as Temasek Holdings India chairman in an advisory capacity effective December 1, 2025.
He will work with Ravi Lambah, Temasek's head of India and strategic initiatives, to shape investment strategies and support portfolio companies.
Gupta previously served as Chief Executive Officer of DBS Group from 2009 until earlier this year.

Tata Trusts appoints Neville Tata and Bhaskar Bhat as Trustees (Mid of November) ▼

Neville Tata, son of chairman Noel Tata, has been inducted to the board of the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT).
He will serve for a term of three years.
Neville Tata is already on the board of the JRD Tata Trust, Tata Social Welfare Trust and RD Tata Trust.
He later went on to lead Zudio, the value fashion brand.
Bhaskar Bhat, a group veteran and former Titan managing director, has been inducted to the board of the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT).
He will serve for a term of three years.
Bhaskar Bhat is an IIT Madras and IIM Ahmedabad alumnus.
During his 17-year tenure as managing director, he steered Titan to expand beyond watches into eyewear, jewellery, fragrances, accessories and sarees (Taneira).

Veteran actor-singer Sulakshana Pandit passes away at 71 (Start of November) ▼

Sulakshana Pandit died due to cardiac arrest around 7 pm while being taken to Nanavati hospital.
She debuted in films with Uljhan in 1975 opposite Sanjeev Kumar and later worked with top stars like Rajesh Khanna, Shashi Kapoor and Vinod Khanna.
As a playback singer she sang hits including “Tu hi saagar tu hi kinara”, “Pardesiya tere desh mein”, “Bekrar dil tut gaya”, “Baandhi re kahe preet”, and “Somvaar ko hum mile”.

Sainik Tujhe Salaam Initiative to Honour Army Veterans and Veer Naris

Key Updates:

The Assam government launched 'Sainik Tujhe Salaam' to honour Armed Forces veterans above the age of 90, Veer Naris, and Veer Mothers.
The state is home to around 41,968 ex-servicemen and 10,361 Veer Naris.
The directorate of sainik welfare and 21 district sainik welfare offices support the veteran community year-round.

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Shramik Kalyan Divas: Cheques Presented for Excellence (End of November) ▼

Union minister Sarbananda Sonowal participated in the Shramik Kalyan Divas (Workers’ Welfare Day) at Chabua in Dibrugarh on November 22.
The event commemorated the birth anniversary of Santosh Kumar Topno, a prominent leader from the tea garden community from Assam.
During the event, Sonowal presented cheques to individuals and institutions that have demonstrated excellence across various sectors, including education, healthcare, welfare of tea garden workers, and infrastructure development in tea garden areas.

Brahmaputra's Warrior: How Lachit Borphukan turned Assam's rivers into a fortress against Mughals (End of November) ▼

Lachit Divas is observed annually on November 24th, honoring the legendary Ahom commander Lachit Borphukan.
Lachit Borphukan successfully halted the Mughal Empire's advance into the Northeast.
He is renowned for his extraordinary courage and naval brilliance.
Lachit Divas commemorates his pivotal role in the 1671 Battle of Saraighat, where he led the Ahom army to a decisive victory against a much larger Mughal force.
Lachit Borphukan, the son of Momai Tamuli Borbarua, revolutionized defensive strategy by transforming the Brahmaputra river into a battlefield advantage.
He deployed swift Ahom war boats, camouflaged river outposts, floating fortifications, and utilized local boatmen and clans skilled in hydrology.
Modern military scholars consider him one of the earliest practitioners of integrated riverine defence.
During the night fortification of the Brahmaputra, Lachit executed his maternal uncle for dereliction of duty, delaying construction of barricades and embankments.
At Saraighat, despite being weakened by illness, Lachit Borphukan rose from his sickbed to lead his troops when some Ahom commanders hesitated.
The Ahom navy surged forward, outmanoeuvring the Mughals with speed and intimate knowledge of the river’s changing currents.
Assam remained unconquered, being the only major region of India the Mughals could never annex.
Lachit Borphukan passed away shortly after the victory.
He is remembered as a beacon of leadership grounded in ethics, a strategist ahead of his time, and a patriot.
The Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal is awarded annually at the National Defence Academy.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches 'My Stamp' for Rezang La War Memorial (Mid of November) ▼

The makers of '120 Bahadur' launched a customised 'My Stamp' based on the Rezang La War Memorial.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the stamp in New Delhi.
The initiative celebrates the valour and spirit of the soldiers who laid down their lives at Rezang La, ahead of the 63rd anniversary of the historic battle.
The revered Rezang La War Memorial is situated in Chushul, Ladakh.
The memorial honours the soldiers who laid down their lives during the Battle of Rezang La in the 1962 India-China war.

Padma Shri awardee and environmentalist Saalumarada Thimmakka passes away (Mid of November) ▼

Padma Shri awardee and renowned environmentalist Saalumarada Thimmakka passed away at a private hospital in Bengaluru on Friday.
The 114-year-old had been unwell for some time and was undergoing treatment when she breathed her last, her family sources said.
Thimmakka earned the title Saalumarada after planting 385 banyan trees along a 4.5-km stretch between Hulikal and Kudur in Ramanagara district.
She began planting and nurturing the trees, treating them as her children to cope with the void of being childless.
Thimmakka received 12 major awards for her work, including the Padma Shri in 2019, the Nadoja Award from Hampi University in 2010, the National Citizen Award in 1995 and the Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award in 1997.

India dedicates 125 Border Roads Organisation projects to strengthen border infrastructure

Key Updates:

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh dedicated 125 newly completed projects of Border Roads Organisation (BRO) to the nation from Leh.
The projects — built at a cost of Rs 5,000 crore — comprise 28 roads, 93 bridges and four miscellaneous structures across Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, West Bengal and Mizoram.
The event marked the largest single-day and highest-value inauguration in BRO history.
The 920-metre Shyok Tunnel on the Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldi Road in Ladakh is highlighted as an engineering marvel providing all-weather connectivity to a critical military terrain.
Singh stated: "These infrastructure projects are the nation's tribute to those heroes who laid down their lives in the service of the nation."
He emphasised: "Enhanced road networks, real-time communication systems and satellite-based surveillance are now allowing Indian soldiers to operate with greater speed and precision in forward areas."
The defence minister noted that stronger border connectivity stabilises local economies, enhances disaster response and strengthens people’s faith in governance in remote regions.

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MoRTH targets awarding 10,000 km of NH projects in FY 2026 (Mid of November) ▼

Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
Objective: Award 10,000 km of National Highway projects in FY 2026, up from 6,000 km awarded in FY 2025
Key procedural reform: 90% land acquisition must be completed before awarding projects under BOT/HAM modes, mirroring EPC requirement
Financial outlay: MoRTH received ₹2,87,333 crore in Union Budget 2025-26, with ₹2.72 lakh crore as capital expenditure

UK-India Infrastructure Finance Bridge Marks One-Year, Issues Report with Key Recommendations (Mid of September) ▼

The UK-India Infrastructure Finance Bridge (UKIIFB) marked its one-year milestone in London.
The UKIIFB is co-chaired by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and City of London Corporation.
A new report from the UKIIFB highlights the need for clarity, confidence, and consistency to align Indian projects with international investor priorities.
The report states that India must adopt an investor-centric approach to unlock global funding for its growing sustainable infrastructure targets.
India's target of an estimated USD 4.5 trillion investment in infrastructure by 2030 cannot be met through domestic investment alone.
Key proposals for the second year include adopting an 'investor-centric approach,' aligning with global standards, enhancing transparency and risk management, and fostering a robust ecosystem.
The UKIIFB was agreed as part of the UK Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) and operationalised with a steering committee.

PM Modi to Inaugurate Rs 9,700-crore Tribal Welfare Projects in Gujarat on Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (Mid of November) ▼

Projects include Grih Pravesh for one lakh houses under PM-JANMAN and DA-JAGUA
42 new Eklavya Model Residential Schools to be inaugurated
250 buses for 14 tribal districts and 748 km of roads to be launched for improved connectivity
14 Tribal Multi-Marketing Centres to be established for tribal produce marketing

PM Modi Unveils Over Rs 8,000 Crore Development Projects and Initiatives in Uttarakhand (Mid of November) ▼

Prime Minister Modi inaugurated development projects worth over Rs 8,140 crore.
These initiatives target core areas such as drinking water, irrigation, technical education, energy, urban development, sports, and skill development.
The Prime Minister also released a support amount of Rs 62 crore under the PM Fasal Bima Yojana, transferred directly into the bank accounts of more than 28,000 farmers.
Projects inaugurated include the Dehradun water supply coverage for 23 zones under the AMRUT scheme, an electrical substation in Pithoragarh district, solar power plants on government buildings, and the AstroTurf Hockey Ground at Haldwani Stadium in Nainital.
Foundation stones were laid for projects such as the Song Dam Drinking Water Project, which will supply 150 million litres per day (MLD) of drinking water to Dehradun, and the Jamarani Dam Multipurpose Project in Nainital, designed to provide drinking water, support irrigation activities and generate electricity.

Odisha hosts Global Energy Leaders’ Summit 2025 to advance India’s renewable energy transition

Key Updates:

Odisha is hosting the Global Energy Leaders’ Summit (GELS) 2025 at Puri from 5 to 7 December.
GELS 2025 is positioned as a cooperative federalism platform for states to share replicable clean-energy innovations.
Odisha’s Vision 2047 targets at least 33% of the state’s power from renewables by 2036, rising to 50% by 2047.
The summit focuses on execution-oriented themes such as grid management, energy storage, financing mechanisms and demand-side models.

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Odisha to Host India’s Energy COP: Global Energy Leaders’ Summit (GELS) 2025 in Puri from December 5 to 7 (Start of December) ▼

The Global Energy Leaders’ Summit (GELS) 2025 is set to convene in Puri, Odisha, from December 5 to 7.
Positioned as 'a COP for India’s energy sector,' the Summit will bring together policymakers, international experts, and industry leaders.
The summit’s theme is “Powering India: Sufficiency, Balance, Innovation”.
GELS 2025 aims to create a structured platform for meaningful engagement among the Union Government, nearly 15 States, and over 30 national and international energy experts.
The Summit is organised with the Tony Blair Institute and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, aligned with India’s Net Zero 2070 vision.
Key participants include Deputy Chief Minister Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo, Principal secretary (energy) Vishal Kumar Dev, NITI Aayog Chief Executive Officer (CEO) B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, Union energy minister Pralhad Joshi, and Chief Ministers from Himachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi will inaugurate the Summit on December 6.

1 Bio: First Bioprocess Design Hub to Boost Biologics Innovation (End of November) ▼

1 Bio has been established by the Telangana government through Telangana Lifesciences and Telangana Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TGIIC) in partnership with the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
The public-private partnership project saw the Telangana government facilitate an investment of Rs 150 crore in infrastructure, while Thermo Fisher Scientific contributed Rs 90 crore for the bioprocess design centre and its co-located customer experience centre.
The 1 Bio hub is expected to attract another Rs 500 crore in private investment from its tenant companies and generate over 500 highly skilled jobs.
These facilities will provide end-to-end process development and pilot scale validation, enabling startups and established companies to cut down on capital investment and accelerate development.

Centre Releases XV Finance Commission Grants for Rural Local Bodies in Gujarat and Haryana (End of October) ▼

The Union Government has released over ₹730 crores under the Fifteenth Finance Commission XV FC grants for strengthening Rural Local Bodies RLBs in Gujarat and Haryana.
The grants aim to empower grassroots governance and improve rural infrastructure.
The grants are disbursed by the Ministry of Finance in two installments each financial year, with recommendations from the Ministry of Jal Shakti and the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
The grants include 'Untied Grants' which empower local bodies to address location-specific needs under the 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution, excluding expenditure on salaries and establishment costs.
The grants also include 'Tied Grants' which are directed towards core services such as sanitation (including maintenance of Open Defecation Free ODF status, solid and liquid waste management, and fecal sludge management) and drinking water supply, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling.
For Gujarat, the second installment of Untied Grants for FY 2024–25, amounting to ₹522.20 crores, has been released, along with ₹13.60 crores from the withheld portion of the first installment for FY 2024–25.
For Haryana, the first installment of Untied Grants for FY 2025–26, amounting to ₹195.13 crores, has been sanctioned.

India-WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025: Ambassadors’ Reception Held in New Delhi (Mid of November) ▼

Event: 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine (17–19 December 2025, New Delhi) jointly hosted by Ministry of Ayush and WHO.
Participants: Over 100 countries expected; reception attended by ambassadors/high commissioners and Indian/WHO dignitaries including Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Ambassador Sibi George, Dr. Poonam Khetrapal, Dr. Shyama Kuruvilla.
Key framework: Summit aligned to WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034 and anchored by WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre (GTMC), Jamnagar.
Theme: “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Wellbeing” to advance evidence-based, integrative traditional medicine.

Special Intensive Revision (SIR) achieves 100% digitisation of Rajasthan voter rolls

Key Updates:

Rajasthan completed 100 per cent digitisation of its electoral roll under the Special Intensive Revision (SIR), becoming the first state in the country to do so.
Rajasthan now leads the country in voter mapping with more than 97 per cent of the mapping work completed.
Only 3 per cent of voters will need to furnish documents during the claims-objections phase.

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Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls digitisation drive (End of November) ▼

The Election Commission of India reported that more than 47% of the enumeration forms distributed across 12 States and Union Territories have been digitised.
Goa achieved the highest digitisation at 76.89% followed by Rajasthan at 72.20%.
Kerala and Uttar Pradesh recorded the lowest digitisation at 23% and 26.6% respectively.
The enumeration phase began on November 4 and will end on December 4, with the draft list to be published on December 9.

Supreme Court Directs Election Commission to Accept Aadhaar as Voter ID Proof (Mid of September) ▼

The Supreme Court has directed the Election Commission to accept Aadhaar cards as a valid proof of identity for voter list inclusion in Bihar, adding it as the 12th accepted document.
Aadhaar cards shall be accepted as proof of identity of a person for filing applications for inclusion/exclusion of names from the voter list.
It shall be treated as the 12th document (under SIR).
Aadhaar will not be considered a proof of citizenship.

EC Orders 'Special Revision' of Assam Voter List: Key Features and Schedule (Mid of November) ▼

The Election Commission has ordered a 'Special Revision' of Assam's electoral rolls.
January 1, 2026, is the qualifying date for the revision exercise, with the final voter list scheduled for publication on February 10, 2026.
This focused update aims for accuracy and is designed to strengthen accuracy and address gaps in the list in a structured but moderate manner.
The process involves door-to-door verification by Booth Level Officers (BLOs) using pre-filled registers, with each household serving as the basic unit for confirming or correcting voter details.
The Special Revision is more extensive than a routine summary revision but not as demanding as a full Special Intensive Revision (SIR), which is a far more rigorous and exhaustive process.
Details of D-Voters (doubtful voters) will not be included in the BLO register, and their particulars will continue to be carried forward to the draft electoral roll without alteration, unless an order is received from a competent Foreigners' Tribunal or an appropriate court of law.

India's First Fully Digital Census 2027: Key Features and Implementation (Start of September) ▼

The upcoming Census in 2027 will be the country’s first fully digital Census, conducted by nearly 34 lakh enumerators.
Enumerators will use their own smartphones and dedicated mobile applications to collect data and transfer it to a central server.
The mobile applications, initially developed for the 2021 Census, are being redeveloped and recalibrated for Android and iOS, available in English and regional languages.
For the first time, Census data will be digitized at the enumerator level itself, and citizens will have the option to self-enumerate through a web portal.
The Census will be conducted in two phases: houselisting (April to September 2026) and population enumeration (February 2027, with specific regions in September 2026).
During houselisting, details on housing conditions, household amenities, and assets will be collected, and castes of household members will be enumerated.
The Registrar General of India (RGI), under the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, is implementing the Census and has sought a Rs 14,618.95-crore budget.
Census 2027 will include geo-tagging of all buildings (residential and non-residential) using Digital Layout Mapping (DLM) during houselisting operations.

Patanjali Group signs MoU with Russian government to promote Ayurveda and wellness

Key Updates:

Patanjali Group signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Russian government to facilitate its entry into Russia.
The MoU aims to promote health and wellness, health tourism, exchange of skilled human resources, and research-related initiatives.
Ramdev stated that the first major objective of this MoU is to expand Patanjali's wellness services in Russia.
Sergey Cheremin said they aim to transform the lifestyle of the people of Russia by adopting Patanjali's yoga, Ayurveda, and naturopathy.

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Uralchem JSC signs MoU with Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited, National Fertilizers Limited, and Indian Potash Limited to build major urea plant in Russia (Start of December) ▼

Uralchem JSC has signed a memorandum of understanding with Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (RCF), National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), and Indian Potash Limited (IPL) to establish a joint venture for constructing a urea plant in Russia.
The planned urea plant is expected to have an annual production capacity of 1.8 to 2 million tonnes.
The joint venture will be based on the supply of ammonia produced by Togliattiazot JSC, with the Indian companies providing financing for the project until its commercial operation begins.
The signing ceremony took place in New Delhi, India.
Uralchem Group’s key assets include Uralchem JSC, Uralkali PJSC, and TOAZ JSC, all based in Russia, with a combined production capacity of around 25 million tonnes.

3rd International Ayurveda Conference held in Brazil, marks 40 years of Ayurveda (Mid of November) ▼

The 3rd International Ayurveda Conference was jointly organized by the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre (SVCC) and Conayur, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The two-day event was held from November 14-15, 2025, under the aegis of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).
The conference commemorated 40 years of Ayurveda in Brazil and brought together experts, practitioners, scholars, and students from across Latin America and India.
The deliberations centered on the theme 'Diversity and Inclusion in Ayurveda: Caring for Everybody and Every Being'.
Organizers announced that Ayurveda has now been included in the Brazilian Classification of Occupations, marking a historic recognition for the system.
Ambassador of India to Brazil, Dinesh Bhatia, highlighted the growing collaboration between India and Brazil in traditional systems of healthcare.

India and Russia hold 23rd Annual Summit, unveil Economic Cooperation Programme (Start of December) ▼

The 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit was held at Hyderabad House in New Delhi.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin unveiled an ambitious Economic Cooperation Programme aimed at expanding bilateral trade and investment till 2030.
The two nations are pursuing an early conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Targets include $50 billion in mutual investments by 2025 and $100 billion in annual trade by 2030.
Russia is set to build India’s largest nuclear power plant at Kudankulam.
Russia assured India of uninterrupted fuel shipments for its growing economy.
Multiple agreements were signed across sectors including fertilisers, food safety, health, migration, maritime logistics, and energy.
India and Russia are working towards the early conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union.
Agreements were signed for a urea plant in Russia with URALCHEM, and MoUs in fertilisers, food safety, medical sciences, shipping, and consumer protection.
Collaboration in Arctic operations was stressed, with India training seafarers for polar waters.
India will introduce a free 30-day e-tourist visa and a 30-day group tourist visa for Russian citizens.
Russia agreed to join the International Big Cat Alliance.
India reiterated its position on the Ukraine conflict, stating it is 'not neutral' but 'stands for peace'.

India and Russia target $100 billion bilateral trade by 2030 (Mid of November) ▼

India and Russia aim to raise bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030.
India urged Russia to expedite the approval of domestic establishments and registration of marine and pharmaceutical products.
Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal attended the 26th Meeting of the India-Russia Working Group on Trade and Economic Cooperation in Moscow.
A comprehensive protocol for trade and economic collaboration across various sectors was finalised and signed.
Potential areas for trade expansion identified include engineering goods, chemicals and plastics, electronics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, leather, and textiles.
India showcased its Global Capability Centre (GCC) ecosystem as a platform for Russian firms.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cuts repo rate by 25 bps to 5.25% and projects FY26 inflation at 2%.

Key Updates:

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Sanjay Malhotra announces a 25 basis points reduction in the repo rate to 5.25%.
The standing deposit facility rate now stands at 5.0%, and the marginal standing facility and bank rate at 5.5%.
RBI retains the neutral policy stance with future moves dependent on inflation trajectory, growth, and global risks.
RBI projects CPI inflation for FY26 at 2%, with Q3 at 0.6% and Q4 at 2.9%.
RBI revises FY26 real GDP growth forecast upward to 7.3%, with Q3 at 7% and Q4 at 6.5%.
RBI announces ₹1 lakh crore in OMO purchases and a $5 billion dollar-rupee swap in December to augment liquidity.
India’s forex reserves stand at USD 686 billion, providing more than 11 months of import cover.
The 10-year bond yield drops nearly 5 basis points to 6.4581% post-policy announcement.
RBI launches a two-month nationwide customer grievance redressal campaign starting January 1, 2026, to clear pending Ombudsman grievances.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cuts repo rate by 25 basis points (Start of December) ▼

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) sliced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25 per cent on December 5.
The cumulative reduction in the repo rate this calendar year is 125-basis-point.
The rupee breached the 90-mark against the US dollar, hitting a record low.
Domestic inflation remains historically benign, with CPI inflation at 0.25 per cent in October 2025.
The policy announced Rs 1 trillion in Open Market Operations (OMO) and a $5 billion FX swap.
The 10-year bond yields are expected to move toward the 6.8 to 7 per cent range.
Experts believe there is scope for another 25 bps cut in this cycle.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Reduces Repo Rate to 5.25 Percent (Start of December) ▼

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) delivered a 25-basis-point reduction in the repo rate, bringing it down to 5.25 percent.
The central bank cut policy rates by a cumulative 125 basis points during 2025.
Average headline inflation for Q2:2025-26 was 1.7 percent, breaching the lower tolerance threshold of 2 percent.
Inflation dipped to 0.3 percent in October 2025.
Real GDP growth accelerated to 8.2 percent in Q2.
Inflation was 2.2 percent and growth was 8.0 percent in H1:2025-26.
The MPC slashed the inflation aim by 60 basis points to 2 percent.
The central bank raised the FY26 growth forecast to 7.3 percent.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raises FY26 GDP growth forecast to 7.3% (Start of December) ▼

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) revised India’s GDP forecast for FY2025-26 upwards to 7.3% from the earlier 6.8%.
RBI raised Q3 FY26 growth estimate to 7.0% from 6.4%.
RBI raised Q4 FY26 growth estimate to 6.5% from 6.2%.
RBI raised Q1 FY27 growth projection to 6.7% from 6.4%.
RBI projected Q2 FY27 growth at 6.8%.
RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the policy repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25%.
India’s economy grew 8.2% in Q2 FY25, 7.8% in Q1 FY25, and 6.5% for full-year FY25.
RBI announced Rs 1 lakh crore OMO purchases and a 3-year USD/INR swap of USD 5 billion.
IMF projects India to become the world’s fourth-largest economy by end of 2025.

RBI Launches Three Key Surveys for Monetary Policy Inputs (Start of November) ▼

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the launch of the next round of three key surveys.
The November 2025 round of Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH) aims at capturing subjective assessments on price movements and inflation across 19 cities.
The Urban Consumer Confidence Survey (UCCS) seeks qualitative responses from households regarding their sentiments and is conducted regularly in 19 cities.
The Rural Consumer Confidence Survey (RCCS) collects perceptions and expectations from households residing in rural and semi-urban areas across 31 states and UTs.
The RBI stated that the results of the surveys provide useful inputs for monetary policy.
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is scheduled to meet for three days beginning December 3.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) launches PaRRVA to validate intermediary return claims.

Key Updates:

SEBI introduces PaRRVA, an independent verification mechanism for historical performance claims of Investment Advisors and Research Analysts.
PaRRVA is launched in partnership with the National Stock Exchange of India and CAREEdge Ratings.
Current regulations prohibit SEBI-registered intermediaries from showcasing past performance, even when legitimate.
SEBI’s investor survey shows only 36 per cent of investors possess adequate market knowledge.
PaRRVA positions India as the first country to establish an independent agency for validating return claims, setting a global benchmark.

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Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) proposes review of Basic Services Demat Account facility to boost financial inclusion. (End of November) ▼

Sebi proposes excluding ZCZP bonds from portfolio value calculation for BSDA eligibility.
ZCZP bonds are non-transferable, non-tradable, and do not provide monetary return or redemption value.
Delisted securities may be treated on par with suspended securities for BSDA valuation.
Illiquid securities will use last closing price for BSDA eligibility determination.
Depository Participants (DPs) to reassess BSDA eligibility quarterly through system-driven evaluations.
Beneficial Owner (BO) consent may be accepted via additional authenticated digital methods beyond registered email.

IRS officer Sandip Pradhan appointed as whole-time member of Sebi (End of November) ▼

Govt appoints IRS officer Sandip Pradhan as member Sebi
The government on Thursday appointed Indian Revenue Service officer Sandip Pradhan as a whole-time member of the Securities and Exchange Board of India ( Sebi ) for a period of three years.
Pradhan replaces Ashwani Bhatia, who demitted office after completion of his term as a whole-time member.
The government hereby appoints Sandip Pradhan , IRS (IT:1990), Director General of Income Tax (Investigation), Pune, as Whole Time Member of the Sebi
He would be the second IRS officer serving as a whole-time member, as his batchmate Kamlesh Chandra Varshney has been with the capital markets regulator since September 2023.
Pradhan rejoined his parent department, the Central Board of Direct Taxes, after serving as Director General, Sports Authority of India (SAI) till September 2024.
Before his appointment at the SAI, Pradhan had worked as the director general of the Sports Authority of Gujarat for four years (2013-17).

International Finance Corporation (IFC) commits $50 million to GFCL EV Products Ltd for India’s first integrated battery-materials plant.

Key Updates:

International Finance Corporation (IFC) commits about $50 million to GFCL EV Products Ltd, a subsidiary of Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd (GFL).
The investment will support large-scale production of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), electrolyte formulations, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, and PVDF/PTFE binders.
The greenfield facility is located at Jolva near Bharuch in Gujarat.

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IFFCO-Tokio General Insurance Company (IFFCO-TOKIO GIC) partners with cooperatives to expand micro insurance for package, health and motor policies. (Start of December) ▼

IFFCO-Tokio General Insurance Company is a 51:49 joint venture between Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co-operative and Japan-based Tokio Marine Group.
The company has tied up with a number of cooperatives to distribute micro insurance for package policies, health, and motor policies.
IFFCO-TOKIO GIC offers retail products including motor, health, travel, home, and personal accident insurance and corporate insurance products.

Assam Valley Fertilizer and Chemical Company Ltd (AVFCCL) incorporated on July 25, 2025 (End of November) ▼

Assam Valley Fertilizer and Chemical Company Ltd (AVFCCL) was incorporated on July 25, 2025.
The Assam government holds a 40% equity stake in AVFCCL.
AVFCCL is a strategic joint venture with central public sector undertakings including National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), Oil India Limited (OIL), Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited (HURL), and Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited (BVFCL).

IFC announces $137 million financing to JBM ECOLIFE and GreenCell Mobility for e-bus rollout in India (Mid of September) ▼

IFC will provide $100 million to JBM ECOLIFE and $37 million in mezzanine capital to GreenCell Mobility.
The investments will deploy 4,000 e-buses and charging stations across 39 municipalities in Maharashtra, Assam, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Puducherry, and New Delhi.
These projects will create 12,000 jobs, including opportunities for women.
The projects pioneer the use of a formal Payment Security Mechanism (PSM) to mitigate payment risks associated with municipal and state transport undertakings.

India ranks third globally with 65 commercial-scale clean industrial projects worth over USD 150 billion (Start of November) ▼

India has 65 commercial-scale clean industrial projects worth over USD 150 billion, making it the world’s third-largest pipeline behind China and the United States.
Only six of these projects have reached the Final Investment Decision (FID) stage, according to the Industrial Transition Accelerator (ITA) report.
The projects are concentrated in Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
The chemicals sector accounts for nearly 80% of the pipeline, with 50 clean ammonia and methanol projects totaling 30–35 million tonnes per annum capacity.
The report estimates these projects could abate 160–175 million tonnes of CO₂ annually and create more than two lakh direct and indirect jobs.

Genesys International rolls out India’s first 3D subsurface mapping for Adani airports

Key Updates:

Genesys International has rolled out India’s first 3D subsurface mapping solution.
The project includes the country’s first 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey for end-to-end detection and mapping of underground utilities.
Genesys will deploy advanced 3D GPR systems integrated with high-precision LiDAR technologies to deliver high-resolution 3D models.

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ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan Inaugurates Ananth Technologies' Centre of Excellence in Navigation (Start of December) ▼

Private companies entering work of building navigation systems for spacecraft and defence supports Viksit Bharat 2047.
Navigation systems are highly complex and critical which ISRO alone could not develop.
Ananth Technologies has entered navigation field in Thiruvananthapuram.
Ananth Technologies works closely with ISRO, DRDO, and BrahMos.
Centre of Excellence in Navigation aims to achieve full strategic autonomy for India in Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) technologies.
India has been heavily reliant on imported navigation technology for space missions and missile and defence systems.
Gaganyaan mission has completed 8,000 tests including propulsion hot tests, simulations, structural tests, and acoustic tests.
Gaganyaan in final stages of software development and simulation with 2027 target and three unmanned missions before manned.
ISRO to launch first private PSLV-N1 in this financial year.
ISRO preparing for BlueBird mission.

CSIR-NAL curtain-aiser spotlights aerospace tech under IISF 2025 (Start of December) ▼

CSIR–National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) hosted the IISF 2025 curtain-raiser under the JIGYASA Programme.
Students toured the Flight simulator facility to learn aircraft control and simulation-based engineering.
DRISHTI indigenous runway-visibility technologies were demonstrated to the visitors.
The Advanced composites division displayed cutting-edge materials used in aerospace structures and lightweight components.

India receives first homegrown 3D naval radar, Lanza-N, from TASL and Indra (Mid of September) ▼

India’s first homegrown 3D naval radar, the 3D Air Surveillance Radar (3D-ASR), Lanza-N, has been delivered.
Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL), in collaboration with Spanish defence firm Indra, manufactured and commissioned the advanced naval air surveillance radar aboard an Indian Navy warship.
TASL has set up a dedicated radar assembly, integration, and testing facility in Karnataka, and a radar factory in Bengaluru, as part of this collaboration.
The Lanza-N radar is a long-range, three-dimensional tactical surveillance system capable of detecting friendly and hostile air and surface targets, effective against drones, supersonic fighters, anti-radiation missiles, and all types of naval platforms.
This marks the first time the Lanza-N radar will be operational outside Spain.

TASL-Indra Deliver India’s First Indigenous 3D Naval Radar Aboard Indian Navy Warship (Mid of September) ▼

Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL) and Spanish defence firm Indra have manufactured and commissioned the 3D Air Surveillance Radar (3D-ASR), Lanza-N, aboard an Indian Navy warship.
TASL becomes “the first Indian company to demonstrate the ability to build and integrate next-generation naval surveillance radar systems.”
The radar has been “seamlessly integrated with all onboard systems and underwent rigorous sea trials to test performance across various naval and aerial platforms.”
A dedicated radar assembly, integration, and testing facility has been set up by TASL in Karnataka to support ongoing production.
Indra’s Lanza-N radar is described as “a long-range, three-dimensional tactical surveillance system capable of detecting friendly and hostile air and surface targets” and is effective against drones, supersonic fighters, anti-radiation missiles, and all types of naval platforms.

Lando Norris claims maiden Formula One world drivers' title

Key Updates:

Norris finished third in the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to secure the championship by two points.
Max Verstappen won the race but ended the season two points behind Norris in the final standings.
McLaren teammate Oscar Piastri also contended for the title, finishing third in the standings.

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Verstappen wins in Las Vegas; McLaren handed double disqualification (End of November) ▼

Max Verstappen claimed his second Las Vegas Grand Prix win ahead of championship leader Lando Norris.
Norris and McLaren teammate Oscar Piastri were later disqualified by stewards for illegal plank wear.
The disqualification puts pressure on McLaren's drivers as Verstappen goes level with Piastri on points and Norris' lead is cut to 24 points.
There are a maximum of 58 points available with two grands prix remaining, including one sprint race at next week's Qatar Grand Prix.
Verstappen won the Las Vegas race by almost 21 seconds as Norris had late car trouble.
Norris denied Mercedes driver George Russell second place before the line, but the disqualification result means both Mercedes drivers have now been elevated to the podium.
Piastri finished a distant fourth as his run of failing to finish ahead of teammate Norris continued.
Verstappen has now won four of the seven races since the summer break.
Norris started from the pole position and moved across the track aggressively to keep Verstappen behind but then ran deep at Turn 1.
Piastri, starting fifth, was lucky to escape a race ender when he was hit by Racing Bulls driver Liam Lawson at Turn 1.
Ferrari driver Charles Leclerc finished sixth (now fourth) behind Antonelli.
Lewis Hamilton charged from the back of the grid to 10th (now eighth).
Williams driver Carlos Sainz finished seventh (now fifth).

Max Verstappen wins Azerbaijan Grand Prix; Carlos Sainz Jr. secures Williams' first podium in four years (End of September) ▼

Max Verstappen wins F1’s Azerbaijan GP.
The Azerbaijan Formula One Grand Prix took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, on Sunday, Sept. 21, 2025.
Red Bull driver Max Verstappen of the Netherlands won the race.
George Russell took second place for Mercedes.
Carlos Sainz, Jr. was third for Williams, marking the team’s first podium finish in four years.
McLaren driver Oscar Piastri crashed on lap 1.
Lando Norris finished seventh, which allowed him to trim Oscar Piastri's Formula 1 points advantage from 31 points to 25.
Kimi Antonelli finished fourth for Mercedes.
Liam Lawson of Racing Bulls finished a career-best fifth.
Red Bull’s Yuki Tsunoda was sixth.
Lewis Hamilton finished eighth.
Charles Leclerc finished ninth.
Racing Bulls’ Isack Hadjar was 10th.

Arjun Erigaisi defeats Viswanathan Anand in the Jerusalem Masters (Start of December) ▼

Arjun Erigaisi triumphed at the Jerusalem Masters, defeating Viswanathan Anand in a thrilling all-Indian final.
Arjun Erigaisi secured victory with a 2.5-1.5 score.
Viswanathan Anand, a five-time world champion, finished as the runner-up.
The tournament was the Jerusalem Masters.

Oscar Piastri receives The Don Award, Australia's highest sports honour (Mid of November) ▼

Oscar Piastri was bestowed The Don Award, Australia's highest sports honour, named after cricket legend Sir Donald Bradman.
He received the award while preparing for the Las Vegas Grand Prix.
Piastri’s 2025 season included seven Grand Prix victories and 14 podium finishes, securing him second in the drivers' standings.

Amit Shah releases Gujarati edition of 'Chunotiya Mujhe Pasand Hai' based on life of Uttar Pradesh Governor Anandiben Patel

Key Updates:

Amit Shah released the Gujarati edition of the book 'Chunotiya Mujhe Pasand Hai' chronicling the life of Uttar Pradesh Governor Anandiben Patel.
Anandiben Patel served as the first woman Chief Minister of Gujarat and later as Governor of three states.
The book portrays her journey from a lower-middle-class background to holding key public offices.
Shah noted that Anandiben executed gubernatorial responsibilities with perfection and discipline.
He credited Anandiben for her role in the Narmada project land acquisition during her tenure as Revenue Minister.
Shah highlighted that Anandiben, at 85, continues to work with energy and diligence in Uttar Pradesh.

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Manohar Lal releases ₹50 commemorative coin to mark NHPC’s 50 years (Start of November) ▼

Manohar Lal, Union Minister of Power, Housing and Urban Affairs, released the ₹50 commemorative coin in New Delhi.
The coin release recognises NHPC’s contribution to India’s energy self-reliance.
He also released a comic book titled 'Chhota Bheem aur Bada Bandh' to popularise hydropower awareness.

PM Modi Inaugurates Year-Long Commemoration of 150 Years of 'Vande Mataram' (Start of November) ▼

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the year-long commemoration of the National Song, 'Vande Mataram'.
The inauguration will take place at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi on Friday.
The commemoration will formally launch on Friday and run from November 7, 2025 to November 7, 2026.
A commemorative stamp and coin will be released by the prime minister on the occasion.
The celebrations will witness Mass Singing of the full version of 'Vande Mataram' across public places.
'Vande Mataram' was written by Bankimchandra Chatterji on November 7 in 1875.

PM Modi marks Sardar Patel’s 150th birth anniversary with ₹150 coin, stamp and unity run (Start of November) ▼

India today observed Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the country’s first Home Minister and a key figure in integrating over 560 princely states into the Indian Union.
The day, celebrated annually on October 31 since 2014, highlights Patel’s role in strengthening national unity and reaffirms citizens’ commitment to the values of sovereignty and integrity.
On the eve of the anniversary, the Prime Minister released a commemorative ₹ 150 coin and a postage stamp in honour of Sardar Patel.
As part of the national observance, the “Run for Unity” was organised across the country.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's 150th Birth Anniversary: Commemorative Initiatives (Start of November) ▼

**National Unity Day:** Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's birth anniversary is celebrated as National Unity Day in India every year on 31 Oct.
**Commemorative Coin and Stamp:** Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the release of a special commemorative coin and stamp as a tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
**'Run for Unity':** Union Home Minister Amit Shah flagged off the ‘Run for Unity’ at New Delhi’s Major Dhyan Chand Stadium on the occasion of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's 150th birth anniversary.

Indo-Taiwan Industrial Technology Innovation Park (ITIP): ₹1,000 crore Taiwanese investment for electronics & semiconductor hub in Karnataka

Key Updates:

Karnataka government signed an MoU with Allegiance International Co Ltd of Taiwan to establish the Indo-Taiwan Industrial Technology Innovation Park (ITIP) with a proposed investment of around ₹1,000 crore.
The project is expected to create about 800 direct jobs as companies set up operations in ITIP over a period of 5 years.
ITIP will serve as a dedicated hub for Taiwanese companies in electronics and semiconductors, fostering advanced manufacturing, R&D, and innovation.

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IWAI signs MoUs worth over ₹6,000 crore for development of Inland Waterways on National Waterway-1 (Ganga) (Start of December) ▼

Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), nodal agency under Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW), signed 25 MoUs for inland waterways development.
The MoUs aim to strengthen river cruise tourism, ship repair infrastructure, multimodal connectivity and clean-energy transportation along National Waterway-1 (Ganga).
Uttar Pradesh receives substantial share of commitments focused on expanding operations in Varanasi and along the Ganga corridor.
Key MoUs include ₹800 crore for cruise tourism, ₹350 crore ship repair facility in Varanasi with UP government, ₹200 crore for two river cruise terminals in Varanasi, ₹100 crore for electric vessel charging infrastructure, ₹200 crore Regional Centre of Excellence in Varanasi, ₹1,000 crore with Rhenus Logistics for tug-barges, ₹1,500 crore with NTCPWC of IIT-Madras for dredging supervision, and ₹1,500 crore with IPRCL for rail connectivity DPR and PMC services.

Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah launches e-Swathu 2.0: Rs 2,000 crore revenue boost (Start of December) ▼

Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah launched the revamped digital platform e-Swathu 2.0.
e-Swathu 2.0 is expected to generate up to Rs 2,000 crore revenue by regularising 95 lakh properties in gram panchayats across the state.
Revenue is estimated to increase by Rs 1,778 crore, potentially up to Rs 2,000 crore with effective implementation.
The portal enables residents to obtain digital e-khata documents (Forms 11A and 11B) quickly and transparently.
All Panchayat property records will receive 11B accounts within 15 days of application, provided online and through Bapuji Centres.

Maharashtra signs LOI with Starlink to deploy satellite-based internet across remote districts (Start of November) ▼

Maharashtra government signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) with Starlink Satellite Communications Pvt Ltd to provide satellite-based internet services.
Target regions include remote and underserved areas such as Gadchiroli, Nandurbar, Washim and Dharashiv.
Services will cover government institutions, rural communities and critical public infrastructure.
The collaboration supports Maharashtra’s Digital Maharashtra mission and integrates with EV, coastal development and disaster resilience programmes.
Maharashtra becomes the first Indian state to formally partner with Starlink for satellite-enabled digital infrastructure.

ICAI signs MoU with Indian Army for real-time UDIN verification (Start of November) ▼

ICAI has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Army Purchase Organisation (APO), Directorate General of Supply and Transport (DGST), Indian Army to enable real-time verification of Unique Document Identification Numbers (UDINs).
The verification will be carried out through an application programming interface integrated within the vendor registration process of the Army Purchase Organisation.
The API integration aims to automate verification of Chartered Accountant-certified documents submitted by vendors, ensuring document authenticity, minimising manual errors, and mitigating fraud risk.