📰 Daily Briefing Saturday, Mar 28

Daily Current Affairs: 28 March 2026

Analysis for 28 March 2026

Balendra Shah sworn in as Prime Minister of Nepal.

[Nepal]

Key Updates:

  • Balendra Shah took oath as Prime Minister of Nepal on 27 March 2026.
  • He leads the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) which won 182 of the 275 parliamentary seats in the 5 March 2026 election.
  • At 35, Shah becomes Nepal’s youngest Prime Minister and its first Madhesi premier.
  • President Ram Chandra Paudel administered the oath of office at the President House in Kathmandu.
  • Shah had earlier served as mayor of Kathmandu.
  • The election followed Gen Z-led anti-corruption protests in September that forced KP Sharma Oli to resign.

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Bhumika Shrestha becomes Nepal's first transgender lawmaker on March 5 (Mid of March)
  • Bhumika Shrestha has been confirmed as Nepal's first transgender lawmaker by the Election Commission.
  • She was elected as a proportional-representation Member of Parliament (MP) from the centrist Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP).
  • The election for the 275-member House of Representatives was held on March 5.
  • Bhumika Shrestha is a 37-year-old activist from Kathmandu who has been associated with the Blue Diamond Society.
  • She received the International Women of Courage Award in 2022 for her work in advancing LGBTQ+ rights and social justice.
  • She was one of the first individuals to travel internationally using a passport marked under the other gender category.
  • Her advocacy contributed to the recognition of a third gender category in official documents in Nepal.
Balen Shah frontrunner for Nepal Prime Minister after 2026 election (Start of March)
  • Balendra Shah, popularly known as Balen, is contesting for the post of prime minister after serving three years as the mayor of Kathmandu.
  • He resigned as Kathmandu's mayor in January to contest the Jhapa 5 seat in the Nepal elections 2026.
  • Balen Shah is 35 years old and is seen as the frontrunner for the prime minister’s post.
  • His party, the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), finished fourth in the 2022 general election and was ahead in 38 seats as per initial trends.
  • The RSP has promised to create 1.2 million jobs, curb forced migration, raise Nepal’s per capita income from $1,447 to $3,000, and double the country’s GDP to $100 billion within five years.
  • Balen Shah gained fame as a rapper; his 2020 track 'Balidan' has over 11 million YouTube views.
  • He pursued a master’s degree in structural engineering at Visvesvaraya Technological University in Karnataka.
Tarique Rahman sworn-in as Prime Minister of Bangladesh. (Mid of February)
  • Tarique Rahman took oath as Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 17 February at the South Plaza of the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • President Mohammed Shahabuddin administered the oath to Tarique Rahman and his initial cabinet.
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) won over 200 of the 300 seats in the 12 February parliamentary elections.
  • Om Birla, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (India), attended the ceremony and handed over Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s personal letter to Tarique Rahman.
  • Other foreign attendees included Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, Pakistan Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal, Nepal Foreign Minister Bala Nanda Sharma, Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu, Sri Lanka Health Minister Nalinda Jayatissa, and UK Indo-Pacific Under Secretary Seema Malhotra.
Nitish Kumar to contest Rajya Sabha elections from Bihar. (Start of March)
  • Nitish Kumar announced on March 5, 2026, that he will file nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha elections scheduled for March 16, 2026.
  • Kumar took oath as Chief Minister of Bihar for a record 10th time on November 20, 2025, following the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) victory in the 2025 Assembly elections.
  • If elected, Kumar will have served in all four legislative roles: MLA, MLC, Lok Sabha MP, and Rajya Sabha MP.
  • The Rajya Sabha elections will fill five vacancies from Bihar arising from the retirement of Harivansh Narayan Singh and Ram Nath Thakur of Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)), Prem Chand Gupta and Amarendra Dhari Singh of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), and Upendra Kushwaha of Rashtriya Lok Morcha.
  • Probable Chief Minister candidates from BJP include Deputy CMs Samrat Choudhary and Vijay Kumar Sinha, Industry Minister Dilip Jaiswal, and Digha MLA Sanjeev Chourasia.
  • JD(U) is likely to have two Deputy CMs: Vijay Kumar Choudhary and Nishant Kumar, son of Nitish Kumar.

Biruté Marija Filomena Galdikas Passes Away at 79

Key Updates:

  • Biruté Marija Filomena Galdikas, a pioneering Lithuanian-Canadian primatologist and conservationist, passed away on 24 March 2026 in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 79.
  • She was a leading authority on orangutans and established Camp Leakey in the Tanjung Puting Reserve, Indonesian Borneo, in 1971.
  • Dr. Galdikas earned her bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. degrees from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
  • She was mentored by the paleoanthropologist Dr. Louis Leakey, who also mentored Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey.
  • In 1986, she co-founded the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI), an organisation dedicated to protecting wild orangutans and their habitat.
  • She was the first person of non-Indonesian birth to receive the Kalpataru award, Indonesia's highest honour for environmental leadership, in June 1997.
  • Her autobiography, titled Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orangutans of Borneo, was published in 1995.

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Biren Singh Engti passed away at 81, former Union Minister and five-time Lok Sabha MP. (Mid of March)
  • Biren Singh Engti, veteran Congress leader and former Union Minister, died at the age of 81 in a private hospital in Guwahati.
  • He represented the Diphu constituency in Lok Sabha five times.
  • Engti served as chief executive member of the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council.
  • He served under the Rajiv Gandhi government.
  • Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and State Congress president Gaurav Gogoi condoled his death.
Scientists discover 200-million-year-old bipedal reptile species Sonselasuchus cedrus in USA (Start of March)
  • Paleontologists from the University of Washington (UW) and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture have identified a new ancient reptile species named Sonselasuchus cedrus.
  • The species belongs to the shuvosaurid group and existed during the Late Triassic period, approximately 225 to 201 million years ago.
  • Fossils of the reptile were discovered in the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona, United States (US), with nearly 950 specimens recovered since 2014.
  • Sonselasuchus cedrus stood approximately 25 inches tall and featured a toothless beak, large eye sockets, and hollow bones.
  • The creature exhibited bipedalism, transitioning from walking on four legs to two legs as its hind legs grew longer and stronger with age.
  • The discovery indicates that traits such as bipedalism and toothless beaks, typically associated with ornithomimid dinosaurs, also evolved independently within the crocodilian lineage.
Hugh Gantzer, Renowned Travel Writer and Padma Shri Recipient, Passes Away at 95 (Start of February)
  • Hugh Gantzer, a veteran travel writer and former Commander in the Indian Navy, passed away at the age of 95 in Mussoorie.
  • Hugh and his late wife Colleen Gantzer were jointly awarded the Padma Shri in 2025 for their extensive contributions to travel literature.
  • The duo authored approximately 3,000 articles and a dozen books, including a 1974 work on Kerala commissioned by the Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC).
  • They hosted the popular 1980s television series titled Looking Beyond With Hugh & Colleen Gantzer on Doordarshan.
  • The couple wrote a series of mystery thrillers under the pseudonym Shyam Dave, which are considered among the first English-language thrillers written in India.
  • Hugh Gantzer was the founder of the Save Mussoorie Society and the Surahit Himalaya, through which he campaigned against limestone quarrying and unregulated development.
  • His notable literary works include Mussoorie’s Mythhistory, a book containing 12 stories that blended the history of the hill station with fiction.
  • Hugh Gantzer was laid to rest at the Camel’s Back Cemetery in Mussoorie.
Uppsala University (UU) researchers reconstruct woolly rhinoceros genome from tissue found in mummified wolf pup (Mid of January)
  • Researchers found a chunk of meat from a woolly rhinoceros — a creature similar in size to modern white rhinoceros, but with a shaggy coat of hair — preserved inside the stomach of one of the pups.
  • DNA from that flesh and fur survived beneath the Siberian ice for more than 14,000 years, enabling scientists to sequence the entire genome.
  • The woolly rhinoceros in question died some 14,400 years ago, just a few hundred years before the species disappeared from the fossil record.
  • Chacón-Duque and his colleagues at Uppsala University (UU) found no evidence of inbreeding or harmful mutations that would have doomed the population — it seemed to be healthy.
  • The study authors think the newly sequenced DNA provides evidence that climate change was the driving factor behind the extinction of the woolly rhinoceros.
  • The puppies, both females, were likely littermates: They were found within about 6 feet of each another and shared some DNA characteristics.
  • They died at a fairly young age — at about nine weeks, according to researchers at the University of York (UY).

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) releases Payments Vision 2028 themed 'Shaping India’s Payment Frontier'.

[Reserve Bank of India]

Key Updates:

  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released Payments Vision 2028 on 27 March 2026.
  • Vision 2028 targets full interoperability across Trade Receivables Discounting Systems (TReDS) and expands receivables financing to export MSMEs.
  • Payments Switching Service (PaSS) is proposed to let customers migrate payment instructions when switching bank accounts.
  • RBI plans an enable/disable facility for all digital payment modes and a shared liability framework covering issuer and beneficiary banks for unauthorised transactions.
  • Cyber Key Risk Indicators (KRI) framework will be introduced for non-bank Payment System Operators.
  • Cheque design and security standards will be reviewed and electronic cheques will be explored.
  • Single-window authorisation under Payment and Settlement Systems Act and FEMA is being examined for cross-border payments.
  • Small Payment System Providers (SPSPs) will be recognised under a perpetual regulatory sandbox.

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Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) launches Blockchain India Challenge (End of February)
  • S. Krishnan, Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), launched the Blockchain India Challenge on 23 February 2026 at the MeitY headquarters in New Delhi.
  • The initiative is implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) to encourage Indian startups to develop permissioned blockchain-based solutions for government use cases.
  • The challenge focuses on ten primary domains: e-procurement, supply chain management, public distribution systems, education, healthcare, agriculture, power, IoT-enabled governance, land records, and sustainability.
  • Startups recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) will receive stage-wise financial support to develop ten impactful blockchain-based use cases.
  • The programme aims to integrate a cryptographic trust layer into India's existing Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to ensure transparency, auditability, and tamper-proof record management.
  • The initiative specifically promotes permissioned blockchain architectures rather than public, permissionless systems to preserve regulatory oversight and sovereign control.
  • The launch followed the India AI Impact Summit held in New Delhi, where policymakers deliberated on sovereign compute and foundational models.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Authorises CRED as Payment Aggregator (Mid of March)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted final authorisation to CRED (Dreamplug Paytech Solutions Private Limited) to operate as a payment aggregator.
  • The license enables the Bengaluru-based fintech firm to onboard merchants, collect payments on their behalf across instruments, and handle settlements and refunds.
  • CRED and its subsidiaries now hold two RBI authorisations, including the Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) license.
  • The company reported a 16 per cent growth in consolidated operating revenue to ₹2,735 crore in the financial year 2024-25 (FY25).
  • Operating losses for the firm reduced to ₹298 crore in FY25 from ₹609 crore in the previous financial year (FY24).
  • The fintech platform, founded by Kunal Shah, currently maintains a member base of over 1.5 crore.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to compensate ₹25,000 for small digital fraud losses. (Start of February)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will compensate customers up to ₹25,000 or 85% of the loss, whichever is lower, for small-value digital frauds.
  • The compensation is a one-time relief and applies to frauds below ₹50,000 which account for nearly 65% of fraud cases in number terms.
  • Under the proposed structure, 15% of the loss will be borne by the customer, 15% by the bank, and the remaining by RBI.
  • RBI is reviewing its 2017 framework on customer liability in unauthorised electronic banking transactions and will issue draft revised instructions shortly.
  • RBI will issue guidelines for enhanced authentication for senior citizens and calibrated safeguards in digital payments including lagged credits.
  • RBI will issue comprehensive instructions to banks and non-bank lenders on advertising, marketing and sale of financial products to prevent mis-selling.
  • RBI will release harmonised guidelines on loan recovery practices and norms governing engagement of recovery agents for borrower protection.
MeitY launches Blockchain India Challenge to build permissioned blockchain platforms for transparent governance (End of February)
  • The Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) launched the Blockchain India Challenge on 23 February 2026 at MeitY headquarters in New Delhi.
  • The initiative is implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) with MeitY’s support.
  • The Challenge targets DPIIT-recognised startups to co-create with government departments ten blockchain use cases across ten categories: e-procurement, supply chain management, public distribution systems, education, healthcare, agriculture, power, IoT-enabled governance, land records, and sustainability.
  • Startups will receive stage-wise financial support to develop deployable permissioned blockchain solutions that ensure transparency, auditability, and tamper-proof record management.
  • Applications are open through the official C-DAC portal with guidelines on eligibility, intellectual property rights, and use-case collaboration frameworks.

Study documents 39 medicinal plants used by Sonowal Kachari tribe in Assam.

Key Updates:

  • Researchers from Nagaland University and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Dibrugarh, identified 39 plants used by the Sonowal Kachari community in Lakhimpur district, Assam, for treating ailments like fever, dysentery, cough, skin diseases, stomach disorders and arthritis.
  • The study was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 180 tribal elders aged 50 years and above between April 2022 and November 2023.
  • Commonly used plants include Acorus calamus for cough and fever, Aegle marmelos (bael) for dysentery, Aloe vera for burns and skin diseases, Azadirachta indica (neem) for infections, and Bryophyllum pinnatum for kidney stones.
  • Leaves were the most frequently used plant part, followed by roots, fruits and flowers; most plants were herbs, with others being trees, climbers and shrubs.
  • The findings were published in the Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine.

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Botanical Survey of India (BSI) rediscovers Henckelia monophylla in Arunachal Pradesh after 189 years (Mid of March)
  • Botanical Survey of India (BSI) scientists rediscovered Henckelia monophylla during a field survey in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Henckelia monophylla, a Gesneriaceae family perennial herb, had not been documented since the early 19th century.
  • Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu congratulated the BSI team and highlighted the state's extraordinary biodiversity.
New wild kiwi species Actinidia indica discovered in Arunachal Pradesh (End of March)
  • A new species of wild kiwi, Actinidia indica, has been discovered in the Lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh.
  • The species was recorded at an elevation of approximately 1,725 metres along forest edges in the Eastern Himalayan region.
  • The plant is a perennial climbing shrub that grows between 2 to 4 metres in height and features densely hairy young branches.
  • It is characterised by large ovate leaves, white to creamy flowers, and globose, olive-green fruits with a distinct reticulate lenticel pattern.
  • The discovery adds to the global diversity of the Actinidia genus, which includes various kiwi fruit species found across the world.
New Flowering Plant Species Impatiens nagorum Discovered in Nagaland (End of February)
  • Botanists discovered a new flowering plant species named Impatiens nagorum in the Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Kiphire district of Nagaland.
  • The research was conducted by experts from Kohima Science College, Nagaland University, University of Warsaw, and the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).
  • The new species was formally described in the international journal Phytotaxa.
  • Impatiens nagorum belongs to the genus Impatiens, commonly referred to as balsams or touch-me-nots, known for seed pods that burst open when touched.
  • The plant was found at an elevation of 2,336 metres within moist temperate broadleaf forests and is currently known only from its type locality.
  • The species grows up to 35 cm tall, features purple flowers, serrated leaves, and a lower sepal that tapers into a hooked spur.
  • The specific epithet nagorum honours the indigenous Naga tribes of Nagaland.
  • A population of approximately 20 individuals was recorded, suggesting the species is rare and potentially vulnerable.
World Wildlife Day 2026 highlights medicinal plants amid rising global demand (Start of March)
  • World Wildlife Day is observed annually on 3 March and in 2026 focuses on medicinal and aromatic plants.
  • Danna J. Leaman, outgoing co-chair of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), stated that plants are critical for ecosystems and economies.
  • Around 30,000 plant species are documented as medicinal or aromatic based on published evidence and trade data.
  • The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) recognises that many species in international trade are plants.
  • Nardostachys jatamansi, a Himalayan herb used in Ayurveda and valued for its aromatic roots, is listed as critically endangered on IUCN’s Red List.
  • The species grows in high-altitude regions of Nepal, India and China, and harvesting its root usually kills the plant.
  • Nepal has imposed trade restrictions on wild Nardostachys jatamansi to promote conservation while affecting rural livelihoods dependent on its harvest.

Delhi High Court dismisses second wife’s claim to family pension under Pension Regulations for the Army, 1961.

[Delhi High Court]

Key Updates:

  • Delhi High Court Division Bench of Justice V. Kameswar Rao and Justice Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora ruled that a void second marriage does not become valid after the first wife’s death.
  • The Court held that family pension under Pension Regulations for the Army, 1961 is payable only to the legally wedded widow.
  • The petitioner had married Late Sepoy Udey Singh between 1970 and 1980 while his first wife Smt. Satwati Devi was alive, rendering the marriage void under Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
  • The first wife Smt. Satwati Devi died on 13.05.2012, but the Court held that her death does not validate the petitioner’s void marriage.
  • The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) Principal Bench had earlier rejected the petitioner’s family pension claim through order dated 27.11.2025.
  • The Court distinguished the Supreme Court’s Shriramabai judgment, noting that in the present case the first marriage was never dissolved by divorce.
  • The Court confirmed that children from the void marriage were once eligible for family pension but are no longer eligible as they are now adults and married.
  • The writ petition W.P.(C) 2333/2026 was dismissed by the Delhi High Court on 18.02.2026.

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Supreme Court (SC) ruling on maternity leave for adoptive mothers on March 17, 2026 (Mid of March)
  • The Supreme Court (SC) ruled that all adoptive mothers are entitled to 12 weeks of maternity leave, regardless of the age of the adopted child.
  • A bench comprising Justice J B Pardiwala and Justice R Mahadevan read down Section 60(4) of The Code on Social Security-2020.
  • The SC held that the previous provision limiting maternity leave to children adopted below the age of three months violated Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India.
  • The court urged the Central Government to introduce provisions recognising paternity leave as a social security benefit.
  • The ruling established that maternity protection is a basic human right associated with the process of motherhood rather than just childbirth.
  • The judgment stated that adoption is an exercise of reproductive and decisional autonomy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma rules wife's earning capacity cannot be presumed for interim maintenance. (Start of January)
  • Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma of the Delhi High Court enhanced a woman's interim maintenance from ₹2,500 to ₹3,500 per month.
  • The court held that a wife cannot be presumed to be earning or capable of maintaining herself without prima facie evidence.
  • The husband's claim that the woman worked as a nursery teacher was rejected for lack of documented proof.
  • The court assessed the husband's income on the basis of minimum wages for a graduate skilled worker in Uttar Pradesh.
Supreme Court clarifies OBC creamy layer criterion for PSU and private sector employees (Mid of March)
  • The Supreme Court ruled that income alone cannot be the sole criterion to determine the creamy layer among Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
  • The Bench of Justice PS Narasimha and Justice R Mahadevan held that treating children of PSU and private sector employees as excluded from OBC reservation based only on salary income leads to hostile discrimination.
  • The court set aside the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) clarification of 14 October 2004 that included salary income of PSU and private sector employees for creamy layer determination.
  • The Supreme Court directed creation of supernumerary posts to accommodate candidates who satisfy the revised non-creamy layer criteria, subject to eligibility conditions.
Allahabad HC clarifies wife’s degrees no ground to deny maintenance under Section 125 CrPC (Mid of January)
  • Allahabad High Court ruled that a wife cannot be denied maintenance solely because she is highly educated or holds professional qualifications.
  • The court set aside the family court’s order that had rejected the woman’s maintenance plea on the basis of her educational background.
  • The High Court emphasized that potential to earn is not the same as actual earning, and many educated women are unable to work due to household responsibilities.
  • The case has been sent back to the Family Court in Bulandshahr to pass a fresh, well-reasoned order within one month.

Sushila Karki Retired as Nepal's First Woman Prime Minister.

[Nepal]

Key Updates:

  • Sushila Karki served as Nepal's interim Prime Minister after the 2025 anti-corruption protests that toppled the government.
  • She assumed office at the request of the Gen Z protest movement and left after guiding the nation to elections.
  • During her tenure, a commission she established recommended prosecuting her predecessor KP Sharma Oli for the protest violence.
  • Balendra Shah, a 35-year-old rapper, succeeded her as Prime Minister following the March 5 vote.
  • Karki had earlier served as Chief Justice of Nepal from 2016 to 2017 and was the country's first female chief justice.
  • In 2012, she was part of the Supreme Court bench that jailed a serving government minister for corruption, a first in Nepal.

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Sunetra Pawar set to become Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister. (End of January)
  • Sunetra Pawar, wife of late Ajit Pawar, is set to take oath as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
  • The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) will hold a legislature party meeting at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai to finalise her position as legislature party leader.
  • If appointed, Sunetra Pawar will become the first woman Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
  • Sunetra Pawar is currently a Rajya Sabha MP and not a member of either house of the Maharashtra legislature.
  • Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis stated that the BJP will support any decision taken by the NCP regarding the Deputy Chief Minister post.
  • Ajit Pawar, former Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra, died in a plane crash near Baramati airport in Pune district.
Bhumika Shrestha becomes Nepal's first transgender lawmaker on March 5 (Mid of March)
  • Bhumika Shrestha has been confirmed as Nepal's first transgender lawmaker by the Election Commission.
  • She was elected as a proportional-representation Member of Parliament (MP) from the centrist Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP).
  • The election for the 275-member House of Representatives was held on March 5.
  • Bhumika Shrestha is a 37-year-old activist from Kathmandu who has been associated with the Blue Diamond Society.
  • She received the International Women of Courage Award in 2022 for her work in advancing LGBTQ+ rights and social justice.
  • She was one of the first individuals to travel internationally using a passport marked under the other gender category.
  • Her advocacy contributed to the recognition of a third gender category in official documents in Nepal.
Balen Shah frontrunner for Nepal Prime Minister after 2026 election (Start of March)
  • Balendra Shah, popularly known as Balen, is contesting for the post of prime minister after serving three years as the mayor of Kathmandu.
  • He resigned as Kathmandu's mayor in January to contest the Jhapa 5 seat in the Nepal elections 2026.
  • Balen Shah is 35 years old and is seen as the frontrunner for the prime minister’s post.
  • His party, the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), finished fourth in the 2022 general election and was ahead in 38 seats as per initial trends.
  • The RSP has promised to create 1.2 million jobs, curb forced migration, raise Nepal’s per capita income from $1,447 to $3,000, and double the country’s GDP to $100 billion within five years.
  • Balen Shah gained fame as a rapper; his 2020 track 'Balidan' has over 11 million YouTube views.
  • He pursued a master’s degree in structural engineering at Visvesvaraya Technological University in Karnataka.
Shaya Mohsen Zindani appointed as Prime Minister of Yemen (Mid of January)
  • Shaya Mohsen Zindani, the foreign minister, has been appointed as the new Prime Minister of Yemen.
  • He replaces Salem bin Breik, who tendered his resignation accepted by the Saudi-backed Presidential Leadership Council.
  • Zindani has been tasked to form a new cabinet.

S&P Global Ratings (S&P) raises India GDP growth forecast to 7.1% for FY27

[Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India]

Key Updates:

  • S&P Global Ratings (S&P) revised India’s GDP growth forecast upward by 40 basis points to 7.1% for FY27.
  • India recorded 7.8% GDP growth in the October–December quarter.
  • S&P’s FY26 projection for India stands at 7.6%.
  • S&P assumes Brent crude at $80 per barrel in 2026, up from about $65 per barrel at end-2025.
  • In a downside scenario, S&P warns crude could spike to $200 per barrel if Middle East conflict escalates.
  • A moderate stress scenario of $130 per barrel could shave 50–70 basis points off Asia-Pacific growth.
  • S&P cites India’s technology services, data centre infrastructure, and AI-linked investments as key growth drivers.

Similar Coverage

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) revises GDP base year to 2022-23 and lifts FY26 growth estimate to 7.6% (Start of March)
  • India’s Q3 FY26 GDP growth slowed to 7.8% from the preceding quarter’s 8.4%.
  • The new GDP series uses 2022-23 as its base year, replacing the earlier 2011-12 series.
  • MoSPI’s second advance estimate pegs FY26 GDP growth at 7.6%, up from the first advance estimate of 7.4%.
  • Manufacturing posted double-digit growth in FY2023-24 and FY2025-26.
  • The ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels, Transport, Communication & Services related to Broadcasting and Storage’ segment grew 10.1% in FY2025-26.
  • Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) each rose over 7% in FY2025-26.
  • The series adopts double deflation for agriculture and manufacturing to improve real value-added measurement.
  • Proportional Denton Benchmarking replaces the pro-rata method for quarterly national accounts to align quarterly and annual estimates.
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) revises India GDP growth to 7.8% for Q3 FY26 and raises FY26 estimate to 7.6% (Start of March)
  • India’s GDP growth slowed to 7.8% in Q3 FY26 from 8.4% in Q2 FY26 but exceeded ET poll estimate of 7.4%.
  • GDP growth for FY26 has been revised upwards to 7.6% from the earlier first advance estimate of 7.4%.
  • The new GDP series uses 2022-23 as the base year, replacing the previous 2011-12 series.
  • Manufacturing sector recorded double-digit growth in FY2023-24 and FY2025-26.
  • The ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels, Transport, Communication & Services related to Broadcasting and Storage’ segment grew by 10.1% in FY2025-26.
  • Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) both grew by more than 7% in FY2025-26.
  • The GDP series now incorporates double deflation for agriculture and manufacturing sectors.
  • The Proportional Denton Benchmarking method has been adopted for aligning quarterly and annual GDP estimates.
ICRA projects India’s GDP growth to moderate to 7.2% in Q3 FY26 (End of February)
  • ICRA forecasts India’s YoY GDP growth at 7.2% in Q3 FY2025-26, down from 8.2% in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • Services GVA growth eased to 7.8% in Q3 FY2025-26 from 9.2% in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • Agriculture GVA growth slowed to 3.0% in Q3 FY2025-26 from 3.5% in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • Industrial sector GVA hit a six-quarter high of 8.3% in Q3 FY2025-26 versus 7.7% in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • Government of India’s gross capital expenditure contracted 23.4% YoY in Q3 FY2025-26 after 40.0% YoY growth in H1 FY2025-26.
  • GoI’s gross capex fell to Rs. 2.1 trillion in Q3 FY2025-26 from Rs. 3.1 trillion in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • Combined Central and state non-interest revenue expenditure rose marginally by 0.3% YoY in Q3 FY2025-26 against a 0.6% decline in Q2 FY2025-26.
  • India’s services exports growth slowed to a seven-quarter low of 7.5% YoY in Q3 FY2025-26 at USD 111.2 billion.
India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) projects India GDP growth at 6.9% for FY27 (Start of January)
  • India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) forecasts real GDP growth of 6.9% in FY27.
  • Ind-Ra expects retail inflation to average 3.8% in FY27.
  • Union government debt as a percentage of GDP is projected to decline to 55.5% in FY27 from an estimated 56.3% in FY26.
  • Ind-Ra anticipates the Indian Rupee to average 92.26 against the US dollar in FY27, compared with 88.64 in FY26.
  • Ind-Ra estimates total budget size to rise to Rs 52 lakh crore in FY27 from the budgeted Rs 50 lakh crore in FY26.
  • Tax revenue is expected to fall short by Rs 2 lakh crore in FY26, to be offset through higher non-tax revenue and slightly lower capex.
  • Fiscal deficit for FY26 is retained at the budgeted 4.4% of GDP, amounting to Rs 15.69 lakh crore in absolute terms.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Projects India GDP Growth at 7.6% for FY26

[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]

Key Updates:

  • The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) projected India’s economy to expand by 7.6% in the fiscal year (FY) 2025-26.
  • The OECD expects India's growth to moderate to 6.1% in FY 2026-27 and reach 6.4% in FY 2027-28.
  • Inflation in India is projected to rise from 2% in FY 2025-26 to 5.1% in FY 2026-27, then ease to 4.1% in FY 2027-28.
  • The OECD indicated that India might need to raise policy rates temporarily in the second quarter of 2026 to manage inflationary pressures.
  • Global economic growth is forecast to soften to 2.9% in 2026 and improve slightly to 3% in 2027.
  • The report highlighted that United States (US) bilateral tariff rates for several emerging economies, including India, have declined following a US Supreme Court ruling against levies under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
  • The OECD warned that disruption of shipments through the Strait of Hormuz and damage to energy infrastructure have triggered a surge in energy prices and affected the global supply of commodities.
  • Gas rationing and the fading of fiscal support were identified as factors that could contribute to the easing of India's growth from the 7.6% projected for FY 2025-26.

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Moody's Projects India Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth at 6.4% for FY27 (Mid of February)
  • Moody's (Moody's) forecasts India's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will grow by 6.4% in Fiscal Year 2026-27 (FY27).
  • India is expected to record the fastest growth pace among the Group of Twenty (G-20) economies according to the ratings agency.
  • The Economic Survey 2026 projects India's real GDP expansion to range between 6.8% and 7.2% for FY27.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised its growth projections for FY27 to 6.9% for the first quarter and 7.0% for the second quarter.
  • Structural reforms including the rationalisation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and income tax reductions are expected to boost domestic consumption.
  • A trade agreement reached between India and the United States (US) in February 2026 is anticipated to improve conditions for export-linked Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
International Monetary Fund (IMF) revises India’s FY 2025-26 growth forecast to 7.3% (Mid of January)
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised India’s 2025 growth projection by 0.7 percentage point to 7.3% from 6.6% in October 2025.
  • IMF lifted India’s 2026 growth estimate to 6.4% from 6.2%.
  • World Bank pegs India’s FY2026 growth at 7.2%, an upward revision of 0.9 percentage points.
  • Government estimates India’s GDP growth at 7.4% for FY 2025-26, up from 6.5% last FY.
  • IMF projects global growth at 3.3% for 2026 and 3.2% for 2027.
  • IMF forecasts US growth at 2.4% in 2026, Euro area at 1.3% in 2026 and 1.4% in 2027, China at 4.5% in 2026 and 4.0% in 2027.
  • Global headline inflation seen easing to 3.8% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027 from 4.1% in 2025.
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) projects India’s real GDP growth at 7.4% for FY26. (Mid of January)
  • MoSPI’s First Advance Estimates place FY26 real GDP growth at 7.4%, up from 6.5% in FY25.
  • Nominal GDP growth for FY26 is estimated at 8.0%.
  • Real gross value added (GVA) is projected to rise 7.3% in FY26, with the services sector identified as the key growth engine.
  • Private consumption growth eased to 7% YoY in FY25 versus 7.2% in the previous fiscal.
  • Manufacturing GVA growth is estimated at 7% and Financial, Real Estate & Professional Services plus Public Administration, Defence & Other Services are estimated to grow 9.9% at constant prices in FY26.
  • Agriculture and allied sector GVA growth is pegged at 3.1% while Electricity, Gas, Water Supply & Other Utility Services GVA growth is moderate at 2.1% in FY26.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had forecasted FY26 GDP growth at 7.3% in its December MPC meeting.
  • CRISIL revised its FY26 GDP growth forecast to 7% after Q2 FY26 data showed 8.2% growth, the fastest in six quarters.
  • India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra) pegs FY26 real GDP growth at 7.4% and nominal GDP growth at 9%.
  • Bank of Baroda projects FY26 GDP growth in the 7.4%-7.6% range, noting risks from decelerating exports to the US.
  • SBI Capital Markets expects FY26 real GDP growth to exceed 7% and nominal GDP growth at around 8.5% y/y.
  • Acuité Ratings & Research revised FY26 GDP growth estimate to 7.2% from 6.6% after Q2 data.
  • The Second Advance Estimates of GDP for FY26 will be released on 27 February 2026 and will incorporate a base revision to 2022-23.
Government of India (GoI) Projects 7.4% GDP Growth for FY26 (Start of January)
  • The Government of India (GoI) projects the real GDP growth at 7.4% for fiscal year 2025–26, exceeding the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) expectation of 7.3%.
  • Nominal GDP growth is estimated at 8% for the current fiscal year, compared to 9.7% recorded in the previous year.
  • India’s GDP growth accelerated to a six-quarter high of 8.2% in the second quarter of FY26, following a 7.8% expansion in the April–June quarter.
  • Real Gross Value Added (GVA) is expected to expand by 7.3% in FY26, an increase from 6.4% in FY25.
  • Nominal GVA is projected to grow at 7.7% in the current fiscal, down from the 9.3% growth recorded in the previous financial year.
  • Government spending is estimated to rise by 5.2% in fiscal 2025-26, compared to a 2.3% increase in the previous year.
  • Manufacturing and construction sectors are both estimated to achieve a growth rate of 7.0% at constant prices in FY 2025-26.
  • The agriculture and allied sector is estimated to grow by 3.1% during FY26, down from the 4.6% growth witnessed in FY24.

Central Government reduces excise duty on petrol and diesel by ₹10 per litre each and imposes export duties on diesel and ATF.

Key Updates:

  • Central excise duty on petrol and diesel for domestic consumption reduced by ₹10 per litre each on 26 March 2026.
  • Export duty on diesel set at ₹21.5 per litre and on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) at ₹29.5 per litre.
  • International crude price rose from around $70 per barrel to about $122 per barrel in the past month.
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated the changes were notified to Parliament.
  • Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri noted global fuel price increases of 20-50 per cent across regions.
  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said India is engaging global partners to ensure stable energy supplies amid the West Asia crisis.
  • Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal stated the measures prioritise domestic supply and stabilise the economy.
  • Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw indicated the government absorbed fiscal pressure to shield poor and middle-income families.
  • Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah described the duty reduction as consumer-focused relief during global fuel shortages.

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Ethanol Blending Programme Mandates 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol with Minimum RON 95 from April 2026 (End of February)
  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) has mandated the sale of petrol with up to 20 per cent ethanol and a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95 across all states and Union Territories from April 1, 2026.
  • The mandate requires oil companies to sell ethanol-blended motor spirit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications.
  • The central government may allow exceptions to this mandate for specific regions, limited timeframes, or special situations.
  • Ethanol for the programme is produced domestically from renewable sources such as sugarcane, maize, and agricultural grain surplus.
  • The policy aims to reduce national oil imports, lower carbon emissions, and support farmers by boosting demand for agricultural produce.
  • A minimum RON of 95 is required to prevent engine knocking, which is the uneven burning of fuel that causes power loss and potential engine damage.
  • Ethanol naturally possesses a high octane value of approximately 108 RON, which increases the knock resistance of the fuel blend.
  • The target for 20 per cent ethanol blending was advanced to 2025-26 from the original 2030 deadline after India achieved 10 per cent blending in June 2022.
  • India has saved more than ₹1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange through petrol substitution since the 2014-15 period.
SAKSHAM 2026 launched to promote petroleum and natural gas conservation. (Start of February)
  • SAKSHAM 2026 is a fortnight-long awareness campaign organised by the oil industry.
  • The campaign commenced on 1 February 2026 in Chandigarh.
  • Punjab Governor Gulab Chand Kataria inaugurated the campaign and emphasised conserving petroleum and natural gas.
  • Finance Secretary Diprava Lakra underlined the role of individuals and industries in adopting fuel-saving practices.
  • State-level coordinators from major oil companies outlined activities for transport and agriculture sectors.
  • Awareness activities include street plays, pledges, and mobile vans across Punjab and Chandigarh.
International Energy Agency (IEA) authorises release of 400 million barrels of oil from strategic reserves (Mid of March)
  • The International Energy Agency (IEA) has agreed to release 400 million barrels of oil from its members’ strategic reserves to counter soaring global energy prices.
  • This emergency collective action is significantly larger than the 182 million barrels of oil released by IEA member countries in 2022.
  • IEA member countries currently hold more than 1.2 billion barrels of emergency oil stocks and 600 million barrels of industry stocks held under government obligation.
  • The United Kingdom (UK) will contribute 13.5 million barrels of oil to the collective release.
  • South Korea has announced a contribution of 22.46 million barrels of oil from its strategic reserves.
  • Germany, Austria, and Japan have also committed to releasing parts of their oil reserves following the IEA request.
  • International benchmark Brent crude oil prices surged by more than 25 percent since 28 February 2026, reaching a peak of $119 per barrel.
  • The IEA reserves were established in 1974 following the Arab oil embargo to respond to global oil supply disruptions.
Philippines Declares National Energy Emergency Following Iran Conflict and Global Fuel Price Surge (End of March)
  • Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declared a state of national energy emergency in response to the war in Iran and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
  • The Philippines, which imports 98% of its oil from the Gulf, became the first country to declare an energy emergency after domestic fuel prices doubled since 28 February.
  • The government will procure one million barrels of oil to supplement the current national stock, which is estimated to last for 45 days.
  • The emergency declaration will remain in place for one year, granting the government legal authority to directly purchase petroleum products and oversee the distribution of fuel, food, and medicines.
  • Philippine Ambassador to the United States (US) Jose Manuel Romualdez stated that Manila is coordinating with the US to secure exemptions for importing oil from sanctioned countries.
  • Energy Secretary Sharon Garin announced that the country will temporarily increase reliance on coal-fired power plants to address the high costs of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
  • The government has implemented fuel-saving measures including a four-day work week for civil servants, reduced ferry services, and subsidies for transport drivers.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) lowers India’s FY27 GDP growth forecast to 6.1%

[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]

Key Updates:

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reduced India’s FY27 growth forecast to 6.1% from 6.2%.
  • India’s FY28 growth projection remains unchanged at 6.4%.
  • India’s GDP is officially estimated to grow 7.6% in FY26.
  • India will remain the fastest-growing economy ahead of China (4.4%), United States (2%), Japan (0.9%), and United Kingdom (0.7%).
  • Global growth outlook for 2026 stays at 2.9%; 2027 revised down to 3% from 3.1%.
  • OECD expects India’s inflation to rise sharply to 5.1% in FY27 from 2% in FY26.
  • Retail inflation in India rose to 3.21% year-on-year in February from 2.74% in January.
  • OECD projects India to temporarily raise policy rates in Q2 2026.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) kept the repo rate steady at 5.25% in February.

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Goldman Sachs (GS) cuts India’s 2026 GDP growth forecast to 5.9% (End of March)
  • Goldman Sachs lowered India’s 2026 growth forecast to 5.9% from its pre-Gulf conflict estimate of 7%.
  • The revision follows the Gulf conflict and higher Brent crude price projections of $105 per barrel in March and $115 in April.
  • India’s inflation is forecast to rise to 4.6% in 2026, prompting Goldman Sachs to expect a 50-basis point hike in the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) policy rate.
  • Goldman Sachs projects India’s current account deficit to widen to 2% of GDP in 2026 from 1.3% in October-December 2025.
  • Among major economies, India faces the largest growth forecast cut, compared with China (4.7% from 4.8%), South Korea (1.9% from 2%), and Hong Kong (1.8% from 2.6%).
Moody's Projects India Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth at 6.4% for FY27 (Mid of February)
  • Moody's (Moody's) forecasts India's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will grow by 6.4% in Fiscal Year 2026-27 (FY27).
  • India is expected to record the fastest growth pace among the Group of Twenty (G-20) economies according to the ratings agency.
  • The Economic Survey 2026 projects India's real GDP expansion to range between 6.8% and 7.2% for FY27.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised its growth projections for FY27 to 6.9% for the first quarter and 7.0% for the second quarter.
  • Structural reforms including the rationalisation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and income tax reductions are expected to boost domestic consumption.
  • A trade agreement reached between India and the United States (US) in February 2026 is anticipated to improve conditions for export-linked Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
World Bank (WB) raises India’s FY26 growth forecast to 7.2% (Mid of January)
  • The World Bank (WB) raised India’s growth forecast for FY26 to 7.2%, an increase from the 6.3% projected in June 2025.
  • India’s growth is estimated to moderate to 6.5% in FY27, assuming 50% tariffs by the United States remain in place throughout the forecast horizon.
  • The WB projects India’s growth to edge up to 6.6% in FY28, supported by resilient services activity, a recovery in exports, and a pickup in investment.
  • The National Statistical Office (NSO) estimated India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth for FY26 at 7.4% on January 7.
  • Growth for South Asia is expected to rise to 7.1% in 2025 and slow to 6.2% in 2026, reflecting the impact of higher US tariffs on India’s exports.
  • Global economic growth is expected to moderate to 2.6% in 2026 from 2.7% in 2025.
  • The United States economy is estimated to rise to 2.2% in 2026, while China’s economic growth is projected to slow to 4.4% from 4.9%.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) revises India’s FY 2025-26 growth forecast to 7.3% (Mid of January)
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised India’s 2025 growth projection by 0.7 percentage point to 7.3% from 6.6% in October 2025.
  • IMF lifted India’s 2026 growth estimate to 6.4% from 6.2%.
  • World Bank pegs India’s FY2026 growth at 7.2%, an upward revision of 0.9 percentage points.
  • Government estimates India’s GDP growth at 7.4% for FY 2025-26, up from 6.5% last FY.
  • IMF projects global growth at 3.3% for 2026 and 3.2% for 2027.
  • IMF forecasts US growth at 2.4% in 2026, Euro area at 1.3% in 2026 and 1.4% in 2027, China at 4.5% in 2026 and 4.0% in 2027.
  • Global headline inflation seen easing to 3.8% in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027 from 4.1% in 2025.

Lok Sabha passes Finance Bill 2026 with 32 government amendments

[Lok Sabha]

Key Updates:

  • Lok Sabha passed the Finance Bill 2026 along with 32 government amendments.
  • The Union Budget 2026-27 projects total expenditure at ₹53.47 lakh crore, 7.7 per cent higher than the current fiscal.
  • Capital expenditure for 2026-27 is set at ₹12.2 lakh crore.
  • Gross tax revenue target is ₹44.04 lakh crore and gross borrowing is ₹17.2 lakh crore.
  • Fiscal deficit for FY27 is projected at 4.3 per cent of GDP, down from 4.4 per cent in FY26.
  • The Bill now moves to the Rajya Sabha for approval to complete the Budget process.

Similar Coverage

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Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) signs MoU with Blue Star Limited to boost manufacturing and startup innovation.

[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Blue Star]

Key Updates:

  • Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) signed an MoU with Blue Star Limited on 24 March 2026.
  • The partnership targets startups, innovators, and entrepreneurs in HVAC technologies, digital solutions, advanced manufacturing, and supply chain innovation.
  • Startups will gain access to industry mentorship, R&D facilities, testing infrastructure, and pilot opportunities.
  • The initiative supports proof-of-concept development and integration into existing industry value chains.
  • DPIIT and Blue Star will organise innovation challenges and hackathons under the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge focused on manufacturing, HVAC, and digital technologies.
  • The MoU was signed by T. L. K. Singh, Deputy Secretary, DPIIT, and B Thiagarajan, Managing Director, Blue Star Limited.

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DPIIT and Voltas sign MoU to boost startup innovation in cooling and smart-appliance technologies (Mid of March)
  • The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) signed an MoU with Voltas Limited to strengthen industry-startup collaboration in cooling and smart-appliance technologies.
  • The collaboration will engage startups working on HVAC technologies, advanced control systems and power electronics, AI/ML-based diagnostics, IoT-enabled smart appliances, and digitalisation in manufacturing and service operations.
  • Startup India and Voltas will explore organising innovation challenges and hackathons through platforms such as the Bharat Start-up Grand Challenge focused on industry-driven problem statements.
  • Selected startups may receive mentorship, technical guidance, access to testing infrastructure, market linkage opportunities, industry validation, product development support, and participate in structured Proof-of-Concept programmes with Voltas engineering teams.
  • Startups can conduct field trials through Voltas’s service network to test, improve and potentially achieve commercial integration of new technologies.
  • Key innovation areas include energy-efficient cooling systems, air-quality monitoring and filtration technologies, advanced inverter control systems, predictive maintenance solutions, refrigerant safety technologies, and digital tools for installation and servicing.
  • The MoU was signed by Dr. Sumeet Kumar Jarangal, Director, DPIIT, and Mr. Mukundan Menon, Managing Director of Voltas Limited, in the presence of senior officials from both organisations.
WaveX-FITT MoU for Media-Tech Incubation (Start of January)
  • WaveX, the startup accelerator under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB), signed an MoU with FITT, IIT Delhi to scale media-tech incubation nationwide.
  • FITT will provide strategic guidance for incubator setup, mentorship, IP support, and access to IITs and innovation hubs.
  • WaveX will offer financial support, policy backing, and national visibility to startups in media, entertainment, broadcasting, and communication technologies.
Revised Startup Recognition Norms Increase Turnover Limits and Add Deep-Tech Category (Start of February)
  • The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) notified revised startup recognition criteria on 5 February 2026.
  • General startup turnover limit raised from ₹100 crore to ₹200 crore.
  • New 'Deep Tech Startup' sub-category introduced with age limit extended to 20 years and turnover cap of ₹300 crore.
  • Multi-State Cooperative Societies registered under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002 and cooperative societies under State/UT Acts now eligible for startup recognition.
Industrial Research and Development Promotion Program removes 3-year viability norm for deep-tech startups (Start of January)
  • Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) has removed the mandatory three-year viability criteria for deep-tech startups to access up to Rs 1 crore under the Industrial Research and Development Promotion Program (IRDPP).
  • Startups must still meet evaluation standards linked to technological maturity.
  • The change is intended to accelerate scaling of deep-tech startups and provide early momentum to innovators.

HDFC securities launches NxtOption platform to simplify advanced options trading for retail investors.

[HDFC Securities]

Key Updates:

  • HDFC securities launched NxtOption, an integrated platform combining strategy building, real-time analytics and execution to simplify F&O trading for India’s growing retail investor base.
  • NxtOption allows users to build multi-leg strategies such as Straddles, Strangles, Iron Condors and Butterflies, and view payoff charts, break-even points, profit and loss scenarios, combined Greeks and margin requirements.
  • Strategy Watch feature enables real-time tracking of complete strategies instead of individual legs.
  • Easy Options feature converts a user’s market view (bullish, bearish, neutral) into relevant strategy ideas along with risk-reward profiles.
  • Advanced Derivatives Analytics provides real-time insights into Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Implied Volatility (IV), Open Interest (OI) trends, time value, intrinsic value, market movers, rollover insights and F&O ban list tracking.
  • NxtOption is available on HDFC securities mobile app InvestRight, HDFC securities web platform and HDFC SKY web platform.
  • HDFC securities is a subsidiary of HDFC Bank, serves around 6 million customers in over 100 cities and operates more than 120 branches.

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India INX Global Access (India INX GA) partners HSBC International Financial Services Centre Banking Unit (HSBC IBU) to expand overseas investment access. (Start of March)
  • India INX Global Access IFSC (India INX GA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of India International Exchange (India INX), has entered a strategic partnership with HSBC International Financial Services Centre Banking Unit (HSBC IBU).
  • The partnership aims to broaden structured access to global investment products for Indian investors through Gift City.
  • India INX GA is a Global Access Provider (GAP) registered with the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).
  • The arrangement is designed to enable informed cross-border participation and more efficient capital allocation beyond domestic asset classes.
  • The development follows NSE IX launching its own global access platform last week, highlighting growing momentum within the IFSC ecosystem.
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) mandates Choice Wealth to deploy digital investment platform (Mid of January)
  • Choice Wealth will deploy a one-stop digital investment platform providing online mutual funds aggregator services and Robo-Advisory services for IPPB customers.
  • IPPB customers will access investment products through mobile applications, web-based platforms, and mATM-compatible devices.
  • Axis Finance Ltd launches Axis Finance Vyapar Business Loan, offering collateral-free loans up to Rs 10 lakh for micro and small businesses in semi-urban and rural markets.
NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) launches platform for investment in 30 global markets (End of February)
  • NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) has launched the NSE IX Global Access platform from GIFT City to enable Indian retail and Non-Resident Indian (NRI) investors to invest in 30 global markets.
  • The platform initially provides access to United States (US) listed stocks, with markets in the United Kingdom (UK), Japan, and parts of Europe to be added within three to six months.
  • Under the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS), resident Indians can invest up to $2.5 lakh per financial year in overseas markets through this gateway.
  • Investors will remit funds in Indian Rupees to the NSE IX bank account, which are then converted into US Dollars for global investments.
  • The platform is regulated by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) and allows for fractional trading, enabling the purchase of portions of high-priced global shares.
  • Investors can trade in stocks, debt instruments, and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) without opening a demat account, though derivatives and cryptocurrency transactions are prohibited.
  • The Know Your Customer (KYC) process is fully digital, requiring Aadhaar and Permanent Account Number (PAN) for completion via systems such as DigiLocker.
Department of Posts (DoP) and National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) partner to expand mutual fund access (Mid of February)
  • The Department of Posts (DoP) and the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) have signed a pact to expand mutual fund access through the NSE MF Invest platform.
  • The partnership leverages the network of over 1.64 lakh post offices and the zero-cost NSE MF Invest platform to provide mutual fund products.
  • The initiative will be rolled out in a phased manner, with the first phase focusing on Do-It-Yourself (DIY) investments with small, flexible amounts.
  • The second phase will expand to the full mutual fund ecosystem, offering access to all open-ended schemes across 55 Asset Management Companies (AMCs).
  • The second phase also includes goal-based investing, portfolio analytics, vernacular support, and enhanced advisory services.
  • The initiative aims to bridge the gap in mutual fund penetration, which remains low at approximately 10 per cent of Indian households.
  • The mutual fund industry in India has recorded Assets Under Management (AUM) surpassing ₹81 lakh crore with strong Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) inflows.

S&P Global Ratings raises India’s FY27 GDP growth forecast to 7.1%

[S&P Global]

Key Updates:

  • S&P Global Ratings revised India’s FY27 growth forecast upward to 7.1%.
  • The agency lifted its FY28 forecast by 0.2 percentage points to 7.2%.
  • India’s GDP is officially estimated to expand 7.6% in FY26.
  • S&P projects inflation to rise to 4.3% in FY27 and expects the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to keep rates unchanged with a neutral stance.
  • The RBI monetary policy committee held the repo rate at 6.50% in February and is scheduled to meet early next week.
  • S&P assumes Brent crude to average $92 per barrel in the June quarter and around $80 per barrel in 2026.
  • In a severe disruption scenario, Brent could average $185 per barrel in the June quarter and nearly $130 per barrel in 2026.
  • S&P expects one 25 bps rate hike by India’s central bank in the second half if energy-driven inflation persists.

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Fitch Ratings (Fitch) Raises India FY26 GDP Growth Forecast to 7.5% (Mid of March)
  • Fitch Ratings (Fitch) upgraded India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for the Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26) to 7.5% from the previous projection of 7.4%.
  • The agency revised the India FY27 growth estimate upward to 6.7% from the earlier projection of 6.4%.
  • India’s GDP grew by 7.8% in the third quarter of FY26 and 8.4% in the second quarter, while the FY25 growth was recorded at 7.1%.
  • Global GDP growth is projected at 2.6% for 2026, assuming oil prices do not exceed $70 per barrel.
  • Inflation in India is projected to reach 4.5% by December 2026.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) maintained the policy rate at 5.25% in February, which Fitch expects to remain unchanged through next year.
  • Brian Coulton serves as the Chief Economist of Fitch.
State Bank of India (SBI) projects India GDP growth at 8.1% for Q3FY26 (End of February)
  • State Bank of India (SBI) forecasts 8.1% GDP growth for Q3FY26 despite global headwinds.
  • High-frequency indicators show strong growth momentum in Q3FY26.
  • Rural consumption remained firm on positive farm and non-farm signals.
  • Urban consumption rose consistently, helped by fiscal stimulus and higher post-festive spending.
  • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation will release second advance GDP estimates for FY26 on 27 February.
  • Base year for GDP calculation is being updated from 2011-12 to 2022-23.
  • First advance estimates pegged FY26 GDP growth at 7.4%.
  • Economic Survey projects FY26 growth around 7% and FY27 growth in the 6.8-7.2% range.
Crisil Intelligence Forecasts 7.1 Per Cent India GDP Growth for FY27 (Mid of March)
  • Crisil Intelligence expects India's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth to moderate to 7.1 per cent in FY27.
  • The conflict in West Asia is identified as a downside risk to the economic outlook due to its impact on crude oil and commodity prices.
  • Retail inflation is projected to rise to 4.3 per cent in FY27 from an estimated 2.5 per cent in FY26.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is expected to hold the repo rate steady in FY27 to focus on transmitting the 125 basis points (bps) rate cut implemented in calendar year 2025.
  • Headline retail inflation is likely to remain close to the central value of the RBI tolerance band.
  • The new Consumer Price Index (CPI) 2024 series has a reduced weight for food, which is expected to contain the upside to headline inflation.
  • Export growth is anticipated to maintain momentum, supported by lower United States (US) tariffs relative to FY26 and robust services exports.
  • Economic growth will be supported by robust private consumption and a recovery in private capital expenditure (capex) driven by emerging sectors.
  • Inflation is expected to normalise assuming a normal monsoon in 2026 and benign food prices.
Moody's Ratings projects India GDP growth at 7.3% for FY26 (End of January)
  • Moody's Ratings forecasts India's economy to grow by 7.3% in FY 2025-26, up from 6.5% the previous year.
  • India's GDP per capita rose 8.2% year-on-year to $11,176 in FY 2024-25 while headline GDP grew 6.5%.
  • Total insurance premium revenue increased 17% to Rs 10.9 lakh crore in April-November 2025-26, with health premiums up 14% and life new business premiums climbing 20%.
  • The government has raised the foreign investment limit in Indian insurance companies to 100% of capital from 74%.

Noida International Airport Phase I inaugurated to boost NCR aviation capacity

[Noida International Airport]

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase I of Noida International Airport at Jewar, Uttar Pradesh on 28 March 2026.
  • The airport is located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district along the Yamuna Expressway and serves as the second international gateway for Delhi-NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport.
  • Phase I has been built at an investment of around ₹11,200 crore under a public-private partnership model.
  • It is designed to handle 12 million passengers per annum initially, with provision to scale up to 70 million passengers annually in subsequent phases.
  • The airport has a 3,900-metre runway capable of handling wide-body aircraft and is equipped with Instrument Landing System (ILS) and airfield lighting for all-weather, round-the-clock operations.
  • It includes an integrated cargo terminal designed to handle over 2.5 lakh metric tonnes of cargo annually in the first phase, expandable to around 18 lakh metric tonnes.
  • A 40-acre maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility is part of the project.

Similar Coverage

Cabinet clears ₹3,630.77 crore for Jewar airport road connectivity (Mid of March)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the revised total capital cost of ₹3,630.77 crore for greenfield connectivity to Jewar international airport.
  • The 31.42 km project corridor will provide direct high-speed connectivity from South Delhi, Faridabad and Gurugram to the airport in Uttar Pradesh.
  • About 11 km of the project will be developed as an elevated highway between DND-Ballabhgarh Bypass and Jewar International Airport at an additional cost of ₹689.24 crore.
  • The Government of Haryana has agreed to bear ₹450 crore of the elevated corridor cost.
  • The corridor intersects the Eastern Peripheral Expressway, the Yamuna Expressway, and the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to enable multimodal transport convergence.
  • The airport has received an aerodrome licence from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and is expected to start operations soon.
Adampur Airport renamed after Guru Ravidas on 649th birth anniversary (Start of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Adampur Airport and renamed it after Sri Sant Guru Ravidas Ji on the 649th birth anniversary of the saint.
  • PM Modi also inaugurated the new terminal building at Halwara Airport in Ludhiana district, Punjab.
  • Halwara Airport hosts a strategic Indian Air Force station and the new civil enclave features a longer runway capable of accommodating A320-type aircraft.
  • The Halwara terminal incorporates green features including LED lighting, insulated roofing, rainwater harvesting systems, sewage and water treatment plants, and use of recycled water for landscaping.
Dagadarthi Greenfield Airport: Andhra Pradesh Cabinet clears project for state’s 8th airport (Mid of January)
  • The Andhra Pradesh Cabinet approved the Dagadarthi greenfield airport project in Nellore district on Jan 10, 2026, to strengthen the state’s multimodal logistics and industrial network.
  • The project has already received in-principle clearance from the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) for development under a long-term concession framework.
  • Planned in multiple phases, the airport will be developed over 1,332.80 acres to support manufacturing, exports, agri-logistics, and services-led growth.
  • Phase I is designed to handle 1.4 million passengers per annum, with capacity scalable to 15 million passengers annually in the long term.
  • The master plan includes provision for a future cargo facility to support industrial output and port-led trade involving Krishnapatnam and Ramayapatnam ports.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA) named Asia-Pacific's Best Airport for Departures in over 40-million-passenger category at 2025 ASQ Awards (End of February)
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA) received the 2025 Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Customer Experience Award for Asia-Pacific's Best Airport for departures in the over 40-million-passenger category.
  • The award was presented by Airports Council International (ACI) and is based on passenger feedback collected under ACI's globally benchmarked ASQ programme.
  • CSMIA is the world's busiest single-runway airport in terms of annual passenger traffic.
  • Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL) is a joint venture between Adani Airport Holdings Limited (AAHL) and Airports Authority of India (AAI), with AAHL holding a 74% stake.
  • Recent passenger facilitation measures at CSMIA include hybrid self-baggage-drop units, expanded DigiYatra biometric e-gates, self-check-in kiosks, and the Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) for international passengers.
  • Terminal 2 houses the 3.2-kilometre Artbeat of New India museum corridor displaying over 5,500 artefacts and more than 100 installations.

Gruh Sugam Portal streamlines home loans for Defence and Government personnel

[National Housing Bank]

Key Updates:

  • The National Housing Bank (NHB) launched the Gruh Sugam Portal to simplify home-loan access for Defence, Paramilitary and Government employees.
  • The portal, announced by the Ministry of Finance, enables personnel to apply for home loans digitally from any station without visiting banks physically.
  • It functions as a Unified Digital Marketplace that integrates NHB and lending institutions for quick offer comparison, grievance redressal and consumer protection with an online chat facility.

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Bank of Baroda (BoB) launches first UPI-based ₹5,000 overdraft facility for women SHG members. (End of March)
  • Bank of Baroda (BoB) is the first bank in India to offer an Overdraft Facility on Credit Line via UPI for verified women Self-Help Group (SHG) members holding Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accounts.
  • The facility was unveiled at the 25th Central Level Coordination Committee (CLCC) meeting in Hyderabad.
  • Eligible members receive ₹5,000 overdraft credit accessible through bob इ Pay or any UPI-enabled app.
  • The initiative partners with National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), Indian Banks’ Association (IBA), and Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
  • Users can link OD accounts for merchant QR payments, balance checks, transaction tracking, and digital repayment without branch visits.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) approves $300 million loan to IIFL Home Finance for women-focused affordable housing. (Start of March)
  • IIFL Home Finance Limited signed a $300 million loan agreement with Asian Development Bank (ADB).
  • The loan targets women in low-income communities in peri-urban and urban areas and lagging states of India.
  • Over 25% of the loan proceeds are earmarked for green-certified affordable homes.
  • The financing package includes $150 million from ADB and $150 million in parallel loans from MUFG, Emirates Bank, Sampath Bank, and Hatton National Bank.
  • This marks IIFL Home Finance’s first syndicated external commercial borrowing.
Motilal Oswal Home Finance signs USD 100 million debt deal with Asian Development Bank (ADB) for women-focused, affordable, green housing. (Start of March)
  • Motilal Oswal Home Finance will raise USD 100 million in rupee-equivalent non-convertible debentures from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
  • Part of the funds will provide affordable housing loans to women borrowers.
  • Ten per cent of the proceeds will finance residential units that meet recognised green building certification standards.
  • Women currently account for only 13 per cent of homeowners according to ADB.
  • During the first nine months of FY26 Motilal Oswal Home Finance disbursed Rs 1,303 crore.
  • Gross NPA stood at 1.43 per cent as of December 2025.
RAJMARG PRAVESH Portal Upgrade Launched for Faster Highway NOCs (End of February)
  • Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Shri Nitin Gadkari launched the upgraded RAJMARG PRAVESH web portal to streamline issuance of No Objection Certificates (NOCs) for facilities along National Highways.
  • The portal provides single-window online applications for permissions covering fuel stations, wayside amenities, rest area complexes, private properties, connecting roads, and industrial access points.
  • It also facilitates utility permissions for water pipelines, gas pipelines, optical fibre cables, electrical transmission lines, and other infrastructure services along or across National Highways.
  • The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) redesigned the portal to ensure streamlined digital workflows, reduced approval timelines, improved transparency, and real-time application tracking.
  • The portal can be accessed at http://rajmargpravesh.morth.gov.in.

Noida International Airport Phase I inaugurated by PM Modi

[Noida International Airport]

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase I of Noida International Airport at Jewar, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh on 28 March 2026.
  • Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) granted the Aerodrome License to Yamuna International Airport Private Limited (YIAPL) under the Public Use category for all-weather operations.
  • Phase 1 developed at an investment of around ₹11,200 crore by YIAPL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Zurich Airport International AG, under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model with the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the Government of India.
  • Concession period commenced on 1 October 2021 for 40 years.
  • Airport designed for initial passenger handling capacity of 12 million passengers per annum, scalable up to 70 million passengers per annum.
  • Airport features a 3,900-metre runway, Instrument Landing System (ILS), and advanced airfield lighting for all-weather, round-the-clock operations.
  • Airport aims to operate as a net-zero emissions facility with energy-efficient systems and environmentally responsible practices.

Similar Coverage

Madurai Airport Granted International Status by Union Cabinet (Mid of March)
  • The Union Cabinet approved the proposal to declare Madurai airport as an international airport to boost global connectivity.
  • Madurai will become the third international airport in Tamil Nadu once the status change is implemented.
  • Union Information and Broadcasting Minister (MIB) Ashwini Vaishnaw announced the decision to support the region's industrial clusters and its role as an educational and healthcare hub.
  • The upgrade is expected to enhance connectivity to pilgrimage sites including Meenakshi Amman temple, Koodal Azhagar temple, Thirupparankundram Murugan temple, Palamudhircholai Murugan temple, and Rameswaram.
  • The policy aims to attract international pilgrims and businesses while supporting trade and economic activity in the surrounding areas.
  • The MIB stated that several airlines have shown interest in expanding international operations from the airport.
  • Madurai airport is among the oldest airports in Tamil Nadu and currently handles domestic flights.
Cabinet clears ₹3,630.77 crore for Jewar airport road connectivity (Mid of March)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the revised total capital cost of ₹3,630.77 crore for greenfield connectivity to Jewar international airport.
  • The 31.42 km project corridor will provide direct high-speed connectivity from South Delhi, Faridabad and Gurugram to the airport in Uttar Pradesh.
  • About 11 km of the project will be developed as an elevated highway between DND-Ballabhgarh Bypass and Jewar International Airport at an additional cost of ₹689.24 crore.
  • The Government of Haryana has agreed to bear ₹450 crore of the elevated corridor cost.
  • The corridor intersects the Eastern Peripheral Expressway, the Yamuna Expressway, and the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to enable multimodal transport convergence.
  • The airport has received an aerodrome licence from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and is expected to start operations soon.
Emergency Landing Facility (ELF) on National Highway-37 in Moran, Assam (Mid of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi landed at the first Emergency Landing Facility (ELF) of the northeast at Moran on National Highway-37 in Dibrugarh district, Assam.
  • The Rs 100-crore ELF is a 4.2-km reinforced stretch on the Moran Bypass and was inaugurated by the Prime Minister.
  • The facility will serve as a strategic and multi-functional runway for Indian Air Force (IAF) fighter jets and transport aircraft.
  • It is designed for both civil and military use and will act as an alternative to Dibrugarh airport during emergencies.
  • Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and Air Chief Marshal A P Singh attended the event.
Bihar Cabinet Approves Sonepur International Airport Project and ₹1,302 Crore Land Acquisition Allocation (End of February)
  • The Bihar state cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister (CM) Nitish Kumar, approved the construction of an international airport at Sonepur in Saran district.
  • The proposed airport will feature a 4,200-metre runway designed to handle wide-body aircraft, including the Airbus A380.
  • The project is spread over 4,228 acres and is targeted for completion by the year 2030.
  • The Bihar government has allocated ₹1,302 crore for the land acquisition process for the airport, which will be developed in the area between Hajipur and Dumaria.
  • The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has granted site clearance and in-principle approval for the project, which was also mentioned in the Union Budget.
  • The state cabinet sanctioned ₹70 crore for anti-erosion work along an embankment between Ismailpur and Bindtoli in Bhagalpur district.
  • Bihar currently has operational airports at Jayprakash Narayan International Airport in Patna, as well as in Gaya, Darbhanga, and Purnia.
  • A total of 35 proposals from various departments were approved during the cabinet meeting.

National Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) 2.0: ₹1.51 Lakh Crore Outlay for 100% Rural Tap Water Coverage

[Meghalaya]

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS) signed a reform-linked Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Meghalaya government under the National Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) 2.0.
  • Meghalaya is the 12th state in India to sign the agreement under JJM 2.0, which was approved by the Union Cabinet on 10 March 2026.
  • The Union Cabinet approved an additional outlay of ₹1.51 lakh crore for the Mission, with approximately ₹67,300 crore allocated in the Union Budget for 2025-26.
  • The national deadline for providing 100 per cent tap water coverage and sanitation has been extended from May 2024 to December 2028.
  • Meghalaya has achieved 83.59 per cent rural tap water coverage and aims to reach 100 per cent coverage by December 2028.
  • The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) stated that Gram Panchayats and Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) will be empowered to manage in-village water supply systems.
  • The MoU was signed by Swati Meena Naik, Joint Secretary of the DDWS, and Praveen Bakshi, Commissioner and Secretary of the Meghalaya Public Health Engineering (PHE) department.
  • Meghalaya adopted a comprehensive Water Policy in 2019 and has constituted a climate council involving multiple departments to address water-related issues.

Similar Coverage

Meghalaya extends Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (GHADC) tenure by six months (End of March)
  • The Meghalaya Cabinet extended the tenure of the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (GHADC) from 18 April 2026 to 18 October 2026.
  • Deputy Chief Minister Prestone Tynsong announced the decision after a virtual Cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Conrad K Sangma.
  • The extension follows violence in Tura and adjoining areas over a notification barring non-tribals from contesting GHADC elections.
  • Albinush R Marak resigned as chief executive member (CEM) hours before the Cabinet decision, and Dhormonath Ch Sangma was elected the new CEM.
  • The state government will consult stakeholders during the six-month extension to resolve eligibility issues for tribal and non-tribal candidates.
Odisha–Meghalaya MoU on Early Childhood Care and Development (End of January)
  • Odisha and Meghalaya signed an MoU to strengthen Early Childhood Care, Education and Development through mutual learning and capacity building.
  • The MoU covers nutrition, health, early learning, responsive caregiving, community engagement, and institutional capacity building.
  • It provides for knowledge exchange, joint research, exposure visits, documentation of best practices, and capacity development of functionaries.
Shri C. R. Paatil Launches Jal Mahotsav 2026 as Union Minister of Jal Shakti (Mid of March)
  • Union Minister of Jal Shakti, Shri C. R. Paatil, launched the Jal Mahotsav 2026, organised by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS), from Rahej village in the Navsari district of Gujarat.
  • Minister of State, Shri V. Somanna, led the simultaneous launch of the nationwide campaign activities in Maharashtra.
  • Minister of State, Shri Raj Bhushan Choudhary, presided over the start of the water management initiative in Bihar.
  • Additional Secretary and Mission Director Shri Kamal Kishore Soan attended the launch ceremony which included the formal handover of water assets to Gram Panchayats (GPs).
  • Gujarat state ministers Shri Ishvarsingh Patel and Shri Nareshbhai Patel participated in the event which featured the screening of a film titled Sujalam Shakti Diwas.
  • Shri C. R. Paatil felicitated community contributors, including members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), pump operators, and village volunteers, for maintaining rural water systems.
  • Shri C. R. Paatil noted that over 24 lakh women are currently engaged in water quality testing under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
  • Shri C. R. Paatil highlighted how the JJM and Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) have improved health and dignity in rural India.
Meghalaya SDG-Aligned Budget 2026–27: ₹32,023 crore outlay with 19% for infrastructure (End of February)
  • Meghalaya chief minister Conrad K Sangma tabled a ₹32,023 crore SDG-aligned budget for 2026–27.
  • SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure) received the highest allocation of ₹6,078 crore, 19% of the total outlay.
  • Public works department was allocated ₹3,485 crore, up from ₹2,873 crore in 2025–26.
  • Road construction and upgradation received ₹824.81 crore, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana got ₹746.67 crore, Central Road Fund ₹350 crore, and road maintenance ₹200 crore.
  • Stadium infrastructure was allocated ₹400 crore.
  • SDG 4 (quality education) was allocated ₹4,317 crore (13.48%), with the education and human resources department receiving ₹3,347 crore.
  • SDG 3 (good health and well-being) received ₹3,616 crore (11.29%), with the health and family welfare department getting ₹2,472 crore.
  • SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities) was allocated ₹2,834 crore.
  • SDG 1 (no poverty) received ₹2,330 crore and SDG 2 (zero hunger) ₹2,270 crore, including ₹150 crore for supplementary nutrition.
  • SDG 7 (energy) got ₹1,296 crore, SDG 6 (water and sanitation) ₹1,366 crore, and climate action ₹593 crore.
  • 80% of the total outlay is directly linked to specific SDG targets and 20% supports enabling and institutional functions.
  • Meghalaya’s SDG Index score improved from 60 in 2020–21 to 63 in 2023–24, while its national ranking slipped from 22nd to 25th.

Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2026 introduced in Lok Sabha to decriminalise minor offences

Key Updates:

  • Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2026 introduced by Minister of State for Commerce and Industry Jitin Prasada in Lok Sabha after incorporating select committee recommendations.
  • Bill proposes to amend 79 central acts administered by 23 ministries, affecting 784 provisions, of which 717 provisions are being decriminalised for ease of doing business and 67 for ease of living.
  • Earlier version Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 was introduced by Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal on 18 March 2024 and referred to a select committee.
  • Bill withdrawn on 17 March 2026 and re-introduced after select committee recommendations.
  • Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023, notified on 11 August 2023, decriminalised 183 provisions across 42 Central Acts administered by 19 ministries/departments.

Similar Coverage

Cabinet Extends IVFRT 3.0 Scheme with ₹1,800 Crore Outlay (End of March)
  • The Union Cabinet approved the continuation of the Immigration, Visa, Foreigners Registration and Tracking (IVFRT) scheme for a period of five years starting from 1 April 2026.
  • The project has been allocated a total budget outlay of ₹1,800 crore to modernise immigration processes and strengthen border management.
  • The extension follows the enactment of the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, to create a technologically advanced immigration ecosystem.
  • The IVFRT 3.0 phase will focus on three primary areas: emerging technology innovations, transformation of core infrastructure, and optimisation of technology-enabled service delivery.
  • The modernisation drive includes the implementation of mobile-based services, self-service kiosks, and automated e-gates under the Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme.
  • The digital platform currently spans 117 immigration posts, 15 Foreigners Regional Registration Offices (FRRO), and 854 district-level registration authorities across India.
  • The system has enabled a 100% contactless visa process and reduced average passenger clearance time at checkpoints to approximately 2.5-3 minutes.
  • Over 91% of e-visa applications have been processed within 72 hours under the existing framework, which now provides more than 30 immigration-related services.
Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 withdrawn from Lok Sabha for amendment. (Mid of March)
  • The Union Government withdrew the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 from the Lok Sabha on a Tuesday.
  • Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal moved the withdrawal, which the House approved by voice vote.
  • The withdrawal followed recommendations from a select committee, and the bill is expected to be reintroduced after incorporating those changes.
IICA Forms Advisory Group on Ease of Doing Business to Modernise Corporate Regulations (End of February)
  • The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), operating under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), has constituted a high-level Advisory Group on Ease of Doing Business (EoDB).
  • The panel is chaired by Gyaneshwar Kumar Singh, the Director General and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the IICA.
  • The group was established following an MCA order dated 31 December 2025 and is aligned with the national vision of Viksit Bharat @2047.
  • The primary objective of the initiative is to modernise India’s corporate regulatory framework and simplify compliance procedures under the Companies Act, 2013.
  • The Advisory Group will focus on rationalising e-forms, reducing procedural duplication, and exploring event-based compliance systems.
  • The panel includes representatives from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI), and Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICMAI).
  • Industry bodies represented in the group include the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), and Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).
  • The School of Business Environment at the IICA will serve as the Secretariat for the Advisory Group.
  • The IICA has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the MCA for a research study titled Re-envisioning Ease of Doing Business for Viksit Bharat 2047.
Union Budget 2026–27 waives customs duty on 17 cancer drugs and cuts TCS on overseas remittances (Start of February)
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman fully exempted basic customs duty on 17 cancer drugs and on medicines, drugs and food for special medical purposes related to seven rare diseases.
  • Tax Collection at Source (TCS) on overseas tour packages reduced to 2% from the earlier 5–20% with no minimum amount.
  • TCS on foreign remittances for education and medical treatment under Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) cut to 2% from 5%.
  • Customs duty on specified manufacturing parts of microwave ovens exempted.
  • Customs duty on personal-use imports by international travellers reduced to 10% from 20%.
  • Export realisation period for textile and leather exporters extended to one year.
  • Basic customs duty raised on low-cost imported umbrellas, ATM/cash dispenser machines and parts, potassium hydroxide, film & broadcasting equipment for foreign crews, imported zoo animals and birds, ammonium phosphate/nitro-phosphate fertilisers and naphtha, coffee roasting/brewing/vending machines, and castor oil cake.
  • Securities Transaction Tax (STT) on futures trading increased to 0.05% from 0.02% and on options premium and exercise to 0.15%.
  • Tax Collection at Source (TCS) on sale of alcoholic liquor, minerals and scrap raised to 2% from 1%.
  • National Calamity Contingent Duty (NCCD) on chewing tobacco and gutkha raised to 60% from 25% while effective duty incidence remains at 25% through notification.

TV Rating Policy 2026 slashes entry barriers and de-recognises landing page viewership.

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) notified the TV Rating Policy 2026, replacing the 2014 guidelines.
  • Landing page viewership is excluded from official measurement and relegated strictly to a marketing tool.
  • The net worth requirement for new rating agencies is reduced from ₹20 crore to ₹5 crore.
  • At least 50 per cent of the rating agency board must consist of independent directors with no ties to broadcasters, advertisers or agencies.
  • Existing agencies must expand their metered sample to 80,000 homes within six months, with an eventual target of 120,000 homes.
  • New entrants have 18 months to reach 80,000 metered homes.
  • Measurement must be technology-neutral across cable, DTH, OTT and connected TVs.
  • A dual-audit system of quarterly internal reviews and annual independent external audits is mandated.
  • Audience measurement must strictly align with the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023.
  • A graded penalty system ranges from temporary suspension of ratings to cancellation of registration for repeat offenders.

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Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) directs BARC to withhold TRP reporting for news channels. (Start of March)
  • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) ordered the Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) to immediately stop reporting Television Rating Points (TRPs) for news channels for four weeks or until further orders.
  • The directive invoked Clause 24.2 of the policy guidelines which mandates compliance with Ministry orders.
  • The order cited unwarranted sensationalism and speculative content on the Israel-Iran conflict by certain TV news channels that may create public panic.
  • BARC, established in 2010, is the sole body authorised to measure and publish television audience data in India.
  • A similar suspension of TRP ratings for news channels was imposed in 2020 over data manipulation allegations.
CCPA imposes ₹11 lakh penalty on Vision IAS for misleading UPSC result advertisements (End of December)
  • The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) has imposed a ₹11 lakh penalty on Vision IAS for publishing misleading advertisements related to results of the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2022 and 2023.
  • The CCPA found that Vision IAS claimed "7 in Top 10 & 79 in Top 100 selections in CSE 2023" and "39 in Top 50 selections in CSE 2022" without clearly disclosing the nature and extent of courses actually availed by the candidates.
  • Out of the 119 plus selections claimed across the two years, only three candidates had enrolled in full foundation courses; the remaining 116 had opted for short-term or standalone programmes.
  • The Authority noted that Vision IAS continued to display the impugned advertisements on its website even after receiving a show-cause notice and failed to furnish enrolment forms or consent documents authorising the use of candidates’ names and images.
  • The CCPA has directed the institute to discontinue misleading advertisements, ensure truthful and complete disclosures going forward, and submit a compliance report within 15 days.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Issues Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations 2026 (End of January)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released the Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2026, replacing the previous framework from 2000.
  • The new principle-based regime expands the automatic route for cross-border guarantees, allowing transactions without prior approval if they meet FEMA borrowing and lending rules.
  • Mandatory reporting of all guarantees must be submitted to authorized dealer banks on a quarterly basis within 15 days of the quarter end.
  • The RBI has introduced a Late Submission Fee (LSF) for delayed reporting, calculated as ₹7,500 + 0.025% × amount involved × number of years of delay.
  • A new reporting format, Form GRN, has been introduced to capture granular data including guarantee commissions, invocation details, and timelines for extinguishing liabilities.
  • The regulations do not apply to guarantees issued under the Overseas Investment Regulations, 2022, or irrevocable payment commitments issued by custodian banks for Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs).
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) overhauls FEMA guarantees regime, widens automatic route and mandates quarterly reporting. (Mid of January)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) replaces the 2000 rules with the Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2026.
  • Guarantees are freely permitted if the underlying transaction is not prohibited under FEMA and parties are eligible to lend or borrow under FEMA borrowing and lending rules.
  • Guarantees issued, modified or invoked must be reported quarterly within 15 days of quarter-end to authorised dealer banks using Form GRN.
  • Late submission attracts a fee of Rs 7,500 + 0.025% × amount involved × years of delay (rounded to nearest month and Rs 100).
  • Exemptions cover guarantees by overseas/IFSC branches of authorised dealer banks, irrevocable payment commitments by custodian banks for FPIs, and guarantees under Overseas Investment Regulations, 2022.

Reform Express initiative introduces five new reforms to boost cargo and passenger services

Key Updates:

  • Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced five new reforms under the Reform Express initiative, raising the 2026 total to nine.
  • Indian Railways launched stainless steel containers with top-loading and hydraulic side-discharge systems for salt transport to cut corrosion and handling damage.
  • Flexible wagon designs tailored to route-specific tunnels and bridges will be introduced to raise the current 24% share of passenger vehicle movement by rail.
  • Stricter contractor eligibility, fixed 2% bid security, mandatory bid-capacity evaluation, tighter subcontracting rules, and extra performance guarantees for under-priced bids will improve infrastructure project quality.
  • Aadhaar-based OTP verification and deletion of nearly three crore fake IRCTC accounts have been implemented to curb ticketing misuse.
  • Passengers may now cancel tickets 72, 24, or 8 hours before departure aligned with revised chart timings, cancel counter tickets at any station, receive automatic e-ticket refunds, upgrade class up to 30 minutes before departure, and change boarding stations digitally within the same timeframe.

Similar Coverage

PM RAHAT scheme approved; Lakhpati Didis target doubled to six crore by 2029 (Mid of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the PM RAHAT scheme immediately after shifting to the newly inaugurated Seva Teerth complex in New Delhi.
  • The government doubled the target for Lakhpati Didis to six crore by 2029.
  • The decisions focused on women, youth, farmers and vulnerable citizens to reflect the spirit of 'Seva' or service.
Union Cabinet approves infrastructure projects worth Rs 12,236 crore across railways, aviation, urban transport, power and agriculture (End of February)
  • The Union Cabinet approved infrastructure and policy proposals worth Rs 12,236 crore, covering railways, aviation, urban transport, power sector reforms and agriculture.
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) cleared three railway projects—Gondia-Jabalpur doubling, Punarakh-Kiul third and fourth line, and Gamharia-Chandil third and fourth line—costing Rs 9,072 crore.
  • These railway projects span Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand, adding 307 km to the network and enhancing connectivity to 5,407 villages with a population of nearly 98 lakh.
  • The railway capacity augmentation is expected to handle 52 million tonnes of additional freight traffic per annum, save 6 crore litres of oil and cut CO2 emissions by 30 crore kg.
  • CCEA approved a new civil enclave at Srinagar International Airport at a cost of Rs 1,677 crore, featuring a 71,500 square metre terminal with peak-hour capacity of 2,900 passengers and annual capacity of 10 million passengers.
  • The Srinagar airport project includes a 1,000-car multi-level car park, apron for 15 aircraft and targets a 5-star GRIHA rating.
  • The Cabinet cleared a 3.33-km Ahmedabad Metro extension from GIFT City to Shahpur at Rs 1,067.35 crore with three elevated stations to be implemented by Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited.
  • The Ahmedabad Metro extension is projected to serve over 23,700 passengers daily by 2029 and nearly 58,000 by 2041.
  • Power sector reforms enhanced delegation to Powergrid, raising per-project equity investment limit for subsidiaries from Rs 5,000 crore to Rs 7,500 crore to boost participation in high-value tariff-based competitive bidding projects.
  • The Cabinet approved renaming Kerala to 'Keralam' through the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2026, to be referred by the President to the Kerala Legislative Assembly under Article 3 of the Constitution.
  • The Cabinet fixed the minimum support price (MSP) for raw jute (TD-3 grade) at Rs 5,925 per quintal for 2026-27, an increase of Rs 275 per quintal over the previous year.
Union Budget 2026–27 announces India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 and multiple sector-specific manufacturing schemes (Start of February)
  • India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 launched to strengthen chip manufacturing and ecosystem development.
  • Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme announced to deepen local value addition.
  • Biopharma SHAKTI scheme targets pharmaceutical and biotechnology capabilities.
  • Three dedicated chemical parks planned to expand domestic chemical production.
  • Scheme for rare earth permanent magnets covers research, mining, processing and manufacturing.
  • Container manufacturing scheme and initiatives for construction and infrastructure equipment announced.
  • Integrated programme for textiles and dedicated push for affordable sports goods manufacturing introduced.
  • Revival of 200 legacy industrial clusters and setting up of hi-tech tool rooms in CPSEs planned.
  • Five-year income tax exemptions for non-residents supplying capital goods to toll manufacturers in bonded zones.
  • Deferred duty payments for trusted manufacturers and expanded duty-free imports for export-oriented sectors such as seafood, footwear, textiles and electronics.
PM Gati Shakti Plan: ₹4,474 crore multitracking projects approved for West Bengal and Jharkhand (Mid of March)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved two railway multitracking projects worth ₹4,474 crore.
  • The projects will add fourth lines on the Sainthia–Pakur and Santragachi–Kharagpur routes, adding about 192 km across West Bengal and Jharkhand.
  • Proposed by the Ministry of Railways (MoR), the works are scheduled for completion by 2030–31 under the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
  • The expansion will benefit around 5,652 villages with a combined population of nearly 1.47 crore people.
  • Freight movement is expected to rise by about 31 million tonnes annually, saving an estimated six crore litres of oil and cutting carbon emissions by nearly 28 crore kg.
  • Tourist spots gaining better rail access include Bolpur-Shantiniketan, Nandikeshwari Temple, Tarapith, Patachitra Gram, Dhadika Forest, Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, and Rameshwar Kund.

Indian Railways approves ₹647.58 crore connectivity projects in Gujarat and Bihar

[Ministry of Railways, Gujarat, Bihar]

Key Updates:

  • Indian Railways sanctioned two projects worth ₹647.58 crore on 24 March 2026 to improve connectivity and reduce congestion.
  • The rail-over-rail flyover at Kosamba, Gujarat, spans 9.20 km and costs ₹344.38 crore to connect the Kosamba–Umrapada gauge conversion section with the Mumbai–Vadodara main line.
  • The 13.38 km bypass line at Bhagalpur, Bihar, costs ₹303.20 crore and will link Gonudham Halt on the Barahat–Bhagalpur section with Sabour on the Bhagalpur–Sahibganj section.
  • The Barahat–Bhagalpur section currently operates at over 125 per cent capacity utilisation, causing congestion and requiring engine reversal at Bhagalpur junction.

Similar Coverage

Uttar Pradesh signs Rs 200-crore MoU with RAILONE GmbH to boost rail infrastructure (Start of March)
  • The Uttar Pradesh government signed a Rs 200-crore MoU with Germany-based RAILONE GmbH during Deputy Chief Minister Keshav Prasad Maurya’s visit to the company’s manufacturing plant in Germany.
  • The MoU aims to provide Uttar Pradesh with access to advanced technology, high-quality standards and international expertise in rail infrastructure.
  • The initiative targets strengthening connectivity, building a robust transport network and accelerating industrial development in Uttar Pradesh.
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) clears Rs 11,000 crore highway projects in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana (Mid of February)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved highway projects worth over Rs 11,000 crore in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Telangana.
  • In Maharashtra, the Ghoti–Trimbak (Mokhada)–Jawhar–Manor–Palghar stretch of National Highway-160A will be rehabilitated and upgraded at a cost of Rs 3,320.38 crore.
  • The 154.635-km NH-160A project in Maharashtra will be executed under Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) mode by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH).
  • In Gujarat, the CCEA approved four-laning of the 107.67-km Dhamasiya-Bitada/Movi and Nasarpore-Malotha sections of National Highway-56 at a cost of Rs 4,583.64 crore.
  • The NH-56 four-laning project in Gujarat is designed for 100 km per hour speed and is expected to cut travel time by 40 per cent.
  • In Telangana, the CCEA cleared widening of the 80.01-km Gudebellur to Mahabubnagar stretch of National Highway-167 at a cost of Rs 3,175.08 crore.
  • The NH-167 widening project in Telangana will be executed under Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM) through the National Highways (Original) [NH(O)] scheme.
PM Gati Shakti Plan: ₹4,474 crore multitracking projects approved for West Bengal and Jharkhand (Mid of March)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved two railway multitracking projects worth ₹4,474 crore.
  • The projects will add fourth lines on the Sainthia–Pakur and Santragachi–Kharagpur routes, adding about 192 km across West Bengal and Jharkhand.
  • Proposed by the Ministry of Railways (MoR), the works are scheduled for completion by 2030–31 under the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
  • The expansion will benefit around 5,652 villages with a combined population of nearly 1.47 crore people.
  • Freight movement is expected to rise by about 31 million tonnes annually, saving an estimated six crore litres of oil and cutting carbon emissions by nearly 28 crore kg.
  • Tourist spots gaining better rail access include Bolpur-Shantiniketan, Nandikeshwari Temple, Tarapith, Patachitra Gram, Dhadika Forest, Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary, and Rameshwar Kund.
Union Cabinet approves infrastructure projects worth Rs 12,236 crore across railways, aviation, urban transport, power and agriculture (End of February)
  • The Union Cabinet approved infrastructure and policy proposals worth Rs 12,236 crore, covering railways, aviation, urban transport, power sector reforms and agriculture.
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) cleared three railway projects—Gondia-Jabalpur doubling, Punarakh-Kiul third and fourth line, and Gamharia-Chandil third and fourth line—costing Rs 9,072 crore.
  • These railway projects span Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand, adding 307 km to the network and enhancing connectivity to 5,407 villages with a population of nearly 98 lakh.
  • The railway capacity augmentation is expected to handle 52 million tonnes of additional freight traffic per annum, save 6 crore litres of oil and cut CO2 emissions by 30 crore kg.
  • CCEA approved a new civil enclave at Srinagar International Airport at a cost of Rs 1,677 crore, featuring a 71,500 square metre terminal with peak-hour capacity of 2,900 passengers and annual capacity of 10 million passengers.
  • The Srinagar airport project includes a 1,000-car multi-level car park, apron for 15 aircraft and targets a 5-star GRIHA rating.
  • The Cabinet cleared a 3.33-km Ahmedabad Metro extension from GIFT City to Shahpur at Rs 1,067.35 crore with three elevated stations to be implemented by Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited.
  • The Ahmedabad Metro extension is projected to serve over 23,700 passengers daily by 2029 and nearly 58,000 by 2041.
  • Power sector reforms enhanced delegation to Powergrid, raising per-project equity investment limit for subsidiaries from Rs 5,000 crore to Rs 7,500 crore to boost participation in high-value tariff-based competitive bidding projects.
  • The Cabinet approved renaming Kerala to 'Keralam' through the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2026, to be referred by the President to the Kerala Legislative Assembly under Article 3 of the Constitution.
  • The Cabinet fixed the minimum support price (MSP) for raw jute (TD-3 grade) at Rs 5,925 per quintal for 2026-27, an increase of Rs 275 per quintal over the previous year.

Uttar Pradesh launches Nivesh Mitra 3.0 to streamline investor approvals

[Uttar Pradesh]

Key Updates:

  • Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launched Nivesh Mitra 3.0, an upgraded single-window investment portal, in Lucknow.
  • The portal consolidates over 530 services from 43 departments into fewer than 200 simplified services.
  • Key features include PAN-based single login, dynamic common application form, AI-powered chatbot, real-time application tracking, automated alerts, and integration with NSWS, IGRS, and GIS-based land bank systems.
  • The state government disbursed ₹2,781.12 crore in incentives to 85 industrial projects across manufacturing, automobiles, electronics, cement, and food processing sectors.
  • ₹73 crore was allocated to IT and electronics projects and ₹20 crore to food processing units.
  • 45 companies received incentives and 62 companies were issued Letters of Comfort (LoCs), together representing nearly ₹50,000 crore in investment potential and an estimated 50,000 job opportunities.
  • The earlier complex land-use approval process under Section 80 has been removed; approval under the master plan now grants automatic land-use clearance.
  • Between 2012 and 2017, only 16 Letters of Comfort were issued, rising to 3,367 in the last nine years, reflecting growing investor confidence.

Similar Coverage

NITI Aayog sanctions Rs 1.55 crore for RISE centre in NTR district (End of March)
  • NITI Aayog has sanctioned Rs 1.55 crore for the Rural Innovations Incubation, Skelling and Entrepreneurship (RISE) centre at Ibrahimpatnam in NTR district.
  • The RISE centre is located at Guntupalli in Ibrahimpatnam mandal, one of the two aspirational blocks in NTR district.
  • The centre aims to empower women and transform rural women into entrepreneurs in line with the Swarnandhra Vision @2047 and One Family - One Entrepreneur initiative.
  • Funds will be utilised for AI-based skill surveys, skill development, training programmes, and infrastructure creation in Ibrahimpam block.
  • A detailed report on the RISE centre plan was sent to NITI Aayog and approved by a special committee.
Nidhi Chhibber takes additional charge as NITI Aayog CEO as BVR Subrahmanyam tenure ends (End of February)
  • Nidhi Chhibber, Director General of the Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO), has been given additional charge as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NITI Aayog.
  • She is a 1994-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Chhattisgarh cadre and previously served as Chairperson of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
  • At NITI Aayog’s DMEO, she has been responsible for monitoring and evaluating flagship government schemes.
  • Chhibber holds a Master’s degree in History and a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), and is proficient in both English and Hindi.
  • BVR Subrahmanyam, a 1987-batch IAS officer of the Chhattisgarh cadre, completed his three-year term as CEO of NITI Aayog.
  • Subrahmanyam has served as Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Chief Secretary of Jammu & Kashmir, Principal Secretary in the Chhattisgarh government, and has also worked in the Prime Minister’s Office.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) launches UPI One World wallet for foreign delegates at India AI Impact Summit 2026 (End of February)
  • National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) extended UPI One World wallet service to international delegates attending India AI Impact Summit 2026 held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, from 16-20 February.
  • The wallet enables inbound foreign travellers from over 40 countries to perform real-time Person-to-Merchant (P2M) transactions across India without a local bank account or Indian mobile number.
  • Maximum loading limit is Rs 25,000 per transaction and Rs 50,000 per month; remaining balance can be transferred back to the original payment source per foreign exchange regulations.
  • Wallet accessible at New Delhi International Airport and NPCI Pavilion; loading done via international debit or credit cards and payments made by scanning standard UPI QR codes.
  • UPI processed 21.70 billion transactions in January 2026.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and NTT Data to launch Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in Japan (End of January)
  • The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has partnered with Japanese IT services firm NTT Data to roll out Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in Japan on a trial basis in fiscal 2026.
  • The initial phase of the service will be available to Indian tourists visiting Japan, allowing payments to be debited directly from their bank accounts in India.
  • Japan will join eight other countries that have already adopted the UPI platform, including Bhutan, Singapore, Nepal, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sri Lanka, Qatar, Mauritius, and France.
  • UPI transactions in India grew by 42 percent in fiscal 2024, reaching a total of 185.8 billion transactions.
  • A June 2025 report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) described UPI as the world’s largest real-time payment system.
  • Data from 2023 shows that 49 percent of all instant-payment transactions worldwide were processed through the UPI network.
  • NTT Data provides payment terminals and processing services to approximately six million stores in India and plans to promote UPI adoption among merchants in Japan.

World Trade Organization (WTO) to hold 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) in Yaoundé, Cameroon from March 26 to 29, 2026

[World Trade Organization]

Key Updates:

  • The World Trade Organization (WTO) will convene its 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) from March 26 to 29, 2026, in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
  • The Ministerial Conference (MC) is the highest decision-making body of the WTO and generally meets once every two years to decide on WTO law.
  • A total of 166 WTO member countries are expected to participate in the conference to deliberate on global trade rules.
  • Key agenda items include the potential incorporation of plurilateral agreements, such as the Investment Facilitation for Development and the Agreement on Electronic Commerce, into the WTO rulebook.
  • The conference will address the e-commerce moratorium, an agreement not to impose tariffs on electronic transmissions, which is scheduled to expire on March 31.
  • Members will discuss Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) for developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to provide special rights based on economic standing.
  • The United States (U.S.) has proposed prohibiting larger economies, including India, China, Brazil, and Indonesia, from accessing SDT special rights.
  • The conference aims to address the paralysis of the WTO dispute settlement system caused by the lack of appointments to the Appellate Body.
  • Since its establishment in 1995, the WTO has successfully created only two new major agreements: the Trade Facilitation Agreement and the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.

Similar Coverage

Centre for Trade and Investment Law and National Law University Odisha Organize International Conference on Role of Trade in Global Energy Transition (End of January)
  • The Centre for Trade and Investment Law (CTIL), in collaboration with the Centre for International Trade Law, National Law University Odisha (NLUO), organised a two-day International Conference on the theme 'Role of International Trade in Global Energy Transition' at the National Law University Odisha campus in Cuttack, under the aegis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Chairs Programme.
  • Justice Biraja Prasanna, Odisha High Court, Prasanna Satapathy, attended as the Chief Guest, and Professor N.L. Mitra as the Guest of Honour.
  • Ambassador Ujal Singh Bhatia, Former Chairperson, World Trade Organization Appellate Body, was present at the event.
  • Discussions focused on the role of the multilateral trading system at the intersection of international trade and global energy transition.
Ministry of Commerce signs terms of reference to launch PTA with Philippines and FTA with Maldives (Mid of March)
  • India signed terms of reference with the Philippines for a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) and with the Maldives for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
  • India’s exports to the Philippines rose 3.11 per cent to USD 2.16 billion in 2024-25, while imports dipped 17.8 per cent to USD 1.17 billion.
  • India’s exports to the Maldives dipped 37.11 per cent to USD 56.88 million in 2024-25, while imports rose 37.14 per cent to USD 118.82 million.
  • The AITIGA Joint Committee has met 11 times; the next review meeting is scheduled for 30-31 March 2026.
  • India-Korea CEPA review began in 2016 and has completed 11 negotiation rounds, the latest in Seoul in July 2024.
  • India has ongoing trade negotiations with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Canada, Australia, Sri Lanka, Peru, Chile, Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and Israel.
  • India signed FTAs with the UK and Oman last year and announced completion of negotiations with the EU and New Zealand.
World Trade Organization forecasts global trade growth to slow to 1.4-1.9% in 2026 amid Middle East conflict risks (End of March)
  • World Trade Organization (WTO) forecasts global merchandise trade growth to slow to 1.9% in 2026 from 4.6% in 2025.
  • If crude oil and liquefied natural gas prices remain high throughout 2026 due to the Middle East conflict, global trade in goods could slow further to 1.4%.
  • A prolonged blockade of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran would choke one-third of fertilizer urea imports, hitting major producers like India, Thailand, Brazil.
  • Trade in AI-enabling goods accounted for 42% of global trade growth in 2025 and increased by 21.9% year-on-year to $4.18 trillion.
  • Asia will lead merchandise import growth in 2026 with imports up 3.3% and exports up 3.5%, followed by Africa with 3.2% imports and 1.2% exports.
  • Around 72% of world trade is being conducted on a Most-Favoured-Nation basis, down from about 80% at the start of last year.
India urges WTO ministerial for time-bound tech-transfer roadmap to aid developing nations (Start of March)
  • India submitted a draft ministerial declaration asking developed members to facilitate transfer of advanced environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) to developing and least-developed countries (LDCs).
  • The declaration cites export controls on inputs such as semiconductor chips and rare earth minerals and rigid intellectual-property regimes as persistent barriers to technology access.
  • India requested developed countries to share regional and sector-specific technology needs, experiences, challenges and best practices to cut high access costs and domestic capacity constraints.
  • New Delhi proposed a detailed review of technology-transfer provisions in WTO agreements covering TRIPS, agriculture, technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
  • The text seeks operationalisation of existing TRIPS flexibilities for technology transfer and a time-bound roadmap to be adopted at the forthcoming WTO ministerial meeting later this month.

Russia to ban gasoline exports from 1 April 2026

[Russia]

Key Updates:

  • Russia plans to ban gasoline exports for the nation’s producers from 1 April 2026.
  • Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak ordered the Energy Ministry to prepare draft legislation barring gasoline exports starting next month.
  • The export ban aims to meet domestic demand as global fuel prices surge amid the war in Iran.

Similar Coverage

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) reports India bought $2.59 billion of Russian fossil fuels in January 2026. (End of February)
  • India remained the second-largest buyer of Russian energy products in January 2026 with purchases worth €2.2 billion ($2.59 billion).
  • Crude oil accounted for 78 percent of India’s Russian energy imports, amounting to €2 billion ($2.36 billion).
  • Coal imports from Russia stood at €442 million ($520.6 million) and oil products at €30 million ($35.3 million).
  • India’s overall spending on Russian hydrocarbons declined from €2.3 billion ($2.71 billion) in December 2025.
  • China’s crude oil imports from Russia rose 29 percent over the last two months to €4 billion ($4.71 billion).
  • India’s purchases of Russian crude dropped 23 percent since November 2025.
  • Reliance Industries’ Jamnagar refinery received no seaborne Russian oil in January 2026 due to Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions on Rosneft.
  • The average price of Russia’s Urals crude increased 4 percent to $54.2 per barrel in January 2026, above the EU and UK price cap of $44.1 per barrel effective from 1 February 2026.
  • India’s Russian oil imports are projected to fall to 800,000 barrels per day in March 2026, the lowest since May 2022.
  • In January 2026, India imported 1.2 million barrels per day of Russian crude and 774,000 barrels per day from Saudi Arabia.
European Union (EU) Adopts Stepwise Ban on Russian Gas and Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Imports on 26 January 2026 (End of January)
  • The 27 EU member states formally adopted a regulation to phase out imports of Russian pipeline gas and LNG.
  • The regulation serves as a key milestone in achieving the REPowerEU objective of ending the EU reliance on Russian energy.
  • The ban will start to apply six weeks after the regulation enters into force, with a full ban on LNG imports by the beginning of 2027 and pipeline gas by autumn 2027.
  • Non-compliance with the new rules may result in maximum penalties of at least €2.5 million for individuals and at least €40 million for companies.
  • Companies may face penalties of at least 3.5% of their total worldwide annual turnover or 300% of the estimated transaction turnover for violations.
  • EU member states must verify the production country of gas imports and submit national diversification plans by 1 March 2026.
  • The European Commission (EC) is authorised to suspend the import ban for up to four weeks if the security of supply is seriously threatened.
  • Following the Versailles Declaration of March 2022, Russian gas imports fell to 13% of EU imports by 2025, valued at over €15 billion annually.
  • The EC plans to propose further legislation to phase out Russian oil imports by the end of 2027.
  • Michael Damianos, the Minister for Energy, Commerce and Industry of Cyprus, stated that the move is a step towards an autonomous Energy Union.
  • India link not mentioned in the article.
Ethanol Blending Programme Mandates 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol with Minimum RON 95 from April 2026 (End of February)
  • The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) has mandated the sale of petrol with up to 20 per cent ethanol and a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95 across all states and Union Territories from April 1, 2026.
  • The mandate requires oil companies to sell ethanol-blended motor spirit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications.
  • The central government may allow exceptions to this mandate for specific regions, limited timeframes, or special situations.
  • Ethanol for the programme is produced domestically from renewable sources such as sugarcane, maize, and agricultural grain surplus.
  • The policy aims to reduce national oil imports, lower carbon emissions, and support farmers by boosting demand for agricultural produce.
  • A minimum RON of 95 is required to prevent engine knocking, which is the uneven burning of fuel that causes power loss and potential engine damage.
  • Ethanol naturally possesses a high octane value of approximately 108 RON, which increases the knock resistance of the fuel blend.
  • The target for 20 per cent ethanol blending was advanced to 2025-26 from the original 2030 deadline after India achieved 10 per cent blending in June 2022.
  • India has saved more than ₹1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange through petrol substitution since the 2014-15 period.
Philippines declares national energy emergency amid fuel supply crisis (End of March)
  • Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr declared a national energy emergency on 25 Mar 2026 citing the US-Israel war on Iran and imminent danger to the country’s energy supply.
  • The emergency declaration empowers the government to procure fuel and petroleum products and, if necessary, pay part of contract amounts in advance for one year.
  • A committee has been formed to ensure orderly movement, supply, distribution and availability of fuel, food, medicine, agricultural products and other essential goods.
  • Secretary of Energy Sharon Garin stated the country has about 45 days of fuel supply left based on current consumption levels.
  • The government is working to procure 1 million barrels of oil from countries within and outside Southeast Asia to build buffer stock.
  • Philippine Ambassador to the US Jose Manuel Romualdez said Manila is seeking US exemptions to purchase oil from countries under US sanctions, with all options including Iranian and Venezuelan oil under discussion.
  • Transport unions and senators criticised the government for lacking coordinated action; Piston federation called the emergency declaration a superficial band-aid.
  • The government is providing free bus rides for students and workers in some cities and a 5,000 peso ($83) subsidy to motorcycle taxi drivers and other public transport workers nationwide.

India Ministry of Defence signs Rs 858 crore contracts for Tunguska missile system and P8I aircraft maintenance

Key Updates:

  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed contracts worth a total of Rs 858 crore to enhance the air and maritime defence capabilities of India.
  • A contract valued at Rs 445 crore was signed with JSC Rosoboronexport, Russia, for the Tunguska Air Defence Missile System.
  • The Tunguska system is intended to strengthen multi-layered air defence against aircraft, drones, and cruise missiles.
  • A maintenance contract worth Rs 413 crore was executed with Boeing India Defense Pvt Ltd for the P8I Long-Range Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft.
  • The P8I aircraft contract involves 100% indigenous content for depot-level maintenance to ensure in-country upkeep for the Indian Navy.
  • The agreements were signed at Kartavya Bhawan-2 in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh.
  • The P8I maintenance initiative aligns with the Make-in-India and Aatmanirbhar Bharat programmes of the government.

Similar Coverage

Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approves procurement of 114 Rafale jets worth Rs 3.25 lakh crore (Mid of February)
  • Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by defence minister Rajnath Singh approved the procurement of 114 Rafale fighter jets from France.
  • The government-to-government deal with Dassault Aviation is estimated at Rs 3.25 lakh crore, making it India’s biggest defence deal since Independence.
  • About 20 aircraft will be bought in fly-away condition and are expected to join the Indian Air Force (IAF) fleet by 2030.
  • The remaining jets will be manufactured in India with Dassault-HAL collaboration and up to 50-60% indigenous content.
  • IAF currently operates 36 Rafale jets; Indian Navy has ordered 26 naval variants, bringing the eventual total to 150 Rafales.
  • DAC also cleared procurement of P-8I Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft from Boeing, combat missiles, high-altitude pseudo satellite, anti-tank mines (Vibhav), overhaul of T-72 tanks, BMP-II infantry combat vehicles and armoured recovery vehicles, and an electro-optical infra-red system for Coast Guard Dorniers.
  • The combined value of all acquisitions approved on Thursday is Rs 3.6 lakh crore.
Defence Ministry signs Rs 5,083 crore contracts for ALH Mk-III helicopters and Shtil missiles (Start of March)
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed contracts worth Rs 5,083 crore for six Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-III (Maritime Role) and Surface-to-Air Vertical Launch - Shtil missiles.
  • The ALH Mk-III contract valued at Rs 2,901 crore was signed with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
  • The helicopters include operational role equipment, an engineering support package, and performance-based logistics support for the Indian Coast Guard.
  • The Shtil missile contract valued at Rs 2,182 crore was signed with JSC Rosoboronexport of the Russian Federation.
  • The acquisition aims to enhance the Indian Navy's layered air defence and the Indian Coast Guard's maritime security capabilities.
India signs ₹1.82 trillion defence contracts in first nine months of FY26 (Start of January)
  • Contracts worth ₹1.82 trillion have been signed in nine months through December to acquire weapons and equipment for the armed forces.
  • Approximately ₹1.2 trillion of the ₹1.49 trillion capital-acquisition budget for FY26 had been utilised by the third quarter ending December.
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) total budgetary allocation for FY26 is ₹6.81 trillion, of which ₹1.8 trillion—over 26%—is earmarked for capital outlay on defence services.
  • The MoD aims to double the usual 10% increase and seek a 20% rise in the modernisation component for the FY27 defence budget.
Ministry of Defence signs Rs 4,666 crore contracts for CQB Carbines and Heavy Weight Torpedoes (Start of January)
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed contracts worth Rs 4,666 crore for procurement of Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbine and Heavy Weight Torpedoes.
  • Over 4.25 lakh CQB carbines, along with accessories worth Rs 2,770 crore, were contracted with Bharat Forge Ltd and PLR Systems Pvt Ltd for the Indian Army and Indian Navy.
  • The CQB Carbine provides rapid, decisive lethality in confined spaces and replaces legacy systems under the 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' vision.
  • The contract for 48 Heavy Weight Torpedoes for Kalvari Class Submarines (P-75) of the Indian Navy, worth Rs 1,896 crore, was signed with WASS Submarine Systems S.R.L., Italy.
  • Delivery of torpedoes will commence in April 2028 and be completed by early 2030.

China stations over 200 converted J-6 fighter drones near Taiwan Strait

[China, Taiwan]

Key Updates:

  • Satellite imagery reviewed by the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies shows rows of ageing J-6 aircraft positioned across at least six bases in Fujian and Guangdong provinces.
  • Senior fellow J Michael Dahm said the People’s Liberation Army has deployed an estimated 200 or more such platforms near the strait.
  • The J-6 fighter, derived from the Soviet-era MiG-19, has been converted into drones designated J-6W.
  • Dahm estimates that more than 500 such aircraft may have been converted, with a significant portion now positioned near Taiwan.
  • Kuwait Petroleum CEO Sheikh Nawaf Saud Al-Sabah said, "There is no substitute for the Strait of Hormuz," underlining the global stakes after Iran restricted access through the strait.

Similar Coverage

Japan to deploy surface-to-air missiles on Yonaguni island by March 2031 (End of February)
  • Japan plans to deploy medium-range surface-to-air missiles to its remote western island of Yonaguni by March 2031.
  • Yonaguni island is located approximately 110 kilometres from the shores of Taiwan.
  • The Japanese-made missile system features a range of 50 kilometres, 360-degree capability, and the ability to track up to 100 targets simultaneously.
  • An electronic warfare unit designed to disrupt enemy communications and radar is scheduled for establishment on the island in fiscal year 2026.
  • The island currently hosts a coastal surveillance unit staffed by approximately 160 members of the Japan Self-Defence Force (JSDF).
  • Defence Minister Shinjiro Koizumi confirmed the deployment timeline following export curbs imposed by China on 20 Japanese entities.
  • The missile system is capable of engaging up to 12 targets at once and intercepting incoming aircraft and missiles.
China commissions upgraded Type 052D guided missile destroyer Loudi (Start of January)
  • The Chinese People's’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy has commissioned a new Type 052D guided missile destroyer named Loudi.
  • Zhang Shengwei, a crew member of the Loudi, said the warship adopts a new system and architecture, giving it enhanced combat capabilities in air defence, sea attack and task force command.
  • The Loudi can conduct long-range assault and strike missions against its targets and also defend friendly ships in defensive missions.
  • With the addition of Loudi, the Chinese navy has added 11 combat vessels, including the aircraft carrier Fujian, in 2025.
  • China’s four largest shipyards - Dalian, Guangzhou, Jiangnan and Hudong-Zhonghua - produced 39 warships with a combined displacement of 550,000 tonnes between 2019 and 2023.
  • China launched a fourth Hangor-class submarine named Ghazi for Pakistan last month; Pakistan has signed an agreement with China for eight Hangor-class submarines.
China reveals details of Hurricane 3000 high-power microwave weapon on January 7, 2026 (Start of January)
  • Norinco developed the Hurricane 3000, a truck-mounted high-power microwave (HPM) weapon designed to neutralize drone swarms.
  • The Hurricane 3000 system has an effective interception range exceeding 3 km against light and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
  • The HPM weapon is categorized as a "hard kill" solution because it uses electromagnetic energy to physically incapacitate electronic components.
  • The system utilizes radar for identification and electro-optical sensors for visual acquisition and precise tracking of aerial targets.
  • The Hurricane 3000 can be integrated with laser weapons and traditional artillery to form an "iron triangle" against drones.
  • High-power microwave systems offer an unlimited "magazine" and low cost per engagement compared to traditional missile or gun-based interceptors.
  • The United States (US) Army's HPM weapon, Leonidas, developed by Epirus, has a reported effective range of up to 2 km.
  • A prototype of the Leonidas system was deployed during the Balikatan joint military exercise in the Philippines in April 2025.
  • China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation has developed another HPM platform known as the FK-4000.
  • The Hurricane 3000 was first unveiled at the Zhuhai Airshow in 2024 alongside a smaller system known as the Hurricane 2000.
Taiwan completes maiden underwater sea trial of first domestically developed submarine Narwhal (End of January)
  • Taiwan completed the maiden underwater sea trial for its first domestically developed submarine Narwhal on Thursday off Kaohsiung port.
  • CSBC Corp, leading the programme to build eight submarines, announced the shallow-water submerged navigation test completion.
  • The submarine programme has drawn expertise and technology from several countries, including the United States and Britain.
  • The first submarine, costing T$49.36 billion ($1.58 billion), will use a Lockheed Martin Corp combat system and U.S.-made Mark 48 heavyweight torpedoes.
  • Taiwan aims to deploy at least two domestically developed submarines by 2027 and may equip later models with missiles.

India supports Bangladesh’s call for justice over 1971 genocide by Pakistan

[Bangladesh]

Key Updates:

  • India on Friday backed Bangladesh’s ‘desire for justice’ for the genocide committed by Pakistan during Operation Searchlight in 1971.
  • Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said the atrocities involved the systematic murder of millions of Bangladeshi people and mass sexual crimes against women.
  • Jaiswal noted the atrocities forced millions to flee to India as refugees and shook the conscience of the world.
  • Bangladesh Prime Minister Tarique Rahman wrote on 25 March 2026 calling the Pakistani action a pre-planned massacre and one of the most heinous genocides in history.
  • Pakistan maintains that all 1971 issues were settled through the 1974 tripartite agreement signed between New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
  • Dhaka has consistently demanded a formal apology from Islamabad for the 1971 acts committed by its military.

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Gambia and Myanmar begin International Court of Justice (ICJ) hearings on 12 January 2026 (Mid of January)
  • Public hearings opened on 12 January 2026 at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in a landmark case brought by the Gambia against Myanmar, alleging violations of the Genocide Convention.
  • The proceedings, held at the Peace Palace in The Hague, mark the start of the merits phase in the case, after years of preliminary legal arguments.
  • Judge Iwasawa Yuji, President of the ICJ, outlined a detailed schedule that includes two rounds of pleadings by Gambia and Myanmar, as well as closed sessions to hear testimony.
  • Gambia filed its application in November 2019, accusing Myanmar of breaching the Genocide Convention through acts allegedly committed during 'clearance operations' carried out by the Myanmar military, or Tatmadaw.
  • In January 2020, the Court unanimously ordered provisional measures, directing Myanmar to take all steps within its power to prevent genocidal acts against the Rohingya and preserve evidence.
  • The ICJ is the United Nations’ (UN) principal judicial organ; it settles legal disputes between States and determines State responsibility rather than trying individuals.
Sheikh Hasina Sentenced to 10 Years Imprisonment as Deposed Prime Minister of Bangladesh (Start of February)
  • The Dhaka Special Judge's Court sentenced 79-year-old deposed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to 10 years of rigorous imprisonment in absentia across two corruption cases.
  • The sentencing involves alleged irregularities in the allocation of residential plots under the Rajuk New Town Project in Purbachol.
  • The court sentenced Hasina's nieces, Tulip Siddiq (United Kingdom (UK) Labour Member of Parliament (MP) and former British minister) and Azaman Siddiq, and her nephew, Radwan Mujib Siddiq Bobby, to seven years of rigorous imprisonment in absentia.
  • Other accused individuals, including a former junior minister for housing, a former secretary of the ministry, and a former Rajuk Chairman, were sentenced to five years of imprisonment.
  • Khurshid Alam, a senior official of Rajuk, was the only individual among the 16 accused who was tried in person and present during the verdict.
  • Sheikh Hasina was previously sentenced to 21 years' imprisonment on 27 November following a complaint by the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC).
  • Her children, Sajeeb Wazed Joy and Saima Wazed Putul, were each handed five-year prison sentences in a separate case involving Rajuk plots.
  • A special tribunal earlier sentenced the former Prime Minister, currently in exile in India, to death for crimes against humanity during the July Uprising on 5 August 2024.
Nepal and India sign Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (End of February)
  • The Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters was signed on Tuesday at the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs in Kathmandu.
  • The agreement enables Nepal and India to cooperate in criminal investigations and legal proceedings.
  • It aims to strengthen cooperation in investigation, prosecution and judicial processes related to criminal cases.
  • The agreement facilitates exchange of legal assistance including evidence collection, information sharing and coordination between competent authorities.
  • It is expected to help minimise financial crime in Nepal and make criminal investigation, accusation and judicial procedure more effective.
  • The agreement will also help combat money laundering and financial investment in terrorist activities.
  • Joint Secretary Binod Kumar Bhattarai signed on behalf of the Nepal government.
  • Indian Ambassador to Nepal Naveen Srivastava signed on behalf of the Indian government.
India and Bangladesh begin talks on Ganges Water Sharing Treaty renewal on January 02, 2026 (Start of January)
  • India and Bangladesh have begun talks on renewing the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty, set to expire in Dec 2026 - 30 years after it was signed - according to officials.
  • Both started measuring water levels in the Ganga and Padma, with measurements to be recorded every 10 days till May 31.
  • Central Water Commission (CWC) deputy director Saurabh Kumar and CWC assistant director Sunny Arora are in Bangladesh, while a four-member Bangladeshi team is in India, the officials said.
  • Senior Bangladesh water resource ministry official Shibber Hossain said 'special attention' was being given to the Indian team's security.

Indian Army tests new Shaurya drone squadrons for armoured regiments at Babina

Key Updates:

  • The Indian Army (IA) is equipping its armoured regiments with dedicated drone units known as Shaurya Squadrons to support surveillance, precision strikes, electronic warfare, and logistics.
  • A 13-day drill was conducted at the Babina Field Firing Ranges near Jhansi to demonstrate the integration of drone assets with mechanised forces and attack helicopters.
  • The exercise was led by the White Tiger Division under the Sudarshan Chakra Corps and witnessed by the Southern Army Commander, Lt Gen Dhiraj Seth.
  • The Shaurya Squadrons aim to compress the sensor-to-shooter cycle and enhance battlefield awareness by providing real-time surveillance for tank formations.
  • Approximately five to six Shaurya Squadrons have been activated so far, though formal raising will occur after official approval is received.
  • The IA operates 63 armoured regiments with a total fleet of roughly 4,500 tanks, including T-90S Bhishma, upgraded T-72 M1 Ajeya, and Arjun MK1/MK1A variants.
  • The initiative draws lessons from Operation Sindoor and drone-centric global conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war to institutionalise Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) capabilities.
  • The IA has previously raised Ashni platoons in the infantry for tactical intelligence and Divyastra batteries in the artillery to integrate UAV-based targeting with conventional guns.

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Indian Army Southern Command concludes 13-day mechanised warfare exercise Amogh Jwala in Uttar Pradesh (End of March)
  • The Southern Command of the Indian Army conducted a 13-day exercise named Amogh Jwala at the Babina Field Firing Ranges in Uttar Pradesh.
  • The exercise commenced on 6 March and aimed to validate technology-driven mechanised warfare capabilities in a multi-domain operational environment.
  • Lieutenant General Dhiraj Seth, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command, witnessed the culmination of the drills.
  • The exercise integrated mechanised forces with Attack Helicopters, Fighter Aircraft, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), and counter-drone systems.
  • It focused on the seamless integration of land, air, cyber, space, Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR), and Electronic Warfare (EW) capabilities.
  • The drills featured real-time drone-enabled surveillance, target acquisition, precision engagement, and advanced battlefield technologies.
India tests Sheshnaag-150 long-range swarm-attack drone with 1,000 km range (Mid of March)
  • Sheshnaag-150 is a long-range swarm-attack drone under development by Bengaluru-based Newspace Research Technologies.
  • The drone made its maiden flight about a year ago and is currently undergoing testing and development.
  • It has an operational range of over 1,000 km and can remain airborne for more than five hours.
  • The platform can carry warheads weighing between 25 kg and 40 kg for precision strikes on infrastructure, vehicles or personnel.
  • Development gained urgency after Operation Sindoor when the Indian military asked the company to accelerate work on indigenous long-range swarming strike capability.
  • The drone operates as part of a coordinated swarm-attack system using proprietary control software that enables autonomous target identification, tracking and engagement with minimal human supervision.
  • Sheshnaag-150 is designed to function even in GPS-denied environments and is likely to adopt a visual navigation system to counter satellite signal jamming.
Indian Air Force conducts Exercise Vayu Shakti 2026 at Pokhran Field Firing Range (Start of March)
  • Exercise Vayu Shakti 2026 was held at the Pokhran Field Firing Range with President Droupadi Murmu as Chief Guest.
  • The theme of the exercise was 'From Inception to Execution'.
  • A total of 77 aircraft including Rafale, Su-30MKI, MiG-29, Mirage 2000, Jaguar, C-17, C-130J, IL-76, IL-78, AN-32 and Embraer participated.
  • Indigenous systems Akash and SPYDER air defence systems successfully neutralised simulated aerial threats.
  • Chinook helicopters airlifted M-777 Ultra-Light Howitzers in underslung mode for the first time.
  • Approximately 120 tonnes of ordnance were delivered over a two-square-kilometre area in three hours.
  • A first-ever drone show depicted India’s map, Air Force formations, 1965 Sargodha strike, Kargil’s Tiger Hill bombing, Balakot air strike and Operation Sindoor.
Indian Army and Shield AI Sign Deal for V-BAT Unmanned Aerial Systems (End of January)
  • The Indian Army signed an agreement with the United States (US) defence technology company Shield AI for the procurement of the V-BAT unmanned aerial system (UAS).
  • The V-BAT is a Group 3 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) without the requirement for runways or launch infrastructure.
  • Powered by a heavy-fuel engine, the aircraft has an endurance of more than 12 hours and can operate in environments where Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are disrupted.
  • The drones will be equipped with Hivemind, an artificial intelligence (AI) autonomy software platform that enables beyond-visual-range operations with limited human input.
  • Shield AI has partnered with India-based JSW Defence to establish a manufacturing facility at EMC Maheshwaram in Hyderabad, Telangana.
  • The 90 million US Dollar investment will enable large-scale production of V-BATs in India to serve the Indian Armed Forces and function as a global production hub.
  • Construction of the Hyderabad manufacturing facility by JSW Defence commenced in December 2025.
  • The V-BAT drones have been utilised in the Ukraine conflict to identify air defence systems, military headquarters, and drone control sites.
  • In 2025, the drones executed more than 35 missions and identified over 200 Russian targets in the Ukraine warzone.
  • Shield AI previously signed a deal with the Japanese Navy on 22 January 2026 for regional deterrence efforts in the Indo-Pacific.
  • The company was founded in 2015 by Brandon Tseng, a former US Navy SEAL, along with Ryan Tseng and Andrew Reiter.
  • Other customers of the V-BAT system include the US Coast Guard, US Marines, and several foreign militaries.
  • The company's first product, an autonomous quadcopter called Nova, was used by Israeli forces in October 2023 to explore tunnel networks in the Gaza Strip.
  • Shield AI has a reported valuation of 5.6 billion US Dollars as of 2025.

Iran Claims Deployment of Qader Cruise Missile Against United States Aircraft Carrier USS Abraham Lincoln

Key Updates:

  • The Qader cruise missile is a shore-based anti-ship weapon developed by Iran to target naval vessels such as warships and tankers.
  • It is an upgraded version of the Noor missile, which is based on a Chinese missile design.
  • The missile has a reported operational range of between 120 and 300 kilometres.
  • It carries a warhead containing approximately 200 kilograms of high explosives.
  • The system utilizes a turbojet engine and employs a sea-skimming flight path at low altitudes to avoid radar detection.
  • In its final phase, the missile uses active radar guidance to lock onto and strike moving targets.
  • The United States (US) Navy aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln is protected by the Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), Sea Sparrow missiles, and Aegis defence systems.
  • Iran previously claimed that the carrier was targeted on 1 March 2026 using four ballistic missiles launched by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

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DRDO successfully completes three VSHORADS flight-trials in Chandipur, Odisha (Start of March)
  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted three flight-trials of the indigenously developed VSHORADS (Very Short-Range Air Defence System) from Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha.
  • VSHORADS is a man-portable air defence system designed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in collaboration with other DRDO laboratories and Indian industry partners.
  • The missile system is intended to meet the requirements of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.
  • All missiles intercepted and destroyed high-speed aerial targets mimicking enemy aircraft in various threat scenarios.
  • Tests were carried out in final deployment configuration with target acquisition and missile firing by field operators.
  • Flight data collected by Telemetry, Electro-Optical Tracking System, and Radars at ITR, Chandipur, confirmed VSHORADS effectiveness against a broad spectrum of aerial threats.
  • User validation trials were witnessed by Joint Forces representatives and senior DRDO and industry officials.
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, the Armed Forces, and industry, stating the system can soon be inducted.
Iran fires Sejjil missile for first time in West Asia conflict (Mid of March)
  • Iran’s Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC) launched the domestically developed Sejjil missile on 15 March 2026 against Israeli and American targets as part of the ‘True Promise 4’ operation.
  • The Sejjil is a two-stage, solid-propellant medium-range ballistic missile with a range of approximately 2,000 kilometres and a payload capacity of around 700 kilograms.
  • First test launch of Sejjil took place in 2008; improved variants include Sejjil-2 and the speculated Sejjil-3 under development.
  • The missile measures about 18 metres in length, 1.25 metres in diameter and has a launch weight of roughly 23,600 kilograms according to the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
  • Nicknamed the ‘dancing missile’, Sejjil can manoeuvre at high altitudes to evade missile defence systems such as Israel’s Iron Dome.
Saab showcases RBS-15 Gungnir missile capabilities against Russian S-400 components on January 14, 2026 (Mid of January)
  • Swedish aerospace and defence company, Saab (Saab), has showcased the capabilities of its RBS-15 missile to destroy the componenets Russian S-400 system.
  • RBS15 Gungnir, utilising the RBS15 Mk4 anti-ship missile (RBS15), is a highly optimised anti-ship missile with land attack capability, designed to give the forces an edge in increasingly complex conflict scenarios.
  • The RBS15 can integrate with aircraft, ships and trucks to provide a complete system solution, including the JAS 39 Gripen (Gripen) fighter jet and Visby-class corvette.
  • A Gripen-launched missile destroyed a target identified as a Russian 91N6 surveillance and tracking radar—the backbone of the S-400 'Triumf', which is a 3D radar with a claimed detection range of up to 600 km.
  • The promotional video also demonstrated that one of the launchers from a Russian surface-to-air missile system is also destroyed and the naval target, meanwhile, was the Chinese Type 052D destroyers.
  • The RBS15 has evolved since 1984, and the Swedish defence ministry previously ordered the RBS-15 Mk4 Gungnir in 2017.
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) debuts Long Range Anti-Ship Hypersonic Missile (LR-AShM) at 77th Republic Day Parade (End of January)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) displayed the Long Range Anti-Ship Hypersonic Missile (LR-AShM) for the first time at the 77th Republic Day Parade on Kartavya Path.
  • The LR-AShM is designed to meet the coastal battery requirements of the Indian Navy and can engage static and moving targets within a range of around 1,500 kilometers.
  • The missile follows a quasi-ballistic trajectory, starts at hypersonic speed of Mach 10, maintains an average speed of Mach 5, and uses a two-stage solid propulsion rocket motor system.
  • After Stage-II burnout, the vehicle performs an unpowered glide with manoeuvres in the atmosphere, making detection by enemy radars difficult due to low-altitude, high-speed flight.
  • Versions with ranges up to 3,500 kilometers are under development and the missile is expected to be inducted into the Indian Navy in two to three years.
  • The LR-AShM draws key components from the submarine-launched ballistic missile Sagarika (K-15) and the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile.
  • DRDO successfully tested the missile on 16 November 2024 from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha.
  • DRDO also achieved a ground test run of over 12 minutes with its Actively Cooled Scramjet Full Scale Combustor earlier this month, building on a subscale test of more than 1,000 seconds conducted on 25 April last year.
  • In September 2020, DRDO demonstrated hypersonic air-breathing scramjet technology with the Hypersonic Technology Demonstration Vehicle flight test from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Launch Complex.

India participates as partner country in G7 Foreign Ministers meeting in France

[France]

Key Updates:

  • External Affairs Minister (EAM) S Jaishankar represented India at the Group of 7 (G7) foreign ministers' meeting held at Abbaye des-Vaux-de-Cernay, France.
  • France, the current chair of the G7, invited India, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Brazil to attend the meeting as partner countries.
  • The EAM addressed the concerns of the Global South regarding energy challenges, fertiliser supplies, food security, and the cascading fallout of the West Asian conflict.
  • India highlighted the urgent need for United Nations Security Council (UNSC) reforms, streamlining peacekeeping operations, and strengthening humanitarian supply chains.
  • The EAM emphasised the importance of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and the utility of India's free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United Kingdom (UK), and the European Union (EU).
  • India and France agreed to continue close coordination to jointly work towards ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi confirmed his participation in the annual G7 summit scheduled to take place in Evian, France, from 15 June to 17 June.
  • The EAM held bilateral talks with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan, German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha.
  • Additional meetings were held with Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand, South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun, Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, Japan Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, and Brazilian Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira.
  • The G7 comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the United States (US), and the EU.
  • The meeting acknowledged India's current role as the holder of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) presidency.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attend G7 summit in France from 15-17 June (End of March)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi confirmed his participation in the G7 summit scheduled in France from 15 to 17 June.
  • External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and French Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noel Barrot welcomed Modi’s confirmation during their meeting on the sidelines of the G7 foreign ministers' meeting at Abbaye des Vaux-de-Cernay.
  • France highlighted India’s contribution to G7 work on macroeconomic imbalances and international partnerships, noting India’s current BRICS presidency.
  • Jaishankar and Barrot agreed to continue close coordination to ensure safety of the Strait of Hormuz amid West Asia conflict-related energy disruptions.
  • French President Emmanuel Macron and PM Modi, during Macron’s 17-19 February India visit, elevated bilateral ties to a 'Special Global Strategic Partnership' and jointly inaugurated the 2026 India-France Year of Innovation in Mumbai.
India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visits United States for Critical Minerals Ministerial from 2 to 5 February 2026 (Start of February)
  • External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar embarked on a three-day visit to the United States (US) from 2 February to 5 February 2026.
  • The EAM will participate in the Critical Minerals Ministerial convened by the US Secretary of State, Marco Rubio.
  • The ministerial meeting focuses on supply chain resilience, clean energy transitions, and strategic cooperation in critical minerals.
  • S. Jaishankar is expected to hold a bilateral meeting with Marco Rubio to discuss a proposed trade deal and address the downturn in strategic relations.
  • The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) stated that the visit includes meetings with senior members of the US administration.
  • Earlier on 29 January 2026, the EAM held talks with the US Ambassador to India, Sergio Gor, covering defence, trade, and critical minerals.
World Economic Forum releases 2026 Global Risks Report highlighting geoeconomic confrontation as top business worry (Mid of January)
  • Geoeconomic confrontation leaps to the top spot on the list of business worries over the next two years.
  • The potential for adverse outcomes of artificial intelligence moved from 30th place among short-term risks as of last year to fifth place among long-term risks.
  • Global power rivalries and strategic standoffs top the list of most severe near-term risks heading into 2026.
  • Misinformation and disinformation rank second on the WEF's list of short-term risks, followed by societal polarization.
  • Extreme weather remains the top concern among surveyed leaders for the next decade.
India fields largest-ever CEO delegation at World Economic Forum 2026 Davos summit (Mid of January)
  • More than 80 Indian CEOs are slated to attend the World Economic Forum's 56th annual conference in Davos from January 19 to 23.
  • Senior Union ministers and delegations from a record nine states will spotlight efforts to engage global investors.
  • Expected Indian corporate attendees include N Chandrasekaran of Tata Sons, Sunil Mittal of Bharti Group, Sajjan Jindal of JSW Group, Anish Shah of Mahindra Group, and Infosys non-executive chairman Nandan Nilekani.
  • States sending delegations include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Kerala, some led by chief ministers such as Devendra Fadnavis and N Chandrababu Naidu.
  • The WEF 2026 will feature six leaders of the G7, 65 heads of state and government, 850 top CEOs and chairpersons and around 100 leading unicorns and technology leaders.

United States to print banknotes bearing sitting President Donald Trump’s signature for 250th anniversary

[United States]

Key Updates:

  • President Donald Trump will become the first sitting US president to have his signature appear on US banknotes.
  • Trump’s signature will be printed alongside Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent’s signature.
  • The first $100 bills with the new signatures will be issued in June 2026.
  • The move marks America’s 250th anniversary and ends the 1861 tradition of featuring only the US treasurer’s signature.

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U.S. dollar hits four-year low as President Trump signals tolerance of decline (End of January)
  • The U.S. dollar dropped to a four-year low against a basket of currencies on 28 January 2026.
  • President Donald Trump described the dollar’s value as "great" when asked if it had fallen too far.
  • The dollar had already fallen 10% during 2025 before the latest slide.
  • Analysts noted Trump’s stance effectively green-lights further dollar selling by markets.
  • A weaker dollar benefits U.S. multinationals’ foreign revenue conversion but risks importing inflation.
Ahmed al-Sharaa Unveiled New Banknotes as Interim President (End of December)
  • Ahmed al-Sharaa, the interim President of Syria, introduced the country's new banknotes at a ceremony in Damascus to replace political imagery with agricultural symbols.
  • Abdul Qader Hosriya, the Governor of the Central Bank, announced that the currency exchange process will be completed within 90 days.
  • The new currency, which enters circulation on 1 January, features denominations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 Syrian pounds following the removal of two zeros.
  • Bashar al-Assad, who ruled Syria for nearly 25 years, was ousted and fled to Russia in December 2024.
  • Hafez al-Assad, the father of the ousted leader, ruled the country from 1971 until his death in 2000.
  • Syria's official news agency (SANA) reported that the new currency design is an expression of national identity and a move away from the veneration of individuals.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launches pilot ‘Awareness Program on Digital Payments’ for 10 lakh participants in Maharashtra. (Mid of March)
  • The sixth edition of Digital Payments Awareness Week (DPAW) is being observed during March 9-13, 2026.
  • RBI Governor Shri Sanjay Malhotra launched the pilot program titled 'Awareness Program on Digital Payments'.
  • The pilot will be conducted in Maharashtra in partnership with CSC e-Governance Services India Limited.
  • The pilot will include in-person awareness programs for 10 lakh participants in rural and semi-urban areas through Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs).
  • RBI also launched a multi-media awareness campaign 'Thoda Dhyan Se' to encourage users to be careful while making payments and transacting online.
  • Governor Shri Sanjay Malhotra interacted with Managing Directors/Chief Executive Officers of select Payment Systems Operators (PSOs) after the launch.
  • Deputy Governors Shri T Rabi Sankar, Dr Poonam Gupta, and Shri S C Murmu attended the launch event.
India and European Union (EU) Sign Administrative Arrangement on Advanced Electronic Signatures on 27 January 2026 (Start of February)
  • India and the EU signed an Administrative Arrangement on Advanced Electronic Signatures and Seals on 27 January 2026 to enable secure cross-border digital transactions.
  • The agreement was formalised between the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT) of the European Commission.
  • Implementation on the Indian side will be managed by MeitY through the Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) under the framework of the Information Technology Act, 2000.
  • The arrangement establishes a structured framework for cooperation on the interoperability of electronic signatures, electronic seals, and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) systems.
  • Both parties intend to link their trusted lists of recognised service providers to facilitate the validation of digital signatures and seals issued in India and the EU.
  • The pact is designed to benefit Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and exporters by reducing transaction costs, time, and verification efforts in cross-border trade.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) signs ₹16,420 crore loan deals for four projects in India

[Japan International Cooperation Agency]

Key Updates:

  • Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) signed four Official Development Assistance loan agreements with the Government of India totalling ₹16,420 crore.
  • The agreements cover Maharashtra tertiary healthcare and medical education, Punjab sustainable horticulture, Bengaluru Metro Phase 3, and Mumbai Metro Line 11.
  • Maharashtra project loan is 62,294 million Japanese Yen, Punjab horticulture project is 18,684 million Japanese Yen, Bengaluru Metro Phase 3 is 102,480 million Japanese Yen, and Mumbai Metro Line 11 is 92,400 million Japanese Yen.
  • Alok Tiwari, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and Takeuchi Takuro, Chief Representative of JICA India Office, signed the loan agreement in New Delhi.

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Axis Bank launches Rooftop Solar Finance for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) (Start of February)
  • Axis Bank has launched Rooftop Solar Finance, a tailored financing solution to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in transitioning to solar energy.
  • Under this programme, MSMEs can avail collateral-free loans ranging from ₹10 lakh to ₹2 crore.
  • The financing scheme offers flexible repayment tenures ranging from 4 to 7 years.
  • The product is available nationwide through the branch network of Axis Bank.
  • Axis Bank has partnered with leading Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and a Technology Partner to provide transparency regarding system costs and projected savings.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) guarantees $197.67 million to Citibank N.A. for SBI rooftop solar refinancing. (End of February)
  • Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) issued a five-year guarantee of $197.67 million to Citibank N.A. for its loan to State Bank of India (SBI).
  • The guarantee supports refinancing of a $500 million World Bank facility for grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic systems for commercial and industrial users across India.
  • SBI launched the programme in 2016 with World Bank financing and technical assistance and has achieved 1,004 MW of rooftop solar installations.
  • Citibank acted as sole lender and coordinator, building on a 2024 collaboration.
  • The refinancing is expected to reduce borrowing costs and diversify funding sources while shifting loan exposure to commercial lenders.
  • SBI must allocate 7.5% of domestic advances to green financing as India requires $160 billion to $300 billion annually to reach net zero by 2070.
World Bank Group and India launch Country Partnership Framework with USD 8-10 billion annual financing (Start of February)
  • The World Bank Group (WBG) and India announced a new Country Partnership Framework (CPF) envisaging USD 8-10 billion in annual financing over the next five years.
  • The CPF is aligned with India's Viksit Bharat vision to become a developed economy by 2047 and was discussed between Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and WBG President Ajay Banga.
  • The partnership prioritises private sector-led job creation to accommodate the approximately 12 million young people entering India's labour market each year.
  • The strategy focuses on five key sectors for job creation: infrastructure and energy, agribusiness, health care, tourism, and value-added manufacturing.
  • The framework targets four strategic outcomes: boosting rural prosperity, supporting urban transformation, investing in energy security and core infrastructure, and strengthening resilience.
  • India is the largest client of the WBG, with International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) commitments of USD 20 billion across 79 projects.
  • The International Finance Corporation (IFC) holds commitments of USD 16.72 billion across 174 projects in India.
  • The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) has provided USD 618 million in guarantees for Indian projects.

Bengaluru UV index hits 13, causing surge in skin and eye disorders

Key Updates:

  • Bengaluru’s ultraviolet (UV) index reached 13 this year, exceeding the usual summer peak of 12.
  • UV levels above 8 are classified as harmful and can cause significant skin and eye damage.
  • Gleneagles BGS Hospital (Kengeri) reports that prolonged exposure at this level risks eyesight loss, metabolic issues and heat syncope.
  • Apollo Medical Centre dermatologists recorded patient visits for UV-induced sunburn, itching, redness, oozing lesions and allergic reactions starting in the second half of February.
  • Long-term UV exposure accelerates skin ageing, worsens melasma and freckles, and carries a potential skin cancer risk.
  • Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital (Yelahanka) states short-term UV exposure can trigger photokeratitis and photoconjunctivitis, causing redness, light sensitivity and grittiness.
  • Chronic UV exposure can lead to pterygium, pinguecula, corneal degeneration, cataract formation, retinal damage, age-related macular degeneration and eyelid cancers such as basal or squamous cell carcinoma.

Similar Coverage

No similar coverage


Nokia elevates Samar Mittal as India country business leader and appoints Vibha Mehra as country manager

[Nokia India]

Key Updates:

  • Nokia has elevated Samar Mittal as country business leader for India and appointed Vibha Mehra as country manager for India effective from April 1, 2026.
  • Mittal will execute Nokia’s go-to-market strategy in India and shape its strategic direction with telecom operators, AI and cloud providers, and mission-critical enterprises.
  • Mehra will drive Nokia’s communications strategy, spearhead government relations, shape the India site strategy, advance the people agenda, and steer CSR priorities.
  • Before this role Mittal was vice president at Nokia and recently led the cloud and network services business across the Middle East and Africa region.
  • Before this role Mehra was vice president for government relations at Nokia and led the company’s geopolitics and government relations function across the Asia Pacific region.

Similar Coverage

Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Launches 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026 (End of March)
  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications has launched the second edition of the 5G Innovation Hackathon 2026.
  • The initiative is organised under the 100 5G Use Case Labs Initiative to develop scalable solutions using 5G and allied technologies.
  • The hackathon is open to students, start-ups, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and independent innovators across India.
  • Submissions are accepted from 20 March 2026 until 17 April 2026 through designated nodal centres at academic institutions.
  • A seed funding pool of ₹50 lakh has been allocated for prototype development, while the total prize pool exceeds ₹10 lakh.
  • Prize rewards are structured as ₹5,00,000 for the first prize, ₹3,00,000 for the runner-up, ₹1,50,000 for the second runner-up, and ₹50,000 for the Best Idea Award.
  • Up to 25 teams will receive assistance for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) filing to protect and commercialise their solutions.
  • Final results will be announced on 1 October 2026, and winners will showcase their innovations at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026.
  • Focus areas include 5G Advanced, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), 5G RedCap (Reduced Capability), Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN).
Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) hosts Demo Day for Cohort-II of Samarth Incubation Program (Mid of March)
  • The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), an autonomous R&D institution under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), hosted the Demo Day for Cohort-II of the Samarth Incubation Program in New Delhi.
  • Launched in March 2025, the Samarth program supports up to 36 startups across two cohorts in areas such as 5G/6G technologies, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and quantum technologies.
  • Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) and TiE (The Indus Entrepreneurs) serve as the implementation partners for this telecom and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector incubation initiative.
  • Selected startups are provided with a financial grant of ₹5 lakh, fully furnished office space, and access to C-DOT lab facilities at its Delhi and Bengaluru campuses.
  • The five startups selected for the Stage-II grant under Cohort-II are Huebits Tech Private Limited, Khageshvara Aviation Technology Private Limited, Xpectro Solutions (OPC) Private Limited, Zepto Logic Technologies Private Limited, and Vocbot.Ai Technology Private Limited.
  • Startups progressing through the program qualify for additional financial support and potential partnerships through the C-DOT Collaborative Research Program (CCRP).
Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia leads India’s engagements at Mobile World Congress 2026 in Barcelona (Start of March)
  • Mobile World Congress 2026 is being held from March 2–5, 2026 at Fira Barcelona Gran Via in Barcelona, Spain.
  • Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia delivered the Closing Keynote at the GSMA Ministerial Programme session themed 'Breaking the Cost Barrier'.
  • He addressed the MWC Main Stage keynote session titled 'Built for What’s Next'.
  • The Bharat Pavilion was inaugurated by the Minister, with 40 Indian companies showcasing telecom solutions.
  • India Mobile Congress 2026 was announced to be held from 7th–10th October 2026 in New Delhi.
  • Tejas Networks launched the TJ1600-D3 Hyper-scalable DCI Platform engineered in India.
  • Shri Scindia met ITU Secretary General Ms Doreen Bogdan-Martin during the visit.
  • Bilateral meetings were held with Eutelsat and Viasat to advance connectivity frameworks for India.
  • Interactions took place with Bharti Group led by Sunil Bharti Mittal.
  • Demonstrations were witnessed at booths of Meta, Rakuten, VVDN Technologies, Ericsson, Nokia, Intel, Cisco and Qualcomm.
  • MWC 2026 is organised by GSMA and themed 'The IQ Era'.
  • India’s participation is organised by Telecom Equipment and Services Export Promotion Council (TEPC), supported by Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications, Government of India.
Indian Institute of Management, Udaipur (IIMU) Hosts Third Edition of D'Future India Digital Conclave 2026 (Start of February)
  • The Indian Institute of Management, Udaipur (IIMU) successfully hosted the third edition of the D'Future: India Digital Conclave at the T-Hub in Hyderabad.
  • The conclave focused on technology-led growth, resilient systems, and building an inclusive nation through digital technologies.
  • Shri Jayesh Ranjan, Special Chief Secretary of the Government of Telangana, highlighted the state's commitment to digitising governance, including providing optical fibre connectivity to households.
  • Prof. Ramayya Krishnan from Carnegie Mellon University discussed the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare applications and the importance of AI governance.
  • Kamlesh Gosai, Executive Director at the Ministry of Railways, shared insights into the GatiShakti programme and the Tech Vision 2035 roadmap for integrated infrastructure planning.
  • The event featured student-led innovations from the IIMU 1-Year MBA (GSCM) programme, including AI-powered inventory management and demand forecasting tools.
  • Start-up companies presented pitches in advanced fields such as quantum computing, high-speed devices, low-cost sustained energy systems, and rocket launching.
  • Viren Rasquinha, CEO of Olympic Gold Quest, discussed the increasing role of data analytics and wearable devices in enhancing sports performance.

Delhi team uses deep transfer learning to confirm painted stork nest site fidelity

Key Updates:

  • Researchers tracked a male painted stork named Ringo with a neck scar inside Delhi’s National Zoological Park for four breeding seasons (2022-2025).
  • A total of 2,349 high-resolution images of Ringo and 1,755 images of other storks were collected to build a deep transfer learning (DTL) model.
  • Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) identified Ringo’s scar and feather pattern, achieving 98% individual identification accuracy.
  • Repeated sightings of Ringo at the same nest site across four years confirmed strong nest site fidelity in the species.
  • The study, published in Royal Society Open Science, was led by University of Delhi, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.

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Elusive dusky eagle owl sighted near Corbett Tiger Reserve after 15 years (Start of March)
  • A pair of dusky eagle owls was documented in the Phato tourism zone of Terai West forest division adjacent to Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand.
  • The species was last officially recorded in the region in 2010.
  • Naturalist Himanshu Tiruva photographed the rare pair, and the images have gone viral among ornithologists and wildlife enthusiasts.
  • Dr. Saket Badola, Chief Conservator of Forests (Kumaon), stated that the reappearance of the species reflects reduced human interference and successful habitat management.
  • Birding expert Pradeep Saxena noted that the presence of apex avian predators like the dusky eagle owl indicates a healthy prey base and undisturbed nesting sites.
  • The dusky eagle owl, 48–58 cm long and partly diurnal, favours old-growth forest near water, matching Phato’s dense canopy and streams.
Alwar to Host NCR’s First Biological Park with 400 Wild Animals, 81 Species (End of January)
  • The biological park will cover the region from Kati Ghati to Jaisamand and be built on 100 hectares, with 30% developed as a zoo and 70% as green space.
  • A high-tech animal rescue centre modelled on Gir National Park and a modern veterinary hospital will be established within the park.
  • The park will display over 400 wild animals of 81 species, including giraffes from Africa, seven tiger species, lions and cheetahs, alongside lion, tiger and herbivore safaris.
  • A butterfly park showcasing various butterfly species will also be created inside the biological park.
Rare Smew duck sighted for the first time in Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (KTR) during 7th Waterbird Count (Start of March)
  • The Smew (Mergellus albellus), a rare diving duck, was recorded for the first time in the Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (KTR) during the 7th Waterbird Count.
  • The sighting occurred at the Rowmari-Donduwa beels within the Laokhowa buffer zone of the UNESCO World Heritage site in Assam.
  • A total of 105,540 waterbirds were recorded during the census, which was conducted in phases from 4 January to 11 January.
  • The Smew is a winter migrant to India from the Eurasian taiga breeding grounds and is known to favour fish-rich, sheltered waters.
  • The survey was a collaborative effort between the Kaziranga Park Authority and the Assam Bird Monitoring Network (ABMN).
  • Kaziranga encompasses two Important Bird Areas (IBAs) recognised for their significance to waterbirds: Kaziranga National Park and the Laokhowa and Burhachapori wildlife sanctuaries.
  • Previous sightings of the Smew in India have been recorded in Haiderpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP), in 2021 and earlier around Corbett.
  • The Smew is globally abundant with a population of approximately 1.3 lakh mature individuals but is currently declining due to habitat loss.
Annual survey records 17 active White-bellied Sea Eagle nests in Kannur and Kasaragod districts (Mid of February)
  • The 2026 annual nest monitoring survey recorded 17 active White-bellied Sea Eagle nesting sites in Kannur and Kasaragod districts.
  • The survey was conducted jointly by the Malabar Awareness and Rescue Centre for Wildlife (MARC) and the Social Forestry Divisions of Kannur and Kasaragod.
  • Of the 17 nests, 10 are located in Kasaragod district and 7 in Kannur district.
  • In Kasaragod, all nests were categorised as old, while in Kannur, 4 nests were newly recorded and 3 were old.
  • Around 70% of the nests in Kasaragod were found within temple compounds.
  • For the first time, a nest was found on a telephone tower at Kattampally.
  • The eagles preferred large, mature trees for nesting, including Ficus religiosa (4 nests), Mangifera indica (6), Alstonia scholaris (2), and Casuarina species (3).
  • The White-bellied Sea Eagle breeds between January and March and reuses the same nest each year after renovation.
  • In Kerala, the species is known to nest only in Kannur and Kasaragod districts.

Japan debuts world’s first freight-only Shinkansen, repurposed E3 series bullet train running at 275 kmph.

[Japan]

Key Updates:

  • East Japan Railway Company launched the world’s first dedicated freight-only Shinkansen, repurposed from the E3 series passenger bullet train.
  • The train operates between Morioka and Tokyo along the Tohoku Shinkansen line, covering the distance in just over three hours.
  • It carries up to 1,000 boxes or roughly 17.4 tonnes of goods per trip, with reinforced flooring and securing systems for high-speed stability.
  • Cargo includes fresh scallops from Iwate Prefecture, precision equipment, fresh seafood, premium agricultural produce, dairy, ready-to-eat food, semiconductors, electronic components, medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, laboratory samples, optical instruments, and specialised industrial machinery.
  • The concept evolved from COVID-19 pandemic trials when goods were transported inside passenger compartments due to reduced passenger numbers.

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Japan to deploy surface-to-air missiles on Yonaguni island by March 2031 (End of February)
  • Japan plans to deploy medium-range surface-to-air missiles to its remote western island of Yonaguni by March 2031.
  • Yonaguni island is located approximately 110 kilometres from the shores of Taiwan.
  • The Japanese-made missile system features a range of 50 kilometres, 360-degree capability, and the ability to track up to 100 targets simultaneously.
  • An electronic warfare unit designed to disrupt enemy communications and radar is scheduled for establishment on the island in fiscal year 2026.
  • The island currently hosts a coastal surveillance unit staffed by approximately 160 members of the Japan Self-Defence Force (JSDF).
  • Defence Minister Shinjiro Koizumi confirmed the deployment timeline following export curbs imposed by China on 20 Japanese entities.
  • The missile system is capable of engaging up to 12 targets at once and intercepting incoming aircraft and missiles.
Indian Railways (IR) Prepares India’s First Hydrogen Train for Pilot Run on Jind–Sonipat Route (Start of January)
  • The Northern Railway (NR) is entering the final stages of a pilot project to launch India’s first hydrogen-powered train on the Jind–Sonipat route in Haryana.
  • The train features 10 coaches, including two driving power cars and eight passenger coaches, designed and manufactured indigenously at the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) Chennai.
  • A state-of-the-art hydrogen production plant with a 3,000-kg storage capacity has been established at Jind to generate green hydrogen using the electrolysis process.
  • The project involves retrofitting a Diesel Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) with hydrogen fuel technology, delivering a total output of 2,400 kW across two power cars.
  • The Research, Design & Standards Organisation (RDSO) laid down the technical specifications for the hydrogen train-set as part of a green mobility initiative.
  • The train is designed to reach an operational speed of 110 km per hour and is capable of covering 180 km using 360 kg of hydrogen.
  • The coaches are equipped with metro-style features, including two doors on each side and safety mechanisms that ensure doors are fully closed before departure.
  • The hydrogen plant at Jind is supported by a stable 11 kV power supply to ensure uninterrupted electrolysis for fuel generation.
  • Target dates for trial runs have been reported as January 26, 2026, according to project officials and state government statements.
Vande Bharat Sleeper Express Launch Enhances Overnight Rail Connectivity (Mid of January)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper train from Malda Town railway station in West Bengal.
  • The train will operate on the Howrah–Guwahati (Kamakhya) route and is expected to cut travel time by up to six hours.
  • Developed by BEML using ICF technology, the train includes catering services in the fare for all classes.
Union Budget 2026-27 announces seven new bullet train corridors with ₹16 lakh crore investment (Mid of February)
  • Indian Railways is finalising Detailed Project Reports for seven high-speed rail corridors announced in Union Budget 2026-27.
  • The seven corridors are Mumbai–Pune, Pune–Hyderabad, Hyderabad–Bengaluru, Hyderabad–Chennai, Chennai–Bengaluru, Delhi–Varanasi and Varanasi–Siliguri.
  • National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) has been directed to take immediate action for timely progress.
  • Railway Board estimates the combined length of the corridors at nearly 4,000 km and projected investment of approximately ₹16 lakh crore.
  • Standardisation of high-speed rail systems, creation of dedicated core teams and initiation of pre-construction activities have been approved.
  • Planning for trained technical manpower for upcoming high-speed rail projects has been emphasised.
  • India’s first bullet train, the 508 km Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor, is planned to operate on a 100 km stretch by 2027.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiates $30 million plan to rescue Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory

[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]

Key Updates:

  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has signed a $30 million (₹283.8 crore) agreement with Katalyst Space Technologies to prevent the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory from crashing to Earth.
  • The observatory was launched into Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) in 2004 using a Delta 7320 rocket as part of the Medium Explorer (MIDEX) programme.
  • Increased solar activity has heated the upper atmosphere, causing the observatory to lose altitude and fall below its operational orbit of 400 kilometres.
  • Katalyst Space Technologies is developing a three-armed robotic spacecraft to dock with the observatory and push it to a higher altitude of 550 kilometres.
  • The rescue craft will be launched using a Northrop Grumman Pegasus rocket, which is deployed from a modified jet aircraft.
  • The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory is equipped with a Burst Alert Telescope to detect gamma-ray bursts, which are the most powerful explosions in the universe.
  • The successful completion of the reboost mission is expected to extend the operational lifespan of the observatory by approximately one decade.

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GalaxEye's Mission Drishti to carry NVIDIA Jetson Orin for AI-driven Earth observation (End of February)
  • GalaxEye, a Bengaluru-based private space technology company, will deploy NVIDIA Jetson Orin on its upcoming satellite mission, Mission Drishti.
  • Mission Drishti will feature the world’s first SyncFused OptoSAR architecture, integrating Electro-Optical (EO) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors on a single satellite platform.
  • The satellite is designed to accelerate processing and interpretation of Earth observation data in space and quickly deliver insights to customers.
  • Insights from Mission Drishti are expected to benefit sectors including agriculture, disaster management, and natural resource management.
  • The mission will explore the feasibility of Orbital Data Centres (ODC), where multiple satellites operate as interconnected compute nodes.
  • GalaxEye plans to scale Mission Drishti to a constellation of 10 satellites by 2030.
NASA’s 1,300-pound Van Allen Probe A re-enters Earth’s atmosphere over eastern Pacific after 14-year mission (Mid of March)
  • NASA’s Van Allen Probe A, launched in August 2012, re-entered Earth’s atmosphere at 6:37 a.m. ET on Wednesday over the eastern Pacific Ocean region confirmed by the U.S. Space Force.
  • The probe and its twin Van Allen Probe B were designed to explore Earth’s Van Allen radiation belts and lasted nearly seven years instead of the planned two-year mission.
  • Mission ended in 2019 when the probes ran out of fuel and could no longer orient toward the sun.
  • Probe A’s re-entry was accelerated by the current active solar cycle increasing atmospheric drag, advancing the expected 2034 re-entry date.
  • Probe B is not expected to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere until the 2030s.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) signs MoUs with research institutes for disaster policy research (End of February)
  • The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with three research institutes to enhance disaster management policy research and risk reduction.
  • The collaboration involves the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) and the CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR).
  • The partnership establishes a collaborative framework for academic programmes, capacity building, and effective policy communication to bridge the gap between scientific and policy communities.
  • CSIR-NIScPR is tasked with spearheading academic programmes and policy research to ensure effective public engagement.
  • The NDMA, AcSIR, and CSIR-NIScPR have launched a PhD programme in disaster management to nurture future experts in the field.
  • The initiative aims to develop research-based solutions for disaster resilience in alignment with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.
Scientists use earthquake sensors to track falling space debris in real time (End of January)
  • A study led by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and Imperial College London (ICL) shows seismometers can trace re-entering space debris by detecting sonic-boom shock waves.
  • More than 120 seismic stations across California and Nevada recorded vibrations from the 1.5-metric-ton Shenzhou 15 orbital module re-entry on 2 April 2024.
  • Analysis revealed descent speeds between Mach 25 and Mach 30, altitudes of 80–150 km, and a shallow one-degree entry angle.
  • Seismic data indicated a cascading break-up lasting about two seconds, increasing chances that dense fragments reach Earth’s surface.
  • The technique, published in the journal Science, improves emergency response by locating debris within minutes rather than weeks.

Pfizer and Valneva Phase 3 Lyme Disease Vaccine Trial Shows Over 70 Per Cent Efficacy

Key Updates:

  • Pfizer and the French pharmaceutical company Valneva reported an efficacy of at least 73 per cent in Phase 3 of a randomised clinical vaccine trial for Lyme disease.
  • The clinical trial involved 9,400 participants aged 5 and older to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine.
  • Medical experts from Stony Brook University Hospital and NYU Langone Long Island noted the vaccine could prevent severe complications such as Lyme meningitis and Lyme arthritis.
  • According to the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Suffolk County recorded over 3,000 cases of Lyme disease in 2024, the highest in the state, while Nassau County recorded 521 cases.
  • The pharmaceutical companies intend to seek federal approval for the vaccine as there is currently no Lyme vaccine available for humans.

Similar Coverage

Global Mumps Resurgence reported with 100,000 cases in 2025 (Start of March)
  • Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the parotid salivary glands, causing painful swelling near the jaw or cheeks.
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported over 100,000 cases worldwide in 2025, primarily in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia.
  • The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is the primary tool for prevention, with two doses providing approximately 88 per cent effectiveness and one dose offering 78 per cent protection.
  • According to WHO and CDC guidance, children should receive the first dose of the MMR vaccine at 12–15 months and the second dose at 4–6 years.
  • Potential complications of the disease include orchitis (inflammation of testes), oophoritis (inflammation of ovaries), meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, and hearing loss.
  • There is no specific antiviral treatment for mumps, and infected individuals should isolate for at least five days after symptoms appear to prevent transmission.
International Malaria Conference 2026 concludes in New Delhi (Mid of March)
  • International Malaria Conference (IMC) 6 organised by ICMR–National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) concluded in New Delhi on 9 March 2026 after three days of scientific discussions.
  • Conference theme was 'Discovery, Development and Delivery: Driving Malaria Elimination and Beyond'.
  • Dr Anup Anvikar, Director of ICMR–NIMR, delivered the welcome address.
  • Dr Tanu Jain, Director of National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC), attended as a dignitary.
  • Discovery sessions covered parasite biology, malaria transmission dynamics, and molecular mechanisms linked to drug resistance.
  • Development sessions highlighted next-generation malaria diagnostics, advanced surveillance technologies, and research tools for early detection.
  • Delivery sessions focused on translating research into public health solutions, addressing residual transmission, advancing vaccine research, and strengthening community-based control programmes.
  • Turbo talks and poster sessions provided a platform for early-career researchers to present work and interact with global experts.
Gujarat launches NADCP FMD vaccination drive with digital tracking (Mid of March)
  • Gujarat Government launched a statewide Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccination drive under the National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) from March 1 to April 15.
  • Animals are ear-tagged and data uploaded to the Information Network for Animal Productivity and Health (INAPH) portal for digital tracking of vaccination coverage.
  • The drive targets cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats to prevent milk yield loss and economic damage to farmers.
  • Vaccination is conducted twice every year in March and September as part of the NADCP strategy.
National Vaccination Day observed on 16 March with theme 'Immunisation for All is Humanly Possible' (Mid of March)
  • National Vaccination Day is observed every year on 16 March in India.
  • The theme for 2026 is 'Immunisation for All is Humanly Possible'.
  • The day commemorates 16 March 1995 when the first dose of oral polio vaccine was given under the Pulse Polio Immunisation Programme.
  • India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is one of the world’s largest public health initiatives providing free vaccines to children and pregnant women.

Honshu Island, Japan’s largest island, hit by magnitude 6.2 earthquake off its east coast.

[Japan]

Key Updates:

  • Honshu is Japan’s largest island with an area of 227,898 sq km and ranks as the world’s seventh-largest island.
  • The island lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west).
  • Honshu hosts over 104 million people, more than 80% of Japan’s total population, making it the second-most populous island globally after Java.
  • Major Japanese cities on Honshu include Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima, Nagoya, Kyoto, and Yokohama.
  • Mount Fuji, Japan’s highest mountain and an active stratovolcano, and Lake Biwa, its largest lake, are located on Honshu.
  • The Central Trough, a central mountainous spine, dominates the island and contains most of Japan’s highest peaks.

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6.7 magnitude earthquake strikes South Shetland Islands; no tsunami threat reported. (End of March)
  • A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica on Thursday.
  • The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) reported the quake occurred at a depth of 10 km.
  • No immediate reports of damage or casualties were received.
  • The US Tsunami Warning System stated no tsunami is expected for US Atlantic, Gulf or Pacific coasts.
Japan retrieves rare earth-rich sediment from 6,000 m below Pacific near Minamitorishima (End of March)
  • Japan recovered rare earth-rich sediment from nearly 6,000 m below the Pacific Ocean near Minamitorishima island south of Tokyo using the deep-sea research vessel Chikyu.
  • Surveys in the 2010s indicated the area could hold more than 16 million tonnes of rare earth resources.
  • The collected samples are undergoing analysis to determine exact concentration and composition of rare earth elements.
  • Japan relies heavily on imports for rare earth elements and views the deep-sea project as part of its strategy to diversify supply sources and strengthen economic security.
South Korea protests Japan’s ‘Takeshima Day’ event over disputed islands (End of February)
  • South Korea’s foreign ministry strongly objected to the ‘Takeshima Day’ event organised by Shimane prefecture and attended by a senior Japanese government official.
  • The disputed islets are called Takeshima in Japan and Dokdo in South Korea and have been a source of tension since Japan’s colonial rule of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945.
  • A South Korean coastguard detachment has been stationed on the territory since 1954.
  • Shimane prefecture established ‘Takeshima Day’ in 2005, repeatedly triggering protests from Seoul.
  • Seoul summoned a senior Japanese diplomat to lodge a formal protest over Tokyo’s territorial claims.
  • South Korea claims the territory lies in fertile fishing grounds and may sit above substantial deposits of natural gas hydrate worth billions of dollars.
Piton de la Fournaise volcano erupts again on Réunion, alert level 2-1 activated (Mid of February)
  • Piton de la Fournaise volcano on Réunion island began a second eruption on 13 February 2026 at around 1:00 PM local time.
  • The eruption is confined to the Enclos Fouqué caldera with lava flows descending the Grandes Pentes.
  • Authorities activated the ORSEC Alert 2–1 protocol and closed all access to the Enclos Fouqué, including the Pas de Bellecombe-Jacob trail.
  • By 9:30 PM on 13 February, the lava front was nearing National Road 2 (RN2) in the Route des Laves area; the road remains open but drivers are advised not to stop.
  • Monitoring equipment recorded 551 volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the summit on 13 February 2026.
  • GNSS stations detected inflation at both summit and distant locations, indicating magma pressure build-up beneath the surface.
  • No significant ash emissions have been reported and no populated areas are currently at risk.
  • The previous eruption occurred from 18 January 2026 at 7:42 PM local time, triggered by a seismic crisis that began at 4:34 PM beneath the summit.
  • During the January eruption, four fissures opened between 7:45 PM and 8:54 PM along the northern flank of the terminal cone within the Enclos Fouqué.
  • Lava discharge rates during the first 24 hours of the January eruption ranged between 2 and 27 cubic metres per second based on satellite thermal data.
  • Between 21 and 28 January, monitoring networks recorded an average of about 20 shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day at depths of 1.5–2.2 kilometres beneath the summit.
  • On 6 February 2026, a swarm of 343 very small (magnitude <1.0) volcano-tectonic earthquakes occurred between 3:00 AM and 4:00 AM beneath the summit, accompanied by slight ground deformation.

NIMHANS launches CALM-Brain, India's first psychiatric disorder data repository

Key Updates:

  • The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) launched CALM-Brain, India's first digital repository of data on brain structure and function for major psychiatric disorders.
  • The initiative is a collaborative effort of the Rohini Nilekani Centre for Brain and Mind (CBM), which is a partnership between NIMHANS and the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) - TIFR.
  • CALM-Brain serves as a repository for clinical, neuro-imaging, behavioural, and genetic datasets focusing on five disorders: addiction, bipolar disorder, dementia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia.
  • The repository is linked to a biorepository of stem cells to facilitate biological research into the origins of severe mental illnesses.
  • The project currently contains data from over 2,000 participants across 900 families, with phase-wise data gathering having started in 2016.
  • The initiative was funded through the Accelerator programme for discovery in brain disorders using stem cells, jointly supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Pratiksha Trust.
  • According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, India faces an economic loss of USD 1.03 trillion due to mental health conditions.
  • The NIMHANS-led National Mental Health survey of 2015-2016 reported that 10.6 per cent of Indian adults suffered from mental illness.

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Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Pratiksha Trust launch Moonshot project on brain co-processors (Start of March)
  • Indian Institute of Science (IISc) launched a Moonshot project to develop brain co-processors combining neuromorphic hardware with AI algorithms to enhance or restore brain function.
  • The initiative is funded by Pratiksha Trust, founded by Kris Gopalakrishnan and Sudha.
  • The project aims to develop implantable and non-invasive brain co-processors that decode neural activity, process signals using AI, and re-encode them via neural stimulation or neurofeedback.
  • Devices will support cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors who have lost goal-directed reach and grasp functions.
  • The project builds on IISc’s Brain, Computation and Data Science programme involving over 20 faculty members.
  • Phase 1 will develop and validate a non-invasive neural co-processor for sensorimotor feedback in stroke survivors.
  • Phase 2 will focus on a minimally invasive embedded co-processor to restore sensorimotor coordination in chronic stroke patients.
  • The team plans to indigenise implant design, hardware systems, and AI software stacks for low-resource clinical settings.
  • The project will create India-specific databases of stereo EEG and ECoG recordings and develop open-source AI tools, datasets, and visualisation platforms as digital public goods.
Structural changes in blood plasma proteins may reflect earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease: Study (End of March)
  • Analysis of blood plasma samples from over 500 individuals showed structural differences in three proteins are strongly linked to Alzheimer's status.
  • The three proteins identified are C1QA involved in immune signalling, clusterin involved in protein folding and amyloid removal, and apolipoprotein B which transports fats in the bloodstream.
  • The study was published in the Nature Aging journal and involved researchers including those at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), US.
  • Structural changes of plasma proteins helped accurately distinguish cognitively normal individuals from those with Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment.
  • Machine learning was used to identify patterns connected to disease stage based on how exposed or buried specific areas were in the three-dimensional amino acid chain.
  • As Alzheimer's disease advanced, specific blood proteins became less structurally open, with structural changes proving more informative than measuring protein concentrations.
NCBS develops Disobind AI to predict binding of intrinsically disordered proteins (Mid of January)
  • Researchers at the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) have developed an open-source deep-learning model named Disobind that predicts how intrinsically disordered proteins or regions bind to specific partners.
  • Disobind uses protein language models trained on millions of known protein sequences and considers both proteins in an interaction, achieving higher accuracy than leading predictors including AlphaFold-based multimer models.
  • The tool applies to immune signalling pathways and proteins involved in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, aiding disease research, drug design and understanding of complex biological systems.
Union Budget 2026-27 announces second national mental health institute and 50% expansion of trauma care capacity in district hospitals (Start of February)
  • Union Budget 2026-27 announced establishment of India’s second national mental health institute, NIMHANS-2, to address absence of national mental healthcare institutes in north India.
  • Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated existing mental health institutes in Ranchi and Tezpur will be upgraded as regional apex centres.
  • Emergency and trauma care capacity in district hospitals to be expanded by 50% through new Emergency and Trauma Care Centres.
  • Economic Survey 2025-26 presented on January 29, 2026, identified mental health as a major public health concern, highlighting high prevalence of social media addiction among 15-24 age group.

Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovers new cockroach species Neoloboptera peninsularis in Deccan plateau

Key Updates:

  • Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Pune identified the new cockroach species Neoloboptera peninsularis from agricultural landscapes in Nathachi Wadi, Daund near Pune.
  • The species exhibits a yellowish-brown glossy body, fully developed wings, asymmetrical cerci and a whip-like male genital component.
  • Prior to this finding only two species within the genus Neoloboptera had been documented in India, the latest described in 1995.
  • The study employed an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological analysis with DNA sequencing and provided the first DNA barcode for the genus.
  • Distinct genetic lineages from Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka indicate potential for further undescribed species in India.

Similar Coverage

Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovers new cockroach species Neoloboptera peninsularis in Deccan plateau (End of March)
  • Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and Prof. Ramkrishna More College have identified a new cockroach species named Neoloboptera peninsularis in the Deccan plateau.
  • The species was recorded from agricultural landscapes in Nathachi Wadi, Daund, near Pune, where it lives in decomposing leaf litter and beneath palm shrubs.
  • Neoloboptera peninsularis is characterised by a yellowish-brown glossy body, fully developed wings, asymmetrical cerci, and a whip-like male genital component.
  • Prior to this finding, only two species within the genus Neoloboptera had been documented in India, with the last one described in 1995.
  • The research team, led by Shabnam Ansari and Dr K P Dinesh, employed an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological analysis with modern DNA sequencing.
  • The study provides the first DNA barcode for the genus, addressing the Darwinian shortfall regarding evolutionary relationships.
  • The discovery addresses the Linnaean shortfall concerning species diversity and the Wallacean shortfall regarding species distribution in the Deccan peninsula.
  • Genetic analysis conducted during the study indicated several distinct undocumented lineages in Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.
Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovers two new polychaete worm species in Bay of Bengal (Start of February)
  • Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) researchers identified two new marine worm species, Namalycastis solenotognatha and Nereis dhritiae, in Digha and Bankiput regions of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal.
  • Namalycastis solenotognatha inhabits sulfide-rich, foul-smelling mudflats and decomposing mangrove wood, and possesses a channeled jaw structure with multiple pulp-cavity canals.
  • Nereis dhritiae was found inside wooden dock piles on sandy beaches submerged at high tide and is named after ZSI’s first woman director Dhriti Banerjee.
  • Both species tolerate heavy human activity and industrial pollution, highlighting their resilience and potential as bioindicators for monitoring coastal health.
Thread-legged assassin bug Myiophanes kempi rediscovered in Andaman limestone caves after 100 years (Mid of March)
  • The thread-legged assassin bug Myiophanes kempi was rediscovered in limestone caves in the Andaman Islands by scientists in 2019.
  • The species was first described by British entomologist William Edward China in 1924 from Siju Cave in Meghalaya.
  • The rediscovery was published in the journal Subterranean Biology.
  • The specimens were matched with a syntype female preserved in the Natural History Museum, London.
  • The bug belongs to the subfamily Reduviidae and is a specialised predator of the subterranean ecosystem.
  • The study was led by Manchi Shirish S., Principal Scientist at the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON).
  • Co-authors included Dhanusha Kawalkar and Pooja Patil from SACON, and Hemant V. Ghate from Modern College, Pune.
  • The research was funded by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and The Habitats Trust.
Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) records nine new species in Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary (Mid of March)
  • Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) scientists discovered nine new species during faunal surveys at Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary in the southern Western Ghats.
  • The surveys conducted between 2018 and 2022 documented 977 species across 21 faunal groups.
  • New species include the jumping spider Stenaelurillus megamalai, two mayflies Edmundsula meghamalaiensis, and the damselfly Protosticta sholai endemic to the Megamalai–Periyar landscape.
  • The sanctuary forms part of the 1,016 sq km Srivilliputhur–Megamalai Tiger Reserve notified in 2021.

Hidden ocean found 700 km inside Earth’s mantle

Key Updates:

  • A water-saturated reservoir located roughly 700 km beneath Earth’s surface has been detected in the mantle transition zone (410–660 km deep).
  • The water is chemically bound within ringwoodite, a high-pressure mineral that can store hydrogen and water in its crystal structure.
  • The trapped water volume is estimated to equal or exceed the combined volume of all surface oceans.
  • Ringwoodite samples recovered in volcanic diamonds and xenoliths confirm the mineral’s water-bearing capacity under mantle conditions.

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Discovery of Dark Oxygen 4,000 Metres Below the Pacific Ocean (Start of March)
  • Researchers have detected dark oxygen in the deep sea at depths of approximately 4,000 metres, where sunlight does not penetrate.
  • The discovery was made in the Clarion Clipperton Zone of the Pacific Ocean during research published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
  • The oxygen is produced near polymetallic nodules, which are mineral-rich deposits containing metals such as nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
  • Scientists used specialised benthic chambers to isolate sections of the seafloor and monitor chemical changes, observing unexpected increases in oxygen levels.
  • The study suggests that these nodules may function like batteries, facilitating electrochemical reactions that break down seawater into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), these polymetallic nodules are typically found in the abyssal plains of the Pacific Ocean.
  • This finding challenges the conventional scientific belief that Earth's oxygen is primarily produced through sunlight-dependent photosynthesis.
  • India link not mentioned in the article.
Japan retrieves rare earth-rich sediment from 6,000 m below Pacific near Minamitorishima (End of March)
  • Japan recovered rare earth-rich sediment from nearly 6,000 m below the Pacific Ocean near Minamitorishima island south of Tokyo using the deep-sea research vessel Chikyu.
  • Surveys in the 2010s indicated the area could hold more than 16 million tonnes of rare earth resources.
  • The collected samples are undergoing analysis to determine exact concentration and composition of rare earth elements.
  • Japan relies heavily on imports for rare earth elements and views the deep-sea project as part of its strategy to diversify supply sources and strengthen economic security.
Silverpit Crater confirmed as 160-m asteroid strike beneath North Sea (Mid of March)
  • On 11 March 2026 scientists confirmed the Silverpit Crater, 130 km off Yorkshire, is an asteroid impact site formed 43–46 million years ago.
  • Heriot-Watt University (HWU) led the study using high-resolution seismic scans and core samples that revealed shocked quartz and deformed feldspars.
  • Imperial College London (ICL) simulations matched the 3.2-km-wide crater to a 160-m asteroid hitting at >15 km/s and generating a >100-m tsunami.
  • The crater lies 700 m below the modern seafloor within a 20-km ring-fault system and is exceptionally preserved under marine sediments.
Scientists discover new class of magma ocean liquid planets using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) (Mid of March)
  • Scientists have identified a new category of exoplanets known as magma ocean worlds, which exist in a permanent molten state.
  • The discovery, detailed in the journal Nature Astronomy, was made using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
  • The primary example of this new class is L 98-59 d, located approximately 35 light-years away from Earth.
  • L 98-59 d has a radius approximately 1.63 times larger and a mass 1.64 times that of Earth.
  • The planet's surface temperature reaches approximately 1,900°C, and it is enveloped in a thick atmosphere rich in hydrogen sulfide.
  • The molten state is maintained by a runaway greenhouse effect and tidal heating caused by the gravitational pull of neighbouring planets.
  • The planet orbits a small red star and features a mantle composed of molten silicate with a likely molten core.

Agnikul Cosmos Tests World’s Largest Single-Piece 3D-Printed Rocket Engine Agnite

[Tamil Nadu]

Key Updates:

  • Agnikul Cosmos successfully test-fired Agnite, which is the world’s largest single-piece 3D-printed booster engine.
  • The Agnite engine is approximately one metre in length and is manufactured using Inconel, a high-performance alloy designed to withstand extreme temperatures.
  • The 3D-printing process allows the entire engine to be produced in seven days, representing a 90–97% reduction in traditional manufacturing time.
  • The engine utilizes electric motor-driven pumps instead of conventional gas-generator systems to simplify design and reduce mechanical complexity.
  • The propulsion test was conducted at the startup’s in-house facility located in Chennai.
  • Agnikul Cosmos is incubated at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) and is developing the Agnibaan launch vehicle.
  • The startup recently achieved the synchronised firing of three semi-cryogenic engines, marking a first for the private space sector in India.
  • The company is valued at over $500 million and aims to provide faster access to space for small satellite launches.

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Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tests Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) technology (Start of February)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully demonstrated the Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) technology from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Odisha on February 3, 2026.
  • The SFDR was developed by the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad, in collaboration with the Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad, and the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune.
  • The SFDR is an advanced air-breathing propulsion system where a solid fuel gas generator produces fuel-rich gases that mix with incoming air and burn in a ramjet combustor.
  • Unlike conventional rockets, the SFDR does not carry an oxidiser, making the system lighter and more efficient while providing sustained thrust and thrust modulation during flight.
  • The flight test validated several subsystems including a nozzle-less booster, SFDR motor, and fuel flow controller after the system was initially propelled by a ground booster motor to the desired Mach number.
  • The technology is critical for the development of long-range air-to-air missiles capable of intercepting aerial threats at supersonic speeds over very long ranges.
  • The use of solid fuel instead of liquid fuel in the SFDR system makes it simpler, safer, and easier to store and transport.
Akasha300 high-temperature 3D printer delivered to Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) to boost India’s space manufacturing (End of March)
  • The Akasha300, a high-temperature multi-material extrusion 3D printer, has been successfully launched and delivered to the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in Valiyamala.
  • It uses dual-extrusion technology operating at temperatures up to 350°C, with future upgrades expected to reach 500°C.
  • Its heated bed reaches up to 110°C (upgradeable to 150°C) and its enclosed chamber can sustain up to 80°C.
  • The development was supported by the Space Technology Innovation and Incubation Centre at IIST and backed by the Kerala Startup Mission.
  • Deployment at LPSC is expected to accelerate research in propulsion systems, materials science, and next-generation manufacturing techniques.
Akasha300 high-temperature 3D printer delivered to Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) (End of March)
  • The Akasha300 is a high-temperature multi-material extrusion 3D printer developed in India.
  • It was successfully launched and delivered to the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in Valiyamala.
  • The printer uses dual-extrusion technology operating at temperatures up to 350°C, with future upgrades expected to reach 500°C.
  • Its heated bed reaches up to 110°C (upgradeable to 150°C) and its enclosed chamber can sustain up to 80°C.
  • The development was supported by the Space Technology Innovation and Incubation Centre at IIST and the Kerala Startup Mission.
OmSpace Rocket and Exploration (OSRE) Test-Fires Sounding Rocket in Gujarat (Mid of March)
  • OmSpace Rocket and Exploration (OSRE) successfully launched a 4.2-metre sounding rocket from Bavaliyari near Dholera, becoming the first entity to launch a rocket from Gujarat.
  • The single-stage sub-orbital rocket reached a target altitude of 3 kilometres before executing a safe landing using a dual-parachute recovery system.
  • The mission validated several indigenous technologies, including a 3D-printed torch igniter, a sugar-based solid propellant motor, and a carbon fibre and advanced composites-based airframe.
  • The rocket components were entirely researched, developed, and manufactured in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
  • The launch was conducted with permissions from the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), and the Airport Authority of India (AAI).
  • The data from this flight will be used to develop Infinity One, an orbital-class reusable launch vehicle currently under development by OSRE.
  • The event was attended by the Gujarat State Science and Technology Minister, Arjun Modhwadia.

IOC bans transgender women from Olympic women’s events starting 2028 Los Angeles Games

[International Olympic Committee]

Key Updates:

  • International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced the ban on 27 March 2026.
  • Eligibility for women’s category will be decided by SRY gene screening; athletes testing negative for the SRY gene can compete.
  • Exceptions may apply for athletes with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) or certain DSD conditions.
  • Policy replaces all previous IOC frameworks and applies only to Olympic-level competitions, not grassroots sport.

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Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026 Introduced with Stricter Penalties and Medical Certification (Mid of March)
  • Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE) Virendra Kumar introduced the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Bill, 2026, in Parliament on 13 March.
  • The Bill proposes to remove the right to gender self-identification established by the Supreme Court (SC) in the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014) case.
  • It mandates the formation of a medical board headed by a Chief Medical Officer (CMO) or a Deputy Chief Medical Officer (DCMO) to recommend the issuance of identity certificates to the District Magistrate (DM).
  • The definition of a transgender person is narrowed to include those with socio-cultural identities such as kinner, hijra, aravani, jogta, and eunuch, or persons with specific congenital biological variations.
  • The Bill introduces a new category for individuals or children compelled to assume a transgender identity through force, deceit, mutilation, or surgical procedures.
  • State and Union Territory (UT) representatives on the National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP) must now hold a minimum rank of Director in their respective departments.
  • Kidnapping an adult to force a transgender identity carries a penalty of 10 years to life imprisonment and a minimum fine of ₹2 lakh, while the same offence against a child attracts life imprisonment and a ₹5 lakh fine.
  • Forcing an adult into begging or bonded labour as a transgender person attracts 5 to 10 years of imprisonment and a ₹1 lakh fine, increasing to 10 to 14 years and a ₹3 lakh fine for offences against children.
  • According to the National Portal for Transgender Persons, a total of 32,424 transgender identity cards have been issued under the existing 2019 Act.
WADA delays decision on potential ban of Trump from major sporting events until after World Cup (Mid of March)
  • The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) executive committee postponed a decision on barring government officials from major sporting events if their countries withhold dues, pushing the potential conflict with President Donald Trump and other U.S. officials until after the 2026 World Cup.
  • The U.S. has not paid its WADA dues since 2023, withholding a total of $7.3 million over 2024 and 2025 in protest of WADA’s handling of a case involving Chinese swimmers.
  • If adopted later this year, the new rule could place Trump and U.S. lawmakers on a banned list for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics.
  • WADA spokesman James Fitzgerald previously told The Associated Press the proposed rule would not be applied retroactively so the World Cup, LA and SLC Games would not be covered.
  • The U.S. lost its seat on the WADA executive committee after Rahul Gupta, the U.S. representative during the Biden administration, led the effort to reject the proposal in 2024.
Supreme Court Recognises Menstrual Health as a Fundamental Right under Article 21 (Mid of February)
  • The Supreme Court (SC) of India recognised access to menstrual health as a fundamental right under Article 21, expanding the constitutional meaning of life and dignity.
  • A Bench led by Justices JB Pardiwala and R Mahadevan reframed menstrual health and hygiene as an enforceable constitutional entitlement rather than a matter of welfare or budgetary discretion.
  • The ruling mandates all government and private schools to provide free oxo-biodegradable sanitary products to girls in classes 6 to 12.
  • Schools are required to ensure access to functional girls’ toilets equipped with covered disposal bins, soap, clean water, and menstrual hygiene management corners.
  • The judgement aligns sanitation and dignity with the Right to Education (RTE) under Article 21A and the principle of substantive equality under Article 14.
  • The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and State Councils of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) are directed to integrate gender-responsive curricula.
  • District Education Officers are tasked with conducting annual inspections and collecting anonymous student feedback to monitor ground-level compliance.
  • The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is designated to provide nationwide oversight for the implementation of these directives.
  • Private institutions are subject to the ruling, and non-compliance may result in penalties such as derecognition.
International Paralympic Committee (IPC) lifts ban on Russian and Belarusian athletes for Milano-Cortina 2026 (End of February)
  • The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has officially lifted the ban on Russian and Belarusian athletes for the Milano-Cortina 2026 Winter Paralympics.
  • Athletes from Russia and Belarus will be permitted to compete under their national flags, and their national anthems will be played during medal ceremonies.
  • The IPC confirmed that National Paralympic Committee (NPC) Russia has been awarded six slots: two in Para-alpine skiing, two in Para-cross country skiing, and two in Para-snowboard.
  • NPC Belarus has been awarded four slots in total, all in the discipline of cross-country skiing.
  • The decision marks the first time the Russian flag will appear at a Winter Paralympics since 2014, following previous restrictions linked to a doping scandal and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
  • The IPC clarified that this policy change applies strictly to the Paralympics, while restrictions for the 2026 Winter Olympics remain separate.

IIM Ahmedabad launches Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026

[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]

Key Updates:

  • Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A) inaugurated the Krishnamurthy Tandon School of Artificial Intelligence on 27 March 2026.
  • The school was established through a Rs 100 crore endowment pledged by Grammy winner and IIM-A alumna Chandrika Tandon (PGP 1975).
  • The endowment will fund three strategic pillars: translational research, curriculum innovation, and industry engagement.
  • New programmes include a two-year MBA specialization in AI-enabled Management and executive-education short courses integrating ethics and governance.
  • The school released its inaugural research report 'Navigating the Future Trap with AI Value Compass' in collaboration with Persistent Systems.
  • The AI Value Compass framework addresses six dimensions: risk assessment, governance, data readiness, operating model redesign, workforce preparedness, and value measurement.
  • Key initiatives include an AI Ethics Lab, a Policy-Engagement Forum, and annual Responsible AI Challenge competitions.

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IIT Madras and Unicorn India Ventures launch Rs 600-crore deeptech fund with Rs 400-crore greenshoe option (Start of February)
  • IIT Madras and Unicorn India Ventures have launched the IITM Unicorn Frontier Fund I with a corpus of Rs 600 crore and an additional Rs 400 crore greenshoe option.
  • The fund will invest Rs 8-10 crore each in over 25 early-stage, IP-led deeptech startups.
  • Target sectors include robotics, space technology, defence tech, semiconductors, and medical technology.
  • Most investments will target startups at Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) 3-4, with some follow-on backing up to TRL 7-9.
  • The 10-year fund, with a two-year extension option, will deploy around 60% of the corpus for initial portfolio and 40% for follow-on rounds.
  • A large portion of investments will focus on startups emerging from the IIT Madras ecosystem, including those incubated at the IIT Madras Research Park and the IIT Madras Incubation Cell.
Punjab Assembly passes Shri Guru Teg Bahadur World Class University Bill, 2026 with ₹300 Crore Investment (Mid of March)
  • The Punjab Assembly passed the Shri Guru Teg Bahadur World Class University, Punjab Bill, 2026, to establish a world-class institute in Sri Anandpur Sahib.
  • The university will offer north India's first specialised courses in defence, aerospace, cyber security, and quantum computing.
  • The Punjab government proposed an investment of ₹300 crore for the project over the next three years, with an initial allocation of ₹20 crore in the current budget.
  • The academic structure includes B.Sc. in Defence Technology, M.Sc. in Strategic and Defence Studies, M.Tech. in Defence, Electronics and Radar Systems, and M.Tech. in Military Robotics and Atomic Systems.
  • Other courses include B.Tech. and M.Tech. in Artificial Intelligence (AI), M.Sc. in Data Sciences, B.Tech. in Drone Engineering and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, maritime studies, and a Master's in Military History.
  • The institute aims to educate more than 10,000 students over the next decade and intends to commence courses by July 2026.
  • The House also passed the Punjab Regulation of Crusher Units and Stockists and Retailers Bill, 2026, which mandates compulsory registration and digital tracking of minor minerals to curb illegal mining.
CM Shri Schools project launched across Delhi (Mid of February)
  • Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Delhi chief minister Rekha Gupta inaugurated the first CM Shri School at Sarojini Nagar on 17 February 2026.
  • Foundation stones for 75 CM Shri School projects across Delhi were laid simultaneously.
  • The initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) and aims to provide modern, technology-integrated education and improved learning infrastructure.
  • Education minister Ashish Sood announced that 7,000 classrooms will be converted into AI-enabled smart classrooms before the government completes its first year in office.
  • 175 new ICT labs equipped with 7,000 computers, more than 100 digital libraries and over 175 language labs are being launched.
  • The schools will serve children from economically weaker, lower and middle-income families with facilities comparable to private schools.
India launches Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 (Mid of February)
  • Union Minister for Education Dharmendra Pradhan launched the two-day Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 in New Delhi.
  • The conclave focuses on four verticals: AI for school education, AI for higher education, AI for skilling and workforce readiness, and AI research and deep technology.
  • It aims to integrate AI in education at scale and develop the ‘Bharat EduAI Stack’ by bringing together academia, industry, policymakers, start-ups, innovators, scientific leadership and the skilling ecosystem.
  • Pradhan stated that India’s AI will be inclusive by design, interoperable by architecture and sovereign by capability.
  • Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow introduced a series of new Artificial Intelligence programmes during the event.
  • An MoU was exchanged between Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Columbia University to establish a Centre of AI for manufacturing at IIT Bombay.
  • On 11 February, Pradhan chaired a roundtable with founders of 10 new-age Indian start-ups using AI in education at IIT Delhi to discuss alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

World Theatre Day observed on March 27

Key Updates:

  • World Theatre Day is celebrated annually on March 27 to honour the art of theatre and its impact on society.
  • The International Theatre Institute (ITI) established World Theatre Day in 1961.
  • The first celebration of World Theatre Day took place in 1962.
  • A key tradition of the day is the World Theatre Day Message, delivered by a renowned theatre personality to reflect on the role of theatre in society.
  • The day aims to promote cultural exchange, diversity, and creative expression while raising awareness about performing arts in education.

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World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People observed on March 20 (End of March)
  • World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People is celebrated annually on March 20.
  • The day was established by the International Association of Theatre for Children and Young People (ASSITEJ) in 2001.
  • ASSITEJ was founded in Paris in 1965 to connect theatre companies and professionals involved in theatre for children and young people.
  • The campaign promotes the message 'Take a child to the theatre, today, so they can see, hear, feel, think and imagine.'
  • Theatre for young audience (TYA) became a distinct branch in the early 20th century with the emergence of dedicated children's theatres.
  • Events on the day include performances, workshops, seminars, webinars, and media events organised by ASSITEJ centres, theatres, schools, and artists worldwide.
National School of Drama (NSD) to organise 25th Bharat Rang Mahotsav (BRM) 2026 across 40 locations (Start of February)
  • The National School of Drama (NSD) will organise the 25th edition of Bharat Rang Mahotsav (BRM) 2026 from 27 January to 20 February.
  • The festival will be held across 40 locations in India and will feature at least one production from a country in each of the seven continents.
  • BRM 2026 will showcase 277 Indian productions and 12 international productions across 228 Indian and foreign languages and dialects.
  • New festival centres include Ladakh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu, Aizawl in Mizoram, Tura in Meghalaya, Nagaon in Assam, Mandi in Himachal Pradesh, and Rohtak in Haryana.
  • The event will feature curated segments including Adirang Mahotsav for tribal theatre, Jashne Bachpan for children’s theatre, and Poorvottar Natya Samaroh for North-Eastern theatre.
  • For the first time, the festival will include productions by transgender communities, sex workers, and senior citizens.
  • Under the Shruti initiative, 17 books will be launched during the festival, which will also showcase 33 productions directed by women.
  • International collaborators for the event include the National Polish Theatre Academy, the National Academy of Theatre and Film Arts in Madrid, and the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts – GITIS (Moscow).
World Puppetry Day celebrated on March 21 (End of March)
  • World Puppetry Day is celebrated on March 21 every year.
  • The idea for the day was proposed by Iranian puppet theatre artist Javad Zolfaghari during the 18th Congress of the Union Internationale de la Marionnette (UNIMA) in 2000.
  • UNIMA approved March 21 as the official date at its council meeting in Atlanta in 2002.
  • The first official World Puppetry Day took place on March 21, 2003.
  • UNIMA, founded in Prague in 1929, is the world’s oldest international theatre organisation.
India boosts tourism at ITB Berlin 2026 with new partnerships and 10% GDP share goal (Start of March)
  • On 5 March 2026 India held tourism talks with Indonesia and Germany at ITB Berlin 2026 led by Union Tourism Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
  • Discussions covered increased tourism flows, air connectivity, sustainable travel and people-to-people ties.
  • Shekhawat met UNWTO’s Shaikha Al Nowais to explore sustainable tourism models.
  • India launched a 700 sq m Incredible India Pavilion featuring 37 companies and six states showcasing heritage, culture, wellness and wildlife.
  • The Ministry of Tourism announced a Netflix partnership to promote Indian destinations through cinematic storytelling and new tourism films.
  • The government reiterated its goal to raise tourism’s GDP share from 6% to 10%, emphasised during the 33rd South Asia Travel and Tourism Exchange in New Delhi that gathered over 2,000 exhibitors.

World Puppetry Day observed on March 21

Key Updates:

  • World Puppetry Day is celebrated annually on March 21.
  • Cirque Du Soleil marked the occasion at the Disney Springs venue by showcasing intricate puppets from the production Drawn to Life.
  • Drawn to Life is a collaborative show between Cirque Du Soleil and Disney that originally opened in 2021.
  • The production features specialised puppetry including a moving pillow, moving trash cans, a living desk, and a giant hand.

Similar Coverage

World Puppetry Day celebrated on March 21 (End of March)
  • World Puppetry Day is celebrated on March 21 every year.
  • The idea for the day was proposed by Iranian puppet theatre artist Javad Zolfaghari during the 18th Congress of the Union Internationale de la Marionnette (UNIMA) in 2000.
  • UNIMA approved March 21 as the official date at its council meeting in Atlanta in 2002.
  • The first official World Puppetry Day took place on March 21, 2003.
  • UNIMA, founded in Prague in 1929, is the world’s oldest international theatre organisation.
SAIL launches nationwide creative contest "सेल-e-BRATION: Steel Built India, SAIL Built Trust" on 30 January 2026 (Start of February)
  • Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), a Maharatna PSU under the Ministry of Steel, launched the contest on 30 January 2026 in collaboration with MyGov.
  • The contest invites Indian citizens to submit 1080p MP4 videos (max 120 seconds) in Hindi or English by 16 February 2026, 11:59 PM IST via the MyGov portal.
  • Participants can choose from four themes: Building India’s Big Dreams, Shield & Star, There’s a Little Bit of SAIL in Everyone’s Life, and Products Everywhere.
  • Top five creators will each receive ₹10,000 cash, a Letter of Appreciation and Certificate from SAIL, and national exposure on SAIL’s official social media platforms.
World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People observed on March 20 (End of March)
  • World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People is celebrated annually on March 20.
  • The day was established by the International Association of Theatre for Children and Young People (ASSITEJ) in 2001.
  • ASSITEJ was founded in Paris in 1965 to connect theatre companies and professionals involved in theatre for children and young people.
  • The campaign promotes the message 'Take a child to the theatre, today, so they can see, hear, feel, think and imagine.'
  • Theatre for young audience (TYA) became a distinct branch in the early 20th century with the emergence of dedicated children's theatres.
  • Events on the day include performances, workshops, seminars, webinars, and media events organised by ASSITEJ centres, theatres, schools, and artists worldwide.
Department of Posts (DoP) Releases Puppets of India Commemorative Stamp Series (Mid of February)
  • The Department of Posts (DoP) issued a special set of eight commemorative postage stamps titled Puppets of India on 13 February 2026 at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi.
  • The stamps were formally released by Ms. Vandita Kaul, Secretary (Posts), to honour the master puppeteers and the diverse puppetry heritage of India.
  • The commemorative set features eight regional traditions: Kathputli (Rajasthan), Yakshagana Sutrada Gombeyatta (Karnataka), Daanger Putul (West Bengal), Kathi Kundhei (Odisha), Benir Putul (West Bengal), Pavakathakali (Kerala), Ravanachhaya (Odisha), and Tolu Bommalatta (Andhra Pradesh).
  • The denomination of each stamp in the set is 500 paise (₹5), with the complete set comprising eight stamps.
  • The stamp set and associated philatelic products were designed by Shri Sankha Samanta with artistic and textual inputs from Sangeet Natak Akademi (SNA) and Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).
  • The stamps are available at Philatelic Bureaus across the country and through the official online portal www.epostoffice.gov.in.