Daily Briefing Saturday, Dec 27

Daily Current Affairs: 27 December 2025

Analysis for 27 December 2025

Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal memorial.

[Lucknow]

  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, on December 25, 2025.
  • The memorial was established to honor the 101st birth anniversary of former PM and Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • The 65-acre complex features 65-feet-high bronze statues of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founder ideologues Syama Prasad Mookerjee and Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay.
  • The facility includes a lotus-shaped museum spread over approximately 98,000 square feet and an amphitheatre with a seating capacity of 3,000 people.
  • The project was developed by the Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) under the Basant Kunj scheme at an approximate cost of ₹230 crore.

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Rashtra Prerna Sthal Memorial Inauguration (End of December)
  • The memorial features 65-feet-tall bronze statues of Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • Developed over 65 acres at an estimated cost of ₹230 crore in Lucknow.
  • A modern museum showcasing the lives, ideas, and contributions of national leaders is part of the complex.
President Droupadi Murmu presented Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 (End of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the annual Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar to distinguished scientists from diverse fields at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • A total of 24 awards were presented under the second edition of the Puraskar in four categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team.
  • Jayant Vishnu Narlikar was posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna, the highest science award, for his lifetime achievements and contributions in the field of science and technology.
  • The Vigyan Team award was conferred upon the Team- Aroma Mission CSIR for contributions to Agricultural Science.
  • The awards are modeled on the Padma awards and recognize outstanding contributions across 13 domains, including Physics, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, and Space Science and Technology.
President Droupadi Murmu presents Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2025 to distinguished scientists (End of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the annual ‘Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar’ (RVP) to distinguished scientists from diverse fields at a special function at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • Under the second edition of the Puraskar, 24 awards were presented to scientists in four categories - Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team.
  • The highest science award - Vigyan Ratna - was given posthumously to India’s eminent physicist, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, for lifetime achievements and contributions made in the field of science and technology.
  • The Vigyan Team award was presented to the Team- Aroma Mission Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in the field of Agricultural Science.
  • The awards are given to scientists across 13 domains including Physics, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Mathematics & Computer Science, Earth Science, Medicine, Engineering Sciences, Agricultural Science, Environmental Science, Technology & Innovation, Atomic Energy, and Space Science and Technology.
  • Jayan N was conferred the Vigyan Shri award for Space Science and Technology, while Ankur Garg received the Vigyan Yuva in the same category.
  • S Venkata Mohan was recognized with the Vigyan Shri award in the field of Environmental Science.
Bargarh Dhanu Yatra Inaugurated at Bargarh in Odisha (End of December)
  • Recognised as the largest open-air theatre in the world, the festival recreates episodes from the Dwapar Yuga, centring on the reign of King Kansa.
  • Over an 8 km radius, the spectacle unfolds across three royal courts—Raj Darbar, Rang Mahal, and Nanda Raja’s Darbar—and 18 open-air stages, where artists bring mythology to life.
  • The festivities will feature cultural processions, temple rituals, and dramatic performances, including a grand procession from Gandhi Chowk to Samaleswari Temple.
  • The inaugural ceremony will be graced by MP Pradeep Purohit and MLA Ashwini Sarangi.

Nation remembers Shaheed Udham Singh on his 126th birth anniversary.

  • Shaheed Udham Singh was born in 1899 in a village of Punjab in undivided India.
  • He avenged the Jallianwala Bagh massacre by assassinating Michael O’Dwyer, the then Lieutenant Governor of Punjab.
  • While in British custody he used the name ‘Ram Mohammad Singh Azad’ to represent the three major religions of India and his anti-colonial stance.
  • He was an active member of the Ghadar Party and Hindustan Socialist Republic Association (HSRA).

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Shaheedi Week 2025 observed from 21 to 29 December (End of December)
  • Shaheedi Week is observed every year in December to remember the great sacrifices (Shaheedi) made by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, Mata Gujri Ji, and the four Sahibzade.
  • Shaheedi Week 2025 is observed from 21 to 29 December.
  • The week teaches lessons of bravery, faith, truth, and standing against injustice.
Nation pays tribute to former PM Indira Gandhi on her 108th birth anniversary (Mid of November)
  • Indira Gandhi served as Prime Minister of India from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination on 31 October 1984
  • Congress leaders Mallikarjun Kharge, Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi paid floral tributes at Shakti Sthal, her memorial in New Delhi
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi also posted tribute on X: 'Tributes to former PM Smt. Indira Gandhi Ji on the occasion of her birth anniversary'
Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) observed annually on October 31 (Start of November)
  • Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, also known as National Unity Day, is observed annually on October 31 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and to honor his pivotal role in fostering national and political integration and unity in India.
  • The day was first celebrated in 2014, following a declaration by the Government of India to honour and celebrate Sardar Patel’s remarkable contribution to nation-building.
  • The day underscores the importance of maintaining the sovereignty, peace and integrity of the nation, encouraging citizens to pledge their commitment to unity in diversity.
  • The year 2025 marks Sardar Patel's 150th birth anniversary.
  • During the Rashtriya Ekta Divas held on 31st October, 2015 Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi announced the initiative ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ for sustained and structured connect between people of different regions of the country for an enhanced understanding and bonding between them.
Guru Nanak Jayanti 2025: Date, Time, History, Rituals, Significance and Celebration of Gurpurab Festival in India (Start of November)
  • Guru Nanak Jayanti 2025 will be celebrated on November 5, 2025 (Wednesday), marking the 556th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
  • According to Drik Panchang, the full moon day (Kartik Purnima) begins at 10:36 PM on November 4, 2025, and ends at 6:48 PM on November 5, 2025.
  • The festival commemorates the birth of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism and the first of the nine Sikh gurus, born in 1469 at Rai Bhoi Ki Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan).
  • Celebrations start two days prior with Akhand Path, a 48-hour non-stop reading of the Guru Granth Sahib in Gurudwaras.
  • A Nagar Kirtan procession led by the Panj Pyaras is held one day before the main day, spreading Guru Nanak’s message through hymns.
  • On the main day, Prabhat Pheris (early morning processions) begin at Gurudwaras with hymn singing and katha recitation, followed by langar, a community meal served by volunteers.

Mohammad Bakri, acclaimed Palestinian actor and filmmaker, passed away at 72

[Palestine]

  • Mohammad Bakri died at Galilee Medical Centre in Nahariya after suffering from heart and lung problems.
  • He was best known for his 2002 documentary Jenin, Jenin, which captured testimonies from Palestinian residents following an Israeli military operation.
  • Israeli authorities banned the documentary from screening in 2021, and the Supreme Court upheld the prohibition in 2022.
  • Bakri was born in 1953 in the Galilee village of Bi’ina and studied Arabic literature and theatre at Tel Aviv University.
  • He made his film debut at age 30 in Costa-Gavras’s Hanna K, playing a Palestinian refugee.

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Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood book release on December 20 (End of December)
  • HarperCollins India is publishing Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood on December 20.
  • The book is authored by award-winning writer Mohar Basu.
  • It is described as 'a love letter, a fan's tribute and a deep dive into the incredible phenomenon called Salman Khan'.
Ranjana Sharma Bordoloi passed away at 80. (End of December)
  • Ranjana Sharma Bordoloi was a veteran Assamese actress.
  • She starred in popular Assamese films such as ‘Dr Bezbarua’ (1969), ‘Kokadeuta Nati aru Hati’ (1983), ‘Maniram Dewan’ (1964), ‘Morom Trishna’ (1968), ‘Loti-Ghoti’ (1966), ‘Pratidhwani’ (1964), ‘Ratanlal’ (1975), and ‘Sonmai’ (1977).
  • She passed away in Dibrugarh.
Alia Bhatt receives Golden Globes Horizon Award at Red Sea International Film Festival (Mid of December)
  • Alia Bhatt was honoured with the Golden Globes Horizon Award at the fifth edition of the Red Sea International Film Festival in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Tunisian actor Hend Sabry received the Omar Sharif Award at the same ceremony.
  • Helen Hoehne, president of the Golden Globes, stated that the Horizon Award celebrates Bhatt's exceptional contributions to international cinema and the rise of the Middle East as a global film and television hub.
Sreenivasan passed away as Veteran Malayalam Actor and Screenwriter (End of December)
  • Veteran actor, director, producer, and screenwriter Sreenivasan passed away in Kochi, Kerala, at the age of 69.
  • He was born on April 6, 1956, in Patyam near Thalassery in the Kannur district of Kerala.
  • He acted in more than 225 films and wrote several landmark screenplays over a career spanning nearly five decades.
  • He received the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues for directing the film Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala.
  • He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film for Vadakkunokkiyanthram and the Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film for Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala.
  • He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay for the films Sandesam and Mazhayethum Munpe.
  • He received a total of one National Film Award, two Filmfare Awards South, and six Kerala State Film Awards during his career.
  • He made his acting debut in Manimuzhakkam in 1976 and played his first lead role in Sanghaganam in 1979.
  • He had undergone heart surgery in 2022 and was undergoing dialysis at a private hospital in Kochi before his passing.

Biswabandhu Sen passed away as Speaker of the Tripura Legislative Assembly (TLA)

[Tripura]

  • Biswabandhu Sen, the Speaker of the Tripura Legislative Assembly (TLA), passed away at a private hospital in Bengaluru on December 26, 2025.
  • He had been undergoing medical treatment after suffering a massive cerebral stroke on August 8.
  • The Tripura government declared a three-day state mourning following the demise of the veteran leader.
  • All government offices, institutions, schools, and colleges in Tripura were ordered to remain closed on December 26, 2025.
  • He is survived by his wife, one son, and one daughter.

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Swaraj Kaushal passed away, former Mizoram Governor (Start of December)
  • Swaraj Kaushal, former Mizoram Governor and husband of the late Sushma Swaraj, passed away on December 4, 2025, at the age of 73.
  • He was a senior advocate with a distinguished public and legal career.
  • He was born on July 12, 1952, in Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
  • He was appointed the Governor of Mizoram in 1990 at the age of 37.
  • He is survived by his daughter, Bansuri Swaraj, who is a New Delhi Member of Parliament (MP).
  • He was rushed to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) after complaining of chest pain, where he was declared dead.
  • He will be cremated at the Lodhi Road crematorium.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman lays foundation for Swahid Kanaklata Barua State University in Assam (Start of November)
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman laid the foundation stone for Swahid Kanaklata Barua State University.
  • The event took place at Gohpur, Assam.
  • The foundation stone was laid on November 8, Saturday.
Baba Adhav passes away at 95 (Start of December)
  • Veteran socialist leader Baba Adhav passed away at the age of 95.
  • He is survived by his wife Shilatai, sons Aseem and Amber, and grandchildren.
  • Dr Abhijit Vaidya, his consulting physician, stated he had multiple myeloma for five years and suffered from lung infection and kidney failure.
  • His mortal remains were kept at Hamal Bhavan Market Yard for public homage.
  • Autorickshaw and hawkers’ unions kept businesses closed as a mark of respect.
  • Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis remembered him for fighting for the rights of the deprived and unorganised sections.
  • Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar called him a symbol of selflessness and honesty in social work.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi noted his efforts to empower the marginalised and further labour welfare.
  • Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi described him as a strong pillar of social justice.
  • Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee president Harshwardhan Sapkal said the progressive movement of Maharashtra lost a major guide.
Ranjana Sharma Bordoloi passed away at 80. (End of December)
  • Ranjana Sharma Bordoloi was a veteran Assamese actress.
  • She starred in popular Assamese films such as ‘Dr Bezbarua’ (1969), ‘Kokadeuta Nati aru Hati’ (1983), ‘Maniram Dewan’ (1964), ‘Morom Trishna’ (1968), ‘Loti-Ghoti’ (1966), ‘Pratidhwani’ (1964), ‘Ratanlal’ (1975), and ‘Sonmai’ (1977).
  • She passed away in Dibrugarh.

Dr. S. Jaishankar, Prof. Jeffrey Ullman, Prof. Subra Suresh, Dr. Vidita Vaidya to deliver Spotlight Lectures at IIT Madras Shaastra 2026

  • Dr. S. Jaishankar, Minister of External Affairs of India, will deliver a Spotlight Lecture at Shaastra 2026 organised by Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras).
  • Prof. Jeffrey Ullman, Turing Award recipient, will deliver a Spotlight Lecture at Shaastra 2026 organised by IIT Madras.
  • Prof. Subra Suresh, former Director of the US National Science Foundation, will deliver a Spotlight Lecture at Shaastra 2026 organised by IIT Madras.
  • Dr. Vidita Vaidya, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize awardee, will deliver a Spotlight Lecture at Shaastra 2026 organised by IIT Madras.

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DST Secretary Inaugurates National Quantum Communication Hub at Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) (Mid of December)
  • Department of Science & Technology (DST) secretary Prof Abhay Karandikar virtually inaugurated India’s National Hub for Quantum Communication at Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras).
  • The hub has been established at IIT Madras Research Park, the IITM C-DOT Samgnya Technologies Foundation, under DST's National Quantum Mission.
  • This hub is one of the most well-funded among the four hubs set up under the National Quantum Mission.
  • The hub aims to lead India’s initiatives in quantum secure communication technologies and national-scale testbeds and pilot deployments through collaboration with academia, industry and global partners.
  • The Foundation's focus areas include Quantum Cryptography and Post-Quantum Security, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Networks, Quantum Memory and Repeaters besides Satellite-based Quantum Communication.
  • Live demonstrations showcased India’s emerging strengths in quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, integrated testbeds and startup-led innovations.
Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) and International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad sign MoU for BFSI research (End of December)
  • The Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad to collaborate in academics, research, training, student exchange and skill development in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector.
  • Joint PhD programmes will be offered to researchers in areas such as digital payments, cyber security, vulnerability management, adoption of AI for customer ease, cryptography, blockchain, and fungible and non-fungible tokens.
  • Other areas of collaboration between IDRBT and IIIT-Hyderabad include standardisation and validation of technology in BFSI, development of domain-specific SLMs, cyber security initiatives, and improving user experience.
  • Osmania University (OU) hosted the International Conference on Biotechnological Innovations for Sustainable Development 2025 (ICBISD 2025), featuring over 200 research presentations on biotechnological innovations.
Vigyanika: Science Literature Festival 2025 spotlights multilingual science communication for Atmanirbhar Bharat (Mid of December)
  • CSIR–National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR–NIScPR), Vijnana Bharti (VIBHA), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) and Panjab University organised Vigyanika as part of India International Science Festival (IISF) 2025.
  • Session ‘Vigyan Se Samruddhi – For Atmanirbhar Bharat’ focused on ‘traditional knowledge communication and its role in advancing national self-reliance’.
  • Dr. Viswajanani J. Sattigeri, Head, CSIR-TKDL, emphasized ‘the importance of documenting, disseminating and implementing policy for traditional knowledge’.
Ramanujan Junior Researchers programme to bring Indian PhD students to London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (End of October)
  • Programme backed by India’s Department for Science and Technology (DST) and London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (LIMS)
  • Phase one selects Indian PhD students as Ramanujan Junior Visitors from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
  • Up to six JNCASR PhD students will spend several months conducting joint research at LIMS in the Royal Institution, Mayfair, London
  • Phase two will introduce Ramanujan Junior Fellowships for early-career Indian physicists and mathematicians from across India for three-year placements at LIMS
  • Programme inspired by the 1913 collaboration between Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan and British mathematician G H Hardy

President Droupadi Murmu became second head of state to sail in submarine

  • Droupadi Murmu became the second head of state to sail in a submarine.
  • She undertook the sea sortie from Karwar Harbour in Karnataka.
  • She is the first President of India to have taken sortie in two fighter aircrafts of the Indian Air Force.

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Indian Navy stitched-sail vessel INSV Kaundinya to undertake maiden overseas voyage from Porbandar to Muscat (End of December)
  • INSV Kaundinya, the Indian Navy’s pioneering stitched sailing vessel that revives India’s ancient shipbuilding and seafaring traditions, will undertake its maiden overseas voyage on the 29th of this month.
  • The vessel will be flagged off from Porbandar, Gujarat, for Muscat, Oman, symbolically retracing the historic maritime routes that connected India with the wider Indian Ocean world for millennia.
  • According to the Defence Ministry, INSV Kaundinya represents a rare convergence of history, craftsmanship and modern naval expertise.
President Droupadi Murmu becomes first President to take sortie in Rafale jet (End of October)
  • President Droupadi Murmu took a sortie in a Rafale fighter jet from Ambala Air Force Station.
  • She is the first President to fly in a Rafale jet.
  • Earlier, on April 8, 2023, she became the third President and second woman head of state to fly in a Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter aircraft.
India and Brazil sign tripartite MoU to boost Scorpène submarine maintenance and defence ties (Mid of December)
  • A landmark tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Indian Navy, Brazilian Navy, and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited.
  • The MoU focuses on the exchange of information related to the maintenance of Scorpène-class submarines and other naval vessels.
  • The agreement aims to enhance life-cycle support, enable experience sharing in maintenance, logistics, and training, and strengthen cooperation between government agencies and industry of both nations.
  • The MoU will further boost Defence Research and Development (R&D) collaboration and drive technological innovation in sustaining Scorpène-class submarines and other naval platforms.
  • The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi visited Brazil.
  • In July, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Brazil, where he and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva decided to charter a strategic roadmap to strengthen bilateral ties, including defence and security.
  • India and Brazil recognized convergent views and strategic complementarities in defence and security matters.
  • An Agreement on the Exchange and Mutual Protection of Classified Information was signed, enabling deeper cooperation in various strategic areas.
  • A Bilateral Cybersecurity Dialogue was established to deepen cooperation through the exchange of information, experiences, and national perspectives on cybersecurity issues.
President Droupadi Murmu makes history with Sabarimala visit (End of October)
  • President Droupadi Murmu made a historic visit to the Lord Ayyappa temple in Sabarimala on Wednesday, becoming the first woman head of state to offer prayers at the renowned hilltop shrine.
  • She is only the second President of India to visit the temple; former President VV Giri had previously visited in the 1970s.
  • The President's visit is symbolically significant, coming years after a landmark 2018 Supreme Court ruling that overturned a traditional ban on women of menstruating age (10-50) entering the temple.
  • She is 67.
  • In doing so, she became the first President ever to carry the Irumudi and bow before Lord Ayyappa.

Esther Lalduhawmi Hnamte Awarded Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar

  • Esther Lalduhawmi Hnamte from Mizoram was awarded the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PM Bal Puraskar) by President Droupadi Murmu in New Delhi.
  • She was recognized for her exceptional talent as a singing prodigy, particularly for her emotional performances of patriotic anthems such as “Maa Tujhe Salaam” and “Vande Mataram”.
  • Born on June 9, 2016, she began performing in local churches and gained widespread attention in October 2020 when a video of her singing “Vande Mataram” was shared by then-Mizoram Chief Minister Zoramthanga and Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
  • She released a music video of the national anthem in August 2021, which was sponsored by the Assam Rifles and has since surpassed 47 million views.
  • She performed at the Ashtalakshmi Mahotsav in December and presented Prime Minister Modi with a “Poorvi” doll representing the Northeast.
  • She received the Young Achievers Award from Dalmia Cement Bharat Limited and became the face of an advertisement for the dairy cooperative Amul in 2021.
  • A documentary titled ‘A Star is Born’, chronicling her journey, won the Best Documentary Award (Silver) at the 2023 Northeast Film Festival.
  • Her accomplishments have been celebrated as an inspiration for a developed Bharat (Viksit Bharat), emphasizing the theme of unity in diversity.

Similar / Past Coverage

President Droupadi Murmu presented Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 (End of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the annual Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar to distinguished scientists from diverse fields at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • A total of 24 awards were presented under the second edition of the Puraskar in four categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team.
  • Jayant Vishnu Narlikar was posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna, the highest science award, for his lifetime achievements and contributions in the field of science and technology.
  • The Vigyan Team award was conferred upon the Team- Aroma Mission CSIR for contributions to Agricultural Science.
  • The awards are modeled on the Padma awards and recognize outstanding contributions across 13 domains, including Physics, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, and Space Science and Technology.
President Droupadi Murmu presents Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2025 to distinguished scientists (End of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the annual ‘Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar’ (RVP) to distinguished scientists from diverse fields at a special function at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • Under the second edition of the Puraskar, 24 awards were presented to scientists in four categories - Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team.
  • The highest science award - Vigyan Ratna - was given posthumously to India’s eminent physicist, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, for lifetime achievements and contributions made in the field of science and technology.
  • The Vigyan Team award was presented to the Team- Aroma Mission Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in the field of Agricultural Science.
  • The awards are given to scientists across 13 domains including Physics, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Mathematics & Computer Science, Earth Science, Medicine, Engineering Sciences, Agricultural Science, Environmental Science, Technology & Innovation, Atomic Energy, and Space Science and Technology.
  • Jayan N was conferred the Vigyan Shri award for Space Science and Technology, while Ankur Garg received the Vigyan Yuva in the same category.
  • S Venkata Mohan was recognized with the Vigyan Shri award in the field of Environmental Science.
LNF Literary Award 2025 announced for Velamala Simmanna (End of November)
  • Velamala Simmanna has been chosen for this year’s Lok Nayak Foundation’s literary award.
  • The award carries ₹2 lakh in cash and will be presented on January 18, 2026.
  • LNF literary awards are presented to eminent persons who have contributed to the promotion of Telugu language and literature.
  • The awards are presented every year on January 18 to commemorate the death anniversaries of former Chief Minister N. T. Rama Rao and noted poet Harivansh Rai Bachchan.
Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (Posthumously) awarded Vigyan Ratna 2025 for lifetime contributions in Physics (End of October)
  • Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar received the Vigyan Ratna 2025 in Physics.
  • The award was conferred posthumously.
  • Vigyan Ratna honours lifetime contributions to science and technology.

Sudarsan Pattnaik created World’s Biggest Apple and Santa Claus Sand Sculpture

  • Sudarsan Pattnaik set a new world record with the sand art installation titled ‘World’s Biggest Apple and Sand Installation of Santa Claus’ on Niladri Beach in Puri.
  • The World Records Book of India formally recognised the record on December 24.
  • The installation measured 60 feet in length, 22 feet in height, and 45 feet in width and used 1.5 tons of apples.
  • The project was executed under Padma Shri awardee Sudarsan Pattnaik’s leadership with the participation of 30 students from his Sand Art Institute.

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Ram Vanji Sutar passes away at 100, sculptor of Statue of Unity (Mid of December)
  • Ram Vanji Sutar, creator of the 522-foot Statue of Unity, passed away at his Noida residence at age 100.
  • He was awarded Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Bhushan in 2016 for his contributions to Indian sculpture.
  • Sutar sculpted the 108-foot bronze Statue of Prosperity at Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru.
  • He had been working with his son Anil Ram Sutar since 1994 on monumental sculptures across India.
Nepal's Historic Kartik Naach Festival Concludes on Kartik Purnima (Start of November)
  • The historic 10-day-long cultural festival, Kartik Naach, ends today at Patan Durbar Square in Lalitpur, Nepal, on the occasion of Kartik Purnima.
  • The traditional dance-drama has been staged annually for over three centuries in Patan Durbar Square.
  • The festival, also known as Katti Pyakha, was initiated in the 17th century by King Siddhinarsingh Malla of Patan.
  • Patan Durbar Square is a UNESCO Heritage site of Nepal.
114-year-old environmentalist ‘Saalumarada’ Thimmakka passes away (Mid of November)
  • Environmentalist 'Saalumarada' Thimmakka, who planted 385 banyan trees, has passed away at the age of 114.
  • The Padma Shri awardee, born in 1911, was recognized for her dedication to nature, treating trees as her children.
  • Thimmakka earned the title ‘Saalumarada’ for planting 385 banyan trees along a 4.5 km stretch between Hulikal and Kudur in Ramanagara, Bengaluru South district.
  • Her remarkable efforts earned her numerous accolades, including the Padma Shri in 2019, the Nadoja Award from Hampi University in 2010, the National Citizen Award in 1995, and the Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award in 1997.
  • Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah also expressed his condolences on her passing.
Maharashtra grassland labyrinth hints at Indo-Roman trade links (End of December)
  • Archaeologists have discovered a remarkable circular stone labyrinth in the Boramani grasslands of Solapur, Maharashtra, identified as the largest of its kind ever recorded in India.
  • The labyrinth consists of 15 concentric stone circuits, each carved with meticulous precision.
  • The structure's patterns are reminiscent of those found on ancient Roman coins, suggesting possible connections to trade routes.
  • The site’s location along historic Indo-Roman trade routes points to potential cultural exchanges between ancient India and distant empires.
  • The discovery emerged when a wildlife NGO, monitoring Great Indian Bustards and local wolf populations, noticed the stone arrangement in the tall grass.

Anil Kaushik, Davinder Pal Singh, Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar appointed as Additional Solicitors General for India

  • Anil Kaushik, Davinder Pal Singh, and Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar have been appointed as Additional Solicitors General for India (ASGIs) to represent the Union government before the Supreme Court.
  • Their tenure as ASGIs is for three years.
  • They will assist the Solicitor General in handling constitutional, statutory, and policy-related matters before the apex court.

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Justice Vikram Nath named NALSA executive chairman (End of November)
  • Justice Vikram Nath has been nominated as the new executive chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).
  • The appointment takes effect from November 24.
  • The nomination was made by the President of India and notified by the ministry of law and justice.
  • As per convention, the post of executive chairperson of NALSA goes to the second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.
  • Justice Nath is currently next in line after Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant.
  • NALSA is tasked with ensuring free and competent legal services for marginalised and economically weaker citizens.
  • Justice Nath is also in line to serve as the CJI for seven months.
  • NALSA's constitutional mandate under Article 39A is to ensure that no individual is denied justice due to financial or social constraints.
  • Before this appointment, Justice Nath served as Chairman of the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee (SCLSC).
  • Justice Vikram Nath was elevated to the Supreme Court in 2021.
  • He previously served as chief justice of the Gujarat High Court.
  • Justice Nath was part of the five-judge Constitution bench that delivered an opinion on the President’s Article 143 reference concerning delays in granting assent to state bills.
  • This bench held that neither the Governors nor the President could be bound by judicially imposed timelines for granting assent.
  • Justice Nath led the three-judge bench that modified directions concerning mass capture and non-release of stray dogs in Delhi-NCR.
  • The larger bench directed all states and Union territories to remove stray dogs from schools, hospitals, sports complexes, bus depots, and railway stations, and said they cannot be released back after sterilization.
  • Justice Nath’s bench sought the Union government’s response on whether individuals acquitted after years on death row are entitled to compensation for wrongful incarceration.
  • He authored the judgment for the three-judge bench that acquitted Surendra Koli in the sole surviving Nithari killing case.
  • The bench held that Koli's conviction could not be sustained when he had already been acquitted in other connected cases arising from the same set of facts and evidentiary material.
  • Justice Nath, along with Justice Sandeep Mehta, issued comprehensive guidelines to address the mental health crisis among students, particularly in coaching hubs.
BW Legal World announced winners of 6th Edition of 40 Under 40 Lawyers and Legal Influencers Awards 2025 (End of December)
  • BW Legal World announced the winners of the 6th Edition of 40 Under 40 Lawyers and Legal Influencers Awards 2025.
  • The awards ceremony was held in Delhi and recognised emerging legal professionals for exceptional contributions in corporate advisory, dispute resolution, regulatory practice, technology transactions and cross-border mandates.
  • Abhinav Mishra, Founder of Chambers of Abhinav Mishra, was among the award winners.
  • Aditya Ganju, Partner at AG Chambers, was among the award winners.
  • Akshay Sachthey, Partner at Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co., was among the award winners.
  • Deepika Narayan Bharadwaj, Director of Ekam Nyaay Foundation, was among the award winners.
  • Shashank Agarwal, Founder of Legum Solis, was among the award winners.
  • Varun Singh, Founder & Managing Partner of Foresight Law Offices India, was among the award winners.
BW Legal World (BWLW) Announced Winners For 6th Edition Of 40 Under 40 Lawyers And Legal Influencers Awards 2025 (End of December)
  • BW Legal World (BWLW) announced the winners of the 6th Edition of the 40 Under 40 Lawyers and Legal Influencers Awards 2025 on December 21, 2025.
  • The award ceremony was hosted in Delhi and brought together rising leaders from across India’s legal and policy ecosystem.
  • The 40 Under 40 Awards 2025 jury comprised distinguished individuals including Dr U.K. Chaudhary, Dr Anurag Batra, Rakhi Biswas, Pramod Dubey, and Arvind Nayar.
  • The winners included Abhinav Mishra of Chambers of Abhinav Mishra, Abhisaar Bairagi of Khaitan & Co, Arjit Pratap Singh of Adani Energy Solutions, and Prateek Sethi of Bharti Group.
  • The awards recognized practitioners for exceptional contributions in corporate advisory, dispute resolution, regulatory practice, technology transactions, and cross-border mandates.
  • The jury also included legal experts such as Gopika Pant of Indian Law Partners, Harry Chawla of Luthra & Luthra Law Offices India, and Vani Mehta of GE Aerospace.
Government Appoints New Secretary-Rank Officers (End of November)
  • Govt appointed seven new secretary-rank officers, including the new heads for oil, telecom and agriculture ministries.
  • Neeraj Mittal, a 1992-batch IAS officer of the Tamil Nadu cadre, [was appointed] as petroleum secretary, replacing Pankaj Jain.
  • Amit Agrawal moves to the Department of Telecom.
  • Manoj Joshi... will move to pharmaceuticals from the department of land resources.
  • V Vidyarthi will move from tourism to the department of empowerment of persons with disabilities.
  • Srivatsa Krishna [will replace V Vidyarthi] in tourism.
  • Atish Chandra... has been named officer on special duty in the department of agriculture and farmers welfare, and will take over as secretary at the end of Feb, when Devesh Chaturvedi retires.
  • Pankaj Jain, who was named member secretary of the Eighth Pay Commission.
  • Chennai Port Trust chairman Sunil Paliwal has been named chairman of the Inland Waterways Authority of India.

Anu Garg appointed as Chief Secretary of Odisha

[Odisha]

  • Anu Garg has been appointed as the Chief Secretary of Odisha, becoming the first woman to hold the post.
  • She succeeds Manoj Ahuja, who superannuated on December 31.
  • Garg, a 1991-batch IAS officer, was serving as Development Commissioner of Odisha prior to the appointment.

Similar / Past Coverage

Anu Garg appointed as Chief Secretary of Odisha (End of December)
  • Anu Garg, a 1991-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, was appointed as the first woman Chief Secretary of Odisha.
  • She will replace Manoj Ahuja following his superannuation on December 31.
  • She is currently serving as the Development Commissioner (DC) and is considered the number two in the state’s bureaucratic hierarchy.
  • Garg served as a joint secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) from October 2012 to April 2015.
  • She previously served as the commissioner-cum-secretary of the Department of Health and Family Welfare in the Government of Odisha during 2008–12.
  • She was a member of the High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) for Universal Health Coverage instituted by the Planning Commission in October 2010.
  • Her previous roles include serving as the collector of Sambalpur and Bargarh districts and as the secretary of the water resources department.
Aparna Garg appointed as Member Finance, Railway Board (Start of December)
  • Aparna Garg, Director General (DG), Indian Railways Institute of Financial Management (IRIFM), has been appointed as the Member Finance, Railway Board (RB), with effect from December 1, 2025.
  • Her appointment is for a period of three months or until further orders and will be in addition to her current duties.
  • She is an Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS) officer of the 1987 batch.
  • She has held key positions such as Principal Financial Advisor, Rail Wheel Factory, Bengaluru, and Divisional Railway Manager of Mysore.
  • She has also served in various other capacities in Southern Railway, Western Railway, and South-Western Railway zones.
Manali Makarand Kshirsagar appointed as first woman Vice-Chancellor of Nagpur University (NU). (Start of December)
  • Manali Makarand Kshirsagar is an NU alumna with a PhD in computer science.
  • She holds an MBA in finance and marketing.
  • She is currently director-technical and adviser at Nagpur’s Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering.
  • Maharashtra Governor Acharya Devvrat made the announcement of her appointment.
  • Her tenure will be for five years.
Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurates 36th Konark Festival and 15th International Sand Art Festival (Start of December)
  • The twin festivals are organised by the tourism department in association with Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi and Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC).
  • The five-day event celebrates India’s cultural heritage and artistic brilliance.
  • The inaugural evening at Konark showcased an Odissi performance by Sonali Mohapatra and artists of Nrutya Upasana Pitha, Bhubaneswar.
  • The recital opened with Odissi recitals on Hanuman Chalisa, composed by Sant Tulsidas, with music by Guru Abhiram Nanda and choreography by Mohapatra.
  • This was followed by ‘Saranga Pallavi’, a dance sequence exploring the beauty of Rag Saranga through intricate rhythm and melody, choreographed by Mohapatra with music by Nirmal Kumar Mahapatra.
  • The troupe concluded with Chari Yuga Devi, depicting the divine power of Maa Durga.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) doubles simplified documentation limit to ₹10 lakh for duplicate securities.

[Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)]

  • Sebi has doubled the monetary threshold for the simplified documentation process for issuing duplicate securities to ₹10 lakh from ₹5 lakh.
  • Investors holding securities valued up to ₹10 lakh will now be required to submit fewer documents.
  • Notarisation of the Affidavit-cum-Indemnity Bond will no longer be required where the value of securities is up to ₹10,000.
  • Sebi has prescribed a standardised Affidavit-cum-Indemnity Bond format and rationalised documentation for securities valued above ₹10 lakh.
  • Listed companies and RTAs must process requests strictly in line with the revised procedure, and investors who have already submitted documents under the old framework will not be required to resubmit them.

Similar / Past Coverage

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) overhauls mutual fund regulations and cuts expense ratio limits (Mid of December)
  • Total Expense Ratio shall now be the sum of BER, brokerage, regulatory levies and statutory levies.
  • Base expense ratio limits for equity-oriented schemes and other than equity oriented schemes under various AUM slabs have been cut by up to 15 basis points.
  • Base expense ratio limit for index funds or ETF revised to 0.9 per cent from 1 per cent.
  • Close-ended equity-oriented schemes BER limit now stands at 1 per cent as against 1.25 per cent.
  • Maximum brokerage fee that mutual funds pay on cash market transactions halved to 6 bps from 12 bps.
  • Brokerage cap for derivative transactions revised downwards to 2 bps from 5 bps, excluding applicable levies.
  • SEBI removed the additional 5 bps expense allowance currently permitted to be charged to schemes with exit loads as a transitory measure.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) overhauls merchant bankers rule; introduces capital adequacy, liquid networth criteria (Start of December)
  • Sebi overhauled merchant bankers rule by introducing a capital adequacy framework, requiring a liquid net worth, and mandating minimum revenue from permitted activities.
  • Sebi allowed merchant bankers to undertake activities falling outside its purview under the same firm, subject to certain conditions.
  • As per a notification dated December 3, a merchant banker can undertake fee-based, non-fund based activities pertaining to the financial services sector that fall under another Financial Sector Regulator (FSR) or do not fall under Sebi or any other FSB.
  • Sebi categorized merchant bankers, requiring Category 1 to have a net worth of at least ₹50 crore and allowing them to undertake all permitted activities.
  • Category 2 merchant bankers must have a net worth of at least ₹10 crore and can undertake all permitted activities except managing equity issues on the main-board.
  • Merchant bankers must maintain a liquid net worth of at least 25% of the minimum net worth requirement at all times.
  • Underwriting obligations of merchant bankers are capped at 20 times their liquid net worth.
  • Category 1 merchant bankers must have cumulative revenues of at least ₹12.5 crore in the three immediately preceding financial years, while Category 2 must have at least ₹2.5 crore.
  • The revenue criteria do not apply to merchant bankers managing only the issuance of non-convertible securities, securitised debt instruments, security receipts, municipal debt securities, commercial papers, REITs, and InvITs.
  • Sebi replaced merchant bankers with independent registered valuers for the valuation of Employee Stock Option Plans (ESOP) and Sweat Equity.
  • Previously, merchant bankers were mandated for valuations related to ESOPs and other share-linked benefits.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) eases educational qualification criteria for Investment Advisers, Research Analysts (End of November)
  • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) relaxed educational qualification criteria for Investment Advisers (IAs) and Research Analysts (RAs).
  • Previously, applicants were required to hold a graduate or postgraduate degree in finance-related fields such as Finance, Business Management, Commerce, Economics, or Capital Markets.
  • Under the new framework, graduates from any discipline are eligible to become IAs and RAs.
  • Applicants must have a graduate degree or equivalent educational qualification from a recognized university or institution, or a CFA Charter from the CFA Institute.
  • Passing the NISM certification exam or relevant certification from NISM or an NISM-accredited organization remains mandatory.
  • Sebi eased the corporatisation process for individual IAs, allowing a transition period once an IA crosses the threshold of 300 clients or ₹3 crore in fees.
  • The IA must immediately notify Sebi and initiate the transition process upon crossing these limits.
  • The IA has three months to apply for in-principle approval and an additional three months to complete the conversion to a non-individual entity.
  • During this transition period, the IA is allowed to onboard new clients and continue collecting fees.
  • Earlier, an individual IA was required to complete the transition to a corporate structure within three months after crossing the prescribed client or fee limits.
  • Sebi amended norms for investment advisers and research analysts to give these effects.
Sebi Introduces Threshold-Based Framework for Materiality of Related Party Transactions (End of November)
  • Sebi has introduced a threshold-based framework to determine the materiality of related party transactions (RPTs), based on the annual consolidated turnover of the listed entity.
  • The new norms are aimed at addressing practical challenges, removing ambiguities, and striking a balance between investor protection and ease of doing business under the Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements (LODR) norms.
  • For entities with turnover up to Rs 20,000 crore, a transaction will be considered material if it exceeds 10 per cent of the annual consolidated turnover.
  • In the case of entities with turnover between Rs 20,001 crore and Rs 40,000 crore, the threshold would be Rs 2,000 crore plus 5 per cent of the turnover exceeding Rs 20,000 crore.
  • For entities with turnover exceeding Rs 40,000 crore, the threshold will be Rs 3,000 crore plus 2.5 per cent of the turnover exceeding Rs 40,000 crore, or Rs 5,000 crore, whichever is lower.
  • An absolute threshold of Rs 5,000 crore as an upper ceiling has been notified for listed entities having a turnover above Rs 40,000 crore to protect the interests of minority shareholders.
  • Earlier, a listed entity was required to consider an RPT as material if the transaction exceeded Rs 1,000 crore or 10 per cent of the entity's annual consolidated turnover, whichever is lower.
  • The new norms came after stakeholders pointed out that the absolute materiality threshold of Rs 1,000 crore promotes a 'one-size-fits-all' approach.
  • Sebi has relaxed the minimum information required to be furnished to the audit committee and shareholders for RPT approvals for smaller transactions.
  • If the total value of RPTs with a related party in a financial year does not exceed 1 per cent of the listed entity's annual consolidated turnover or Rs 10 crore, whichever is lower, then a simplified set of disclosures would be submitted for approval.
  • Omnibus approval granted by the shareholders for material related party transactions in an annual general meeting shall be valid till the date of the next annual general meeting (AGM).
  • In case of omnibus approvals for material related party transactions, granted by shareholders in general meetings other than AGM, the validity of such omnibus approvals shall not exceed one year from the date of such approval.

Indian Army Social Media Policy 2025: Limited Usage Permitted

[Indian Army]

  • Indian Army has come out with a new policy that allows limited usage of social media apps for its over 11.5 lakh soldiers.
  • Soldiers can now access Instagram but only for 'purposes of viewing and monitoring' and will not be allowed to post views or comments.
  • Exchange of unclassified information of a general nature or content has been permitted on Skype, WhatsApp, Telegram and Signal, but only with known persons.
  • Only 'passive participation' has been permitted to 'obtain knowledge or information' on YouTube, X, Quora and Instagram, and uploading of user-generated content or messages is not permitted.
  • LinkedIn can be used only for uploading a resume and obtaining information on potential employees/employers.

Similar / Past Coverage

Indian Army and Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT) sign MoU for AI and software development (End of December)
  • The Indian Army signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT) to collaborate in the development of software and AI-based solutions for the army.
  • Under the MoU, the students and the faculty of NSUT will participate in live problem-solving projects of Indian Army and get hands on experience.
  • NSUT will also facilitate capacity building through Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs) and tailor-made programmes for Indian Army, strengthening indigenous innovation-driven defence preparedness.
  • The Army will get around 850 loitering munitions along with launchers from indigenous sources under fast-track procedures to equip all three defence forces and special forces.
  • The Army infantry battalions will now have one Ashni platoon each, which will be responsible for operating drones to be used against enemy locations and also in counterinsurgency roles.
Malaysia plans social media ban for users under 16 starting next year (End of November)
  • Malaysia plans to ban social media for users under the age of 16 starting next year.
  • Communications Minister Fahmi Fadzil stated the government is reviewing mechanisms used to impose age restrictions for social media use in Australia and other nations.
  • The government hopes social media platforms will comply with the decision to bar those under the age of 16 from opening user accounts by next year.
  • The ban aims to protect young people from online harms such as cyberbullying, financial scams, and child sexual abuse.
  • The effects of social media on children’s health and safety have become a growing global concern.
  • Companies including TikTok, Snapchat, Google, and Meta Platforms are facing lawsuits in the United States over their role in fueling a mental health crisis.
  • In Australia, social media platforms are poised to deactivate accounts registered to users under 16 next month.
  • France, Spain, Italy, Denmark, and Greece are jointly testing a template for an age verification app.
  • Indonesia initially planned to set a minimum age for social media users but later required tech platforms to filter negative content and impose stronger age verification measures.
  • Malaysia has put social media companies under greater scrutiny due to a claimed rise in harmful content, including online gambling and posts related to race, religion, and royalty.
  • Platforms and messaging services with more than 8 million users in Malaysia are now required to obtain a license under a new regulation that came into effect in January.
Indian Army conducts Inno-Yoddha 2025 at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi (Start of December)
  • Inno-Yoddha 2025, the Indian Army’s annual Idea & Innovation Competition, was held at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi.
  • A record 89 innovations were submitted, of which 32 were selected for further development.
  • Five innovations have already undergone Transfer of Technology (ToT) to industry, including Exploder (FC Tech), Agniastra (Red Kite Digital Tech), Vidyut Rakshak (IS Trading Co), Baaz Attack Drone, and Multi-purpose Octacopter.
  • Over the past five years, 117 ideas have been selected, 47 productised, 30 IPRs filed, and five innovations transferred to industry.
  • The initiative supports the Indian Army’s commitment to Atmanirbhar Bharat and indigenous development.
India conducts tri-service 'Trishul' exercise & Army's 'Astra Shakti' in Ladakh; Rudra Brigades, Bhairav Battalions being raised (Mid of November)
  • Exercise Trishul: tri-service 12-day drill in Rajasthan & Gujarat involving ~40,000 troops, warships, missile batteries, special forces, Rafale & Su-30 aircraft to test post-Sindoor readiness against Pakistan
  • Exercise Astra Shakti: Northern Command drill in Ladakh validating precision artillery, swarm drones, counter-UAS systems and ITBP synergy against China & Pakistan
  • New force structures: two Rudra all-arms brigades and five Bhairav light commando battalions already raised; 380 Ashni drone platoons (strike & surveillance) being created for infantry battalions

5th National Conference of Chief Secretaries: Human Capital for Viksit Bharat

[Government of India]

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi will chair the fifth National Conference of Chief Secretaries from December 26 to December 28 in the national capital.
  • The conference theme is 'Human Capital for Viksit Bharat', focusing on leveraging India's demographic strengths for economic and social progress.
  • Key discussion pillars include education and schooling, health and wellness, economic hubs, and frontier technologies.

Similar / Past Coverage

Uttarakhand CM Dhami inaugurates 47th All India Public Relations Conference (Mid of December)
  • Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami inaugurated the 47th All India Public Relations Conference-2025 held at Hotel Emerald Grand on Sahastradhara Road in Dehradun.
  • The conference is organized by the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI) with the theme 'Viksit Bharat @2047: Development as well as Heritage.'
  • The three-day event includes expert sessions on Uttarakhand's 25-year development journey, media and public relations, technology, GST, artificial intelligence, cybercrime, misinformation, and international public relations.
India hosts 60th All India DGP–IGP Conference in Chhattisgarh from November 28 to 30 (End of November)
  • The 60th All India DGP–IGP Conference will be hosted at the IIM campus in Naya Raipur from November 28 to 30.
  • The high-level internal security meet will be attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Home Minister Amit Shah and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval.
  • The core discussions remain policing modernisation, national security challenges, counter-terror strategies, community policing, forensic strengthening and action-taken reports from all states.
  • Dedicated sessions on security relations with China, Pakistan, radicalisation, and Left-Wing Extremism will also take place.
  • An advance team of the Special Protection Group (SPG) arrived in Raipur to take charge of ground-level security planning.
  • The IIM premises has been brought under 24x7 surveillance by IB and security agencies.
  • The conference belongs to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • This is the first time Chhattisgarh is hosting the national security DGP/ IGP conference.
Government Appoints New Secretary-Rank Officers (End of November)
  • Govt appointed seven new secretary-rank officers, including the new heads for oil, telecom and agriculture ministries.
  • Neeraj Mittal, a 1992-batch IAS officer of the Tamil Nadu cadre, [was appointed] as petroleum secretary, replacing Pankaj Jain.
  • Amit Agrawal moves to the Department of Telecom.
  • Manoj Joshi... will move to pharmaceuticals from the department of land resources.
  • V Vidyarthi will move from tourism to the department of empowerment of persons with disabilities.
  • Srivatsa Krishna [will replace V Vidyarthi] in tourism.
  • Atish Chandra... has been named officer on special duty in the department of agriculture and farmers welfare, and will take over as secretary at the end of Feb, when Devesh Chaturvedi retires.
  • Pankaj Jain, who was named member secretary of the Eighth Pay Commission.
  • Chennai Port Trust chairman Sunil Paliwal has been named chairman of the Inland Waterways Authority of India.

Constitution of India Released in Santhali Language

  • President Droupadi Murmu released the Constitution of India in the Santhali language, written in the Ol Chiki script.
  • The release function was held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • Santhali was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution through the 92nd Amendment Act, 2003.

Similar / Past Coverage

C.P. Radhakrishnan releases book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' authored by Vasudev Devnani (End of December)
  • C.P. Radhakrishnan, Vice-President of India, released the book 'Sanatan Sanskriti Ki Atal Drishti' authored by Vasudev Devnani, Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.
  • The release event took place at the Vice-President’s Enclave in New Delhi.
  • The book release coincides with the centenary birth anniversary celebrations of former Prime Minister Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • Vasudev Devnani holds the position of Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.
Droupadi Murmu attended Ol Chiki script centenary and NIT-Jamshedpur convocation (Mid of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu visited Jamshedpur and Adityapur to attend the centenary year programme of the discovery of Ol Chiki script at Disom Jaher, Karandih.
  • She delivered a speech on the concluding day of the week-long seminar on the promotion of Santhali script.
  • Murmu participated in the 15th convocation of National Institute of Technology (NIT-Jamshedpur) and awarded gold medals and degrees to graduating students.
India-Sri Lanka Partnership Inaugurates Multi-Ethnic Trilingual School (Start of November)
  • The occasion was marked by the inauguration of a Multi-Ethnic Trilingual School.
  • The school is located in Polonnaruwa.
  • The project was realized through an Indian grant surpassing SLR 320 million.
  • The school stands as a testament to the collaborative spirit fostered by the 2017 Memorandum of Understanding between the two nations for promoting quality education.
  • Prime Minister Harini Amarasuriya and the Indian High Commissioner, Santosh Jha, were among the distinguished guests at the ceremony.
Bhartiya Bhasha Utsav 2025 celebrated with theme Many Languages, One Emotion (Mid of December)
  • Bhartiya Bhasha Utsav 2025 was celebrated by the Ministry of Education at the National Bal Bhawan, New Delhi, marking the birth anniversary of Mahakavi Subramania Bharati.
  • The theme of the event was 'Many Languages, One Emotion'.
  • Adi Vaani, India's first AI-powered tribal language translator, was demonstrated live at the event.

Anti-Terrorism Conference-2025 unveils updated NIA Crime Manual, Organised Crime Network Database and Weapon Database

[National Investigation Agency (NIA)]

  • Union Home Minister released the updated crime manual prepared by NIA for use by State police in investigation and prosecution.
  • An Organised Crime Network Database was launched to help States, under NIA-CBI guidance and IB cooperation, eliminate networks that channel ransom money into terrorism.
  • A national e-database on lost/looted and recovered weapons was inaugurated to strengthen counter-terrorism efforts.

Similar / Past Coverage

National Counter Terrorism Policy and Strategy to provide template for States against terror (End of December)
  • The Union government is finalising India’s first anti-terror policy which will provide a template for all States to combat and respond to terror-related incidents.
  • The policy is being finalised by the Home Ministry with inputs from the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
  • Key focus areas include digital radicalisation, misuse of open borders, and foreign-funded conversion networks.
United Nations Convention against Corruption Eleventh Session of the Conference of the States Parties convenes in Doha, Qatar (End of December)
  • The eleventh session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) took place in Doha, Qatar, on 15-19 December 2025.
  • The Conference is the largest global anti-corruption gathering and brought together representatives from governments, regional and intergovernmental organizations, civil society, and the private sector.
  • Under the theme 'Shaping Tomorrow's Integrity', participants discussed emerging threats in the fight against corruption and explored ways to harness AI and new technologies to strengthen international cooperation against complex criminal activities.
  • The UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument and enjoys near universal adherence.
  • The UNODC GlobE Network connects law enforcement and anti-corruption investigators worldwide, enabling fast, direct cooperation and information sharing on cross-border corruption cases.
  • The International Anti-Corruption Excellence Award Ceremony recognized individuals and initiatives driving integrity, accountability, and progress against corruption.
  • The 5th Anti-Corruption Academic Symposium focused on how Artificial Intelligence can support the fight against corruption.
Operation Crystal Fortress: Rs 262 crore meth empire busted in south Delhi mansion; sales manager, handler held (End of November)
  • The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Delhi Police’s special cell seized 329 kg of methamphetamine worth Rs 262 crore.
  • The seizure occurred from a house in south Delhi’s Chattarpur on Nov 20.
  • Two people were arrested in the joint exercise, codenamed Operation Crystal Fortress.
  • The operation targeted a transnational drug network linked to a foreign-based kingpin.
  • The kingpin is also wanted in last year’s seizure of 83 kg cocaine in Delhi.
  • Union home minister Amit Shah called the operation “a brilliant example of seamless multi-agency coordination to achieve PM Modi’s vision for a drug-free India”.
  • The breakthrough followed months of surveillance and technical intercepts, exposing a cartel using multiple couriers, safe houses and layered handlers, with Delhi as a key hub.
  • One arrested suspect, Shane Waris (25) from Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, was picked up from Noida’s Sector 5 on Nov 20.
  • Waris, employed as a sales manager, allegedly operated under instructions from his handler, using fake SIM cards and encrypted apps.
  • Waris admitted his role and provided leads, identifying Esther Kinimi from Nagaland.
  • Esther Kinimi recently managed one narcotic consignment transported through a rider of a logistics platform.
  • NCB personnel raided Kinimi’s Chattarpur Enclave Phase 2 residence the same day, recovering the consignment and arresting her with assistance from Nagaland Police.
  • Preliminary findings suggest the syndicate was part of a larger cartel, functioning under foreign operators.
  • Authorities are working with international enforcement agencies to trace and secure the deportation of the kingpin.
  • This seizure is among the largest of methamphetamine in Delhi, with efforts underway to dismantle the entire network.
Telangana Eagle Force, NCB, Delhi Police Crime Branch and Noida Police conduct nationwide raids against Nigerian drug cartel (End of November)
  • The sleuths of Telangana Eagle Force in coordination with Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), Delhi Police Crime Branch and with support of Noida Police, executed a massive multi-state operation against a Nigerian drug cartel operating across India.
  • In coordinated raids across 20 locations in Delhi, more than 50 overstaying Nigerians were arrested, along with key cartel operatives in Noida, Gwalior and Visakhapatnam.
  • The operation led to the seizure of 5,340 ecstasy pills, 250 grams of cocaine, 109 grams of Heroin, 250 grams of Methamphetamine from four locations, all worth Rs.3.5 crore.
  • A total of 59 mule accounts were uncovered during the investigation, along with individuals responsible for deposits, withdrawals, and coordination with handlers abroad.
  • Around Rs.15 crore had been deposited into six of Badruddin's accounts and withdrawn almost immediately, indicating active money laundering.

Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm database launched to strengthen anti-terror crime effort

  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the 'Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm' database prepared by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
  • The database will centrally record government-owned weapons that are looted, stolen, lost, or recovered from state police forces and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs).
  • It will be accessible to all state police forces, paramilitary units, and law enforcement agencies for tracing weapon origin, movement, and recovery patterns.

Similar / Past Coverage

Key facts about the Louvre jewellery heist (End of October)
  • Thieves arrived at 09:30 local time and escaped at 09:38, spending four minutes inside the museum.
  • Four suspects used a vehicle-mounted mechanical lift to reach a first-floor balcony window of the Galerie d'Apollon.
  • Two thieves cut through the window with power tools, threatened guards, and cut through two display cases to steal eight items.
  • The stolen jewels include pieces once owned by Empress Eugénie, Empress Marie Louise, Queen Marie-Amelie and Queen Hortense.
  • Empress Eugénie's crown was later found damaged on the escape route.
  • One in three rooms in the raided area lacked CCTV cameras, according to French media.
  • The Louvre remains closed while around 60 investigators study CCTV and search for four suspects.
  • French political leaders described the theft as 'an attack on our history', 'intolerable humiliation', and 'a wound to the French soul'.
Uttar Pradesh Government's Modern Policing and Crime-Free Initiatives (Mid of November)
  • Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath emphasizes a zero-tolerance approach to crime, declaring that the 'new Uttar Pradesh does not accept crime'.
  • The upgraded Regional Forensic Science Laboratory (RFSL) in Gorakhpur was inaugurated, costing Rs 72.78 crore, to strengthen modern policing efforts.
  • The long-awaited Commissionerate system has begun implementation, marking a 50-year milestone in the state's policing.
  • The government has reinforced law enforcement by transforming cities into safe zones using extensive CCTV surveillance.
Interpol-led Operation Thunder 2025 nets 30,000 live animals, 10,500 arthropods and 4,640 seizures across 134 nations (Mid of December)
  • More than 30,000 live animals were seized during a month-long global crackdown.
  • Nearly 10,500 butterflies, spiders and insects — many protected under CITES — were seized around the world.
  • A record 5.8 tonnes of bushmeat was seized, with a notable increase in cases from Africa into Europe.
  • Authorities seized 215 kg and 1,900 pieces of elephant ivory; 28 kg and seven rhinoceros horns; seven tonnes of pangolin scales and meat.
  • Over 10 tonnes of live plants and plant derivatives were seized, driven largely by demand from horticulture and collector markets.
  • Illicit timber is estimated to account for between 15 per cent and 30 per cent of all timber traded globally.
‘Operation Bullion Blaze’: Melting units and illegal shops raided in Mumbai, gold worth Rs 15 crore seized (Mid of November)
  • The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) conducted raids on two facilities allegedly involved in melting gold and two unregistered shops linked to the network.
  • The action was named ‘Operation Bullion Blaze’ and resulted in the seizure of 11.88 kg of gold valued at Rs 15 crore.
  • DRI arrested 11 people, including the mastermind behind the racket, his father, employees, delivery boys, and an accountant.
  • The accused have been identified as N V Thakkar, V Thakkar, S S Joshi, S Joshi, A S Kesarkar, V V Kadam, P Kumar, S Narale, V H Rabari, SP Tripathi, and S P Rathod.
  • The syndicate smuggled gold into India to melt in covert furnaces and illegally sold the refined bullion on the grey market.
  • During the raid, 6.35 kg of gold was recovered on the spot, and an additional 5.53 kg of gold bars was seized from one of the shops.
  • A total of 11.88 kg of 24-carat gold and 8.72 kg of silver worth Rs 13.17 lakh were seized under the Customs Act, 1962.
  • All accused failed to produce valid documents for possession of gold and silver and were remanded in judicial custody after being produced in court.

BIS Standard IS 19412:2025 for Agarbattis to Ensure Consumer Safety and Boost Market

[Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)]

  • The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has introduced 'IS 19412:2025' to prohibit insecticidal chemicals like alethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fipronil in agarbatti manufacturing.
  • The standard classifies agarbattis into machine-made, hand-made, and traditional masala categories and sets requirements for raw materials, burning quality, fragrance performance, and chemical parameters.
  • Products complying with the standard can carry the BIS Standard Mark, helping consumers make informed choices and boosting the Rs 8,000 crore agarbatti market.

Similar / Past Coverage

Proposed New Seeds Act: Union Government to Introduce Legislation for Quality Seed Access (Mid of November)
  • Policy Name: New Seeds Act (proposed) – Union Agriculture Ministry
  • Objective: "ensure that farmers receive high quality seeds"
  • Key Feature: Legislation will include "stringent" provisions to "protect farmers" and curb counterfeit seeds
India Withdraws Quality Control Orders (QCOs) on Key Raw Materials (Mid of November)
  • India has removed mandatory quality checks (Quality Control Orders - QCOs) on numerous raw materials, including textiles, plastics, and metals.
  • This move aims to reduce delays and costs for businesses, especially MSMEs.
  • The withdrawal, notified on November 13, eliminates mandatory BIS certification for 14 products under the Chemicals & Petrochemicals Ministry and six under the Mines Ministry.
  • The list of affected inputs includes PTA, MEG, polyester fibres, polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC resin, ABS, polycarbonate, and metals such as aluminium, lead, nickel, tin and zinc.
  • The reforms flow from the Gauba Committee’s findings, which noted that QCOs grew significantly, many covering raw materials without direct safety implications.
  • The rollback is expected to immediately ease sourcing pressures in textile hubs like Surat, Ludhiana, Tiruppur and Bhilwara, and among plastics processors, nearly 90% of whom are MSMEs.
  • The withdrawal of QCOs for metals restores supply flexibility for downstream sectors including auto components, electronics, batteries, construction and defence.
Semiophore Ltd. Joint Venture to Commercialize Indian Pheromone Technologies Globally (Start of December)
  • ATGC Biotech Pvt. Ltd. (India) and Luxembourg Industries Ltd. (Israel) signed licensing agreements to establish Semiophore Ltd., a 50-50 Indo-Israeli partnership.
  • Semiophore Ltd. will manufacture and commercialize 18 Indian-developed pheromone-based crop protection technologies in Israel and export them to markets including Brazil and the United States.
  • The technologies are designed to reduce insecticide use by more than 80%, offering a low-toxicity alternative to chemical pesticides.
India Hosts 8th Codex Committee Session on Spices and Culinary Herbs to Shape Global Food Safety Standards (End of October)
  • The 8th Session of the Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) was inaugurated in Guwahati, Assam.
  • The event is hosted by the Government of India, with the Spices Board of India serving as the Secretariat under the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).
  • The CAC is a joint intergovernmental body established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), playing a vital role in setting science-based international food standards.
  • The CCSCH, established in 2013, develops international Codex standards for spices and culinary herbs, ensuring uniformity in quality parameters, testing methods, and labeling practices.
  • The Guwahati session deliberates on draft and proposed standards for key spices such as cardamom, coriander, and vanilla, and will develop new standards for emerging spices like nutmeg, curry leaves, and saffron.
  • The global spice market is valued at USD 28.5 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 41.9 billion by 2033.
  • India accounts for nearly 43% of global spice exports and produces over 75 of the 109 varieties recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  • The session saw the participation of 140 delegates from 40 countries, including representatives from FAO, WHO, the European Union, the United States, Japan, and the African Union.

Income Tax Act 2025: New simplified Act to take effect from April 1

  • The new simplified Income Tax Act, 2025 will come into effect from April 1, replacing the over six-decade-old Income Tax Act, 1961.
  • No income tax will be payable on income of Rs 12 lakh a year under the new income tax regime.
  • GST rates were reduced on about 375 goods and services effective September 22, compressing the four-tier GST slab structure into two principal rates of 5 and 18 per cent, with a 40 per cent levy retained only for sin goods.

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CBDT NUDGE Campaign: 15 Lakh Revised ITRs Filed for AY 2025-26 (End of December)
  • Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) launched a NUDGE campaign to alert taxpayers who claimed wrongful deductions related to unrecognised political parties or charitable institutions.
  • Over 15 lakh revised Income Tax Returns (ITRs) have been filed for Assessment Year 2025-26.
  • More than 21 lakh taxpayers have updated their returns and paid Rs 2,500 crore in taxes during the current fiscal.
  • Taxpayers are advised to review and revise their ITRs by December 31, 2025, to avoid further enquiries.
CBDT launches 2nd NUDGE initiative on foreign assets (End of November)
  • The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) formally launched the second NUDGE initiative, expanding its data-driven and non-intrusive reporting campaign focused on offshore asset disclosures.
  • The Income Tax Department will target around 25,000 high-risk cases in the first phase of the new drive.
  • Taxpayers will receive SMS and email nudges advising them to revisit and revise returns by December 31, 2025 to avoid penal consequences.
Central Excise (Amendment) Bill 2025: Replaces GST compensation cess on tobacco products (Start of December)
  • Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman is expected to introduce the Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025, which proposes changes to the Central Excise Act, 1944.
  • The bill will replace the current GST compensation cess on cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars, hookahs, zarda and scented tobacco.
  • The Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025, aims to give the government the fiscal space to increase the rate of central excise duty on tobacco and tobacco products so as to protect tax incidence after the GST compensation cess ends.
  • The Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025, seeks to levy a new cess on machines or processes used in the manufacture of pan masala and other notified goods.
  • The Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025, will replace the compensation cess on pan masala.
  • The proposed health–security cess is meant to augment the resources for meeting Security expenditure on national security and for public health.
  • The proposed health–security cess will apply in addition to all other taxes.
  • The GST compensation cess, introduced in 2017 for five years to offset states’ revenue loss, was extended till March 31, 2026, to repay the Centre’s Covid-era borrowing.
Central Excise (Amendment) Bill passed to repurpose levies on 'sin goods' (Start of December)
  • The Lok Sabha passed the Central Excise (Amendment) Bill in the Lok Sabha that look to repurpose levies on 'sin goods' such as tobacco, pan masala and related products ahead of the scheduled phaseout of the GST compensation cess levied on them.
  • The Central Excise (Amendment) Bill seeks to levy excise duty on tobacco and related products, replacing the existing compensation cess.
  • The revenues from levy of excise on tobacco would be part of the divisible pool of tax revenues.
  • 'The Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025' would be applicable on manufacturing of pan masala and other goods that the government may notify.
  • The collection from the health and national security cess would go towards funding public health initiatives and national security while maintaining high taxation on 'sin goods'.
  • The Central Excise (Amendment) Bill seeks to levy excise duty on cigars / cheroots / cigarettes in the range of Rs 5,000-11,000 per 1,000 sticks depending on the length.
  • It also proposes levy of 60-70 per cent on unmanufactured tobacco and 100 per cent on nicotine and inhalation products, over and above the 40 per cent GST rate that would be applicable on sin goods.

Delhi Metro TS-01 Mid-Life Rehabilitation

[Delhi]

  • TS-01, the first Delhi Metro train introduced into service in 2002, completed 23 years of service.
  • After mid-life rehabilitation last year, it now features CCTV cameras, integrated passenger emergency alarms, LCD-based dynamic route maps and public information boards.
  • The train has run over 2.9 million kilometres, carrying more than 60 million passengers with 2.4 million door operations.

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Delhi Metro Phase V(A) Project: Union Cabinet approves Rs 12,014.9-crore expansion (End of December)
  • The Union Cabinet approved Delhi Metro’s Phase V(A) project, which will add three new corridors spanning 16 kilometres and 13 stations to the network.
  • The Rs 12,014.9-crore project, scheduled for completion in three years, will be funded by the Government of India, the Government of Delhi, and international funding agencies.
  • The three corridors comprise the 9.91-km stretch between Ramakrishnan Ashram Marg and Indraprastha, the 2.26-km link between Aerocity and Indira Gandhi Airport Terminal 1, and the 3.9-km route connecting Tughlakabad to Kalindi Kunj.
  • The expansion will extend the Magenta and Golden lines, taking the total Delhi Metro network to nearly 400 km.
  • The project includes 10 underground and three elevated stations to reduce road congestion and boost the economy.
IIT Kharagpur Platinum Jubilee Commemorative Postage Stamp Unveiled (End of November)
  • India Post issued a special postage stamp to mark IIT Kharagpur's platinum jubilee celebrations.
  • The stamp release was conducted simultaneously across 1,64,987 post offices nationwide.
  • IIT Kharagpur, established in 1951, is India's first Indian Institute of Technology.
Rail Multitracking Projects: Improved Connectivity and Freight Movement with Rs 2,781 Crore Outlay (End of November)
  • The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved doubling of the 141-km Dwarka-Kanalus rail line in Gujarat and building third and fourth lines between Badlapur and Karjat (32 km) in Mumbai metropolitan region.
  • The two line-expansion projects worth Rs 2,781 crore are part of Indian Railways’ push to improve connectivity on routes with high passenger footfall.
  • The Devbhumi Dwarka (Okha)-Kanalus rail line will improve connectivity to the Dwarkadhish temple, a key pilgrimage site, and transportation of commodities such as coal, salt, container, and cement.
  • The Badlapur-Karjat line... will further help the commuters between Pune to Mumbai.
MMRDA inaugurates Asia’s largest elevated Metro depot at Mandale with India’s longest test track (Mid of November)
  • Facility: Mandale Depot for Mumbai Metro Line 2B, Asia’s largest elevated Metro depot spread over 30.45 hectares
  • Capacity: 72 eight-coach trains can be stabled simultaneously on two levels (36 per level)
  • Test infrastructure: India’s longest 965-m test track for advanced rolling-stock testing and performance
  • Technology: G+3 Depot Control Centre monitors train movement, maintenance, and safety in real time
  • Environmental features: 175 KLD Effluent + Sewage Treatment Plants to recycle water for cleaning & landscaping

Tripura to host 2nd Prabashi Tripurabasi Summit 2025-26

[Tripura]

  • Tripura is scheduled to host the second Prabashi Tripurabasi Summit 2025-26 to reconnect with natives of the state residing beyond its borders.
  • The summit is organized by the Tripura Institution for Transformation (TIFT).
  • The initiative aims to nurture emotional, cultural, and developmental bonds with Prabashi Tripurabasi, who are individuals originally from Tripura now spread across India and abroad.
  • The gathering seeks to foster dialogue, collaboration, and shared participation in the progress of Tripura by integrating the diaspora into the state's social, economic, and cultural advancement framework.

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Mizoram & NITI Aayog to jointly organise Mizoram Tourism Conclave (Mid of November)
  • NITI Aayog and the Mizoram government will jointly organise the ‘Mizoram Tourism Conclave’ aimed at developing tourism in the northeastern state.
  • A task force will be constituted to ensure expeditious fixation of the conclave’s schedule and to widen stakeholder participation.
  • Tourism Minister Lalnghinglova Hmar highlighted that 1,27,458 tourists (including 2,208 foreigners) visited Mizoram during Aug–Sept, attributing the rise partly to the new railway link up to Sairang.
Sahakar Sarathi Initiative Launches 13 New Services and Products for Cooperative Sector (Start of December)
  • Union Home & Cooperation Minister Amit Shah launched over 13 new services and products under the ‘Sahakar Sarathi’ initiative.
  • New offerings include Digi KCC, Campaign Sarathi, Website Sarathi, Cooperative Governance Index, ePACS, the World’s Largest Grain Storage Application, Shiksha Sarathi and Sarathi Technology Forum.
  • The Ministry of Cooperation aims to establish a cooperative institution in every Panchayat, expand cooperative membership to more than 50 crore people and increase the sector’s contribution to GDP.
22nd All India Annual TDS Conference to be held in Bhopal (Mid of November)
  • The 22nd All India Annual TDS Conference is being organised by the Income Tax Department, Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh Region, in collaboration with the Principal Director General of Income Tax (Administration & TPS), CBDT.
  • CBDT Chairman Ravi Agrawal will inaugurate the conference at Hotel Taj Lakefront in Bhopal.
  • The conference will focus on recent amendments to the Income Tax Act, 2025, including TDS changes and new compounding guidelines issued on October 17, 2024.
UN Tourism announces 52 new ‘World’s Best Tourism Villages 2025’ (End of October)
  • The Best Tourism Villages initiative was launched in 2021 under the UN Tourism for Rural Development Programme.
  • Villages are evaluated under nine categories: cultural and natural resources, economic stability, promotion and conservation of cultural resources, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, infrastructure and connectivity, tourism development and value chain integration, governance and prioritization of tourism, and health, safety, and security.
  • The 2025 list includes 52 villages selected from over 270 applications submitted by 65 UN Tourism Member States.
  • Only two Indian villages—Pochampalli (Telangana, 2021) and Dhordo (Gujarat, 2023)—have ever been recognised in previous editions.

Jalore Caste Panchayat Order: Smartphone Ban for Women and Girls

  • A caste panchayat of 15 villages in Rajasthan’s Jalore district has issued an order barring women from using smartphones.
  • The panchayat ordered that no women or girls from these villages will use camera phones with internet access from January 26, meaning that women are only allowed to use basic keypad phones.
  • The panchayat also stated that if girls require mobile phones for education, they will be allowed to use them only at home and not carry them to weddings, social events or neighbours’ houses.

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Karnataka Wellbeing Leave Bill 2025 to offer menstrual leaves and WFH flexibility (Mid of December)
  • Karnataka government has readied the Karnataka Wellbeing Leave Bill 2025 a first of its kind legislation on the subject.
  • The proposed bill provides menstrual leave not only for working women in the formal sector but also for menstruating students in educational institutions, transgenders ASHAs, anganwadi, and midday meal personnel, and those working in mines.
  • While the working women will get one day leave per month, the menstrual leave for students is capped at two days in a month and will be supported by a 2% relaxation in overall attendance requirements for menstruating students in schools, colleges and universities both government and private.
  • As per the proposed bill, if the employee does not choose to avail of the leave, they will be entitled for work from home if the facility is available.
  • Not mandating a doctor’s certificate, the leave can be availed through a request on e-mail.
  • The Bill proposes to institute the Karnataka Women Wellbeing Authority to carry out purposes of the Bill.
  • A penalty of upto ₹5,000 for each contravention of the provision has been proposed for those who deny menstrual leave, ill treat or discriminate against menstruating individuals.
Sanchar Saathi App Pre-installation Mandate (Start of December)
  • The Department of Telecom mandates pre-installation of the Sanchar Saathi app on all new smartphones under the Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024.
  • Manufacturers must ensure the pre-installed Sanchar Saathi application is readily visible and accessible with functionalities not disabled or restricted.
  • Users are free to uninstall or delete the Sanchar Saathi app if they do not wish to use it.
  • The app is designed to protect users from cyber frauds.
Kerala HC orders BCI to approve two transgender seats in every state law college (Start of November)
  • Interim direction to Bar Council of India to immediately approve creation of two dedicated seats for transgender students in all Kerala law colleges
  • Approval mandated within ten days of receiving the court order copy
  • Petition filed by a transgender woman denied admission to Government Law College, Kozhikode, despite qualifying KLEE 2025
Nayi Chetna 4.0 Launched to Combat Gender-Based Violence Nationwide (End of November)
  • Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan and Women and Child Development Minister Annapurna Devi launched Nayi Chetna 4.0.
  • Eleven Union ministries will collaborate under the campaign to eliminate gender-based discrimination and violence.
  • A tripartite inter-ministerial Letter of Intent was signed between the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Ministry of Law and Justice, and the Ministry of Rural Development.
  • The campaign will run across all Indian States and Union Territories until December 23, 2025.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) Phase-IV to connect 25,000 habitations with ₹70,125 Crore Outlay

  • The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25 December 2000 to ensure all-weather connectivity to previously unconnected rural habitations.
  • Under PMGSY Phase – IV (2024), a total road length of 62,500 kilometres is proposed to be constructed during the implementation period from FY 2024–25 to 2028–29, with an overall financial outlay of ₹70,125 crore.
  • Phase IV of the scheme aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to 25,000 unconnected rural habitations based on Census 2011 population criteria.
  • For the financial year 2025–26, the programme under the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has been allocated ₹19,000 crore.
  • The Online Management, Monitoring, and Accounting System (OMMAS) enables real-time monitoring of all works under the PMGSY, ensuring physical and financial progress remains aligned with targets.
  • The Electronic Maintenance of PMGSY Roads (e-MARG) platform ensures systematic monitoring of road maintenance for a period of five years from the date of completion.
  • The Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas (RCPLWEA) covers 44 most severely affected districts across nine States including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • A mandatory GPS-enabled Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) has been enforced since May 2022 on all vehicles and machinery deployed for PMGSY-III works to ensure transparency and quality standards.

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Maharashtra Pagdi Redevelopment Framework: Floor Space Index (FSI)-based Rehabilitation for Tenants & Landlords (Mid of December)
  • Deputy chief minister Eknath Shinde announced a separate regulatory framework to phase out Mumbai’s pagdi system through transparent redevelopment.
  • Tenants will receive FSI equal to the area they occupy; landlords will receive the original FSI based on land ownership.
  • Incentive FSI will be granted for cost-free reconstruction of homes for economically weaker and low-income pagdi holders.
  • If height limits prevent full on-site use, remaining FSI will be provided as TDR (Transferable Development Rights).
  • Additional fast-track courts—subject to prior high court approval—will be set up to clear about 28,000 pending tenant-landlord disputes within three years.
Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme for socio-economic empowerment of minority communities (Start of December)
  • Ministry of Minority Affairs is implementing the scheme. "According to the Ministry of Minority Affairs"
  • Focuses on socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities through skill development, support for women entrepreneurs, and education assistance for school dropouts. "the Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan PM VIKAS scheme is focused on the socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities through skill development, support for women entrepreneurs, and education assistance for school dropouts."
  • Aims to strengthen capacity of minority youth by providing skill training in need-based courses and linking them with employment or self-employment. "PM VIKAS aims to strengthen the capacity of minority youth by providing skill training in need-based courses and linking them with employment or self-employment avenues."
  • Allocation letters have been issued for training about 1.40 lakh beneficiaries. "allocation letters have been issued for training about 1.40 lakh beneficiaries."
  • 3 per cent of all seats across components are reserved for persons with disabilities. "As per scheme guidelines, 3 per cent of all seats across components are reserved for persons with disabilities."
TCoE Launches Samriddh Gram Phygital Pilot to Digitally Empower Rural India (End of October)
  • The Telecom Centres of Excellence TCoE has signed agreements with leading implementation partners to roll out the Samriddh Gram Phygital Services Pilot.
  • The initiative is designed to seamlessly integrate physical infrastructure with digital services across rural communities, leveraging BharatNet connectivity to deliver essential citizen-centric services, bridging the urban-rural digital divide and driving sustainable development at the grassroots level.
  • The Samriddh Gram Phygital Services Pilot represents a bold new model of “phygital transformation,” merging physical presence with digital platforms.
  • The Department of Telecommunications DoT has identified three pilot villages for this initiative: Chaksu, Rajasthan; Khatav, Maharashtra; and Kolar, Karnataka.
  • Each of these villages will host a Samriddhi Kendra—a state-of-the-art integrated service hub that serves as the focal point for local citizens to access digital education, healthcare, governance, and economic opportunities.
  • Each Samriddhi Kendra will act as a comprehensive service hub, integrating multiple sectors through digital innovation, including Education and Skilling, Agriculture, Healthcare, e-Governance, E-Commerce and Entrepreneurship, Financial Inclusion, and Connectivity Backbone.
  • The implementation partners for the pilot include: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-M), Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A), Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIM-B), Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta (IIM-C), National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM), and National Institute of Smart Governance (NISG).
  • Following successful implementation and impact evaluation, the model is expected to be scaled up nationwide, with plans to establish hundreds of Samriddhi Kendras across India’s 6 lakh villages.
Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijlee Yojana (PMSG: MBY): Uttar Pradesh crosses 1 GW residential rooftop solar capacity (End of November)
  • Uttar Pradesh becomes the third state after Gujarat and Maharashtra to surpass 1 GW of residential rooftop solar capacity under PMSG: MBY.
  • Central subsidy disbursed ₹1,999.26 crore and state subsidy about ₹600 crore to reduce consumer financial burden.
  • UP provides ₹15,000 per kW up to 2 kW and total subsidy of ₹1.08 lakh for 3 kW systems, including Centre’s share.
  • Subsidy payback period in UP is 20 months for 3 kW, lower than the national average of 30 months.
  • Beneficiary households receive up to 300 units of free electricity monthly, cutting monthly bills by ₹800-1,500 in rural and ₹1,500-2,500 in urban areas.
  • Scheme has created about 50,000 employment opportunities as registered vendors rose from 81 to 4,200.

Special Campaign 5.0 Assessment Report & CPGRAMS Annual Report Released

[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]

  • The Assessment Report of Special Campaign 5.0 and the Annual Report of CPGRAMS were released by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
  • Special Campaign 5.0 institutionalised Swachhata and reduced pendency across government offices, generating over Rs 4100 crores through systematic disposal of scrap and e-waste.
  • CPGRAMS report highlights the Government’s focus on responsive, technology-enabled and time-bound grievance redressal.

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Atal Bihari Vajpayee birth anniversary commemorated as National Good Governance Day (End of December)
  • December 25 is celebrated every year as National Good Governance Day to honour former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • Vajpayee was born on December 25, 1924, in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.
  • He served three terms as Prime Minister and delivered landmark speeches during the Pokhran nuclear tests, 1996 resignation, 2000 US Congress address, 1977 UN speech, and 2002 Independence Day.
National Blockchain Framework (NBF): Key Features and Objectives (End of October)
  • Scheme Name: National Blockchain Framework (NBF) | Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) | Launch: September 2024 | Financial Outlay: ₹64.76 crore
  • Core Objective: Shift governance from "centralized control to decentralized validation" using blockchain’s "immutability, shared ledgers, and trust-by-design systems"
  • Technology Backbone: Vishvasya Blockchain Stack—a home-grown modular "Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS)" platform managed by National Informatics Centre (NIC) and hosted in data centres at Bhubaneswar, Pune, and Hyderabad
  • Key Components: NBFLite (sandbox for startups/researchers) and Praamaanik (blockchain-enabled mobile-app authenticity verifier)
  • Achievement: Over 34 crore documents verified across property, judiciary, logistics and education databases as of 21 October 2025
Bharat 6G Alliance charts focused roadmap for India to lead global 6G by 2030 (Mid of December)
  • The Union Minister of Communications, Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, chaired the Apex Council meeting under the Bharat 6G Mission and reviewed the progress of the Bharat 6G Alliance.
  • The Government has approved a ₹1-lakh-crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund under the Department of Science & Technology to boost frontier research in AI-native networks, semiconductors, photonics, sensing, cybersecurity and satellite–terrestrial integration.
  • India secured inclusion of “Ubiquitous Connectivity” in the ITU IMT-2030 (6G) framework, strengthening global recognition of India’s capabilities.
  • The Bharat 6G Alliance has grown from 16 founding members to over 84 organisations and released eight technical reports and whitepapers covering spectrum, AI-native networks, green telecom, emerging applications, and RF sensing.
  • Four institutions—Punjab Engineering College, Banasthali Vidyapith, IIT Roorkee (AMRIT), and Thapar University—were awarded for exemplary innovation, societal impact and industry collaboration under the 5G Use Case Labs initiative.
Himachal Pradesh's DDT&G's DigiLocker Integration Initiative (Start of November)
  • **Initiative/Integration:** Integration of eDistrict Services, HIMParivar, and HimAccess Cards on the DigiLocker platform.
  • **Implementing Body/State:** Department of Digital Technologies and Governance (DDT&G) of Himachal Pradesh.
  • **Key Feature/Scope:** Integration of 51 eDistrict Services, HIMParivar, and HimAccess Cards on DigiLocker.
  • **Main Objective:** To enhance digital governance and facilitate seamless access to government services for citizens.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) grants NOCs to three new airlines to increase competition and lower flight costs

[Ministry of Civil Aviation]

  • The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has given no objection certificates (NOCs) to three airlines – Al Hind Air, FlyExpress and Shankh Air – to provide more choice for consumers and bring down the cost of flights.
  • Shankh Air, which aims to be the leading full-service airline of Uttar Pradesh, plans to launch its flight services around the first quarter of 2026.
  • Al Hind Air, owned by the Kerala-based Alhind Group, has an initial investment between Rs 200 and Rs 500 crore and will focus on domestic and regional travel using ATR 72-600 model aircraft.
  • FlyExpress, which received its NOC from the MoCA, is reportedly backed by a courier and cargo services company from Hyderabad.
  • To begin operations, these carriers must next get an Air Operator Certificate (AOC) from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) by proving they have financial backing, aircraft, and trained crew.

Similar / Past Coverage

Air India wins Travel + Leisure Best Domestic Airline Award (Mid of December)
  • Air India has been recognised as the ‘Best Domestic Airline’ at the Travel + Leisure India and South Asia’s Best Awards 2025, for the second consecutive year.
  • The recognition is decided through a customer vote and reflects the trust placed in Air India by its patrons.
  • The award underscores the strides made by Air India in delivering an elevated product and service experience across touchpoints for millions of passengers.
  • Air India is investing significantly in modernising its fleet and enhancing customer experience, including a USD 400 million retrofit programme to refurbish existing aircraft cabins.
National Aviation Safety Centre: India to Establish First-of-its-Kind Regional Training Hub (End of October)
  • Scheme Name: National Aviation Safety Centre – "the first of its kind institution in the region to train investigators and aviation professionals modelled on global best practices"
  • Objective: "to train aircraft accident investigators and aviation professionals" and "build world-class safety infrastructure and human capital"
  • Implementing Authority: Civil Aviation Ministry (announced by Civil Aviation Secretary Samir Kumar Sinha)
  • Key Provision: Government is "doubling" the number of professionals in regulatory and investigation roles
  • Institutional Support: Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) will continue to classify occurrences and conduct detailed accident investigations
UDAN Scheme Extended Beyond April 2027: 649 Routes Operationalised (End of October)
  • Scheme Name: UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik); Launch: October 21, 2016; first flight 27 April 2017
  • Objective: Regional air connectivity; 649 routes operationalised connecting 93 unserved/underserved airports, 15 heliports, 2 water aerodromes
  • Financials: Over ₹4,300 crore disbursed as Viability Gap Funding to airlines; ₹4,638 crore invested for airport development
  • Future Plan: Scheme to continue beyond April 2027 with expanded framework targeting hilly, North-Eastern and aspirational regions and around 120 new destinations

PM VIKAS: Skill Training for 2,110 Minority Youth through NIFTEM-K

  • The Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) has selected the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) Kundli as a Project Implementing Agency (PIA) to implement the PM VIKAS scheme.
  • Under this project, NIFTEM-K will train a total of 2,110 beneficiaries from the minority community.
  • The training will be conducted across seven locations in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana.
  • The program includes three training categories: Multi Skill Technician (Food Processing), Millet Products Processor, and Assistant Baking Technician.
  • The project will provide National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) compliant skill training through National Council of Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) approved courses.
  • The initiative aims to facilitate placement in wage employment, self-employment, or apprenticeship, with certification from institutions approved by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).
  • The program is scheduled to be rolled out in January 2026.

Similar / Past Coverage

PM-JANMAN Initiative for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (End of November)
  • PM-JANMAN focuses on housing, health, education and livelihood for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
  • Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan improves village-level infrastructure and governance.
  • Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan provides capacity building and leadership development for frontline tribal welfare officials.
DoSJE–PW Foundation MoU: Free Coaching for 15,000 Marginalized Youth (Start of November)
  • MoU signed on November 7, 2025 between Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE) and PW Foundation (Physics Wallah Foundation).
  • Objective: provide free structured online coaching to 15,000 students from SC, OBC and PM CARES Children Scheme beneficiaries for UPSC, SSC and Banking exams.
  • Key features: live/recorded lectures, test series with analytics, mentorship, doubt-clearing sessions, bilingual study material; no government funds involved.
  • Selection: transparent online application on DoSJE website, vetted through merit and need-based parameters.
Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme for socio-economic empowerment of minority communities (Start of December)
  • Ministry of Minority Affairs is implementing the scheme. "According to the Ministry of Minority Affairs"
  • Focuses on socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities through skill development, support for women entrepreneurs, and education assistance for school dropouts. "the Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan PM VIKAS scheme is focused on the socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities through skill development, support for women entrepreneurs, and education assistance for school dropouts."
  • Aims to strengthen capacity of minority youth by providing skill training in need-based courses and linking them with employment or self-employment. "PM VIKAS aims to strengthen the capacity of minority youth by providing skill training in need-based courses and linking them with employment or self-employment avenues."
  • Allocation letters have been issued for training about 1.40 lakh beneficiaries. "allocation letters have been issued for training about 1.40 lakh beneficiaries."
  • 3 per cent of all seats across components are reserved for persons with disabilities. "As per scheme guidelines, 3 per cent of all seats across components are reserved for persons with disabilities."
Skill India Centre Baghpat inaugurated to boost rural skilling (End of November)
  • Union Ministers Ashwini Vaishnaw and Jayant Chaudhary jointly inaugurated the Skill India Centre in Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh.
  • The centre in Baraut will offer quality skilling to unlock local aspirations and expand opportunities.
  • It is positioned as a gateway for youth in rural and underserved regions to access new-age skills and contribute to India’s growth.

Organised Crime Network Database and Weapons Database Launched to Bolster Law Enforcement

  • Union Home Minister (MHA) Amit Shah on Friday launched two pivotal databases: the Organised Crime Network Database and the Weapons Database.
  • These databases are intended to bolster efforts of law enforcement agencies nationwide, forming the backbone of the country's zero-terror policy.
  • Shah advocated for a seamless national-level technology framework, vested in unified databases, to enhance inter-agency efficacy in dismantling organized crime networks.
  • The conference, attended by top law enforcement officials, highlighted a shift towards a collaborative data-sharing approach.
  • The launch occurred on 26-12-2025 during the Anti-Terrorism Conference-2025.

Similar / Past Coverage

National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) operational for secure real-time database access (Start of December)
  • NATGRID is a platform for police and investigating agencies to securely access government and private databases in real time.
  • The platform receives around 45,000 requests a month.
  • Access is now available to Superintendent of Police (SP) rank officers, expanded from the earlier restriction to ten central agencies.
  • The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has asked States to use NATGRID to access datasets including driving license, Aadhaar registration, airline data, bank records, and social media account details.
MahaCrimeOS AI Platform Launched to Fast-Track Cybercrime Investigations (Mid of December)
  • Maharashtra government and Microsoft launched MahaCrimeOS AI, the country’s first AI-powered platform to fast-track cybercrime investigations.
  • The platform is currently live in 23 police stations in Nagpur and is proposed to be rolled out to all 1,100 police stations across Maharashtra.
  • Developed by CyberEye, MARVEL (Maharashtra government’s Special Purpose Vehicle), and Microsoft India Development Center, it is built on Microsoft Azure OpenAI Service and Microsoft Foundry.
National Counter Terrorism Policy and Strategy to provide template for States against terror (End of December)
  • The Union government is finalising India’s first anti-terror policy which will provide a template for all States to combat and respond to terror-related incidents.
  • The policy is being finalised by the Home Ministry with inputs from the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
  • Key focus areas include digital radicalisation, misuse of open borders, and foreign-funded conversion networks.
Operation Crystal Fortress: Rs 262 crore meth empire busted in south Delhi mansion; sales manager, handler held (End of November)
  • The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and Delhi Police’s special cell seized 329 kg of methamphetamine worth Rs 262 crore.
  • The seizure occurred from a house in south Delhi’s Chattarpur on Nov 20.
  • Two people were arrested in the joint exercise, codenamed Operation Crystal Fortress.
  • The operation targeted a transnational drug network linked to a foreign-based kingpin.
  • The kingpin is also wanted in last year’s seizure of 83 kg cocaine in Delhi.
  • Union home minister Amit Shah called the operation “a brilliant example of seamless multi-agency coordination to achieve PM Modi’s vision for a drug-free India”.
  • The breakthrough followed months of surveillance and technical intercepts, exposing a cartel using multiple couriers, safe houses and layered handlers, with Delhi as a key hub.
  • One arrested suspect, Shane Waris (25) from Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, was picked up from Noida’s Sector 5 on Nov 20.
  • Waris, employed as a sales manager, allegedly operated under instructions from his handler, using fake SIM cards and encrypted apps.
  • Waris admitted his role and provided leads, identifying Esther Kinimi from Nagaland.
  • Esther Kinimi recently managed one narcotic consignment transported through a rider of a logistics platform.
  • NCB personnel raided Kinimi’s Chattarpur Enclave Phase 2 residence the same day, recovering the consignment and arresting her with assistance from Nagaland Police.
  • Preliminary findings suggest the syndicate was part of a larger cartel, functioning under foreign operators.
  • Authorities are working with international enforcement agencies to trace and secure the deportation of the kingpin.
  • This seizure is among the largest of methamphetamine in Delhi, with efforts underway to dismantle the entire network.

China Opens 22.13-km Tianshan Shengli Tunnel in Xinjiang

[China]

  • China opened a 22.13-km-long tunnel in Xinjiang province, which is claimed to be the 'world's longest' expressway tunnel.
  • The Tianshan Shengli tunnel traverses the central Tianshan Mountains and has 'set two world records' for being the longest expressway tunnel and having the deepest vertical shaft for a highway tunnel.
  • The tunnel is a key part of the G0711 Urumqi-Yuli Expressway, which also became operational on Friday.
  • The 324.7-km-long expressway was constructed over five years by the China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) with a total investment of 46.7 billion yuan (about USD 6.63 billion).
  • The project reduces travel time between Urumqi and Korla from around seven hours to about three hours, while the mountain journey is reduced from several hours to 20 minutes.

Similar / Past Coverage

Riyadh Metro Certified Longest Fully Driverless Train Network (End of November)
  • The Riyadh Metro has been recognized as the world’s longest fully driverless train network, breaking a Guinness World Record.
  • Its network comprises six lines, 85 stations and a total of 176 kilometers (109 miles) and is expected to reduce the city’s traffic.
  • It operates fully driverless on all lines managed through advanced central control rooms equipped to monitor operations.
All About China’s Hongqi Bridge That Collapsed Just Months After Reopening (Mid of November)
  • The 758-meter-long Hongqi Bridge in Sichuan’s Maerkang city collapsed on Tuesday, just months after reopening.
  • Authorities had closed it a day earlier after cracks and terrain shifts were detected; no casualties were reported.
  • The incident occurred along a national highway linking China’s heartland with Tibet.
  • Police closed the bridge to all traffic on Monday afternoon after cracks appeared on nearby slopes and roads and shifts in the mountain terrain raised safety concerns.
  • Conditions worsened on Tuesday afternoon, triggering a landslide that caused the approach bridge and roadbed to collapse into the river below.
  • The bridge was part of the G317 national highway, an important route connecting central China to Tibet.
  • Built by the state-backed Sichuan Road & Bridge Group, the bridge was designed as a cantilevered two-lane beam bridge, standing about 625 meters above the gorge floor with piers reaching 172 meters in height.
  • The bridge was constructed to improve connectivity and boost economic activity in western China’s rugged terrain.
  • It was part of a broader effort to upgrade infrastructure along the G317 corridor, linking areas around the Shuangjiangkou Dam reservoir to the Tibetan Plateau.
India dedicates 125 Border Roads Organisation projects to strengthen border infrastructure (Start of December)
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh dedicated 125 newly completed projects of Border Roads Organisation (BRO) to the nation from Leh.
  • The projects — built at a cost of Rs 5,000 crore — comprise 28 roads, 93 bridges and four miscellaneous structures across Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, West Bengal and Mizoram.
  • The event marked the largest single-day and highest-value inauguration in BRO history.
  • The 920-metre Shyok Tunnel on the Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldi Road in Ladakh is highlighted as an engineering marvel providing all-weather connectivity to a critical military terrain.
  • Singh stated: "These infrastructure projects are the nation's tribute to those heroes who laid down their lives in the service of the nation."
  • He emphasised: "Enhanced road networks, real-time communication systems and satellite-based surveillance are now allowing Indian soldiers to operate with greater speed and precision in forward areas."
  • The defence minister noted that stronger border connectivity stabilises local economies, enhances disaster response and strengthens people’s faith in governance in remote regions.

Israel becomes first UN member to recognise Somaliland as independent state

[Israel, United Nations]

  • Israel became the first United Nations (UN) member state officially recognise the Republic of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state.
  • Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that the Israeli recognition of Somaliland is in the spirit of the Abraham Accords.
  • Netanyahu announced plans to expand cooperation with Somaliland in agriculture, health, technology, and economy.
  • Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in May 1991 and is internationally recognised as part of Somalia.
  • Taiwan was the first to recognise Somaliland in 2020, followed by Ethiopia which signed an MoU in January 2024 to explore formal recognition.
  • The foreign ministers of Somalia, Egypt, Turkey and Djibouti condemned Israel’s recognition of Somaliland.

Similar / Past Coverage

Australia and Israel Strengthen Diplomatic Ties Following Official Visit Invitation on 23-12-2025 (End of December)
  • Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese extended a personal invitation to Israeli President Isaac Herzog to visit Australia.
  • The diplomatic outreach follows an attack at a Jewish community Chanukah event held at Bondi Beach in Sydney.
  • President Isaac Herzog also received an official invitation from the President of the Zionist Federation of Australia (ZFA).
  • Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed the developments and the acceptance of the invitation on the social media platform X.
Shaikha Nasser Al Nowais makes history as first woman to lead UN Tourism (Mid of November)
  • Shaikha Nasser Al Nowais has made history as the first woman to lead UN Tourism.
  • Her four-year term begins in January 2026, marking a significant achievement for the UAE and its commitment to women's empowerment and global leadership in the sector.
  • Her nomination was confirmed during the 123rd UN Tourism Executive Council session held in Segovia, Spain, where she secured a majority vote.
  • Shaikha Al Nowais becomes the first woman to lead the organization since its establishment 50 years ago in 1975.
  • Key positions that prepared her for this historic role include Corporate Vice President at Rotana Hotels and Chair of the Abu Dhabi Chamber’s Tourism Working Group.
  • She has articulated a comprehensive Five-Pillar Vision designed to transform the tourism sector: Responsible Tourism, Capacity Building, Technology for Good, Innovative Financing, and Smart Governance.
International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People observed on 29 November (End of November)
  • The International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People is observed annually on 29 November.
  • The day commemorates the adoption of a resolution by the UN General Assembly in 1947 on partitioning Palestine into two independent States, one Arab and one Jewish.
  • Annalena Baerbock is the president of the UN General Assembly.
  • Rattray, Chef de Cabinet, spoke on behalf of the UN Secretary-General.
  • UNRWA is the UN agency that assists Palestinian refugees.
  • UNCTAD stands for the UN Conference on Trade and Development.
Israel announces plan to open embassy in Suva in 2026 (Mid of December)
  • Israel will open an embassy in Suva in 2026, three months after Fiji established its embassy in Jerusalem.
  • Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar announced the decision and informed Fiji’s Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sitiveni Rabuka during a phone call.
  • Sa’ar stated the embassy will strengthen Israel’s diplomatic presence across the Pacific and deepen ties with other Pacific island nations.

United States conducts strikes on Islamic State militants in north-west Nigeria

[United States, Nigeria]

  • The United States carried out strikes on Islamic State militants in north-west Nigeria after President Donald Trump said the group had been attacking Christian communities.
  • The strikes took place in Sokoto state in northern Nigeria, the BBC reported.
  • US Africa Command said the action was carried out in coordination with Nigerian authorities.
  • Nigeria’s foreign ministry said the operation was part of ongoing security cooperation with the United States, including intelligence sharing and joint planning to target militant groups.
  • US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth said he was 'grateful for Nigerian government support & cooperation'.

Similar / Past Coverage

United States launches Operation Hawkeye Strike against ISIS targets in Syria (End of December)
  • The U.S. military launched retaliatory strikes on Friday against dozens of ISIS targets in Syria.
  • More than 70 ISIS targets were struck using over 100 munitions from fighter jets, attack helicopters and rocket artillery.
  • Jordanian fighter aircraft also participated in the strikes.
  • The operation named 'Operation Hawkeye Strike' was carried out in response to the attack on U.S. forces in Palmyra, Syria.
  • The strikes targeted ISIS weapon areas and infrastructure in central Syria.
  • There are currently 1,000 U.S. troops in Syria, mostly in eastern Syria.
  • The U.S. estimates between 1,500 to 3,000 ISIS militants remain active in Syria and Iraq.
United States orders total blockade on sanctioned Venezuelan oil tankers (Mid of December)
  • Trump ordered 'a total and complete' blockade of all sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela.
  • Venezuela's government denounced the move as 'warmongering threats'.
  • The US has seized an oil tanker off Venezuela's coast and conducted deadly strikes on alleged drug-smuggling boats.
  • More than 30 of the 80 ships in Venezuelan waters or approaching the country were under US sanctions.
  • Trump wrote that Venezuela was 'completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever assembled in the History of South America'.
Egypt announces new natural gas discovery in Western Desert by BAPETCO (Mid of November)
  • Discovery attributed to Badr El-Din Petroleum Company (BAPETCO), a joint venture of the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation and Shell
  • Well currently producing around 16 million cubic feet of natural gas per day and 750 barrels of condensate
  • Discovery expected to add approximately 15 billion cubic feet of natural gas to Egypt’s proven reserves
  • Location of the find is in the Western Desert, Egypt
  • Technical teams are reassessing the reservoir to identify optimal drilling locations for future development
Telangana Eagle Force, NCB, Delhi Police Crime Branch and Noida Police conduct nationwide raids against Nigerian drug cartel (End of November)
  • The sleuths of Telangana Eagle Force in coordination with Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), Delhi Police Crime Branch and with support of Noida Police, executed a massive multi-state operation against a Nigerian drug cartel operating across India.
  • In coordinated raids across 20 locations in Delhi, more than 50 overstaying Nigerians were arrested, along with key cartel operatives in Noida, Gwalior and Visakhapatnam.
  • The operation led to the seizure of 5,340 ecstasy pills, 250 grams of cocaine, 109 grams of Heroin, 250 grams of Methamphetamine from four locations, all worth Rs.3.5 crore.
  • A total of 59 mule accounts were uncovered during the investigation, along with individuals responsible for deposits, withdrawals, and coordination with handlers abroad.
  • Around Rs.15 crore had been deposited into six of Badruddin's accounts and withdrawn almost immediately, indicating active money laundering.

New Zealand protesters use Māori haka against Sikh Nagar Kirtan amid immigration debate

[New Zealand]

  • A Sikh Nagar Kirtan in Manurewa, South Auckland, was blocked by protesters performing the traditional Māori haka.
  • Protest leader Brian Tamaki claimed the procession displayed Khalistan flags and slogans calling for violence against Indian PM Modi.
  • Tamaki framed the protest as resistance to 'mass immigration without assimilation' and 'imported political conflicts'.

Similar / Past Coverage

Madras High Court reaffirms exclusive ritual rights of Thengalai sect at Devarajaswamy Temple in Kancheepuram (Start of December)
  • Madras high court has reaffirmed that only the Thengalai sub-sect of Sri Vaishnava holds exclusive rights to lead religious recitations and rituals at the Sri Devarajaswamy Temple in Kancheepuram.
  • The court observed that earlier landmark judgments from 1882, 1915, 1939, and 1969 already determined that the Adhyapaka Mirasi rights belong exclusively to the Thengalai sect residing in Kanchipuram.
  • The bench ruled that these findings continue to remain legally valid and enforceable, noting that the Vadagalai sect’s participation must be limited to joining the recitation as worshippers without independent invocation.
India-New Zealand FTA Finalised with Dairy Sector Excluded (End of December)
  • India and New Zealand have concluded negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), likely to be signed within three months and implemented next year.
  • India will not open up its dairy sector under any free trade agreement, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal asserted.
  • India has sectors from duty cuts include dairy products, most animal products, vegetables & pulses, sugar, fats & oils, copper, aluminium, arms & ammunition, and gems & jewellery.
  • India has provided limited market access for select agri-products using Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQ) and Minimum Import Price (MIP) safeguards.
  • The India-New Zealand FTA offers India duty-free access to New Zealand’s market, while New Zealand will benefit from reduced tariffs on 95% of its exports.
  • Discussions for the long-pending India-US trade deal are in an 'advanced stage,' though access to agriculture remains a point of contention.
  • The FTA reflects calibrated trade liberalisation, balancing trade growth with domestic sector protection.
  • New Zealand’s Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters termed the deal a 'low-quality' deal and announced that his New Zealand First party would oppose it in Parliament.
Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order 2025 allows persecuted minorities entry till December 31 2024 (Start of December)
  • The Ministry of Home Affairs issued the Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order 2025 on September 1 this year.
  • The order exempts Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who entered India on or before December 31 2024 due to religious persecution to stay without valid travel documents.
  • The Supreme Court has sought the Centre’s response on whether this order violates the Assam Accord’s March 25 1971 deadline.
USGS reports new Kilauea lava fountains up to 100 ft, all activity confined within Halema‘uma‘u crater (Start of December)
  • Fresh lava fountains erupted from Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano on Saturday, US vulcanologists said.
  • Sustained lava fountains approximately 50–100 feet (15–30 meters) in height are currently erupting from the north vent.
  • All the eruptive activity is confined to Halema‘uma‘u crater within the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
  • Authorities are monitoring elevated volcanic gas levels and the potential spread of “Pele’s hair,” strands of volcanic glass often produced by lava fountaining activity.
  • Hot, glassy volcanic fragments can fall on the ground within 1–2 miles (1–3 kilometers) of the eruptive vents.

India to assume Chairpersonship of Kimberley Process from 1 January 2026

[Kimberley Process]

  • India will take over as Kimberley Process (KP) Vice Chair from 25 December 2025 and assume the chairpersonship on 1 January 2026.
  • This will be the third time India has been entrusted with the chair of the Kimberley Process.
  • The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) came into effect on 1 January 2003 and has 60 participants accounting for over 99 per cent of global rough diamond trade.

Similar / Past Coverage

India re-elected to International Maritime Organization (IMO) Council in Category B for 2026-27 with highest vote tally (Start of December)
  • India has been re-elected to the Council of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), London, in Category B, comprising 10 countries with the most significant interest in international seaborne trade.
  • India secured the highest number of votes in this category, receiving 154 out of 169 valid votes cast during the election.
  • The Council elections were held during the 34th session of the IMO Assembly in London by secret ballot.
  • The term of Council will be for the 2026-27 biennium.
  • IMO Council is a body composed of three categories, with 40 elected members out of 176 IMO member countries.
India and Netherlands establish Joint Trade and Investment Committee (End of December)
  • India and the Netherlands have set up a Joint Trade and Investment Committee (JTIC) to strengthen bilateral economic cooperation.
  • An MoU was inked in this regard between the two countries.
  • The JTIC will serve as a dedicated mechanism to review bilateral trade relations, promote two-way investments, address investment and trade barriers, and explore collaboration in sectors of mutual interest.
  • Under the MoU, the JTIC will meet annually, alternately in India and the Netherlands.
  • The JTIC will be co-chaired by the Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry and the Director General (Foreign Economic Relations), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands.
India to Host Global Big Cats Summit Next Year (Mid of November)
  • India will host a ‘Global Big Cats Summit’ in New Delhi next year.
  • The announcement was made by India’s Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav at a high-level ministerial segment at COP30 conference in Belem, Brazil.
  • The summit will focus on renewed global cooperation to protect big cat species and their habitats as part of integrated climate and biodiversity action.
  • The International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA) has 17 countries formally associated, with over 30 more expressing willingness to join.
  • India's ambition is to bring all big cat range countries, and all nations valuing biodiversity and climate security, into the Alliance.
India launches contingent for WorldSkills Asia Competition 2025 (End of November)
  • Union Minister Jayant Chaudhary flagged off the Indian contingent for the WorldSkills Asia Competition 2025.
  • The team comprises 23 competitors and 21 experts selected through the India Skills Competition 2024.
  • They will compete in 21 skill categories in Chinese Taipei.

India test fires 3,500-km K-4 missile from nuclear-powered submarine INS Arighaat on December 25, 2025

  • India tested an intermediate-range ballistic missile called K-4, which is designed to hit targets 3,500-km away, from the nuclear-powered submarine INS Arighaat in the Bay of Bengal on Tuesday.
  • The solid-fuelled K-4 can carry a two-tonne nuclear payload and is critical for India to strengthen the sea leg of its nuclear weapons triad.
  • INS Arighaat, the country's second nuclear-powered submarine with nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles (called SSBN in naval parlance), was commissioned on Aug 29 last year.
  • India will commission its third SSBN as INS Aridhaman in the first quarter of 2026 and the fourth in 2027-28 under the secretive over Rs 90,000 crore ATV (advanced technology vessel) programme launched decades ago.
  • The operational deployment of K-4 missiles, which will be followed by the K-5 and K-6 missiles in the 5,000 to 6,000-km range class, will somewhat help India narrow the huge gap with countries like the US, Russia and China.
  • Her forerunner INS Arihant, which became fully operational in 2018, can carry only the 750-km range K-15 missiles.
  • The SSBNs impart India's deterrence posture with much more credibility because they are considered the most secure, survivable and potent platforms for retaliatory strikes in line with the country's 'no first-use' policy.

Similar / Past Coverage

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) completes user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system (End of December)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed user evaluation trials of the next-generation Akash (Akash-NG) missile system, paving the way for its induction into the Indian Armed Forces. Quote: "The DRDO on Tuesday 'successfully completed' user evaluation trials of the next-generation Akash missile system, paving the way for its induction into the armed forces, officials said."
  • The Akash-NG system met all Preliminary Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) and demonstrated high precision against high-speed, low-altitude, and long-range high-altitude targets. Quote: "User evaluation trials of Akash NG missile successfully completed today, meeting all PSQR requirements... The system demonstrated high precision against diverse aerial threats, including high-speed, low-altitude and long-range high-altitude targets."
  • The missile system is equipped with an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and fully homegrown radars and Control and Command (C2) systems. Quote: "Equipped with an indigenous RF seeker, dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and fully homegrown radars and C2 systems, Akash-NG marks a major boost to India's air defence capability."
  • During the trials, the DRDO successfully intercepted aerial targets at various ranges and altitudes, including near-boundary-low-altitude scenarios. Quote: "During the trials, the missiles successfully intercepted aerial targets at different ranges and altitudes, 'including the near-boundary-low-altitude and long-range, high-altitude scenarios,' the DRDO said."
Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) delivers Anti-Submarine Warfare warship 'Anjadip' to Indian Navy in 2025 (End of December)
  • Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Ltd delivered 'Anjadip', the third of eight such platforms being built at the shipyard to the Indian Navy at the Chennai Port Trust.
  • Anjadip is the 115th warship built by GRSE and the 77th warship delivered to the Navy.
  • The warship is also fitted with an indigenous 30 mm Naval Surface Gun, manufactured by GRSE, and has nearly 88% indigenous content.
  • The Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) is armed with lightweight torpedoes as well as anti-submarine warfare rockets and features on-board Combat Management Systems.
  • The vessel requires a draught of 2.7 metres, allowing her to access the coasts easily in search of sub-surface threats and is powered by three water jets.
  • GRSE delivered four other warships in 2025, including the Advanced Guided Missile Frigate Himgiri, the first two ASW SWCs of the series Arnala and Androth, and the Survey Vessel (Large) Ikshak.
Indian Army's Southern Command conducts successful long-range precision launch of BrahMos missile (Start of December)
  • The Southern Command of the Indian Army successfully carried out a long range precision launch of the BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missile from a test range in the Bay of Bengal.
  • The launch was executed in a coordinated mission involving a BrahMos unit of the Southern Command and elements of the Tri-Services Andaman and Nicobar Command.
  • BrahMos Aerospace, which has designed and developed the missile, is a joint venture between Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyenia (NPOM).
  • BrahMos is an amalgamation of the names of Brahmaputra and Moskva rivers.
  • The first successful test of the missile was conducted on June 12, 2001, from the specially designed land based launcher at the Integrated Test Range off the Chandipur coast of Odisha.
  • BrahMos saw first induction into the Indian Navy in 2005, into the Indian Army in 2007 and first successful flight from Indian Air Force’s (IAF) Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter in 2017.
  • The achievement is a testament to India’s commitment to self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
India to induct third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) INS Aridhaman soon: Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi (Start of December)
  • India will soon induct its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), INS Aridhaman.
  • INS Arighaat, the second SSBN, was commissioned into the Strategic Forces Command in Visakhapatnam in August.
  • Once INS Aridhaman enters service, India will have three operational ballistic missile submarines at sea for the first time.
  • INS Aridhaman is undergoing advanced trials.
  • INS Aridhaman is designed to carry more long-range nuclear-tipped missiles than predecessors INS Arihant and INS Arighaat.
  • A fourth SSBN is currently under construction.
  • Upcoming submarines have the capacity to load additional K-4 missiles due to their larger build.
  • The four platforms are part of the classified Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project launched in the 1990s with an outlay of over ₹90,000 crore.
  • China operates six Jin-class SSBNs equipped with JL-3 missiles (10,000-km range) and six SSNs.
  • The US has 14 Ohio-class SSBNs and 53 nuclear attack submarines.

Gujarat regains Tiger State status after 33 years as NTCA confirms tiger presence in Ratanmahal sanctuary

[Gujarat]

  • The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) confirmed the presence of a tiger in the Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary in central Gujarat.
  • Forest officials detected pugmarks of a tiger in the Pipalgota Round of the Kanjeta Range in the sanctuary.
  • Analysis of camera trap data revealed an image of a tiger captured at 2:40 am.
  • The NTCA included Gujarat in the national Tiger Census and suggested steps to strengthen the ecosystem.
  • The Gujarat Forest Department has increased the number of camera traps and is ensuring availability of water, prey base, security, and fire prevention.
  • Prey base species such as antelopes and spotted deer were released in the area during the monsoon.
  • Forest department officials will be trained in conservation and breeding of tigers.
  • Attempts are on to bring a female tiger to increase the tiger population in the region.
  • Gujarat has become the only state in India to host three big cat species — lion, tiger and leopard — simultaneously.

Similar / Past Coverage

53 arrested for forest encroachment in Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve on December 16 (End of December)
  • Forest authorities in Chhattisgarh arrested 53 individuals for attempting to encroach upon protected land within the Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR).
  • The Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) serves as a critical catchment for the Mahanadi River and a vital habitat for tigers, elephants, and leopards.
  • The enforcement operation was conducted in the Sitanadi core zone, specifically in the Ghotbeda area of reserve forest compartment number 323.
  • The joint forest team was led by Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) Bholanath Singh Rajput, Ranger Kushal Kashyap, and Deputy Ranger Lokeshwar Chauhan.
Madhya Pradesh State-Level Multi-National Park Tiger Corridor (Mid of December)
  • Madhya Pradesh is developing the country's first state-level multi-national park tiger corridor in coordination with NHAI and PWD.
  • The corridor will incorporate underpasses in forest areas, slow-traffic zones, and wildlife-safe designs to balance tiger movement, tourism, and local connectivity.
  • It will promote eco-tourism and strengthen the local economy.
India's All India Tiger Estimation: The World's Largest Wildlife Survey (Start of November)
  • The All India Tiger Estimation (AITE) is widely recognised as the world’s largest wildlife survey, unmatched in both scale and precision.
  • It is conducted across more than 400,000 square kilometres of forests in over 20 states, mobilising an army of over 60,000 forest staff and field experts.
  • The survey blends satellite imagery, field surveys, and data analytics to create the most comprehensive picture of a single species ever attempted.
  • The methodology involves three phases: Phase 1 includes beat guards conducting carnivore sign surveys, prey counts, and vegetation/human pressure assessments; Phase 2 is handled by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun, using satellite images and remotely sensed information; and Phase 3 utilizes camera trapping in four square kilometre grids to identify individual tigers by their stripe patterns.
  • The 2022 cycle used more than 40,000 camera traps, earning India a Guinness World Record for the world’s largest camera trap wildlife survey.
  • Cubs are deliberately not counted in the estimation, as about fifty percent do not survive up to one year, and are only included as independent individuals after two to two-and-a-half years of age.
  • Extrapolation is used to estimate tiger numbers in similar but unsampled forests, combining Phase 1 sign and prey data with Phase 2 habitat models.

Government clarifies 90% of Aravalli region is protected under new Supreme Court-approved framework

  • The Centre asserted that "90 percent of the Aravalli region will remain 'protected'" under a framework approved by the Supreme Court to prevent large-scale mining.
  • A freeze on new mining leases is in place until a "Management Plan for Sustainable Mining is prepared for the entire landscape by the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)."
  • The new definition identifies an "Aravalli Hill" as "any landform in designated Aravalli districts with an elevation of 100 metres or more above its local relief."
  • An "Aravalli Range" is defined as a "collection of two or more such hills within 500 metres of each other."
  • According to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), "In the total area of 1.44 lakh square kilometres of the Aravalli, mining eligibility can only be in 0.19 per cent of the area."
  • The MoEFCC committee recommended prohibiting mining in "core and inviolate areas, including protected areas, eco-sensitive zones, tiger reserves, wetlands and areas close to such sites."
  • The Supreme Court, on November 20, 2025, accepted the recommendations of a committee to "standardise" the definition of Aravalli hills and ranges across Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, and Delhi.
  • The government has initiated the "'Green Aravalli' movement for the preservation of the mountain range" and committed to using technology like drones for monitoring.
  • Existing mines may continue operations only if they "strictly comply with sustainable mining norms" laid down by the committee.

Similar / Past Coverage

Supreme Court height-based definition sparks Aravalli mining fears (End of December)
  • The Supreme Court accepted a criterion that a landform with a rise of 100 metres from the surrounding ground qualifies as a hill or mountain.
  • The Aravalli range acts as a natural barrier against desertification, slows the eastward march of the Thar Desert, recharges groundwater, and moderates air pollution in the National Capital Region.
  • The Union government claims mining activity would be allowed in just 0.19 per cent of the Aravalli area and that nearly 90 per cent of the region remains fully protected.
Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill 2025 raises FDI limit to 100% (End of December)
  • The Union Cabinet approved the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025 to revamp India’s insurance framework.
  • The Bill raises the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit in Indian insurance companies from 74% to 100%.
  • It reduces the Net Owned Funds requirement for foreign reinsurers from Rs 5,000 crore to Rs 1,000 crore.
  • IRDAI gets enhanced enforcement powers, including authority to disgorge wrongful gains made by insurers or intermediaries.
  • LIC is empowered to set up new zonal offices without prior government approval and to align overseas operations with host-country laws.
Maharashtra Pagdi Redevelopment Framework: Floor Space Index (FSI)-based Rehabilitation for Tenants & Landlords (Mid of December)
  • Deputy chief minister Eknath Shinde announced a separate regulatory framework to phase out Mumbai’s pagdi system through transparent redevelopment.
  • Tenants will receive FSI equal to the area they occupy; landlords will receive the original FSI based on land ownership.
  • Incentive FSI will be granted for cost-free reconstruction of homes for economically weaker and low-income pagdi holders.
  • If height limits prevent full on-site use, remaining FSI will be provided as TDR (Transferable Development Rights).
  • Additional fast-track courts—subject to prior high court approval—will be set up to clear about 28,000 pending tenant-landlord disputes within three years.
Union Cabinet Clears Bill Allowing 100 Per Cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Insurance Sector (Mid of December)
  • The Union Cabinet approved a bill to raise Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the insurance sector to 100 per cent.
  • The proposed legislation is the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2025.
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the proposal in the Union Budget this year.
  • The insurance sector has attracted around Rs 82,000 crore in foreign investment.
  • The bill proposes amendments to the Insurance Act, 1938, allowing up to 100 per cent FDI.
  • It permits mergers between insurance and non-insurance companies.
  • The bill creates a dedicated policyholders’ fund.
  • A requirement mandates that at least one key management position, such as chairman, managing director or CEO, must be held by an Indian citizen.
  • Existing net worth requirements for insurers will remain unchanged.
  • Amendments are also proposed to the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) Act, 1956.
  • Changes to the LIC Act would empower its board to take operational decisions such as branch expansion and recruitment.
  • Amendments are also proposed to the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999.

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) researchers discover 47-million-year-old snake fossil in Gujarat

[Gujarat, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee)]

  • Along the Kutch coast, researchers unearthed fossils hinting at an ancient serpent, now estimated to be a mind-blowing 49 feet long and weighing nearly 1,000 kilograms.
  • For almost two decades, dedicated researchers from IIT Roorkee have meticulously studied these remains.
  • At a breathtaking 49 feet, it potentially takes the crown as the largest snake ever unearthed on Earth.
  • Early snakes, dating back over 160 million years, first emerged in the oceans.
  • Given the striking references to Vasuki Naag in Hindu scriptures, the scientific community has aptly named this newly identified serpent 'Vasuki'.

Similar / Past Coverage

Maharashtra grassland labyrinth hints at Indo-Roman trade links (End of December)
  • Archaeologists have discovered a remarkable circular stone labyrinth in the Boramani grasslands of Solapur, Maharashtra, identified as the largest of its kind ever recorded in India.
  • The labyrinth consists of 15 concentric stone circuits, each carved with meticulous precision.
  • The structure's patterns are reminiscent of those found on ancient Roman coins, suggesting possible connections to trade routes.
  • The site’s location along historic Indo-Roman trade routes points to potential cultural exchanges between ancient India and distant empires.
  • The discovery emerged when a wildlife NGO, monitoring Great Indian Bustards and local wolf populations, noticed the stone arrangement in the tall grass.
Ancient Thorny Bamboo Fossil from Manipur Reveals Ice Age Survival Strategies (End of November)
  • A 37,000-year-old fossilized bamboo stem, unearthed in Manipur, reveals early thorn evolution as a defense mechanism against Ice Age herbivores.
  • The fossil, found along the Chirang River in Manipur’s Imphal Valley, is the earliest known thorny bamboo in Asia and is assigned to the genus *Chimonobambusa*.
  • Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) analysed the fossil, with findings published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
  • This discovery highlights northeast India's role as a vital biodiversity refuge during climatic shifts, maintaining warm and humid microclimates as part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
  • Bamboo, particularly thorny varieties, responds sensitively to temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions, making it a reliable indicator of past environmental parameters and ecologically important in stabilising soil, supporting wildlife, and maintaining forest structure.
Scientists unveil Lycodon irwini, new wolf snake species on Great Nicobar Island (Start of December)
  • Scientists have unveiled Lycodon irwini, a new species of wolf snake discovered in Great Nicobar Island's dense forests.
  • The species is named in honor of Steve Irwin.
  • Lycodon irwini has an exceptionally slender body, dark-sheened serpent reaching around 1.2 metres in length.
  • It features a slim, elongated body, narrowing tail, smooth upper body with bluish black sheen, and underside ranging from black to brownish black.
  • The species is extremely rare with only four confirmed records, primarily from moist evergreen forest.
  • Lycodon irwini is restricted entirely to Great Nicobar Island.
  • Researchers recommend classifying the species as Endangered under IUCN guidelines due to its limited range and threats from habitat disturbance.
Wildlife Institute of India (WII) discovers 13 new bush frog species in Northeast India (Start of December)
  • A comprehensive five-year study by scientists at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) led to the discovery of 13 new amphibian species across Northeast India.
  • The study was based on extensive sampling across 81 localities in eight states, including 25 protected areas.
  • Of the 13 new bush frog species, six were found in Arunachal Pradesh, three in Meghalaya and one each in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland and Manipur.
  • The study integrates acoustic, genetic and morphological analyses, and re-examines century-old museum specimens from the Indo-Burma region.
  • Bush frogs bypass the tadpole stage entirely: their eggs hatch directly into froglets, making them independent of standing water and reliant on humid forest microhabitats.

OSL Dating Reveals Vaigai Flood Buried Keezhadi Settlement 1,155 Years Ago

  • Researchers from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and Tamil Nadu’s Department of Archaeology used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on four sediment samples from Keezhadi pits KDI-1 and KDI-2.
  • OSL ages span roughly the last 1,200 years and vary with depth, matching layered flood deposits.
  • The study concludes that burial of the urbanesque structures at Keezhadi likely happened a little over a thousand years ago—around 1,155 years before present—due to a high-energy flood event that deposited sands and then finer silts and clays on the floodplain.
  • Fine silty-clay layers sit over brick structures and coarse sand layers deeper down, with potsherd layers and fragments of roof tiles at some levels.

Similar / Past Coverage

Kuwait Launches First Geological Park to Showcase Rock Formations and Desert Landscapes (Start of December)
  • Kuwait has launched its first geological park as a public, educational and eco-tourism project designed to showcase the country’s rock formations, desert landscapes and natural heritage while supporting research, schools and sustainable tourism.
  • The GeoPark features outdoor geological trails, interpretive signage, interactive exhibits and a visitor centre to explain Kuwait’s Earth history and biodiversity.
  • The park includes diverse rock formations, important fossil sites, an Interactive Mineral Garden, educational trails, guided nature walks, workshops and sand injectite ground-surface features resembling the landscape of Mars.
  • The site preserves evidence of Neolithic communities and archaeological sites dating back over 10,000 years, including those linked to the ancient Ubaid civilization, and Kuwait's first oil exploration well, Bahra-1, drilled in 1936.
  • The project aligns with New Kuwait 2035 Vision and aims for inclusion in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (GGN), with Phase 1 developing 20 square kilometers and Phase 2 expanding to 1,000 square kilometers including planting over 300 native plant species like ghaf and acacia trees.
National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) Robots Unearth 10,000-Year-Old Pottery in Lake Biwa (Start of December)
  • Robotic sensors discovered a nearly intact pottery vessel more than 10,000 years old resting upright in the silt near Tsuzuraozaki underwater ruins.
  • The vessel measures about 25 centimeters tall with a tapering pointed base and engraved motifs characteristic of early Jomon craft traditions.
  • Specialists attribute the vessel to either the Jinguji-style or the Konami Upper-layer tradition between 11,000 and 10,500 years ago.
  • The survey used a next-generation 3-D scanning system with four synchronized cameras at 64 meters deep.
  • NMRI transformed deep-sea robotics including AUVs with high-resolution sonar into tools for inland archaeology.
  • Lake Biwa’s deep basins create still pockets with minimal sediment accumulation while tectonic activity keeps the lakebed exposed preserving objects.
Archaeologist Ravi Korisettar selected for Rajyotsava Award (Start of November)
  • Veteran archaeologist from Dharwad Ravindra Korisettar has been selected for the Rajyotsava Award.
  • Prof. Korisettar is a UGC Emeritus Fellow in the Department of History and Archaeology in Karnatak University of Dharwad.
  • His papers have been published in journals like Science (2007) and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of America.
Ancient Thorny Bamboo Fossil from Manipur Reveals Ice Age Survival Strategies (End of November)
  • A 37,000-year-old fossilized bamboo stem, unearthed in Manipur, reveals early thorn evolution as a defense mechanism against Ice Age herbivores.
  • The fossil, found along the Chirang River in Manipur’s Imphal Valley, is the earliest known thorny bamboo in Asia and is assigned to the genus *Chimonobambusa*.
  • Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) analysed the fossil, with findings published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
  • This discovery highlights northeast India's role as a vital biodiversity refuge during climatic shifts, maintaining warm and humid microclimates as part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
  • Bamboo, particularly thorny varieties, responds sensitively to temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions, making it a reliable indicator of past environmental parameters and ecologically important in stabilising soil, supporting wildlife, and maintaining forest structure.

VoxelGrids Builds India’s First Indigenous MRI Scanner

[Zoho]

  • VoxelGrids, a Zoho-backed start-up, has developed the country’s first indigenous MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner.
  • The machine, with a Magnetic Field Strength of 1.5 tesla, is not just a locally made version of MRIs from global giants like Siemens or GE HealthCare but comes with its own technological advancements.
  • VoxelGrids’ MRI scanners, due to the absence of liquid helium, are around 40 per cent cheaper to build.
  • The electronics around the magnet are extremely well-packaged while maintaining the same bore-size making it far more power efficient and reducing operating costs exponentially.
  • The scanner has been deployed at Chandrapur Cancer Care Foundation (CCCF) near Nagpur.
  • The company already has the capacity to make 20-25 such scanners per year at its Bengaluru manufacturing facility.

Similar / Past Coverage

Genesys International rolls out India’s first 3D subsurface mapping for Adani airports (Start of December)
  • Genesys International has rolled out India’s first 3D subsurface mapping solution.
  • The project includes the country’s first 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey for end-to-end detection and mapping of underground utilities.
  • Genesys will deploy advanced 3D GPR systems integrated with high-precision LiDAR technologies to deliver high-resolution 3D models.
Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) sanctions ₹7,280 Cr to build 6,000 TPA integrated rare-earth magnet capacity. (Start of December)
  • Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) allocates ₹6,450 Cr in sales-linked incentives and ₹750 Cr in capital subsidies for five beneficiaries (1,200 TPA each).
  • India currently imports ~100 % of its rare-earth magnet demand; imports stood at ~2.3 kilo tons in 2024 with ~65 % sourced from China.
  • Domestic rare-earth reserves are estimated at ~7 Mn Tons and are monazite-based, requiring radiological safeguards due to thorium content.
Cabinet clears Rs 7,280 cr rare earth magnet manufacturing scheme. (End of November)
  • The Union Cabinet cleared a Rs 7,280-crore incentive scheme to build domestic rare earth magnet capacity.
  • The program will run for seven years and aims to create 6,000 metric tons per annum capacity.
  • India will set up 5 units of 1,200 tons per annum capacity within three years.
  • The scheme focuses on integrated manufacturing facilities to reduce dependence on China.
IISc materials engineer wins Manohar Parrikar Yuva Scientist Award 2025 (Start of November)
  • Award recipient: Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan, associate professor of materials engineering at IISc Bengaluru
  • Research focus: leads a computational materials science group at IISc
  • Award details: third edition of Manohar Parrikar Yuva Scientist Award 2025; carries Rs 5 lakh cash prize and citation
  • Selection process: chosen from 50 applicants; 10 shortlisted for interview; final selection by expert committee headed by Anil Kakodkar
  • Presentation venue: award to be conferred at Manohar Parrikar Vigyan Mahotsav in December

Virat Kohli surpasses Michael Bevan to own List A average world record

  • Virat Kohli's career List A average has risen to 57.87, narrowly eclipsing Bevan's iconic mark of 57.86.
  • Kohli achieved this during his 77-run knock for Delhi against Gujarat in the Vijay Hazare Trophy at the BCCI Centre of Excellence in Bengaluru.
  • Kohli has become the fastest player in history to reach 16,000 List A runs, beating Sachin Tendulkar's previous record by a staggering 61 innings.

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Jasprit Bumrah becomes first Indian to take 100 wickets in all three formats (Mid of December)
  • Jasprit Bumrah has become the country’s first bowler to complete 100 wickets in Tests, ODIs, and T20Is.
  • He reached the milestone during the first T20I against South Africa at Barabati Stadium, Cuttack.
  • India defeated South Africa by 101 runs; India scored 175/6 and South Africa were all out for 74.
Virat Kohli surpasses Sachin Tendulkar for most ODI tons against South Africa (Start of December)
  • Virat Kohli recorded his 52nd ODI century against South Africa.
  • The match was held at the JSCA International Stadium in Ranchi.
  • Virat Kohli achieved 52 centuries in a single international format, surpassing Sachin Tendulkar's 51 Test centuries.
  • Virat Kohli now holds the record for most ODI centuries ever with 52.
  • Virat Kohli scored his 25th ODI century at home, the first player to reach this milestone.
  • Virat Kohli recorded his 6th ODI century against South Africa, the most by any batter, surpassing Sachin Tendulkar's 5.
  • Virat Kohli hit 218 sixes at number three across formats, surpassing Ricky Ponting's 217.
  • Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma shared a 136-run century partnership, their 20th in ODIs.
  • Virat Kohli became the batter with the most fifties (59) in ODIs in India, overtaking Sachin Tendulkar.
James Anderson receives knighthood for services to cricket (End of October)
  • James Anderson received his knighthood from Princess Anne at Windsor Castle on Tuesday.
  • He was awarded the accolade in former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s resignation honours list in April.
  • Anderson is England’s leading wicket-taker of all-time with 704 wickets in 188 Test appearances.
Yashasvi Jaiswal scores maiden ODI century to join elite list of Indians with tons in all formats (Start of December)
  • Yashasvi Jaiswal scored his maiden ODI century in 111 balls against South Africa in Visakhapatnam.
  • He becomes the sixth Indian to score centuries in all formats of men’s international cricket.
  • Jaiswal now has seven Test centuries, one T20I century, and one ODI century in his international career.

PV Sindhu elected chair of BWF Athletes’ Commission to serve as BWF Council Member

[Badminton World Federation (BWF)]

  • PV Sindhu was elected chair of the BWF Athletes’ Commission for the 2026-29 term.
  • She will also serve as a BWF Council Member, giving players a voice in governance.
  • Chan Ho Yuen Daniel of Hong Kong China elected to similar role in Para Badminton wing.

Similar / Past Coverage

Zheng/Huang defeats Kim/Jeong to win Paris 2024 Mixed Doubles Gold (End of December)
  • The Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Tour Finals 2025 will be held in Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, from 17-21 December 2025.
  • The series finale features the top eight eligible players or pairs in the BWF World Ranking across five categories including singles and doubles.
  • In the women's singles, World No.1 and Paris 2024 Olympic champion An Se Young is aiming for a record 11th title.
  • The 2025 world gold and silver medallists in men's singles, Shi Yu Qi of China and Thailand's Kunlavut Vitidsarn, are participants in the tournament.
  • In the Paris 2024 Mixed Doubles Finals, Zheng/Huang claimed the gold medal with a 2:0 victory over Kim/Jeong.
Gyaneshwari Yadav and Chandani Sahu receive Chhattisgarh’s top sports awards (Start of November)
  • Vice President C P Radhakrishnan presented the Gundadhur Samman to international weightlifter Gyaneshwari Yadav and the Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo Samman to archer Chandani Sahu.
  • Gyaneshwari Yadav secured fifth place in the World Weightlifting Championship held in Manama, Bahrain.
  • Chandani Sahu won a silver medal for Chhattisgarh in the team event at the 38th National Games and was part of the four-member Chhattisgarh team that won a bronze medal in the team archery event.
Jay Shah honoured with CNN-News18 Indian of the Year 2025 Award (End of November)
  • Jay Shah, Chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC), received the CNN-News18 Indian of the Year 2025 in the Outstanding Achievement category.
  • During his tenure as Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) honorary secretary from 2019-2024, he introduced the Women's Premier League (WPL) and implemented pay parity for women's teams.
  • India's women's cricket team, led by captain Harmanpreet Kaur and head coach Amol Muzumdar, won the Indian of the Year Award in the Sports category following their ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2025 victory.

Veer Bal Diwas observed on December 26

  • Veer Bal Diwas is observed every year on December 26 to remember and honour the extraordinary courage and supreme sacrifice of the four Sahibzadas, the sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced in 2022 that December 26 would be observed annually as Veer Bal Diwas.
  • The Ministry of Women and Child Development observes Veer Bal Diwas at the national level and confers the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar on the same day.

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National Farmers Day observed on December 23 (End of December)
  • National Farmers Day, also popularly known as Kisan Diwas, is observed on December 23.
  • The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Choudhary Charan Singh, India's 5th Prime Minister, who served from 1979–80.
  • Choudhary Charan Singh is widely remembered as the 'Champion of India’s Farmers' and the 'messiah of farmers'.
  • The observance honors farmers as the backbone of the nation and marks their contributions to the growth and progress of India’s economy.
  • The Indian government observed the previous National Farmers Day with the theme of 'Empowering ‘Annadatas’ for a Prosperous Nation'.
  • Shivraj Singh Chouhan serves as the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Chillai-Kalan begins on December 21 (End of December)
  • Chillai-Kalan is the 40-day harsh winter period in Kashmir that begins on December 21 every year and ends on January 31.
  • The local meteorological department has forecast moderate to heavy snowfall in the higher reaches of Kashmir during this period.
  • Chances of snowfall are maximum and most frequent during Chillai-Kalan, with temperatures dropping sharply across the Valley.
SSB Raising Day observed on December 20 (End of December)
  • Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Raising Day is observed on December 20 every year.
  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah extended greetings to SSB personnel and their families on the 62nd Raising Day of the force.
  • The SSB was raised in 1963 and has a strength of about 90,000 personnel under the Union home ministry.
Shaheedi Week 2025 observed from 21 to 29 December (End of December)
  • Shaheedi Week is observed every year in December to remember the great sacrifices (Shaheedi) made by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, Mata Gujri Ji, and the four Sahibzade.
  • Shaheedi Week 2025 is observed from 21 to 29 December.
  • The week teaches lessons of bravery, faith, truth, and standing against injustice.

International Day of Epidemic Preparedness observed on December 27

  • International Day of Epidemic Preparedness is observed annually on December 27.
  • The United Nations General Assembly officially designated this day in December 2020 through Resolution 75/27.
  • The initiative was spearheaded by Vietnam and supported by several other nations.
  • The first observance took place on December 27, 2020.

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International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers observed on December 17 (Mid of December)
  • International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers is observed annually on December 17.
  • The observance began in 2003 as a direct response to a tragedy in the United States.
  • It was inaugurated by Dr. Annie Sprinkle and the Sex Workers Outreach Project USA (SWOP-USA).
  • The first memorial vigil took place outside San Francisco City Hall, attended by fewer than 100 people.
  • The day focuses on the 'Red Umbrella,' which has become the international symbol for sex worker rights.
Integrated Health Information Platform for Near Real-time Disease Reporting (Start of December)
  • The Integrated Health Information Platform collects data from over 1.5 lakh health workers and facilities.
  • It enables near real-time reporting of diseases from all levels of healthcare including ANMs, primary health centres, district hospitals, and tertiary care centres.
  • The platform was started in the middle of the pandemic in 2021.
  • An AI component scans news articles in 13 different languages for mentions of unusual clusters of diseases.
  • The portal includes a section for community reporting of unusual health events by anyone.
National Pollution Control Day on December 2 (Start of December)
  • National Pollution Control Day is annually celebrated on December 2.
  • National Pollution Control Day is marked on December 2nd each year in India to honour the memory of those who lost their lives in the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy.
  • The Bhopal Gas Tragedy claimed the lives of at least 4,000 people when a pesticide facility owned by the American chemical corporation Union Carbide began to leak toxic methyl isocyanate gas into a populated area in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
Aviation Safety Awareness Week 2025 observed from November 24 to 28 (End of November)
  • Aviation Safety Awareness Week 2025 was observed from 24th to 28th November 2025.
  • The event is organised annually by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
  • Its purpose is to promote aviation safety awareness across all airports and Air Navigation Services locations managed by AAI.

150th Shree Baba Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan begins with shehnai, dhrupad, sitar-cello jugalbandi and folk vocals in Jalandhar

  • The 150th Shree Baba Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan got off to a warm start with mangal dhwani of shehnai from grounds of the Shri Devi Talab Mandir here today.
  • Arrangements have been made to accommodate 2,000 people in a 90 by 180 feet pandal, at the Shree Devi Talab Mandir grounds in Jalandhar, for the sangeet sammelan.
  • A 15-feet monument featuring a sitar, veena and tabla has been constructed as a tribute to Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan completing its 150 years at Doaba Chowk, closest to Devi Talab Mandir.
  • The sammelan is dedicated to the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib and also to Banaras Gharana virtuoso Pt Chhannulal Mishra who passed away earlier this year.

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Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam 2025 observed on December 6-7 (Start of December)
  • Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam 2025 is organised by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture, Sangeet Natak Academy and supported by Andhra Pradesh Tourism and the Department of Culture, Government of Andhra Pradesh.
  • The festival is held at Tummalapallivari Kshetrayya Kalakshetram in Vijayawada.
  • The theme for this edition is 'Celebrating the Richness of Telugu Music Traditions'.
  • A special dawn rendition of the Pancharatna Kritis will be presented at Durga Ghat on 7th December at 7 am.
Federal Bank Launches Bharat Surotsav: A Cultural Extravaganza (Mid of November)
  • Federal Bank has introduced its new cultural initiative, Bharat Surotsav, aimed at celebrating India's rich artistic heritage through an immersive dance and music festival.
  • The launch was graced by several dignitaries from the bank's regional headquarters.
  • The inaugural event is set for November 22 at the Madras Music Academy, featuring acclaimed artists like Padma Shri Shobana and the Carnatic-rock group Agam Band.
  • Federal Bank is offering a special 15% discount on tickets for its debit and credit cardholders.
  • MVS Murthy, Chief Marketing Officer at Federal Bank, emphasized the festival's role in blending finance with culture, fostering unity and pride among diverse audiences.
  • Each city in the Bharat Surotsav series will spotlight local cultural talents, enriching the community's connections with their unique heritage.
Celebrating India's Tribal Heritage: The 12th Samvad Conclave Kicks Off in Jamshedpur (Mid of November)
  • The 12th edition of Samvad conclave is a five-day event held at Gopal Maidan from November 15 to 19.
  • The conclave coincides with Jharkhand's 25th Statehood Day and the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.
  • It brings together 2,500 participants representing 153 tribes from 26 states and Union Territories.
  • Mornings are dedicated to dialogue across multiple venues, and evenings feature cultural performances at Gopal Maidan.
  • There are 51 outlets showcasing tribal handicrafts and 30 stalls for tribal healing practices.
  • The four key elements of the conclave are 'tribal cuisine, healers, handicrafts, samuday ka sath'.
Shramik Kalyan Divas: Cheques Presented for Excellence (End of November)
  • Union minister Sarbananda Sonowal participated in the Shramik Kalyan Divas (Workers’ Welfare Day) at Chabua in Dibrugarh on November 22.
  • The event commemorated the birth anniversary of Santosh Kumar Topno, a prominent leader from the tea garden community from Assam.
  • During the event, Sonowal presented cheques to individuals and institutions that have demonstrated excellence across various sectors, including education, healthcare, welfare of tea garden workers, and infrastructure development in tea garden areas.