📰 Daily Briefing Wednesday, Feb 18

Daily Current Affairs: 18 February 2026

Analysis for 18 February 2026

Tarique Rahman sworn-in as Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

[Bangladesh]

Key Updates:

  • Tarique Rahman took oath as Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 17 February at the South Plaza of the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • President Mohammed Shahabuddin administered the oath to Tarique Rahman and his initial cabinet.
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) won over 200 of the 300 seats in the 12 February parliamentary elections.
  • Om Birla, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (India), attended the ceremony and handed over Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s personal letter to Tarique Rahman.
  • Other foreign attendees included Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, Pakistan Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal, Nepal Foreign Minister Bala Nanda Sharma, Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu, Sri Lanka Health Minister Nalinda Jayatissa, and UK Indo-Pacific Under Secretary Seema Malhotra.

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Tarique Rahman set to become Prime Minister of Bangladesh after BNP landslide. (Mid of February)
  • Tarique Rahman, chairman of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), won two parliamentary seats: Dhaka-17 and Bogra-6.
  • BNP and its allies secured at least 212 of the 299 contested seats in the 13th Parliamentary elections.
  • Jamaat-e-Islami and its allies won 70 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • The elections were held on February 12, with 127.7 million eligible voters and a 59% turnout reported by 2pm.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Tarique Rahman on BNP’s victory.
Bangladesh National Referendum and 13th General Election on 12 February 2026 (Mid of February)
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies secured a two-thirds majority in the 13th parliamentary election held on 12 February 2026.
  • A simultaneous national referendum was conducted to approve the July National Charter (Constitutional Amendment) Implementation Order, 2025.
  • The proposed reforms include transitioning the country from a unicameral to a bicameral parliamentary system with a 100-seat upper house.
  • The July National Charter introduces a 10-year (two-term) limit for any individual serving as the Prime Minister.
  • The reform package seeks to reinstate the caretaker government system, which was previously abolished in 2011.
  • The core constitutional principles of Bengali nationalism, democracy, socialism, and secularism are to be replaced by equality, human dignity, social justice, and religious freedom.
  • The official nationality of citizens will be changed from Bengali to Bangladeshi under the proposed constitutional framework.
  • New fundamental rights proposed in the charter include the right to uninterrupted internet access and the protection of personal information.
  • The referendum mechanism was reinstated by a High Court ruling in 2024 following the removal of the previous administration.
  • Bangladesh has previously held three national referendums in the years 1977, 1985, and 1991.
  • The charter proposes the establishment of two new administrative divisions named Comilla Division and Faridpur Division.
  • Article 70 of the Constitution, which prohibits members of parliament from voting against their party line, is proposed to be abolished.
  • The number of reserved seats for women in the lower house of parliament is proposed to be increased to 100.
Nitin Nabin assumes charge as Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) National Working President (Mid of December)
  • Nitin Nabin succeeded Union Minister JP Nadda as the BJP National Working President.
  • He is the youngest BJP president ever and the first BJP president from Bihar and Eastern India.
  • Nabin is a five-time MLA and Minister of Road Construction in the Bihar Government.
  • He is the son of veteran BJP leader Navin Kishore Prasad Sinha.
Khaleda Zia passed away at age 80 (End of December)
  • Khaleda Zia served three terms as Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
  • She was the first woman to lead the Bangladesh government.
  • Her funeral is scheduled at 2 pm at the South Plaza of the Parliament complex on Manik Mia Avenue.
  • India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will attend the funeral in Dhaka.
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) announced her death.
  • In January 2025, the Supreme Court acquitted her in the last corruption case, allowing her to contest the February election.
  • Her son Tarique Rahman, acting chairman of the BNP, returned to Bangladesh after 17 years abroad.

President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated centenary celebrations of Ol Chiki script.

Key Updates:

  • President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the centenary celebration of the Ol Chiki script organised by the Ministry of Culture (MoC).
  • Ol Chiki script was invented in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu for the Santhali language.
  • Santhali language was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India in 2003.
  • President released a commemorative coin and postage stamp to mark 100 years of Ol Chiki.
  • President felicitated 10 achievers from the Santal community for promoting Ol Chiki script.
  • Constitution of India was officially translated into Santhali language in Ol Chiki script and released by President in December 2025.

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President Droupadi Murmu became second head of state to sail in submarine (End of December)
  • Droupadi Murmu became the second head of state to sail in a submarine.
  • She undertook the sea sortie from Karwar Harbour in Karnataka.
  • She is the first President of India to have taken sortie in two fighter aircrafts of the Indian Air Force.
Droupadi Murmu attended Ol Chiki script centenary and NIT-Jamshedpur convocation (Mid of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu visited Jamshedpur and Adityapur to attend the centenary year programme of the discovery of Ol Chiki script at Disom Jaher, Karandih.
  • She delivered a speech on the concluding day of the week-long seminar on the promotion of Santhali script.
  • Murmu participated in the 15th convocation of National Institute of Technology (NIT-Jamshedpur) and awarded gold medals and degrees to graduating students.
Akshita Dhankar unfurled national flag with President Droupadi Murmu at 77th Republic Day parade. (End of January)
  • Flight Lieutenant Akshita Dhankar of the Indian Air Force (IAF) shared the flag-unfurling honour with President Droupadi Murmu on 26 January 2026.
  • She was commissioned as Flying Officer in the Administration branch on 17 June 2023 under the 211 Short Service Commission (Women) Ground Duty Course with service number 38704 ADM.
  • Dhankar was promoted to Flight Lieutenant and oversees administrative operations including personnel management and logistics.
  • She hails from Kansi village in Haryana and joined the National Cadet Corps (NCC) while studying at Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, Delhi University, rising to Cadet Sergeant Major.
  • She cleared the Air Force Common Admission Test (AFCAT) and received recommendation from the Air Force Selection Board (AFSB) in Mysore.
77th Republic Day celebrated with theme '150 years of Vande Mataram' (End of January)
  • The 77th Republic Day celebrations had the theme '150 years of Vande Mataram'.
  • President of the European Council Antonio Costa and President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen were the chief guests at the 77th Republic Day celebrations.
  • This year marks the first Republic Day after Operation Sindoor where India showcased its military might.
  • The parade began with President Droupadi Murmu taking the salute at Kartavya Path.
  • A total of 29 Indian Air Force aircraft, including 16 fighter jets, four transport aircraft and nine helicopters, participated in the flypast.
  • For the first time, the parade showcased a phased Battle Array Format of the Indian Army, including the aerial component.
  • A military contingent from the European Union (EU) participated, marking the EU’s first participation in such an event outside of Europe.

Actor Pravina Deshpande passes away at 60.

Key Updates:

  • Pravina Deshpande died on 17 February 2026 after a prolonged battle with cancer at the age of 60.
  • Her cremation was held on 17 February 2026 at 3:00 pm at Hindu Crematorium, Chakala Parsiwada, Andheri East.
  • She was a member of Cine & TV Artistes’ Association (CINTAA) since 2008.
  • Her Hindi film credits include Ready, Ek Villain, Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran and Jalebi.
  • Her television appearances include Ghar Ek Mandir, Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan, Karam Apnaa Apnaa and Kulfi Kumar Bajewala.
  • Her final screen appearance was in the Netflix web series Taskaree.

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Lung Cancer Treatment and Palliation: Evidence-Based Guidelines released to standardise cancer care (Start of February)
  • Union Health Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda released India’s first national, evidence-based guidelines for lung cancer treatment and palliation at Kartavya Bhavan.
  • The document, titled Lung Cancer Treatment and Palliation: Evidence-Based Guidelines, outlines 15 recommendations covering diagnosis, treatment pathways, and palliative care.
  • The guidelines were developed by experts under the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS).
  • The framework is applicable to both public and private healthcare systems to address regional variations and reduce treatment gaps in lung cancer management.
  • The guidelines are tailored to India’s specific disease burden and healthcare realities rather than relying solely on Western clinical models.
  • The initiative aims to improve early diagnosis, standardise care across states, and reduce disparities between public and private hospitals.
  • A plain-language summary will be issued alongside the technical document to help patients and caregivers understand treatment options.
Punnapra Appachan passes away at 77 (Start of January)
  • Punnapra Appachan died while undergoing treatment after sustaining injuries from a fall.
  • He breathed his last at a hospital in Alappuzha.
  • Appachan made his silver screen debut in 1965 with Othenante Makan, produced by Udaya Studio.
  • He gained wider recognition for his performance in Anubhavangal Paalichakal as a trade union leader.
  • One of his last films was Ottakkomban, starring Suresh Gopi.
  • He appeared in several films directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan.
  • Over his career, he acted alongside all major superstars of Malayalam cinema, mainly in villainous and character roles.
  • Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan and the FEFKA Directors’ Union condoled his demise.
Punjabi singer Harman Sidhu dies in road accident (End of November)
  • Harman Sidhu, 36, died after his car collided with a canter truck in Punjab’s Mansa district.
  • He was best known for the 2007 duet “Paper Te Payar” with Miss Pooja.
  • Other popular songs include “Mela”, “Sari Raat Parhdi”, “Thakevan Jattan Da” and “Pai Gaya Payar”.
Dharmendra dies at 89: The ‘macho’ hero who broke boundaries, gave India both Sholay and Satyakam (End of November)
  • Veteran Bollywood actor Dharmendra passed away in Mumbai from age-related ailments.
  • The actor's last rites took place in the afternoon at the Pawan Hans crematorium in Mumbai’s Vile Parle.
  • Dharmendra had worked in over 300 films over his storied career.
  • He was hospitalised in October for a health check-up after complaining of breathlessness.
  • Earlier this year, he underwent an eye graft surgery (corneal transplantation).
  • Born Dharmendra Deol, he was born to a school teacher in the Sahnewal village of Ludhiana district, Punjab.
  • He made his debut in Hindi films in 1960 with Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere.
  • Phool Aur Patthar marked his first action role and earned him the title of the ‘He-Man of Bollywood’.
  • His role of Veeru in Sholay became his most famous.
  • He balanced Sholay with Satyakam and is also remembered for his comic turn in Chupke Chupke.
  • He was married to Prakash Kaur and later to Hema Malini, with whom he has two daughters, Esha and Ahana.
  • He is survived by sons Sunny, Bobby, daughters Ajeeta, Vijayta, Esha and Ahana, along with his first wife Prakash Kaur and second wife Hema Malini.
  • He set up his production house Vijayta Films in 1983 and launched his son Sunny Deol with Betaab.
  • He won a National Award for the film Ghayal under the category Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment.
  • In 2012, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan.
  • He contested from Bikaner in Rajasthan during the 2004 Lok Sabha elections and served the constituency till 2009.

Nitai Roy Chowdhury sworn in as cabinet minister in Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) government.

[Bangladesh, Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)]

Key Updates:

  • Nitai Roy Chowdhury is the only Hindu minister in Prime Minister Tarique Rahman's cabinet.
  • He was elected MP from Magura-2 on a Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) ticket, defeating Jamaat-e-Islami rival.
  • Chowdhury previously served as Minister of Youth and Sports for about three months from September 1990 in Hussain Muhammad Ershad's government.
  • He is Vice Chairman of BNP's Central Committee and a senior advisor and strategist to the party leadership.
  • Chowdhury is an alumnus of University of Dhaka and studied law there after early education at Magura Government College.
  • His daughter Nipun Roy Chowdhury is an active BNP member and has held district-level leadership positions.

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André Béteille, pioneering Indian sociologist, died at 91. (Start of February)
  • André Béteille died in New Delhi on Tuesday night after a prolonged age-related illness at the age of 91.
  • He was born in West Bengal to a French father and an Indian mother and completed his MA at Calcutta University before joining the Delhi School of Economics (DSE) in 1959.
  • Béteille taught at DSE from 1959 until his retirement in 1999 and was known for never missing classes except for a few visiting fellowships abroad.
  • His major books include Caste, Class and Power (1965), Society and Politics in India (1991), and Equality and Universality: Essays in Social and Political Theory (2002).
  • He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2005 for his contribution to literature and education.
  • After retirement, he was associated with the Indian Council of Social Science Research and served as Chancellor of Ashoka University from 2014 to 2017.
Tarique Rahman set to become Prime Minister of Bangladesh after BNP landslide. (Mid of February)
  • Tarique Rahman, chairman of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), won two parliamentary seats: Dhaka-17 and Bogra-6.
  • BNP and its allies secured at least 212 of the 299 contested seats in the 13th Parliamentary elections.
  • Jamaat-e-Islami and its allies won 70 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad.
  • The elections were held on February 12, with 127.7 million eligible voters and a 59% turnout reported by 2pm.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Tarique Rahman on BNP’s victory.
Bangladesh National Referendum and 13th General Election on 12 February 2026 (Mid of February)
  • The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies secured a two-thirds majority in the 13th parliamentary election held on 12 February 2026.
  • A simultaneous national referendum was conducted to approve the July National Charter (Constitutional Amendment) Implementation Order, 2025.
  • The proposed reforms include transitioning the country from a unicameral to a bicameral parliamentary system with a 100-seat upper house.
  • The July National Charter introduces a 10-year (two-term) limit for any individual serving as the Prime Minister.
  • The reform package seeks to reinstate the caretaker government system, which was previously abolished in 2011.
  • The core constitutional principles of Bengali nationalism, democracy, socialism, and secularism are to be replaced by equality, human dignity, social justice, and religious freedom.
  • The official nationality of citizens will be changed from Bengali to Bangladeshi under the proposed constitutional framework.
  • New fundamental rights proposed in the charter include the right to uninterrupted internet access and the protection of personal information.
  • The referendum mechanism was reinstated by a High Court ruling in 2024 following the removal of the previous administration.
  • Bangladesh has previously held three national referendums in the years 1977, 1985, and 1991.
  • The charter proposes the establishment of two new administrative divisions named Comilla Division and Faridpur Division.
  • Article 70 of the Constitution, which prohibits members of parliament from voting against their party line, is proposed to be abolished.
  • The number of reserved seats for women in the lower house of parliament is proposed to be increased to 100.
Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan released book 'Chalice of Ambrosia: Ram Janmabhoomi – Challenge and Response' authored by Shri Surendra Kumar Pachauri. (End of January)
  • Vice President of India Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book at the Vice President’s Enclave.
  • The book is authored by former Secretary to the Government of India Shri Surendra Kumar Pachauri.
  • The Supreme Court verdict of 2019 on Ram Janmabhoomi was described as a historic turning point by the Vice President.
  • The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust mobilised over ₹3,000 crore through a crowd-funded campaign.
  • The Dhwaja-rohan ceremony of 25 November 2025 was recalled as a deeply emotional national moment.

Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev launches Bhavya Bharat Bhushan Award

Key Updates:

  • Spiritual leader Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev launched the Bhavya Bharat Bhushan Award to recognise individuals for their contributions to the growth and well-being of the nation.
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh attended the launch event as the chief guest and felicitated the award recipients during the Mahashivaratri celebrations.
  • The award recognises contributions across seven categories: national security, business, arts and entertainment, sports, community welfare, science and technology, and literature and academia.
  • Noted violinist N Rajam was among the individuals honoured with the Bhavya Bharat Bhushan Award.
  • Former Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chairman S Kiran Kumar received the award as a representative of the organisation for its decades of work in space technology.
  • The Bhavya Bharat Bhushan Award is a national honour established by the Isha Foundation.

Similar Coverage

Badalta Bharat Mera Anubhav Creative Challenges Announce Winners (Start of January)
  • The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (MIB) announced winners of four creative challenges under the ‘Badalta Bharat Mera Anubhav’ campaign organised with MyGov.
  • Citizens shared personal experiences and creative expressions reflecting India’s transformation over the last 11 years under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.
  • Aligned with the vision of ‘Viksit Bharat@2047’, the campaign engaged citizens across age groups and backgrounds through Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts, Short AV, and Blog Writing contests.
Maitreyi Pushpa conferred with IFFCO Sahitya Samman 2025 and Ankita Jain receives IFFCO Yuva Sahitya Samman (Start of January)
  • Maitreyi Pushpa received the IFFCO Sahitya Samman 2025 for her literary contributions on rural and agricultural life.
  • Ankita Jain was awarded the IFFCO Yuva Sahitya Samman for her book 'Oh Re! Kisan'.
  • The awards were presented by IFFCO Chairman Dilip Sanghani at Kamani Auditorium in New Delhi.
  • The award instituted by Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) carries a memento, citation, and Rs 11 lakh cheque.
  • Maitreyi Pushpa was born in Sikurra village of Aligarh district and obtained her M.A. in Hindi Literature from Bundelkhand College, Jhansi.
  • Ankita Jain is the Director of agro-manufacturing firm 'Vaidik Vatika' and founding member of 'Jai Jungle Farmers Producer Company'.
President Droupadi Murmu presented Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 (End of December)
  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the annual Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar to distinguished scientists from diverse fields at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • A total of 24 awards were presented under the second edition of the Puraskar in four categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team.
  • Jayant Vishnu Narlikar was posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna, the highest science award, for his lifetime achievements and contributions in the field of science and technology.
  • The Vigyan Team award was conferred upon the Team- Aroma Mission CSIR for contributions to Agricultural Science.
  • The awards are modeled on the Padma awards and recognize outstanding contributions across 13 domains, including Physics, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, and Space Science and Technology.
6th National Water Awards 2024: Winners Announced Across 10 Categories (Mid of November)
  • Scheme Name: 6th National Water Awards (NWA) 2024, launched by Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR), Ministry of Jal Shakti
  • Launch Year: Awards announced for 2024; application process opened on 23 October 2024 on Rashtriya Puraskar Portal of Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Objective: "creating awareness among the people about the importance of water and motivating them to adopt best water usage practices" and recognising efforts towards "Jal Samridh Bharat"
  • Key Feature: 46 winners (including joint winners) selected across 10 categories—Best State, District, Village Panchayat, Urban Local Body, School/College, Industry, Water User Association, Institution, Civil Society, and Individual
  • Implementing Agency: Evaluation by Jury Committee; ground-truthing by Central Water Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
  • Award Ceremony: To be held on 18 November 2025 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, with Hon’ble President Smt. Droupadi Murmu as Chief Guest

Robert Duvall passed away at age 95.

[United States]

Key Updates:

  • Robert Duvall died at his home on Sunday, as announced by his wife Luciana Duvall on Monday.
  • He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the 1983 film 'Tender Mercies'.
  • Duvall portrayed Tom Hagen in 'The Godfather' and 'The Godfather Part II'.
  • He received a total of seven Oscar nominations throughout his career.
  • His debut film appearance was as Boo Radley in the 1962 adaptation of 'To Kill a Mockingbird'.
  • He played Lt. Col. Kilgore in 'Apocalypse Now', a role that earned him an Oscar nomination.
  • Duvall starred as Gus McCrae in the 1989 TV miniseries 'Lonesome Dove', which he called his favorite role.
  • He directed and starred in 'The Apostle', which earned him his fifth Oscar nomination.

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Veteran Kannada filmmaker Joe Simon dies at 80. (Mid of February)
  • Joe Simon died of a heart attack at the age of 80 while attending a meeting at the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce (KFCC) in Bengaluru.
  • Simon directed popular Kannada films such as Sahasa Simha, Snehada Kadalalli, Simha Jodi, and Mr Vasu.
  • He had served as the Vice President of the Kannada Film Directors Association.
  • Deputy Chief Minister D K Shivakumar and Leader of Opposition R Ashoka paid tribute to his contributions to the Kannada film industry.
Brigitte Bardot passed away at age 91 (End of December)
  • Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot, French cinema actress and founder of the Brigitte Bardot Foundation (BBF), passed away at 91.
  • French President Emmanuel Macron paid tribute, stating the nation was mourning 'a legend of the century'.
  • The Brigitte Bardot Foundation announced her death with 'immense sadness' and remembered her as 'a world-renowned actress and singer'.
Béla Tarr Passed Away as Hungarian Director and Producer (Start of January)
  • Hungarian director, screenwriter, and producer Béla Tarr passed away at the age of 70 after a long illness.
  • He was a prominent figure in contemplative cinema, known for directing films such as 'Sátántangó', 'Werckmeister Harmonies', and 'The Turin Horse'.
  • He received the Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize at the 61st Berlin Film Festival in 2011 for his psychological drama 'The Turin Horse'.
  • He was a member of the European Film Academy (EFA) since 1997 and received the Honorary Award of the EFA President and Board in 2023.
  • He established the international film school known as film.factory in Sarajevo following his retirement from filmmaking.
  • Actor Isiah Whitlock Jr., known for his roles in 'The Wire' and 'Veep', passed away at the age of 71.
  • Legendary French actress Brigitte Bardot passed away at the age of 91.
  • Singer Chris Rea, famous for the song ‘Driving Home For Christmas’, passed away at the age of 74.
Tashi Namgyal Receives Ladakh State Award Posthumously (End of January)
  • Tashi Namgyal was a Kargil War hero from Ladakh.
  • He was conferred the State Award posthumously by the Ladakh administration.
  • His vigilance marked the opening chapter of Operation Vijay.

State Bank of India (SBI) notes cash in circulation hit record Rs 40 lakh crore in January 2026.

[State Bank of India (SBI)]

Key Updates:

  • Currency in circulation reached Rs 40 lakh crore in January 2026, 11% higher than January 2025.
  • UPI transactions touched Rs 28.33 lakh crore in January 2026, up over 20% year-on-year.
  • SBI attributes the cash spike to tax enforcement, lower interest rates boosting consumption, and high precious-metal prices prompting households to sell gold and silver.
  • 18,000 Goods and Services Tax (GST) notices served to small vendors on UPI dealings coincided with higher ATM withdrawals in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala.
  • Rs 2,000 notes share fell to 0.02% by volume after withdrawal of Rs 3.56 lakh crore worth from 19 May 2023; share of Rs 100, 200 and 500 notes increased.
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) directed banks in April 2025 to raise Rs 100/200 notes in ATMs and ensure 96% of ATMs dispense these denominations by end-March 2026.
  • Cash-to-GDP ratio declined to 11% in FY26 from 14.4% in FY21.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Digital Payments Index rises to 516.76 in September 2025. (Mid of February)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI) for September 2025 stands at 516.76.
  • The RBI-DPI was 465.33 in September 2024 and 493.22 in March 2025.
  • The index captures digitisation of payments across the country with March 2018 as the base year.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Forex Reserves Reach Record High of $709.4 Billion (Start of February)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reported that India’s foreign exchange reserves reached a record high of $709.4 billion for the week ended 23 January 2026.
  • The total reserves increased by $8.05 billion during the reporting week, comprising a $5.6 billion rise in gold reserves and a $2.37 billion increase in foreign currency assets.
  • Gold prices surged by 8.5% to reach $4,987 per ounce during the week, which significantly contributed to the growth in reserves.
  • The previous record for forex reserves was $704.89 billion, which was established in September 2024.
  • The reserves were also supported by the settlement of a matured Non-Deliverable Forward (NDF) position worth approximately $3 billion in the Over-the-Counter (OTC) market on 16 January 2026.
  • The Indian rupee closed at a record low of 91.99 against the US dollar on 30 January 2026 due to trade uncertainties and persistent capital outflows.
India to begin cross-border crypto data exchange under OECD CARF from April 2027 (Start of February)
  • India will start sharing and receiving cross-border cryptocurrency transaction data from April 1, 2027 under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) led Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF).
  • India is a signatory to the CARF which mandates automatic exchange of crypto transaction information between tax authorities.
  • From April 1, 2026, non-submission of prescribed crypto transaction statements will attract a daily penalty of ₹200.
  • Inaccurate reporting or failure to correct errors will draw a flat penalty of ₹50,000 per the budget documents.
  • The government had introduced a 30% tax on gains and 1% tax deducted at source on crypto transactions in 2022.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reports India’s forex reserves rose $392 million to $687.19 billion (Mid of January)
  • India’s foreign exchange reserves jumped by $392 million to $687.19 billion in the week ended January 9, 2026.
  • Foreign currency assets (FCAs) fell by $1.124 billion to $550.87 billion.
  • Gold holdings rose by $1.568 billion to $112.83 billion.
  • Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) edged down by $39 million to $18.739 billion.
  • India’s reserve position with the International Monetary Fund fell by $13 million to $4.758 billion.

All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA) Reports 2.01 Lakh Tonnes Sugar Exports till February 2026

[All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA)]

Key Updates:

  • India exported 2,01,547 tonnes of sugar through February in the 2025-26 marketing year.
  • The central government approved a total export quota of 2 million tonnes for the 2025-26 marketing year, including a recent addition of 500,000 tonnes.
  • White sugar accounted for 163,000 tonnes of total shipments, while refined sugar made up 37,638 tonnes.
  • The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was the top destination with 47,006 tonnes, followed by Afghanistan with 46,163 tonnes, Djibouti with 30,147 tonnes, and Bhutan with 20,017 tonnes.
  • India's sugar production is estimated to rise by 13 per cent to 29.6 million tonnes in the 2025-26 marketing year, excluding diversion for ethanol.
  • The All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA) noted that the additional 500,000-tonne export allocation is on a pro-rata basis and cannot be swapped between mills.

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Union Budget 2026 allocates ₹1.63 lakh crore for high-value agriculture and allied sectors (Start of February)
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman allocated ₹1,62,671 crore to the agriculture sector in Union Budget 2026-27, a 7% rise from 2025-26’s revised estimate of ₹1,51,853 crore.
  • The government will support high-value crops such as coconut, sandalwood, cocoa, cashew, agarwood, walnut, almond and pine nut under dedicated programmes for rejuvenating old orchards and expanding high-density cultivation.
  • A new coconut promotion scheme targets replacing non-productive trees with improved varieties in major coconut-growing states, benefiting around 30 million people including nearly 10 million farmers.
  • A dedicated programme for Indian cashew and cocoa aims to make India self-reliant in raw material production and processing and to establish these products as premium global brands by 2030.
  • Sandalwood cultivation will receive focused support through partnerships with state governments to promote scientific farming and post-harvest processing.
  • The Budget proposes integrated development of 500 reservoirs and water bodies to strengthen the fisheries value chain, with emphasis on market linkages and support to startups, women-led groups and fish farmer producer organisations.
  • A credit-linked subsidy programme will be introduced for animal husbandry to promote entrepreneurship, modernise livestock enterprises and scale up integrated value chains across dairy, poultry and livestock sectors.
  • The government announced the launch of Bharat Vistar, a multilingual AI tool integrating AgriStack portals and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) practices to deliver customised advisory support and boost farm productivity.
Commerce Ministry highlights Brazil and Nigeria as key drivers of Indian pharmaceutical export growth. (Mid of January)
  • Nigeria added USD 179 million in exports and contributed over 14 per cent to total export growth during the first eight months of this fiscal year.
  • Brazil recorded an increase of nearly USD 100 million in exports during April-November FY26.
  • India's pharmaceutical exports rose by 6.5 per cent to USD 20.48 billion during April-November 2025-26.
  • The US remains the single largest destination, accounting for over 31 per cent of exports in April-November 2025.
  • The Netherlands added over USD 58 million in exports, reflecting India's strengthening integration into European pharmaceutical distribution networks.
Indian Micro-Fertilisers Manufacturers Association (IMMA) to organise 6th National Crop Nutrition Summit & B2B Expo in Mumbai on 5-6 February 2026 (Start of February)
  • Indian Micro-Fertilisers Manufacturers Association (IMMA) will hold the 6th National Crop Nutrition Summit & B2B Expo on 5 and 6 February 2026 at National Stock Exchange (NSE), Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC), Mumbai.
  • The summit theme is 'Converge, Collaborate & Co-create' and will focus on crop nutrition, specialty fertilisers, biologicals, micronutrients, and India’s role in global agri-input manufacturing.
  • Minister of Marketing & Protocol, Government of Maharashtra, Jayakumar Jitendrasinh Rawal, will inaugurate the summit.
  • Agriculture Commissioner, Government of India, Dr P. K. Singh, will attend as Guest of Honour and outline government perspective on agri-input reforms, ease of doing business, export competitiveness and specialty crop nutrition products.
  • Participants include senior officials from Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), national research institutions, State Agriculture Departments, and Commissioners of Agriculture from several states including Maharashtra.
  • Day 1 themed 'Converge & Collaborate' will feature inaugural session, policy dialogue on One Nation, One License proposal, farmer recognition program, roundtable on integrating micronutrients and biologicals into fertiliser policy, 'Media Speaks' session, startup pitch platform, and industry networking sessions.
  • Day 2 themed 'Co-Create' will focus on structured B2B meetings, masterclasses on international trade, institutional and government business, fundraising, and sessions on manufacturing, data analytics and digital technologies.
  • The summit will conclude with an Industry–Government–Startup Conclave and a closing policymakers’ interaction.
  • IMMA will highlight policy priorities such as implementation of One Nation, One License, faster approval processes for micronutrients, biologicals and specialty fertilisers, differentiation between subsidised and non-subsidised agri inputs, export-oriented regulations, and stronger enforcement against counterfeit and sub-standard products.
Agriculture Ministry Releases First Advanced Estimates of Kharif Crop Production for 2025-26 (End of November)
  • Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, and Rural Development, Shivraj Singh Chouhan has released the first advanced estimates of production of main Kharif crops.
  • Total food grain production estimated to increase by 3.87 million tonnes to 173.33 million tonnes.
  • Kharif rice production is estimated at 124.504 million tonnes, which is 1.732 million tonnes more than last year.
  • Kharif maize production is estimated at 28.303 million tonnes, 3.495 million tonnes more than the previous year.
  • Total Kharif coarse cereals production projected at 41.414 million tonnes and pulses at 7.413 million tonnes.
  • Total Kharif oilseed production estimated at 27.563 million tonnes, with soybean at 14.266 million tonnes and peanut at 11.093 million tonnes.
  • Sugarcane production estimated at 475.614 million tonnes, an increase of 21.003 million tonnes over last year.
  • Cotton production estimated at 29.215 million bales (170 kg each); Patson and Mesta at 8.345 million bales.
  • ICAR denied bias allegations in evaluation of gene-edited rice lines Pusa DST-1 and DRR Dhan 100 Kamala under AICRPR multi-location trials.

Ministry of Commerce and Industry reports India’s January trade deficit at 3-month high of $34.68 billion

[Ministry of Commerce and Industry]

Key Updates:

  • India’s merchandise trade deficit widened to a three-month high of $34.68 billion in January 2026, up from $23.43 billion in the same month the previous year.
  • Total merchandise imports for January rose by 19% to reach $71.24 billion, while merchandise exports grew by 0.6% to $36.56 billion.
  • Gold imports during the month increased more than fourfold to $12.07 billion, while silver imports rose by 127% to reach $2 billion.
  • Services exports are estimated to reach a record high of $43.9 billion in January, marking a 26.3% year-on-year increase.
  • The Ministry of Commerce and Industry projects overall exports to reach nearly $860 billion in the current fiscal year, with services exports expected to exceed $410 billion.
  • Cumulative exports, including both merchandise and services, rose by 6.15% to $720.76 billion during the April-January period.
  • India’s imports from China were recorded at $108.18 billion during the April-January period of the 2025-26 fiscal year.
  • Key drivers for goods exports included engineering goods, petroleum products, meat, dairy, and iron ore.
  • The primary export destinations for Indian goods were the United Arab Emirates (UAE), China, United Kingdom (UK), Italy, and the Netherlands.
  • Exports to the United States (US) fell by 21.7% to $6.59 billion in January, attributed to the impact of tariff barriers.
  • Non-petroleum and non-gems and jewellery exports contracted by 0.24% to $32.78 billion in January.
  • According to the Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI), total merchandise exports for the April 2025 to January 2026 period fell by 4.4% to $36.6 billion.

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Goldman Sachs raises India CY26 Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth Forecast to 6.9% (Start of February)
  • Goldman Sachs has raised India’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for calendar year 2026 by 20 basis points to 6.9 per cent.
  • The upward revision follows the United States (US) reducing reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods to 18 per cent from the previous 25 per cent.
  • The revised 18 per cent tariff rate aligns India with other Asian economies that face US tariff rates ranging between 15 per cent and 19 per cent.
  • India’s bilateral goods trade surplus with the US doubled from approximately $20 billion in CY2015 to about $40 billion in CY2025 year-to-date.
  • The expansion in trade surplus was primarily driven by higher surpluses in electronics, pharmaceutical products, and textiles.
  • American crude oil accounted for 7 per cent of India’s crude imports by volume in Financial Year 2026 (FY26) up to November 2025, compared to 4 per cent in FY25.
State Bank of India (SBI) pegs zero-tariff share of India’s farm exports to US at 75% (Mid of February)
  • 75% of India’s agricultural exports to the United States will now attract zero tariff, according to a State Bank of India (SBI) report.
  • USD 1.36 billion worth of Indian agricultural commodities will receive zero additional US duty access.
  • India holds a USD 1.3 billion agricultural trade surplus with the United States.
  • Key products set to benefit include rice, spices, oilseeds, tea, coffee and fisheries.
  • India commands a 24.7% share in US global rice imports, valued at USD 341 million out of USD 1.378 billion total US rice imports.
  • India’s share in US coffee, tea, mate and spices imports is 2.8%, worth USD 396 million out of USD 14.026 billion total US imports in the category.
  • India holds a 9.6% share in US fish and aquatic invertebrate imports, supplying USD 1.817 billion out of USD 18.848 billion total US imports.
  • India’s share in US edible fruit and nuts imports is only USD 39 million out of USD 21.522 billion total US imports.
  • India’s share in US edible vegetables and certain roots imports is USD 109 million out of USD 12.402 billion total US imports.
  • India’s share in US prepared vegetables, fruit and nuts imports is USD 192 million out of USD 13.774 billion total US imports.
  • Across selected categories, India’s agricultural exports to the US total USD 2.894 billion, representing a 3.5% share of overall US imports of USD 81.950 billion.
Government data shows India’s FDI inflow rises 18% to USD 35.18 bn in Apr-Sep (Start of December)
  • India’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rose over 18% in April-September to USD 35.18 billion.
  • FDI equity inflow during April-September stood at USD 16.55 billion.
  • Inflows from the US more than doubled to USD 6.62 billion in April-September.
  • Services sector accounted for 16% of total FDI equity inflow, amounting to USD 5.10 billion.
  • Maharashtra received the highest share of FDI equity inflow at 31%, totaling USD 10.57 billion.
  • Karnataka and Gujarat followed with 21% and 15% of FDI equity inflow respectively.
Chinese customs data records India-China bilateral trade at all-time high of USD 155.62 billion in 2025. (Mid of January)
  • Indian exports to China rose to USD 19.75 billion in 2025, up USD 5.5 billion from the previous year.
  • Chinese exports to India increased 12.8% to USD 135.87 billion in 2025.
  • The India-China trade deficit widened to a record USD 116.12 billion in 2025, crossing the USD 100-billion mark for the second time since 2023.
  • In 2024, the trade deficit stood at USD 99.21 billion with China’s exports at USD 113.45 billion and India’s exports at USD 14.25 billion.
  • China’s global trade surplus reached almost USD 1.2 trillion in 2025, up 20% from 2024, with exports at USD 3.77 trillion and imports at USD 2.58 trillion.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants Payment Aggregator (PA) licences to In-Solutions Global Ltd (ISG)

[Reserve Bank of India (RBI), In-Solutions Global Ltd (ISG)]

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted final authorisations to In-Solutions Global Ltd (ISG) to operate as a Payment Aggregator (PA).
  • The authorisations cover three specific categories: Online (PA-O), Physical/Offline (PA-P), and Cross-Border (PA-CB).
  • The combined licences will enable ISG to provide a unified onboarding and settlement environment for online transactions, in-person payments, and cross-border flows.
  • The company also holds an International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) licence and international regulatory permissions to activate global payment corridors.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants Transcorp International Limited in-principle approval for Centralized Payment Systems (CPS) (Start of February)
  • Transcorp International Limited received in-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to participate in Centralized Payment Systems (CPS).
  • The approval enables the company to build and operate its payment ecosystem with RTGS and NEFT capabilities.
  • Transcorp will hold and operate a bank account at RBI and be allotted its own IFSC Code.
  • The Board of Directors reviewed the development at its meeting held on 04 February 2026.
  • The company recorded 49% growth in profitability during the quarter ended 31 December 2025 compared to the previous quarter.
  • Profitability for the nine-month period ended 31 December 2025 grew 67% over the corresponding period of the previous year.
  • Transcorp fully repaid all public Fixed Deposits under its Public Fixed Deposit scheme and has NIL outstanding public Fixed Deposits.
  • The company operates with the lowest average debt utilisation, resulting in reduced finance costs.
  • Digital payments and Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) business achieved record high payment volumes monthly.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants EximPe PA-CB licence for cross-border UPI collections. (Mid of February)
  • Mumbai-based fintech EximPe received final PA-CB authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • The licence enables global merchants and payment platforms to collect payments from India via UPI and other local payment methods.
  • Before the authorisation EximPe facilitated over USD 500 million in bank-led cross-border trade payments across key Asia corridors.
  • EximPe targets USD 1 billion in annualised UPI payments within the next 24 months.
  • EximPe raised USD 5 million in a 2022 seed round led by Leo Capital.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) grants Payment Aggregator licence to PB Pay Private Limited (Mid of February)
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted a Payment Aggregator licence to PB Pay Private Limited, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of PB Fintech.
  • The Certificate of Authorisation was issued by the RBI on 6th February and became effective immediately.
  • The final approval follows an in-principle nod granted by the central bank to the subsidiary in early 2024.
  • PB Fintech is the parent organisation of the online insurance marketplace Policybazaar and the lending platform Paisabazaar.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) widens Payment Aggregator authorization for Innoviti Technologies to cover physical in-store payments. (Mid of January)
  • Innoviti Technologies received RBI Certificate of Authorization to operate as a Payment Aggregator under the Payments and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
  • The authorization now covers both online and physical in-store payment transactions.
  • Innoviti already processes over ₹80,000 crore annually across 2,000+ cities and 50,000+ merchants.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves Bain Capital's acquisition of up to 41.7% stake in Manappuram Finance

[Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Bain Capital, Manappuram Finance]

Key Updates:

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted final approval on 13 February 2026 for the acquisition of up to 41.66 per cent of the paid-up equity capital of Manappuram Finance by Bain Capital.
  • The acquisition will be executed through Bain Capital affiliates, BC Asia Investments XXV Ltd and BC Asia Investments XIV Ltd.
  • Bain Capital committed to an investment of approximately ₹4,385 crore to acquire an initial 18 per cent stake through preferential allotment of equity shares and warrants at ₹236 per share.
  • The transaction includes a mandatory open offer for an additional 26 per cent stake from public shareholders at ₹236 per share, as per the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011.
  • Upon completion, Bain Capital will be classified as a promoter and will jointly control Manappuram Finance with the existing promoters.
  • The existing promoters will retain a 28.9 per cent stake in the gold loan financier on a fully diluted basis post-investment.
  • V P Nandakumar serves as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Manappuram Finance.

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Shriram Finance board approves ₹39,617 Cr preferential issue to MUFG Bank for 20% stake (End of December)
  • Shriram Finance will issue 47.11 crore equity shares at ₹840.93 apiece to Japan’s MUFG Bank.
  • MUFG Bank will hold a 20% minority stake in Shriram Finance on a fully diluted basis.
  • The deal requires approvals from shareholders and regulators including the Reserve Bank of India and the Competition Commission of India.
  • An extraordinary general meeting is scheduled on January 14, 2026, to seek shareholder approval for the preferential issue.
  • MUFG will be classified as a public shareholder upon completion of the transaction.
  • MUFG will pay a one-time non-compete and non-solicitation fee of $200 million to Shriram Ownership Trust.
  • Shriram Finance shares rose 2.62% to ₹892.70 apiece on the BSE after the announcement.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raises banks’ M&A financing limit to 20% of tier-1 capital. (Mid of February)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) allows banks to finance acquisitions up to 20% of their tier-1 capital, doubling the earlier draft cap of 10%.
  • Aggregate capital market exposure (CME) of a bank must not exceed 40% of its eligible capital base on both solo and consolidated basis.
  • Direct capital market exposure, comprising investment exposures, capped at 20% of eligible capital base on solo and consolidated basis.
  • Banks can fund up to 75% of the acquisition value for both listed and unlisted entities.
  • Debt-equity ratio of 3:1 required for the acquiring company together with the target on a consolidated basis.
  • Acquisition must result in acquirer gaining control of the target through a single transaction or interconnected transactions completed within 12 months.
  • Loan-to-value ratios set at 75% for mutual funds, 60% for loans against shares and NCDs, and 85% for debt mutual funds.
  • Banks permitted to lend against government securities, sovereign gold bonds, loan against shares, NCDs, mutual funds, ETF units and InvITs.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approves Blackstone’s 9.99% stake acquisition in Federal Bank. (Start of February)
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved Blackstone’s acquisition of up to 9.99 per cent stake in Federal Bank.
  • Competition Commission of India (CCI) had cleared the proposal in December 2025.
  • Federal Bank will issue up to 272.97 million warrants convertible into equity shares of face value ₹2 at ₹227 per share.
  • Blackstone will invest ₹6,196.51 crore through its affiliate Asia II Topco XIII Pte Ltd.
  • Post-transaction, Blackstone can nominate a director if its shareholding remains at or above 5 per cent.
  • Upon full conversion, Blackstone will become the single largest shareholder in Federal Bank.
  • Federal Bank reported a 9 per cent YoY rise in Q3 FY26 net profit to ₹1,041 crore.
  • Gross NPAs declined to 1.72 per cent and net NPAs to 0.42 per cent in Q3 FY26.
  • Net interest income rose 9 per cent YoY to ₹2,653 crore; net interest margin improved to 3.18 per cent.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) permits ICICI Bank to acquire up to 9.95% stake in eight lenders (Mid of February)
  • The RBI has approved the application for ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited (ICICI Prudential AMC), along with group entities of ICICI Bank, to acquire an aggregate holding of up to 9.95% in eight banks.
  • The lenders covered under the approval are Bandhan Bank Limited, City Union Bank Limited, Equitas Small Finance Bank Limited, Federal Bank Limited, IDFC First Bank Limited, HDFC Bank Limited, The Karur Vysya Bank Limited, and RBL Bank Limited.
  • ICICI Bank, the second-largest private sector lender in India, must complete the acquisition of paid-up equity capital or voting rights within one year from the date of the RBI letter.
  • The permissions were granted under the consolidated Master Direction on acquisition and holding of shares or voting rights in banking companies.

SAHI and BODH initiatives launched to integrate ethical AI into India’s health system

Key Updates:

  • Union Health Minister JP Nadda launched the Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India (SAHI) and the Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health AI (BODH) at Bharat Mandapam during the India AI Impact Summit 2026 Day 2.
  • SAHI serves as a national guideline for responsible AI adoption in healthcare, covering governance, data management, validation and monitoring of AI tools.
  • BODH was developed by IIT Kanpur in collaboration with the National Health Authority (NHA) and operates under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission to evaluate and benchmark AI models using privacy-preserving techniques.
  • The summit features over 20 Heads of State, 60 ministers and hundreds of global AI experts, with an AI Expo hosting 300+ exhibition pavilions and 600+ startups across 70,000 square metres at Bharat Mandapam.
  • Organisers expect more than 2.5 lakh visitors during the five-day event.

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India to host India-AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi from February 16 to 20 (Mid of February)
  • India is scheduled to host the India-AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi from February 16 to 20, 2026.
  • The Summit is organised under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and is built around three foundational Sutras: People, Planet, and Progress.
  • The event will see participation from ministerial-level delegations representing over 45 countries and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General.
  • Confirmed attendees from Europe include President Emmanuel Macron (France), President Pedro Sanchez Perez-Castejon (Spain), Prime Minister Petteri Orpo (Finland), Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis (Greece), Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic (Croatia), President Alar Karis (Estonia), President Peter Pellegrini (Slovakia), President Aleksandar Vucic (Serbia), President Guy Parmelin (Switzerland), Prime Minister Dick Schoof (Netherlands), and Hereditary Prince Alois (Liechtenstein).
  • Leaders from the Americas and Asia-Pacific attending include President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (Brazil), Vice President Edmand Lara Montano (Bolivia), Vice President Dr. Bharrat Jagdeo (Guyana), Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay (Bhutan), President Anura Kumara Disanayaka (Sri Lanka), and Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov (Kazakhstan).
  • Participants from Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Middle East include Prime Minister Dr. Navinchandra Ramgoolam (Mauritius), Vice President Sebastien Pillay (Seychelles), and Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (United Arab Emirates).
Reliance Industries (RIL) announces people-first Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform and global clean energy hub (Mid of January)
  • Jio will launch a people-first artificial intelligence platform built in India, for India, and the world.
  • In Jamnagar, we are building India's largest artificial intelligence-ready data centre with a single goal -- affordable AI for every Indian.
  • At Jamnagar, we are building the world's largest integrated clean energy ecosystem, spanning solar, battery energy storage, green hydrogen, green fertilizer, sustainable aviation fuel, and maritime fuels, and advanced materials.
  • Our multi-gigawatt utility scale solar project, among the world's largest, will deliver round-the-clock clean power through advanced storage and modern grid integration.
  • Jamnagar, once the largest hydrocarbon energy exporter, will in the coming years become India's largest exporter of green energy and material, from Gujarat.
India hosts 86th All India Presiding Officers’ Conference in Lucknow (End of January)
  • The 86th All India Presiding Officers’ Conference (AIPOC) began in Lucknow.
  • Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla flagged the declining duration of State Assembly sessions as a matter of concern.
  • Presiding Officers from Legislative Assemblies of 28 states, 3 Union Territories, and 6 Legislative Councils are participating.
  • Uttar Pradesh Governor Anandiben Patel inaugurated the three-day conference.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi sent greetings highlighting the importance of debates and discussions in democracy.
PM to inaugurate Skyroot’s Infinity Campus and unveil Vikram-I orbital rocket (End of November)
  • Prime Minister will inaugurate Indian space startup Skyroot’s Infinity Campus on 27th November at 11 AM via video conferencing.
  • He will also unveil Skyroot’s first orbital rocket, Vikram-I, with capability to launch satellites to orbit.
  • The state-of-the-art facility will have around 200,000 square feet workspace for designing, developing, integrating and testing multiple launch vehicles, with a capacity to build one orbital rocket every month.
  • Skyroot is India’s leading private space company, founded by Pawan Chandana and Bharath Dhaka, both alumni of Indian Institutes of Technology and former scientists of ISRO turned entrepreneurs.
  • In November 2022, Skyroot launched its sub-orbital rocket, Vikram-S, becoming the first Indian private company to launch a rocket to space.

Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum to become world’s largest museum

Key Updates:

  • The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) officially moved to the Seva Teerth complex, vacating South Block.
  • The relocation clears the path for the Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum project in Delhi.
  • The museum will span 1.55 lakh square metres, surpassing the British Museum and the Louvre in scale.
  • North and South Blocks on Raisina Hill are being retrofitted through adaptive reuse to house the museum.
  • The museum is divided into eight thematic segments covering over 5,000 years of Indian civilisation.
  • It will feature over 950 rooms, 30 galleries, and display between 80,000 and 100,000 artefacts.
  • India has partnered with France Muséums Développement for technical collaboration on the project.
  • The first gallery is scheduled to open by December 2026, with full operations expected within three years.
  • The museum anticipates an annual footfall of nearly 10 million visitors once fully operational.

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Seva Teerth complex becomes new permanent PMO hub, freeing North & South Blocks for Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum (Mid of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially inaugurated the Seva Teerth complex.
  • Seva Teerth now houses the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), the Cabinet Secretariat, and the National Security Council Secretariat.
  • The relocation date was chosen to coincide with the 95th anniversary of New Delhi being declared the capital.
  • North and South Blocks are being transformed into the Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum, set to be the world’s largest museum at 1.55 lakh square metres.
  • The museum will display 80,000–100,000 artefacts across 30 galleries and over 950 rooms.
  • India has partnered with France Muséums Développement for technical expertise in conservation and visitor experience.
  • The first glimpse gallery, showcasing 100 key artefacts, is scheduled to open by December 2026.
  • The fully operational museum expects nearly 10 million visitors annually within the next three years.
Bihar to get first power museum announced on December 11, 2025 (Mid of December)
  • Bihar is all set to get country’s first-ever power museum.
  • The museum will be developed on the 3-acre campus of the decommissioned Karbigahiya Thermal Power Station in Patna.
  • The museum is envisioned not only to preserve Bihar's rich power-sector heritage but also to boost tourism and serve as a centre for educational and industrial research.
  • Advisor to the chief minister of Bihar and director general of Bihar Museum Anjani Kumar Singh reviewed the complete project plan.
J&K to kick off first-ever limestone block auction on November 24 (End of November)
  • Jammu & Kashmir will conduct its maiden auction of seven limestone blocks under the MMDR Act's post-2015 reforms.
  • The Centre intervened to speed up the process and open new mineral blocks.
  • The initiative is expected to generate jobs, boost state revenues, support industrial expansion, and create new economic opportunities for local communities.
  • The Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir will host its first-ever auction of limestone mineral blocks on November 24 in Jammu.
  • The launch event will be led by Union Coal & Mines Minister G. Kishan Reddy, alongside the Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Seven limestone blocks spanning roughly 314 hectares have been identified across Anantnag, Rajouri, and Poonch districts.
  • These deposits fall under United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) G3 Prospecting and G4 Reconnaissance exploration categories.
  • These deposits hold considerable potential for high-quality limestone, a raw material critical for cement, construction, and several industrial applications.
  • The auction is being carried out under subsections 4 and 5 of Section 11 of the MMDR Act.
  • This provision allows the Central Government to step in when states or UTs face procedural constraints in conducting auctions.
  • This mechanism highlights the principle of “cooperative federalism” in speeding up mineral sector reforms.
  • The Ministry of Mines has emphasised that the auction will follow a transparent, technology-enabled, and competitive process, aligned with national environmental safeguards to promote sustainable mining practices.
India to Host UNESCO Global Heritage Committee Session at Red Fort (Start of December)
  • India will host the 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) from 8 to 13 December 2025 at the historic Red Fort in New Delhi.
  • The announcement was made by Union Minister for Culture and Tourism, Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha.
  • The session will examine new nominations for UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists and review safeguarding status of inscribed elements.

Jammu and Kashmir Government to Revive Tulbul Navigation Project and Chenab Water Lifting Scheme

[Jammu and Kashmir]

Key Updates:

  • Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Chief Minister (CM) Omar Abdullah announced the revival of the Tulbul Navigation Project (TNP) and a project to lift water from the Chenab river near Akhnoor for Jammu city.
  • The TNP, also known as the Wular Barrage, involves a 135-metre long and 12-metre wide lock-and-control structure at the confluence of the Jhelum river and Wular lake in Sopore.
  • The project is designed to store 30,000 acre-feet of water during high-discharge periods to maintain uniform water levels for year-round navigation in the Jhelum river.
  • Construction of the TNP originally commenced in 1984 but was suspended in 1989 following objections from Pakistan regarding the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) and the eruption of militancy.
  • The Government of India put the IWT in abeyance in May 2025 following a terror attack in Pahalgam and a subsequent four-day conflict under Operation Sindoor.
  • The J&K government had previously launched the ₹389-crore centrally sponsored Wular Conservation Project in 2010 to increase the lake's water-holding capacity and promote tourism and fisheries.
  • The proposed barrage in the Ningli neighbourhood of Sopore functions as a hydraulic structure combining a river control dam with a navigation lock.

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Sharda River Corridor Project launched in Uttarakhand with ₹3,300 Crore Investment (Start of February)
  • Chief Minister (CM) Pushkar Singh Dhami laid the foundation stone for the Sharda river corridor project at Tanakpur in the Champawat district of Uttarakhand.
  • The project involves a total proposed investment of ₹3,300 crore and will cover an area of nearly 200 sq km in the Champawat district.
  • The first phase of the project includes the redevelopment of Sharda Ghat at a cost of ₹10.7 crore and the Tanakpur city drainage system costing ₹66 crore.
  • Infrastructure developments under the first phase also include a helipad at Chuka and a multi-storey parking facility.
  • The corridor aims to promote adventure tourism through facilities for river rafting on the Sharda river and paragliding.
  • The state government plans to extend the Purnagiri mela beyond its current three-month schedule to attract visitors throughout the year.
  • The project focuses on the conservation and development of cultural heritage sites, including temples at Devidhura, Bageshwar, Jageshwar, Patal Bhuvaneshwar, and the Goljyu temple in Champawat.
World Bank approves Rs 5,700 crore for Jal Sanrakshit Haryana Project (End of January)
  • The World Bank (WB) has approved Rs 5,700 crore for Haryana under the ‘Jal Sanrakshit Haryana Project’ to be released in phases between 2026 and 2032.
  • The project will restore 115 canals at Rs 2,325 crore with WB support, 284 canals at Rs 2,230 crore from the state budget, and 279 canals at Rs 2,880 crore through NABARD funding.
  • Of 15,562 minor canals, 400 will be restored at Rs 450 crore with WB assistance, 1,500 at Rs 1,250 crore by the state, and 61 at Rs 402 crore via NABARD.
  • WB will provide Rs 900 crore for micro-irrigation across nearly 70,000 acres and Rs 600 crore to reuse treated sewage water to irrigate 28,000 acres in Jind, Kaithal and Gurugram.
  • Around 80 new water bodies will be built in southern Haryana for groundwater recharge and Rs 886 crore will promote crop diversification, direct rice seeding and water-saving practices.
Musi River Development Project gets Rs 4,100 crore ADB in-principle loan (Start of January)
  • Asian Development Bank (ADB) has in-principle agreed to extend Rs 4,100 crore (USD 500 million) to the Telangana Government for parts of phase-I of Musi River Development Project.
  • The state government has submitted a preliminary project report to the Ministry of Jal Shakti seeking Rs 3,188 crore under the National River Conservation Plan for the Musi river project.
  • The entire project is divided into five zones; the Detailed Project Report for Zone I is in progress and 21 km of the total 55 km in Zone-I is being undertaken by Musi Riverfront Development Corporation (MRDCL).
Dulhasti Stage-II Hydropower Project receives environmental clearance (End of December)
  • The Expert Appraisal Committee under the Ministry of Environment accorded environmental clearance to the 260-megawatt Dulhasti Stage-II hydropower project on Chenab river in Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir.
  • The project is estimated to cost over ₹3,200 crore and will be implemented as a run-of-the-river scheme.
  • The clearance was granted during the 45th meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee on hydel projects.

Assam Government Approves 3% Reservation for Tea Tribes and Adivasis in Grade I and II Jobs

[Assam]

Key Updates:

  • The Assam government has approved a 3 per cent reservation for tea tribes and Adivasi people in Grade I and Grade II government jobs.
  • The reservation policy will extend to recruitment for the Assam Civil Service (ACS) and the Assam Police Service (APS).
  • The state government has already implemented a 3 per cent reservation for tea and Adivasi communities under the Other Backward Classes (OBC) quota in Grade III and IV jobs.
  • The Assam Cabinet approved ₹335 crore for the establishment of the state's second Sainik School at Langvoku in the Karbi Anglong district.
  • Chief Minister (CM) Himanta Biswa Sarma announced the decision during the 19th biennial general conference of the Assam Tea Tribe Students’ Association (ATTSA).
  • The initiative aims to integrate approximately 40 lakh people from the tea community into the mainstream of society.

Similar Coverage

PM Modi inaugurates and flags off projects worth Rs 5,450 crore in Assam (Mid of February)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Assam and launched development projects worth over Rs 5,450 crore aimed at improving connectivity, digital infrastructure, higher education, and urban mobility in the North-East.
  • He landed at the Emergency Landing Facility (ELF) on the Moran Bypass in Dibrugarh, the first such dual-use facility in the North-East, developed with the Indian Air Force (IAF) to handle fighter aircraft up to 40 tonnes and transport aircraft up to 74 tonnes.
  • PM Modi inspected the newly built Kumar Bhaskar Varma Setu, a six-lane extradosed PSC bridge across the Brahmaputra, constructed at a cost of approximately Rs 3,030 crore, reducing travel time between Guwahati and North Guwahati to seven minutes.
  • He inaugurated the National Data Centre for the North-Eastern Region at Amingaon in Kamrup district, with a sanctioned load of 8.5 MW and average rack capacity of 10 kW, to host mission-critical government applications and serve as a Disaster Recovery centre.
  • PM Modi inaugurated the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Guwahati, adding to higher education infrastructure in the North-East.
  • He flagged off 225 electric buses under the PM-eBus Sewa Scheme, with 100 for Guwahati, 50 each for Nagpur and Bhavnagar, and 25 for Chandigarh, expected to benefit over 50 lakh citizens.
Mukhya Mantrir Eti Koli Duti Paat Scheme: ₹300 crore one-time assistance of ₹5,000 each to 6 lakh tea garden workers. (End of January)
  • Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched the Mukhya Mantrir Eti Koli Duti Paat Scheme at Doomdooma in Tinsukia district.
  • The scheme will disburse over ₹300 crore as a one-time financial assistance of ₹5,000 each to more than six lakh permanent and casual tea garden workers.
  • The benefit covers 836 tea gardens across 27 districts and 73 legislative assembly constituencies in Assam.
  • Budgetary allocation has been made to ensure successful implementation of the scheme.
  • The launch fulfills an election promise of the present Assam government.
Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Act 2025 grants ownership of labour-line land to tea garden workers (End of November)
  • The Assam Legislative Assembly passed the Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Act, 2025.
  • The amendment excludes labour lines from land ancillary to special cultivation, allowing government to declare them surplus and acquire them.
  • Government shall "give settlement of such lands to tea garden workers residing and in occupation of such lands".
  • Land allotted per family "shall be such as may be notified by the Government from time to time".
  • Allotted land will be heritable but not transferable for 20 years; thereafter sale/transfer is allowed only to a tea garden worker residing in the same tea estate.
Narendra Modi pledges global recognition for Assam's culture (Mid of January)
  • Narendra Modi declared his commitment to ensuring Assam’s cultural heritage receives global recognition.
  • Modi attended the Bagurumba Dwhou event in Guwahati and praised the Bagurumba dance as a living celebration of Bodo traditions.
  • He accused previous Congress governments of neglecting Bodoland and encouraging illegal infiltration for vote bank politics.
  • Modi highlighted the transformation of Assam under BJP governance, attributing peace to the Bodo Peace Accord.

CM Shri Schools project launched across Delhi

[Delhi]

Key Updates:

  • Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Delhi chief minister Rekha Gupta inaugurated the first CM Shri School at Sarojini Nagar on 17 February 2026.
  • Foundation stones for 75 CM Shri School projects across Delhi were laid simultaneously.
  • The initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) and aims to provide modern, technology-integrated education and improved learning infrastructure.
  • Education minister Ashish Sood announced that 7,000 classrooms will be converted into AI-enabled smart classrooms before the government completes its first year in office.
  • 175 new ICT labs equipped with 7,000 computers, more than 100 digital libraries and over 175 language labs are being launched.
  • The schools will serve children from economically weaker, lower and middle-income families with facilities comparable to private schools.

Similar Coverage

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Columbia University partner to establish AI Centre for Manufacturing (Mid of February)
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Columbia University have signed an agreement to establish the Columbia-IIT Bombay Centre of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Manufacturing.
  • The centre is a joint research and translation facility designed to build robust, scalable, and human-centric AI systems for real-world factory applications.
  • The Ministry of Education (MoE) has initiated four different AI centres so far, including this new collaborative project.
  • The centre aims to address diverse sectors including semiconductors, robotics, pharmaceuticals, food processing, refining, petrochemicals, construction, transport, and logistics.
  • The initiative will develop interoperable industrial AI infrastructure to manage shop-floor realities such as legacy equipment, noisy data, real-time constraints, and multilingual workforces.
  • The project focuses on supporting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), nurturing startups, and releasing foundational datasets and models as public goods.
Google, MSDE, and CCSU collaborate to establish AI-enabled university in India (End of January)
  • The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU), and Google announced a collaboration to establish an AI-enabled university in India.
  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Google, MSDE, and CCSU to support capacity building and AI-focused education initiatives during the AI Impact Summit 2026.
  • Google introduced AI-powered Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main practice tests through its Gemini AI platform, allowing students to personalise difficulty levels and receive interactive explanations.
  • The Gemini AI Academy was launched to assist educators in creating lesson plans and quizzes, aligning with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
  • Google is deploying SynthID to identify AI-generated content and integrating Gemini into Google Classroom to provide AI-assisted feedback and usage insights.
  • Google Workspace Studio was introduced to allow the creation of no-code AI agents for classroom and administrative workflows.
  • Wadhwani AI, supported by Google.org, announced an expansion of its AI-for-Education initiatives to reach 75 million students and 1.8 million educators by December 2027.
India launches Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 (Mid of February)
  • Union Minister for Education Dharmendra Pradhan launched the two-day Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 in New Delhi.
  • The conclave focuses on four verticals: AI for school education, AI for higher education, AI for skilling and workforce readiness, and AI research and deep technology.
  • It aims to integrate AI in education at scale and develop the ‘Bharat EduAI Stack’ by bringing together academia, industry, policymakers, start-ups, innovators, scientific leadership and the skilling ecosystem.
  • Pradhan stated that India’s AI will be inclusive by design, interoperable by architecture and sovereign by capability.
  • Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow introduced a series of new Artificial Intelligence programmes during the event.
  • An MoU was exchanged between Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Columbia University to establish a Centre of AI for manufacturing at IIT Bombay.
  • On 11 February, Pradhan chaired a roundtable with founders of 10 new-age Indian start-ups using AI in education at IIT Delhi to discuss alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
VijAIpatha Labs launched to democratise AI, STEM and Robotics education in Karnataka government schools (End of December)
  • Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched Cyient AI Labs (CyAILS) — 'VijAIpatha' — to provide Artificial Intelligence, STEM and Robotics education in government schools.
  • Under the pilot phase, five world-class AI, STEM and Robotics laboratories are being established in government schools, starting with a girl's government school in Hosapete taluk.
  • Each lab will be equipped with high-performance computers, AI-ready software, robotics kits, IoT devices, sensors and secure broadband connectivity.
  • The programme integrates CBSE's AI curriculum and is aligned with NEP 2020, Digital India and the mission of Viksit Bharat 2047.
  • The initiative targets rural and semi-urban areas, aiming to build early digital fluency, computational thinking and innovation capacity among students.
  • It will benefit over 2,000 students and train more than 200 teachers, serving as a scalable CSR model for national AI education rollout.

Supreme Court Recognises Menstrual Health as a Fundamental Right under Article 21

[Supreme Court of India]

Key Updates:

  • The Supreme Court (SC) of India recognised access to menstrual health as a fundamental right under Article 21, expanding the constitutional meaning of life and dignity.
  • A Bench led by Justices JB Pardiwala and R Mahadevan reframed menstrual health and hygiene as an enforceable constitutional entitlement rather than a matter of welfare or budgetary discretion.
  • The ruling mandates all government and private schools to provide free oxo-biodegradable sanitary products to girls in classes 6 to 12.
  • Schools are required to ensure access to functional girls’ toilets equipped with covered disposal bins, soap, clean water, and menstrual hygiene management corners.
  • The judgement aligns sanitation and dignity with the Right to Education (RTE) under Article 21A and the principle of substantive equality under Article 14.
  • The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and State Councils of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) are directed to integrate gender-responsive curricula.
  • District Education Officers are tasked with conducting annual inspections and collecting anonymous student feedback to monitor ground-level compliance.
  • The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is designated to provide nationwide oversight for the implementation of these directives.
  • Private institutions are subject to the ruling, and non-compliance may result in penalties such as derecognition.

Similar Coverage

Maharashtra Launches Country’s First Menopause Clinics to Provide Integrated Healthcare Support for Women (End of January)
  • Maharashtra has established the country’s first dedicated menopause clinics across government hospitals and urban health facilities.
  • The initiative was launched on 14 January 2026, on the occasion of Makar Sankranti, under the guidance of the Minister of State for Health Meghna Bordikar.
  • The clinics provide expert medical consultation, mental health counselling, and screening for bone, heart, and hormonal health at a single location.
  • The programme aims to address physical changes, mental stress, hormonal imbalance, bone-related problems, sleep disorders, and depression in women.
  • Maharashtra is the first state in India to introduce such specialised clinics exclusively for women during the menopause phase.
International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation 2026 on February 6 (Start of February)
  • International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is observed annually on February 6.
  • The 2026 observance falls on Friday, February 6.
  • The day was first introduced in 2003.
  • United Nations (UN) sponsors the day as part of its efforts to eradicate Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).
  • Over 230 million girls and women alive today have been subjected to FGM according to UN data.
National Women’s Day 2026 observed in India on 13 February (Mid of February)
  • National Women’s Day 2026 in India is observed on 13 February.
  • The day marks the birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu, known as the Nightingale of India.
  • Sarojini Naidu became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress in 1925.
  • She was appointed the first woman Governor of an Indian state, the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), in 1947.
  • India celebrates a separate National Women’s Day on 13 February, while International Women’s Day is marked worldwide on 8 March.
Karnataka Wellbeing Leave Bill 2025 to offer menstrual leaves and WFH flexibility (Mid of December)
  • Karnataka government has readied the Karnataka Wellbeing Leave Bill 2025 a first of its kind legislation on the subject.
  • The proposed bill provides menstrual leave not only for working women in the formal sector but also for menstruating students in educational institutions, transgenders ASHAs, anganwadi, and midday meal personnel, and those working in mines.
  • While the working women will get one day leave per month, the menstrual leave for students is capped at two days in a month and will be supported by a 2% relaxation in overall attendance requirements for menstruating students in schools, colleges and universities both government and private.
  • As per the proposed bill, if the employee does not choose to avail of the leave, they will be entitled for work from home if the facility is available.
  • Not mandating a doctor’s certificate, the leave can be availed through a request on e-mail.
  • The Bill proposes to institute the Karnataka Women Wellbeing Authority to carry out purposes of the Bill.
  • A penalty of upto ₹5,000 for each contravention of the provision has been proposed for those who deny menstrual leave, ill treat or discriminate against menstruating individuals.

Delhi Government launches Bhu-Aadhaar to assign 14-digit Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN)

[Delhi Government]

Key Updates:

  • The Delhi government has launched the Bhu-Aadhaar initiative to assign a unique 14-digit identification number to every land parcel in the city to resolve boundary disputes.
  • The Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), dubbed Bhu-Aadhaar, is part of the central government's Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) launched in 2021.
  • The implementation of the project is being handled by the IT branch of the revenue department with support from the Survey of India (SoI).
  • A new digital land map of Delhi will be prepared using drone surveys and high-resolution imaging to generate accurate ULPINs.
  • Approximately 2 terabytes (TB) of geospatial data and drone-based Ortho Rectified Images (ORI) are being obtained from the SoI for the project.
  • The initiative covers all areas of Delhi, including 48 villages already integrated under the Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas (SVAMITVA) scheme.
  • A pilot project was successfully completed in Tilangpur Kotla village in West Delhi district, resulting in the generation of 274 ULPIN records.
  • The government has allocated ₹1.32 crore for the project to ensure transparency, curb fraudulent transactions, and facilitate coordination among departments.

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Odisha Government to Introduce QR Codes on Land Ownership Documents for Instant Verification (Mid of February)
  • The Ministry of Revenue and Disaster Management in Odisha will introduce Quick Response (QR) codes on land ownership documents, known as Record of Rights (RoR) or pattas.
  • The QR codes will allow users to instantly verify a property’s full profile, including its location, parcel map, and transaction history beyond the standard 30-year window of an Encumbrance Certificate (EC).
  • This initiative is part of the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), a 100% centrally funded scheme launched by the Union Government in 2016.
  • The digitally generated records will be tamper-proof, and any unauthorised modifications to the RoR will trigger automatic alerts to revenue inspectors and tehsildars.
  • The state will conduct a comprehensive land survey integrating spatial data from satellite imagery with maps from the Survey of India (SoI) and Forest Survey of India (FSI) onto a unified Geographic Information System (GIS) platform.
  • The GIS platform will represent each plot as a closed polygon identified by a unique plot number linked to the RoR database to synchronise map data with textual records.
Karnataka Auto-Mutation System reduces citizen-officer contact for land ownership updates (Start of February)
  • Karnataka revenue department is rolling out statewide automation of mutation to record change in land ownership.
  • Mutation will be done automatically if there are no objections, as per directive from Revenue Commissioner Meena Nagaraj.
  • Current notice period is 7 days for registrable instruments like sale deeds and gift deeds, and 15 days for non-registrable mutation.
  • Under new system, approval granted automatically on 8th night for registrable mutation and on 16th night for non-registrable mutation without revenue inspector’s thumb impression.
  • Auto-mutation system is being piloted in Mandya and Maddur taluks before statewide rollout.
  • Deputy commissioners directed tahsildars to flag all government lands and restricted immovable assets within a week before rollout.
  • Draft Karnataka Registration Amendment Rules require sub-registrars to refuse registration if power-of-attorney executor’s proof of life is not produced.
  • Acceptable proof of life includes certificate from magistrate, gazetted officer, post master, police sub-inspector, tahsildar, panchayat development officer, municipal commissioner, or digital life certificate via Aadhaar-based Face Authentication Technology System.
  • If power-of-attorney executor resides outside India, representative must produce life certificate from notary, court judge, magistrate, Indian consul, vice-consul, or central government representative.
UIDAI launches Udai mascot to simplify Aadhaar services (Start of January)
  • UIDAI launched the Aadhaar mascot 'Udai' as a resident-facing communication companion to simplify public understanding of Aadhaar services.
  • The mascot will support clearer communication on services such as Aadhaar updates, authentication, offline verification, selective data sharing, adoption of new technologies, and responsible usage.
  • UIDAI selected the mascot through an open national design and naming competition conducted on the MyGov platform, receiving 875 entries from across the country.
  • Arun Gokul from Thrissur, Kerala, won the first prize in the mascot design competition, and Riya Jain from Bhopal won the first prize in the naming competition.
New Aadhaar App launched for secure digital identity and QR-based verification (End of January)
  • Ashwini Vaishnaw, Union Minister for Railways, Information & Broadcasting and Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), launched the new Aadhaar App on 28 January 2026 at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
  • The application was developed by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) as a core component of India’s Digital Public Infrastructure vision.
  • The budget outlay for the new Aadhaar App was not specified in the article.
  • The app targets residents across India, allowing them to manage up to five Aadhaar profiles on a single device linked to the same mobile number.
  • Security features include biometric lock and unlock, facial authentication, encrypted Quick Response (QR) code-based verification, and selective attribute sharing.
  • The app enables digital storage of Aadhaar, address and mobile number updates, contact card QR codes, and logs of usage and authentication history.
  • The Pathik App, an Aadhaar-enabled guest verification system by the Gujarat Police in collaboration with UIDAI, was also highlighted for contactless Know Your Customer (KYC) and hotel check-ins.

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) clears Rs 11,000 crore highway projects in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana

[Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana]

Key Updates:

  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved highway projects worth over Rs 11,000 crore in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Telangana.
  • In Maharashtra, the Ghoti–Trimbak (Mokhada)–Jawhar–Manor–Palghar stretch of National Highway-160A will be rehabilitated and upgraded at a cost of Rs 3,320.38 crore.
  • The 154.635-km NH-160A project in Maharashtra will be executed under Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) mode by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH).
  • In Gujarat, the CCEA approved four-laning of the 107.67-km Dhamasiya-Bitada/Movi and Nasarpore-Malotha sections of National Highway-56 at a cost of Rs 4,583.64 crore.
  • The NH-56 four-laning project in Gujarat is designed for 100 km per hour speed and is expected to cut travel time by 40 per cent.
  • In Telangana, the CCEA cleared widening of the 80.01-km Gudebellur to Mahabubnagar stretch of National Highway-167 at a cost of Rs 3,175.08 crore.
  • The NH-167 widening project in Telangana will be executed under Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM) through the National Highways (Original) [NH(O)] scheme.

Similar Coverage

Urban Challenge Fund approved with Rs 1 lakh crore Central assistance (Mid of February)
  • Union Cabinet approved Rs 1 lakh crore Urban Challenge Fund to support urban infrastructure projects over five years.
  • Cities must raise at least 50% of project cost from market through municipal bonds, bank loans, and public-private partnerships.
  • Fund provides 25% Central assistance for projects where 50% cost is market-raised, covering projects worth Rs 4 lakh crore.
  • Operational period is 2025-26 to 2030-31, extendable up to 2033-34.
  • Projects identified via challenge-based framework covering urban mobility, water supply, sewerage, and legacy infrastructure retrofitting.
  • Credit repayment guarantee scheme of Rs 5,000 crore approved for north-east/hilly states and cities below 1 lakh population, offering Central guarantee up to Rs 7 crore or 70% of loan amount for first-time borrowers.
  • Administrative control of projects remains with state governments and urban local bodies.
Uttar Pradesh North-South Corridor Project to link 20 districts with 2,340 km road network (Mid of January)
  • The Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department has proposed a first-of-its-kind North-South corridor project to improve connectivity for 20 districts.
  • The chief minister’s office has approved six stretches connecting various cities along the North-South corridor.
  • The total length of this North-South corridor is 2,340 km.
PAIMANA Portal Launched for Monitoring Central Sector Infrastructure Projects (End of January)
  • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) operationalised PAIMANA (Project Assessment, Infrastructure Monitoring & Analytics for Nation-building) portal to monitor central sector infrastructure projects worth Rs 150 crore and above, replacing OCMS-2006.
  • As of December 2025, 1,392 ongoing projects with a revised cost of Rs 35.10 lakh crore are reported on PAIMANA portal.
  • Cumulative cost overrun for these projects is Rs 5.42 lakh crore, with revised cost at Rs 35,10,920 crore against original cost of Rs 29,68,248 crore.
  • Out of 1,392 projects, 585 are 'mega' projects (Rs 1,000 crore and above) with revised cost of Rs 31.44 lakh crore, and 807 are 'major' projects (Rs 150 crore to Rs 1,000 crore) amounting to Rs 3.66 lakh crore.
  • Transport & Logistics sector accounts for 896 projects with revised estimates of Rs 17.70 lakh crore.
  • 469 projects have achieved over 80 percent physical progress and 221 projects have crossed 80 percent financial completion.
  • PAIMANA is integrated with DPIIT's Integrated Project Monitoring Portal (IPMP/IIG-PMG), enabling automatic information sharing and reducing manual data entry with about 60 percent of projects updated automatically.
Swadesh Darshan Yojana (SDY): Rs 148 Crore Sanctioned for Bhoramdev Corridor Project (Start of January)
  • The Bhoramdev Corridor project has been approved under the Central Government's Swadesh Darshan Yojana.
  • An amount of Rs 148 crore has been sanctioned for the project to develop the 1,000-year-old Bhoramdev Temple corridor.
  • Development work will be carried out here for Rs 148 crore, which includes the launch of a tribal corridor and a convention centre.
  • Chhattisgarh has 219 projects worth Rs 7.83 lakh crore across 18 sectors now advancing rapidly since November 2024.
  • These initiatives are poised to generate over 1.5 lakh jobs across 26 of the state's 33 districts.
  • Of the total investment, nine marquee projects valued at Rs 6,063 crore are already operational, while 109 projects, representing Rs 2.10 lakh crore and 87,132 jobs, are in advanced stages of construction.

BEL AI Policy and CoE-AI launched to boost indigenous defence innovation

[Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)]

Key Updates:

  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Missile Integration facility at Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) in Bengaluru.
  • He flagged-off the Akash 3rd and 4th Regiment Combat systems and unveiled the Mountain Fire Control Radar.
  • Singh remotely inaugurated the Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence (CoE-AI) in Pune and formally launched BEL’s AI Policy.
  • BEL was commended for progress in electronic warfare systems, avionics, naval platforms, electro-optics, and tank electronics.
  • Indigenous air defence and anti-drone systems developed by BEL were utilised during Operation Sindoor.
  • The minister urged BEL, other Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and industry partners to advance AI and quantum computing for real-time decision-making, autonomous systems, cyber defence, and precision operations.

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Indian Railways Deploys AI-Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for Elephant Protection (Start of February)
  • The Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) have implemented technology-driven measures to prevent elephant-train collisions.
  • The AI-enabled Intrusion Detection System (IDS) uses Distributed Acoustic Sensors (DAS) and optical fibre to detect elephant locomotion signatures in real-time.
  • The IDS is currently operational across 141 route kilometres at critical locations within the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR).
  • Sanctioned IDS projects include NFR (403.42 km), East Coast Railway (ECOR) (368.70 km), Western Railway (WR) (115 km), and North Eastern Railway (NER) (99.18 km).
  • Additional sanctioned IDS works cover Southern Railway (SR) (55.85 km), South Eastern Railway (SER) (55 km), Northern Railway (NR) (52 km), and East Central Railway (ECR) (20.3 km).
  • Infrastructure measures include the construction of underpasses, ramps, fencing, and the installation of Honey Bee buzzer devices to act as a deterrent.
  • The Railways is trialling thermal vision cameras for night-time detection and has installed solar-powered LED lighting in forest areas to improve visibility.
  • Union Minister for Railways, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw, stated that an average of 16 elephant-train collision incidents have been reported annually over the past five years.
Indian Railways (IR) deploys Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to protect wildlife (End of December)
  • Indian Railways (IR) has rolled out an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to safeguard wildlife, including elephants, lions, and tigers, on railway tracks.
  • The technology utilizes a Distributed Acoustic System (DAS) to detect animal presence and alert loco pilots and control rooms 0.5 kms in advance.
  • The AI-enabled system generates real-time alerts for loco pilots, station masters, and control rooms to facilitate swift preventive action.
  • Initially implemented across 141 RKms on the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR), the system is being expanded by 981 RKms to achieve a total coverage of 1,122 RKms.
  • The initiative follows a collision in the Jamunamukh - Kampur section under the Lumding Division of NFR involving the Sairang - New Delhi Rajdhani Express.
  • Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has directed the Forest Department to conduct a detailed enquiry into the death of seven elephants resulting from the train collision.
East Coast Railway (ECoR) deploys humanoid robot ‘ASC Arjun’ at Visakhapatnam station (End of January)
  • East Coast Railway (ECoR) introduced the humanoid robot ‘ASC Arjun’ at Visakhapatnam Railway Station, marking a first-of-its-kind initiative in Indian Railways.
  • The robot supports security, passenger assistance, crowd management, cleanliness monitoring and safety awareness.
  • ASC Arjun uses Face Recognition System (FRS) for intrusion detection and sends IoT-enabled alerts to Railway Protection Force (RPF) personnel.
  • It delivers autonomous public announcements in English, Hindi and Telugu and performs semi-autonomous platform patrol with obstacle avoidance.
  • The robot provides fire and smoke detection with instant alerts and interacts with passengers using cultural gestures such as Namaste and salute to RPF officers.
  • Designed and developed indigenously in Visakhapatnam over more than one year, ASC Arjun integrates real-time IoT connectivity with RPF control rooms.
Indian Railways commissions Kavach 4.0 on Gujarat’s Bajwa (Vadodara)–Ahmedabad Section (Start of January)
  • Kavach 4.0 has been commissioned in Gujarat’s first Bajwa(Vadodara)–Ahmedabad section(96-km).
  • The project covers 17 stations and includes robust infrastructure such as 23 towers, 20 Kavach buildings/huts, 192 km of optical fibre cable, and installation of 2,872 RFID tags.
  • Kavach is an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system of Indian Railways, designed to provide the highest level of operational safety.
  • It is a highly technology-intensive system certified to Safety Integrity Level–4 (SIL-4), one of the highest safety standards in signalling systems.
  • Kavach assists Loco Pilots by automatically applying brakes in situations where prescribed speed limits are exceeded or when safety is compromised.
  • Key enhancements in Kavach 4.0 include improved location accuracy, better signal aspect information in large and complex station yards, station-to-station Kavach interface through optical fibre cable, and direct integration with existing electronic interlocking systems.

Department of Posts (DoP) Releases Puppets of India Commemorative Stamp Series

[Department of Posts (DoP)]

Key Updates:

  • The Department of Posts (DoP) issued a special set of eight commemorative postage stamps titled Puppets of India on 13 February 2026 at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi.
  • The stamps were formally released by Ms. Vandita Kaul, Secretary (Posts), to honour the master puppeteers and the diverse puppetry heritage of India.
  • The commemorative set features eight regional traditions: Kathputli (Rajasthan), Yakshagana Sutrada Gombeyatta (Karnataka), Daanger Putul (West Bengal), Kathi Kundhei (Odisha), Benir Putul (West Bengal), Pavakathakali (Kerala), Ravanachhaya (Odisha), and Tolu Bommalatta (Andhra Pradesh).
  • The denomination of each stamp in the set is 500 paise (₹5), with the complete set comprising eight stamps.
  • The stamp set and associated philatelic products were designed by Shri Sankha Samanta with artistic and textual inputs from Sangeet Natak Akademi (SNA) and Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).
  • The stamps are available at Philatelic Bureaus across the country and through the official online portal www.epostoffice.gov.in.

Similar Coverage

Dr Ramdas R Pai, Chancellor of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, honoured with special postal cover (End of November)
  • A special commemorative postal cover was launched to honour Dr Ramdas R Pai.
  • Dr Ramdas R Pai is the Chancellor of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE).
  • The postal cover celebrates Dr Ramdas R Pai's 90th birthday.
  • Ramesh Prabhu, superintendent of Indian Postal Service, Udupi division, formally unveiled the special postal cover.
  • The commemorative cover honours Dr Pai's lifelong dedication to advancing education, healthcare, and community development.
  • Dr Ramdas Pai's contributions elevated the city and Manipal Academy of Higher Education to national and global prominence.
Vice-President releases commemorative stamp honouring Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II in New Delhi (Mid of December)
  • Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II, also called Suvaran Maran, was a 7th-8th century feudatory of the Pallavas who ruled central Tamil Nadu from Tiruchirappalli.
  • The Mutharaiyar dynasty built cave and structural temples, expanded irrigation and patronised Shaivite scholars, leaving inscriptions across Thanjavur, Pudukkottai and Perambalur districts.
  • The stamp release fulfils a long-standing demand of Tamil Nadu’s Mutharaiyar community and is part of the Centre’s drive to honour pre-Islamic Indian rulers from SC/ST/OBC backgrounds.
IIT Kharagpur Platinum Jubilee Commemorative Postage Stamp Unveiled (End of November)
  • India Post issued a special postage stamp to mark IIT Kharagpur's platinum jubilee celebrations.
  • The stamp release was conducted simultaneously across 1,64,987 post offices nationwide.
  • IIT Kharagpur, established in 1951, is India's first Indian Institute of Technology.
Antarctic Day observed globally on Dec 1 (Start of December)
  • Antarctic Day is observed globally on Dec 1.
  • Antarctic Day recalls the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.
  • National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) is the country’s nodal institution for polar science.
  • National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) was established on April 5, 2000.
  • India’s permanent research stations include Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati in Antarctica; Himadri in the Arctic; and Himansh in the Himalayas.

Tamil Nadu signs ₹5,980 Crore MoUs for Electronics and Aerospace Investments

[Tamil Nadu]

Key Updates:

  • On 16 February 2026, the Government of Tamil Nadu signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) totalling ₹5,980 crore to strengthen advanced manufacturing in electronics and aerospace.
  • MinebeaMitsumi signed an MoU with Guidance Tamil Nadu (Guidance TN) to invest ₹1,980 crore in the Tiruvallur district for manufacturing precision mechanical and electronic components.
  • The MinebeaMitsumi project is expected to generate approximately 1,400 high-end jobs in sectors including automotive, industrial, and electronics.
  • Aequs Group signed an MoU worth ₹4,000 crore to establish India’s first fully vertically integrated aircraft engine manufacturing project.
  • The Aequs Group project will be situated on a 250-acre site at the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT) in Shoolagiri, Krishnagiri district.
  • The aerospace initiative is projected to create 7,000 high-quality jobs and will feature an Aerospace and Defence Park for manufacturing aircraft engine and gearbox components.
  • The investments aim to benefit local youth and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) while positioning Krishnagiri as a high-technology manufacturing centre.

Similar Coverage

Union Budget 2026–27 announces India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 and multiple sector-specific manufacturing schemes (Start of February)
  • India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 launched to strengthen chip manufacturing and ecosystem development.
  • Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme announced to deepen local value addition.
  • Biopharma SHAKTI scheme targets pharmaceutical and biotechnology capabilities.
  • Three dedicated chemical parks planned to expand domestic chemical production.
  • Scheme for rare earth permanent magnets covers research, mining, processing and manufacturing.
  • Container manufacturing scheme and initiatives for construction and infrastructure equipment announced.
  • Integrated programme for textiles and dedicated push for affordable sports goods manufacturing introduced.
  • Revival of 200 legacy industrial clusters and setting up of hi-tech tool rooms in CPSEs planned.
  • Five-year income tax exemptions for non-residents supplying capital goods to toll manufacturers in bonded zones.
  • Deferred duty payments for trusted manufacturers and expanded duty-free imports for export-oriented sectors such as seafood, footwear, textiles and electronics.
TN iTNT Hub inks LoI with XeedQ GmbH for state-backed quantum computing access (Mid of January)
  • Tamil Nadu Technology Hub (iTNT) signed a Letter of Intent with Germany-based XeedQ GmbH to launch one of India’s first state-backed quantum computing programmes.
  • XeedQ will provide remote access, quantum hardware, technical expertise, and learning support.
  • Students and startups will work on an actual 4-qubit quantum computer rather than simulators or cloud-access.
Indo-Taiwan Industrial Technology Innovation Park (ITIP): ₹1,000 crore Taiwanese investment for electronics & semiconductor hub in Karnataka (Start of December)
  • Karnataka government signed an MoU with Allegiance International Co Ltd of Taiwan to establish the Indo-Taiwan Industrial Technology Innovation Park (ITIP) with a proposed investment of around ₹1,000 crore.
  • The project is expected to create about 800 direct jobs as companies set up operations in ITIP over a period of 5 years.
  • ITIP will serve as a dedicated hub for Taiwanese companies in electronics and semiconductors, fostering advanced manufacturing, R&D, and innovation.
Union Budget 2026-27: Focus on Manufacturing, MSMEs, and Fiscal Consolidation (Start of February)
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Union Budget 2026-27, targeting an economic growth of approximately 7% with a focus on the goal of Viksit Bharat.
  • The government announced the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0 and the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme to strengthen domestic high-value manufacturing.
  • New sector-specific initiatives include Biopharma SHAKTI for biotechnology, three dedicated chemical parks, and a scheme for rare earth permanent magnets.
  • The budget proposed the revival of 200 legacy industrial clusters and the establishment of hi-tech tool rooms in Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).
  • For Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the government announced a ₹10,000 crore SME Growth Fund and a ₹2,000 crore top-up to the Self-Reliant India (SRI) Fund.
  • The Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) will be mandatory for all CPSE purchases from MSMEs and will be linked with the Government e-Marketplace (GeM).
  • The existing ₹10 lakh per consignment value cap on courier exports for small firms has been removed to encourage international trade.
  • The government will support states to set up five hubs for medical value tourism and establish three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda (AIIA).
  • A new National Institute of Design (NID) will be established in eastern India, and AVGC content creator labs will be set up in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges.
  • The Bharat-VISTAAR initiative will use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to integrate AgriStack portals with Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) practices.
  • Infrastructure projects include 20 new National Waterways and a Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) connecting Dankuni in the east to Surat in the west.
  • The government allocated ₹2 lakh crore to states under the Scheme for Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI).
  • The fiscal deficit for 2026-27 is estimated at 4.3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with a target to bring the debt-to-GDP ratio to 50% by 2030.
  • The budget provided ₹1.4 lakh crore as Finance Commission grants to states.

Eastern Naval Command (ENC) inaugurates MILAN Village ahead of International Fleet Review 2026 in Visakhapatnam

[Eastern Naval Command (ENC)]

Key Updates:

  • Vice Admiral Sanjay Bhalla, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command (ENC), inaugurated the MILAN Village at the ENC base in Visakhapatnam on Sunday.
  • The MILAN Village is set up at the ENC Sailors’ Institute and will serve as the social and cultural hub for Exercise MILAN 2026 and the International Fleet Review.
  • The village features stalls from various Indian States and participating foreign navies, displaying traditional handicrafts, artwork and cultural exhibits.
  • The International City Parade on RK Beach Road, Visakhapatnam, is scheduled for 19 February 2026 evening with over 70 countries participating.
  • Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu will attend the parade as chief guest.
  • The parade will begin at 4 p.m. with an aerial display by Indian Naval fighter aircraft and helicopters.
  • Marching contingents and military bands from the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard will participate, along with ceremonial units from foreign navies.
  • Cultural troupes and thematic tableaux highlighting India’s maritime legacy and the traditions of visiting nations will be part of the event.
  • The evening will conclude with synchronised fireworks, a laser light show and a drone display, with illuminated warships anchored off the Visakhapatnam coast.

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Dr Jitendra Singh inaugurates ₹32 crore CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO) Shore-Based Regional Centre at Visakhapatnam. (Start of February)
  • The CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO) Shore-Based Regional Centre was inaugurated by Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh at Visakhapatnam.
  • The facility cost ₹32 crore and is located on 3.25 acres of a 4-acre campus at Yendada Village, Rushikonda.
  • Construction began in November 2024 and was completed by December 2025, executed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).
  • The built-up area is 4,550 square metres in a G+1 configuration.
  • Andhra Pradesh’s coastline exceeds 1,000 km, forming part of India’s nearly 11,000–12,000 km coastline.
  • The Eastern Coastal Margin is noted for hydrocarbons, seabed minerals, oil and natural gas potential due to heavy sediment deposits from Himalayan rivers.
  • CSIR-NIO collaborates with Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Oil India and supports sectors including pharmaceuticals, ports, thermal power projects and fisheries.
  • The centre identifies potential fishing zones, promotes seaweed cultivation and predicts harmful algal blooms to aid livelihoods and public health.
  • The Visakhapatnam facility will serve as a hub for capacity building, skill training and nurturing startups for the marine sector.
India, Sri Lanka, and Maldives Conduct 17th Edition of DOSTI Exercise in Male on January 17, 2026 (Mid of January)
  • The 17th edition of the trilateral exercise 'DOSTI' is being held in Male, involving the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), Sri Lanka Coast Guard, and Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF).
  • The harbour phase of the exercise includes collaborative Marine Pollution (MARPOL) exercises, joint Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) drills, and pollution response demonstrations.
  • A four-member delegation from the ICG, led by Director General Paramesh Sivamani, is participating in the exercise to foster reciprocal learning and capacity augmentation.
  • The exercise features tabletop exercises and the implementation of cross-boarding Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to enhance interoperability.
  • Originally started as a bilateral exercise between India and the Maldives in 1991, DOSTI transitioned into a trilateral framework in 2012 with the addition of Sri Lanka.
  • The trilateral engagement reflects India's 'Security and Growth for All in the Region' (SAGAR) vision and its 'Neighbourhood First' policy.
Indian Navy First Training Squadron concludes three-day Indonesia visit (End of January)
  • Indian Navy First Training Squadron (1TS) departed Belawan, Indonesia on January 23 after a three-day port call.
  • Ships of 1TS included INS Tir, INS Shardul, INS Sujata and Indian Coast Guard Ship Sarathi.
  • Professional interactions, cultural exchanges, training visits and friendly sports meets were held with Indonesian Navy personnel.
  • Capt Tijo K Joseph, Senior Officer 1TS, met Laksamana Muda (RAdm) Deny Septiana, Commander of Naval Area Command I (Komando Kodaeral I).
  • An onboard reception co-hosted by 1TS and Consulate General of India, Medan, was attended by senior dignitaries of Kodaeral I with Kolonel Wirawan Aby P, Chief of Operations, as Chief Guest.
  • Indian naval trainees visited Komando Daerah Angkatan Laut I facilities to understand regional command roles.
  • Joint yoga sessions and friendly sports were organised fostering camaraderie between the two navies.
  • Ships were opened to local school children, generating excitement and curiosity through guided tours.
  • The visit advances India's Act East Policy and strengthens maritime cooperation with Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) member Indonesia under the MAHASAGAR vision.
India and Bangladesh participate in International Fleet Review in Colombo on November 30 (End of November)
  • India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant and multi-mission stealth frigate Udaygiri have arrived in Colombo for an international fleet review to mark the 75th anniversary of Sri Lanka Navy.
  • In a display of naval cooperation, three warships representing Bangladesh and India made port calls in Colombo on November 25 and 26, for the International Fleet Review (IFR) 2025, scheduled to be held on November 30.
  • This also marks INS Udaygiri 's first foreign visit since its commission on August 26, 2025.
  • India's first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant, arrived in Colombo for her maiden participation in Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) IFR 2025.
  • The state-of-the-art Project 17A multi-mission stealth frigates Udaygiri and Himgiri were commissioned at the Naval Base in Visakhapatnam on August 26 this year.
  • Udaygiri, built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd in Mumbai, and Himgiri, constructed by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers in Kolkata, showcase the nation's growing shipbuilding prowess.

Iran unveils Khorramshahr-4 ballistic missile with 2,000 km range

[Iran]

Key Updates:

  • Iran deployed the Khorramshahr-4 ballistic missile, also called Kheibar, inside underground missile cities.
  • The missile was publicly shown for the first time during the unveiling of a new missile city belonging to the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
  • Khorramshahr-4 has a range of approximately 2,000 kilometres and can carry a 1,500-kilogram warhead.
  • The missile uses an Arvand engine with self-igniting fuel, enabling launch from mobile platforms in under 15 minutes.
  • It reaches speeds of about Mach 16 outside the atmosphere and Mach 8 inside it, with total flight time of 10 to 12 minutes.
  • The missile features mid-flight guidance and a manoeuvring warhead with tactical engines to improve terminal accuracy and counter electronic warfare.

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Iran Reaffirms Support for Chabahar Port and Expansion of Bilateral Ties with India (Start of February)
  • Iran's Ambassador to India, Mohammad Fathali, stated that Chabahar Port is vital for providing access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.
  • The Government of India has transferred the entire committed amount of $120 million to Iran for the development of the port terminal.
  • India remains committed to a 10-year contract signed in 2024, which includes a $250 million line of credit for the further development of the port.
  • The United States (US) administration has extended the sanctions waiver for the Chabahar project until 26 April.
  • The Union Budget for the current year saw zero allocation for the port as the committed financial obligations were already met.
Iran Protests and Historical Milestones + January 2026 (Mid of January)
  • On January 16, 1979, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi boarded a plane and left Iran, marking the end of the monarchy.
  • Ruhollah Khomeini – the charismatic clerical leader returned from exile in February 1979 – became the symbol of the revolution.
  • After Khomeini’s death in 1989, Iran’s leadership passed to Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei, who had served as president from 1981–89.
  • The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) negotiated by President Hassan Rouhani’s administration had Iran curb its uranium enrichment in return for sanctions relief.
  • In September 2025, Britain, France, and Germany formally triggered the JCPOA’s ‘snap-back’ mechanism, restoring United Nations (UN) sanctions on Iran’s nuclear and missile activities.
  • The new round of protests began on December 28, 2025, and by early January 2026 had spread across Iran.
  • Ayatollah Khamenei cultivated the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a personal power base, shaping it into an instrument of control and regional influence.
  • Reuters cited December 2025 inflation at 42.5% (year-on-year), and the British Parliament briefing reports food price inflation above 70% in 2025.
Pakistan commissions second Turkiye-built MILGEM corvette PNS Khaibar in Istanbul (End of December)
  • Pakistan commissioned the MILGEM-class warship PNS Khaibar at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard.
  • PNS Khaibar is the second of four MILGEM corvettes being constructed by Turkish state-owned defence firm ASFAT under a 2018 contract.
  • The first vessel, PNS Babur, was delivered in 2023.
  • The MILGEM project is Turkiye’s warship programme designed to produce multipurpose corvettes and frigates for reconnaissance, surveillance, early warning, anti-submarine warfare, surface combat, and amphibious operations.
  • The commissioning ceremony was attended by Turkiye President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistan’s Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Naveed Ashraf.
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) debuts Long Range Anti-Ship Hypersonic Missile (LR-AShM) at 77th Republic Day Parade (End of January)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) displayed the Long Range Anti-Ship Hypersonic Missile (LR-AShM) for the first time at the 77th Republic Day Parade on Kartavya Path.
  • The LR-AShM is designed to meet the coastal battery requirements of the Indian Navy and can engage static and moving targets within a range of around 1,500 kilometers.
  • The missile follows a quasi-ballistic trajectory, starts at hypersonic speed of Mach 10, maintains an average speed of Mach 5, and uses a two-stage solid propulsion rocket motor system.
  • After Stage-II burnout, the vehicle performs an unpowered glide with manoeuvres in the atmosphere, making detection by enemy radars difficult due to low-altitude, high-speed flight.
  • Versions with ranges up to 3,500 kilometers are under development and the missile is expected to be inducted into the Indian Navy in two to three years.
  • The LR-AShM draws key components from the submarine-launched ballistic missile Sagarika (K-15) and the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile.
  • DRDO successfully tested the missile on 16 November 2024 from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha.
  • DRDO also achieved a ground test run of over 12 minutes with its Actively Cooled Scramjet Full Scale Combustor earlier this month, building on a subscale test of more than 1,000 seconds conducted on 25 April last year.
  • In September 2020, DRDO demonstrated hypersonic air-breathing scramjet technology with the Hypersonic Technology Demonstration Vehicle flight test from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Launch Complex.

India and France elevate ties to Special Global Strategic Partnership and launch H125 helicopter assembly line in Karnataka

[France, Karnataka]

Key Updates:

  • India and France upgraded their bilateral relationship to a Special Global Strategic Partnership during Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron’s meeting in Mumbai.
  • The two leaders jointly inaugurated the H125 Light Utility Helicopter Final Assembly Line of Tata Airbus in Vemagal, Karnataka.
  • The H125 is claimed to be the world’s only helicopter capable of flying to the height of Mount Everest and will be manufactured in India for domestic use and exports.
  • The first Made-in-India H125 helicopter is scheduled for delivery in early 2027.
  • A total of 21 outcomes were announced covering defence, tech and innovation, startups, critical minerals, advanced materials, health and skilling.
  • The facility will produce helicopters for civil and parapublic roles such as emergency medical services, law enforcement and passenger transport.
  • Modi and Macron virtually launched the Indo-French Centre for AI in Health, Indo-French Centre for Digital Science and Technology, and National Centre of Excellence for Skilling in Aeronautics.

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India and Seychelles Adopt SESEL Joint Vision and Announce USD 175 Million Economic Package (Mid of February)
  • India and Seychelles adopted a comprehensive Joint Vision for Sustainability, Economic Growth and Security through Enhanced Linkages (SESEL) on 9 February 2026.
  • The visit of Seychelles President Patrick Herminie coincides with the 50th anniversary of Seychelles' Independence and 50 years of diplomatic relations between the two nations.
  • India announced a USD 175 million Special Economic Package for Seychelles, consisting of a USD 125 million Rupee-denominated Line of Credit and USD 50 million in grant assistance.
  • Seven Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) were signed covering pharmacopoeial cooperation, meteorological collaboration, a Cultural Exchange Programme (2026-2030), digital transformation, maritime research, civil servant training, and food procurement.
  • India will provide a gratis refit for the patrol ship PS Zoraster and gift 10 ambulances, 10 utility vehicles, and five Laser Radial class boats to the Seychelles Defence Force.
  • The package includes the provision of 1,000 metric tonnes of grains and lentils and the establishment of a Seychelles Hydrographic Unit with Indian assistance.
  • Seychelles has decided to become a full member of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC).
  • President Patrick Herminie reaffirmed Seychelles' support for India's permanent membership in an expanded United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
  • The partnership is framed under India's MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) vision for the Indian Ocean Region.
  • India will support Seychelles in building Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and digitising governance systems, including digital payments and financial inclusion.
French President Emmanuel Macron to visit India for AI Impact Summit and bilateral talks (Mid of February)
  • French President Emmanuel Macron will pay an official visit to India from 17 February at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
  • During the three-day visit Macron will hold wide-ranging talks with PM Modi and attend the AI Impact Summit, the first global AI summit to be hosted in the Global South, in New Delhi.
  • The leaders will discuss strengthening bilateral cooperation across multiple areas and exchange views on regional and global issues including Indo-Pacific cooperation under the Horizon 2047 Roadmap.
  • PM Modi and President Macron will jointly inaugurate the India-France Year of Innovation 2026 in Mumbai, aimed at deepening collaboration in innovation, technology, research and people-to-people exchanges throughout the year in both countries.
  • The visit follows PM Modi’s visit to France in February 2025 and reflects the mutual trust and depth of the India-France Strategic Partnership.
India and Greece sign Joint Declaration of Intent to strengthen defence industrial cooperation (Start of February)
  • India and Greece signed a Joint Declaration of Intent to strengthen defence industrial cooperation.
  • The agreement was signed after bilateral talks between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Greek counterpart Nikolaos-Georgios Dendias at the Manekshaw Centre.
  • The declaration will pave the way for developing a five-year roadmap for India-Greece defence partnership.
  • Greece will position an International Liaison Officer at the Information Fusion Center-Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR), Gurugram, to enhance maritime cooperation.
  • A Bilateral Military Cooperation Plan for 2026 was exchanged to chart military engagements between the armed forces of both countries.
  • Both ministers reaffirmed that the India-Greece Strategic Partnership is based on shared values of peace, stability, freedom, and mutual respect.
  • The countries agreed to expand their indigenous defence industries through partnership between India’s ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ and Greece’s ‘Agenda 2030’ defence reforms.
India-France sign overarching R&D pact for future defence challenges (End of November)
  • Agreement signed by DRDO Chairman Dr Samir V Kamat and France’s National Armaments Director Lt Gen Gael Diaz de Tuesta at DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi
  • Enables joint R&D, sharing of know-how, joint training, and co-held intellectual property rights
  • Key cooperation areas: aeronautical platforms, unmanned vehicles, advanced materials, cybersecurity, AI, space, navigation, advanced propulsion, sensors, quantum tech, underwater tech

African Union leaders gather for 39th annual summit amid Trump-era policy shifts

Key Updates:

  • The 39th African Union leaders’ summit began with all 55 member states represented.
  • US President Donald Trump did not attend the summit but his second-term policies dominated discussions.
  • The White House National Security Strategy released in November devoted only three paragraphs to Africa at the end of its 29 pages.
  • Trump has dismantled the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and cancelled billions in aid programmes that had provided an estimated 26 percent of Africa’s foreign aid.
  • US direct foreign investment in Africa stood at USD 47.47 billion as of 2024.
  • The Center for Global Development estimated Trump’s aid cuts could cause 500,000 to 1,000,000 deaths annually, with evidence already seen in rising malnutrition mortality in northern Nigeria and Somalia, food insecurity in northeast Kenya and malaria deaths in northern Cameroon.
  • Service interruptions have hit the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) programmes across Africa after Trump’s funding freeze.
  • The Trump administration has pursued at least 16 preliminary bilateral public-health aid agreements with African countries including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Mozambique and Kenya under its 'America First global health strategy'.
  • In April, the US imposed custom tariffs on 20 African countries ranging from 11 percent to 50 percent, with another 29 facing a baseline 10 percent tariff; Lesotho initially faced 50 percent and Madagascar 47 percent, later reduced to 15 percent each.
  • Trump temporarily extended the African Growth and Opportunity Act only through the end of 2026, allowing eligible countries to export 1,800 products duty-free to the US.
  • The US has stopped processing immigration visas for 75 countries, including 26 African Union member states, prompting three African nations to impose reciprocal travel bans on US citizens.

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Africa Industrialization Day observed on November 20 (End of November)
  • Africa Industrialization Day is observed on November 20.
  • The day was declared by the United Nations General Assembly to promote industrial development in Africa.
  • The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) launched several projects to support industrial development in Africa.
  • The African Union (AU) developed a comprehensive industrialization strategy outlining a vision for Africa's industrial development by 2063.
  • Africa Industrialization Day aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG9), focusing on industry, innovation, and infrastructure development.
COP30 UN Climate Conference – Key Take-aways from Belém, Brazil (End of November)
  • COP30 took place in Belém, Brazil, from 10–21 November 2025.
  • Countries agreed on a sweeping package to scale up climate finance and accelerate implementation of the Paris Agreement.
  • The final text did not include a clear commitment to move away from fossil fuels.
  • Talks were suspended on Thursday after a fire broke out in the venue, triggering evacuations.
  • UN Secretary-General António Guterres and Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva both stressed that ‘the world is watching’ and urged compromise.
  • Guterres told youth participants that phasing out fossil fuels is a ‘decisive battle’ and called for youth power to achieve it.
  • Negotiators face tense divisions over fossil fuels and climate finance as the summit heads past its scheduled close.
  • Barcarena’s Maria Naura Gouvêa Municipal School, fitted with flood-resistant walls and solar power, is highlighted as a model of local climate adaptation.
  • Women’s groups at COP30 emphasized that ‘there is no climate justice without gender equality.’
  • Indigenous peoples marched in Belém with the message ‘The Answer is Us’ demanding greater recognition.
G20 summit in South Africa adopts early leaders' declaration despite U.S. boycott and dissent (End of November)
  • World leaders from the Group of 20 broke with tradition and adopted a declaration at the start of their summit in South Africa on Saturday.
  • Vincent Magwenya, spokesperson for South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, said the declaration was adopted unanimously by the other members.
  • Argentina stated it did not endorse the declaration; President Javier Milei did not attend in solidarity with U.S. President Trump.
  • The 122-point declaration urged more global action on climate-related disasters and sovereign debt levels affecting poor countries.
  • The U.S. boycotted the summit over claims that South Africa pursues racist anti-white policies and opposes the summit’s focus on climate change and inequality.
  • South Africa accused the U.S. of pressuring it not to adopt a leaders’ declaration in the absence of an American delegation.
  • South Africa will not hand over the rotating G20 presidency to a junior U.S. embassy official, calling such a handover an insult.
G20 Johannesburg Summit: India to push terrorism concerns (End of November)
  • Event: G20 Leaders’ Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • India’s participation: PM Modi to speak in all three sessions and attend IBSA Leaders’ Meeting hosted by South Africa
  • India’s stated objective: “Terrorism is a very important subject for India… Every issue of importance to us will be highlighted. We are discussing the Declaration for the Summit.” – MEA Secretary (Economic Relations) Sudhakar Dalela

India hosts International Conference on Dam Safety (ICDS 2026) in Bengaluru under DRIP Phase II & III

Key Updates:

  • International Conference on Dam Safety (ICDS 2026) held at J.N. Tata Auditorium, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru on 13-14 February 2026.
  • Organised by Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD&GR), Ministry of Jal Shakti and Water Resources Department, Government of Karnataka in collaboration with Central Water Commission (CWC), IISc Bengaluru and World Bank.
  • Inaugurated by Siddaramaiah, Chief Minister of Karnataka; presided over by D.K. Shivakumar, Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka.
  • Union Minister of State for Jal Shakti Raj Bhushan Choudary stressed timely implementation of Dam Safety Act, 2021 for India’s 6,500+ specified dams.
  • DAMCHAT AI-powered platform launched by International Center of Excellence for Dams (ICED), IIT Roorkee; Jal Shakti Data Management platform of National Water Informatics Centre (NWIC) unveiled.
  • Publications released: ACIWRM Karnataka publications and Central Water Commission’s Guidelines for Design Flood Estimation for Mini and Micro Catchment Areas.
  • 750+ delegates and representatives from 12 countries—India, Austria, Australia, Sri Lanka, Netherlands, Canada, Zambia, Zimbabwe, France, Japan, Philippines, United States of America—participated.
  • 25 exhibitors showcased technologies, monitoring systems, rehabilitation materials and digital innovations in dam safety.

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Asian Development Bank (ADB) approves USD 182 million loan for Assam flood management (Mid of February)
  • The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved USD 182 million in additional financing to strengthen Assam's resilience to chronic flooding and riverbank erosion along the Brahmaputra.
  • The funding supplements the ongoing USD 200 million Climate Resilient Brahmaputra Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Project approved in October 2023.
  • The project will extend integrated risk management measures into four additional high-priority reaches of the Brahmaputra river.
  • The initiative is expected to directly benefit approximately 600,000 rural residents, including poor households, women, and disadvantaged groups.
  • Under the expanded scope, ADB will support the construction of 63.5 kilometres of riverbank protection and the installation of pro-siltation measures to reclaim eroded land.
  • Nature-based solutions, including reed propagation and wetland restoration, will be implemented to reduce flooding and improve ecological resilience.
  • The financing will enhance knowledge-based river management through flood risk maps, asset condition surveys, erosion prediction models, and early warning systems.
  • The project includes community disaster preparedness programmes and the upgrading of disaster-resilient flood embankments.
Dam Safety Act, 2021: NDSA ensures public safety through compliance at Bargi Dam (Mid of January)
  • The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA), under the Union government’s Jal Shakti Ministry, has issued a stern show-cause notice to the Bhopal-based Narmada Valley Development Authority (NVDA) regarding the safety of the Bargi Dam in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • The notice alleges non-compliance with the statutory provisions of the Dam Safety Act, 2021, stating that the operation and maintenance of the Bargi Dam poses a potential threat to public safety and downstream populations.
  • The NDSA warned that legal action may be initiated under Sections 41 and 42 of the Dam Safety Act, 2021, which include penal provisions for responsible officials if mandatory provisions are not followed.
  • The Dam Safety Act, 2021 mandates regular inspections, risk assessments, emergency action plans, and modern monitoring systems for all designated dams in the country.
  • The NVDA has 30 days to respond to the show-cause notice regarding persistent leakage and inadequate monitoring systems at the dam.
Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal inaugurates commercial operation of Unit-2 of Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (End of December)
  • The Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project is India’s largest hydropower project with a total capacity of 2000 MW, comprising eight units of 250 MW each.
  • The project is designed as a Run-of-the-River scheme with small pondage, utilizing eight Head Race Tunnels (HRTs) to generate 7,422 million units (MU) of renewable electricity annually.
  • The infrastructure features a 116-metre-high concrete gravity dam, which is the largest dam in North-East India.
  • The project incorporates technical milestones including India’s heaviest hydro generator rotors, largest stators, and the first-ever use of Rotec’s Tower Belt for dam concreting in the country.
  • It provides flood moderation with a 442 million cubic metre flood cushion and a gross reservoir storage of 1,365 million cubic metres at Full Reservoir Level (FRL).
  • NHPC Limited (NHPC) has implemented riverbank protection and erosion control measures extending up to 60 km downstream with an investment of approximately ₹522 crore.
  • The project will provide free power allocations to Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, with the North-East region receiving a total of 1,000 MW.
Kamala Hydroelectric Project Approved with ₹26,070 Crore Outlay (Start of January)
  • The Public Investment Board (PIB) approved the ₹26,070-crore, 1,720 MW Kamala hydroelectric project in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • The project will be implemented on a build-own-operate-transfer basis through a joint venture company, with NHPC (NHPC) holding 74% equity and the government of Arunachal Pradesh holding 26%.
  • The project is expected to generate nearly 6,870 million units of green energy annually and provide flood relief in the Brahmaputra valley.
  • The central government will provide grants of ₹1,340 crore for enabling infrastructure and ₹4,744 crore for the flood moderation component.
  • The project involves the construction of a 216-metre-high concrete gravity dam and an underground powerhouse on the Kamala River with a scheduled completion period of 96 months.
  • The project is estimated to have a levelised tariff of ₹5.97 per unit and will generate approximately 300 direct jobs and 2,500 contract jobs during peak construction.

India inaugurates Waterjet Production and Testing Facility in Goa on 13 February 2026

[Goa]

Key Updates:

  • Director General of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), DG Paramesh Sivamani, inaugurated the Waterjet Production and Testing Facility of Marine Jet Power (MJP) India in Goa.
  • India has become the third country globally, after the United States and South Korea, to host such a specialised production and testing capability.
  • The facility was commissioned under a Manufacturing and Transfer of Technology (ToT) framework to establish a domestic supply chain for waterjet propulsion systems.
  • The ICG currently operates over 100 MJP waterjet propulsion systems across its fleet, with 42 additional systems planned for ships under construction.
  • The new facility will serve as a regional hub for South Asia and adjoining regions while enhancing indigenous repair and overhaul capabilities.
  • DG ICG reviewed the progress of six indigenously built Air Cushion Vehicles (ACVs) at Chowgule and Company Private Limited.
  • The ACV project is India’s first indigenous programme of its kind, featuring approximately 50 per cent indigenous content with the first delivery scheduled for May 2026.

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Indian Air Force marks 25th anniversary of Tejas LCA maiden flight (Start of January)
  • The Indian Air Force commemorated the 25th anniversary of home grown Tejas Light Combat Aircraft’s (LCA) historic first flight.
  • The historic first flight of Tejas occurred on January 4, 2001, with Wing Commander Rajiv Kothiyal piloting the Technology Demonstrator (TD-1) from Bengaluru’s HAL Airport.
  • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) recently secured a major order for 97 additional LCA Tejas Mk-1A fighters in a deal worth over Rs 62,370 crore, finalised in late 2025.
  • Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) successfully conducted test-launch of homegrown ASTRA, Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) from LCA AF MK1 prototype fighter aircraft on March 12, 2025.
  • Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL), a Bengaluru-based lab under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), successfully conducted high-altitude trials of the Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)-based Integrated Life Support System (ILSS) for the LCA Tejas aircraft.
ICGS Samudra Pratap commissioned as India’s first indigenous Pollution Control Vessel with women officers (Start of January)
  • ICGS Samudra Pratap, the first of two Pollution Control Vessels built by Goa Shipyard Limited, was commissioned by Rajnath Singh.
  • The ship is equipped with side-sweeping arms, floating booms, high-capacity skimmers, portable barges, and a pollution-control laboratory.
  • It integrates Dynamic Positioning, Integrated Bridge System, Integrated Platform Management System, and Automated Power Management System.
  • Powered by two 7,500 kW diesel engines driving indigenously developed Controllable Pitch Propellers, it offers 6,000 nautical mile endurance.
  • The vessel displaces approximately 4,200 tons and achieves speeds exceeding 22 knots.
  • It carries a 30 mm CRN-91 gun and two 12.7 mm Stabilised Remote-Controlled Guns supported by modern fire-control systems.
  • Based at Kochi, the ship will undertake pollution response, maritime surveillance, and environmental protection duties.
  • The complement includes the maiden appointment of two women Officers performing duties alongside male counterparts.
Airbus inaugurates Centre of Excellence for aerospace research at Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya in Vadodara (Start of February)
  • Airbus has inaugurated a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for aerospace studies at the Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) in Vadodara, Gujarat.
  • The CoE will focus on Research and Development (R&D) into Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and supporting student-led innovations in future aerospace technologies.
  • A key objective of the centre is to develop groundbreaking technologies that transform Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).
  • The partnership includes a full scholarship programme for 45 meritorious and underprivileged students, with one-third of these scholarships reserved for women.
  • Airbus has established a Chair Professor for Aerospace Studies at GSV to support undergraduate, postgraduate, and short-term executive programmes.
  • GSV was established as a Central University by an Act of Parliament in 2022 to cover the entire transportation sector, including Railways, Aviation, Highways, Ports, and Maritime.
  • The university is headed by Chancellor Ashwini Vaishnaw, who is the Union Minister for Railways, Information and Broadcasting, and Electronics and Information Technology.
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tests Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) technology (Start of February)
  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully demonstrated the Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) technology from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Odisha on February 3, 2026.
  • The SFDR was developed by the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad, in collaboration with the Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad, and the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune.
  • The SFDR is an advanced air-breathing propulsion system where a solid fuel gas generator produces fuel-rich gases that mix with incoming air and burn in a ramjet combustor.
  • Unlike conventional rockets, the SFDR does not carry an oxidiser, making the system lighter and more efficient while providing sustained thrust and thrust modulation during flight.
  • The flight test validated several subsystems including a nozzle-less booster, SFDR motor, and fuel flow controller after the system was initially propelled by a ground booster motor to the desired Mach number.
  • The technology is critical for the development of long-range air-to-air missiles capable of intercepting aerial threats at supersonic speeds over very long ranges.
  • The use of solid fuel instead of liquid fuel in the SFDR system makes it simpler, safer, and easier to store and transport.

PM Narendra Modi inaugurates India AI Impact Expo 2026 at Bharat Mandapam

Key Updates:

  • Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated the India AI Impact Expo 2026 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi as a key component of the India AI Impact Summit.
  • The Expo spans over 70,000 square metres across 10 arenas and is designed to scale Artificial Intelligence (AI) from demonstrations to industrial deployment.
  • The event features over 300 curated exhibition pavilions and live demonstrations structured across three thematic chakras: People, Planet, and Progress.
  • A total of 13 country pavilions are featured, including France, Germany, Australia, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom (UK), Africa, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, Serbia, Estonia, and Tajikistan.
  • More than 600 high-potential startups are participating to showcase working AI solutions already deployed in real-world settings.
  • The five-day summit includes over 500 sessions with more than 3,250 speakers, including OpenAI Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Sam Altman.
  • Global leaders attending the summit include French President Emmanuel Macron, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, and Brazilian President Lula da Silva.
  • The government estimates the event will attract over 2.5 lakh visitors, including international delegates and technology experts.

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Government unveils India’s first AI governance guidelines ahead of AI Impact Summit 2026 (Mid of February)
  • India released its first comprehensive AI governance guidelines on Sunday, opting for a principle-based framework over a new law.
  • The framework is anchored in seven principles: trust as foundation, people first, innovation over restraint, fairness and equity, accountability, understandable by design, and safety, resilience and sustainability.
  • Guidelines apply to AI development and use across healthcare, education, agriculture, finance and governance sectors.
  • Existing laws such as IT rules, data protection laws and criminal statutes will cover AI-related risks instead of a standalone AI law.
  • New proposed institutions include an AI governance group for inter-ministerial coordination, a technology and policy expert committee for expert inputs, and an AI safety institute for testing standards and risk assessment.
  • Developers and deployers must publish transparency reports, disclose AI-generated content, provide grievance redressal, and cooperate with regulators.
  • High-risk AI applications affecting safety, rights or livelihoods must follow stronger safeguards and human oversight.
  • The five-day AI Impact Summit 2026 begins on Monday, positioning India as a global voice for responsible and inclusive AI governance aligned with ‘Viksit Bharat 2047’.
India launches Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 (Mid of February)
  • Union Minister for Education Dharmendra Pradhan launched the two-day Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave-2026 in New Delhi.
  • The conclave focuses on four verticals: AI for school education, AI for higher education, AI for skilling and workforce readiness, and AI research and deep technology.
  • It aims to integrate AI in education at scale and develop the ‘Bharat EduAI Stack’ by bringing together academia, industry, policymakers, start-ups, innovators, scientific leadership and the skilling ecosystem.
  • Pradhan stated that India’s AI will be inclusive by design, interoperable by architecture and sovereign by capability.
  • Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow introduced a series of new Artificial Intelligence programmes during the event.
  • An MoU was exchanged between Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and Columbia University to establish a Centre of AI for manufacturing at IIT Bombay.
  • On 11 February, Pradhan chaired a roundtable with founders of 10 new-age Indian start-ups using AI in education at IIT Delhi to discuss alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
India Ranks 3rd in Stanford University Global AI Vibrancy Ranking 2025 (Mid of February)
  • India secured the 3rd position in the Global AI Vibrancy Ranking 2025 published by Stanford University.
  • The Artificial Intelligence (AI) market in India expanded from USD 2.97 billion in 2020 to USD 7.63 billion in 2024, with a projected growth to USD 131.31 billion by 2032 at a CAGR of 42.2%.
  • According to the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) AI Adoption Index, 87% of Indian enterprises were actively using AI solutions as of December 2025.
  • India recorded 100.29 crore internet connections in June 2025 and possesses the world’s second-largest 5G subscriber base with over 400 million users.
  • The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has recognised more than 2,00,000 startups across the country.
  • India leads the world in AI talent acquisition with an annual hiring rate of approximately 33% and was the second-largest contributor to GitHub AI projects globally in 2024, accounting for 19.9% of projects.
  • The relative penetration of AI skills in India is 2.5 times greater than the global average across the same set of occupations.
  • Major AI job hubs in India include Bangalore (11% share), Hyderabad (9.57%), Pune (6.95%), and Chennai (6.62%).
  • The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) oversees the National Program on Artificial Intelligence, which rests on four pillars: National Center on AI, Data Management Office, Skilling in AI, and Responsible AI.
  • The Skilling for AI Readiness (SOAR) initiative, delivered in partnership with Microsoft, HCL Technologies, and NASSCOM, enrolled 1.34 lakh students and teachers as of December 2025.
  • India improved its position by four slots to reach the 45th rank in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2025 report prepared by the Portulans Institute.
  • The BHASHINI initiative, leveraging AI for over 36 languages, has recorded more than 1.2 million mobile app downloads to break communication barriers in the digital economy.
India ranks 2nd globally in enterprise AI usage; security risks loom (Mid of February)
  • India ranks second only to the United States in enterprise AI/ML transactions according to Zscaler's ThreatLabz 2026 AI Security Report.
  • Indian enterprises logged 82.3 billion AI/ML transactions between June and December 2025, accounting for 46.2 per cent of all AI activity in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • The India AI Impact Summit 2026 will be held in New Delhi from 16–20 February and will host global tech leaders including NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei, and Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon.
  • AI activity in India was led by the Technology & Communication sector with 31.3 billion transactions, followed by Manufacturing (15.7 billion), Services (12.6 billion), and Finance & Insurance (12.2 billion).
  • Zscaler warns that enterprise AI systems tested under adversarial conditions show a median time to first critical failure of 16 minutes, with 90 per cent compromised in under 90 minutes.
  • Globally, over 18,000 terabytes of data were funnelled into AI applications in 2025, with ChatGPT alone linked to 410 million Data Loss Prevention policy violations.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates Missile Integration facility at Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) in Bengaluru

[Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL)]

Key Updates:

  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Missile Integration facility at Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) in Bengaluru.
  • He flagged-off the Akash 3rd and 4th Regiment Combat systems and unveiled the Mountain Fire Control Radar.
  • Singh remotely inaugurated the Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence (CoE-AI) in Pune and launched BEL's AI Policy.
  • He was briefed on indigenous defence technologies including AI-based solutions developed by Indian start-ups.
  • BEL showcased ongoing R&D aligned with programmes such as Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile Systems (QRSAM), Light Combat Aircraft Mark II (LCA Mk II), Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), Project Kusha (MR SAM/LR SAM), Counter Drone Systems, and Naval Weapon Control Systems.
  • Indigenously developed air defence and anti-drone systems were effectively utilised during Operation Sindoor.

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India Indian Air Force (IAF) completes indigenous overhaul of Pechora Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system (End of January)
  • The Indian Air Force (IAF) has modernised its Soviet-era Pechora Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system through an indigenous overhaul led by Bengaluru-based Alpha Design Technologies Ltd (ADTL).
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) awarded a contract worth approximately ₹591.3 crore to ADTL for the digitisation and refurbishment of the system.
  • The upgrade features full digitisation of radar and tracking infrastructure, replacing legacy valve and transistor-based electronics with advanced digital chips and modern radar transmitters.
  • Successful user trials of the enhanced Pechora system were conducted at the Pokhran range from November to December 2025 to validate reliability and accuracy.
  • The upgraded system is integrated into Mission Sudarshan Chakra, which is India’s initiative to develop a multi-layered air defence shield against drones and fighter aircraft.
  • The project forms part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy, aimed at achieving self-reliance in defence production by modernising ageing military platforms.
  • The overhaul includes a redesigned operator station with modern visual displays and health-monitoring tools to reduce crew workload and improve situational awareness.
India successfully test-fires nuclear-capable Agni-III ballistic missile from Odisha (Start of February)
  • India successfully carried out a test launch of the Agni-III intermediate-range ballistic missile on 06 Feb 2026.
  • The missile was fired from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha.
  • The launch met all mission objectives and validated operational and technical parameters.
  • The test was conducted under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command (SFC).
Medium-Calibre Ammunition Facility Inauguration by Rajnath Singh (End of January)
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will inaugurate a medium-calibre ammunition facility built by Solar Industries in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
  • The facility is part of the government’s push to modernise the Indian Army and boost indigenous defence production.
  • During the visit, Singh will also tour Economic Explosives Limited, another defence-related unit in Nagpur.
Bharat Forge Limited (BFL) Secures Rs 300 Crore Contracts for Unmanned Systems (End of January)
  • The aerospace division of Bharat Forge Limited (BFL) has secured contracts of around Rs 300 crore under the ongoing Emergency Procurement – VI framework of the government.
  • The contracts cover a range of indigenous unmanned systems, including Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) platforms and loitering munitions for the Indian Army and Indian Navy.
  • The contracted platforms, namely Omega One, Omega Nine, Bayonet, and Cleaver, are developed to meet urgent operational requirements across diverse terrains and mission profiles.
  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) awarded BFL a Rs 1,661 crore contract for the supply of over 2.55 lakh units of Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbines to the Indian Army.

UIDAI expands Aadhaar into offline private verification with new app amid privacy concerns

[Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)]

Key Updates:

  • Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) launched a new Aadhaar app and offline verification framework in late January.
  • The app allows selective data sharing, such as confirming age without revealing full date of birth, to services like hotels, housing societies, workplaces, and payment devices.
  • Ahmedabad City Crime Branch became the first police unit in India to integrate Aadhaar-based offline verification with its guest-monitoring platform PATHIK for hotels and guest accommodations.
  • UIDAI is integrating Aadhaar with Google Wallet and discussing similar integration with Apple Wallet, in addition to existing support on Samsung Wallet.
  • The new Aadhaar app overtook the older mAadhaar app in monthly downloads, with combined installs rising from nearly 2 million in October to nearly 9 million in December.
  • Aadhaar has issued over 1.4 billion identity numbers and handles about 2.5 billion authentication transactions monthly.
  • Civil liberties groups warn the expansion risks reintroducing private-sector Aadhaar use barred by a 2018 Supreme Court judgment and raises concerns over data protection and consent.

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Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) expands to Odisha and Delhi with Rs 5 lakh annual health cover (End of December)
  • Odisha and Delhi signed MoU with the health ministry for implementation of AB-PMJAY, leaving only West Bengal outside the scheme’s coverage.
  • Ayushman Vay Vandana cards provide free treatment benefits up to Rs 5 lakh per year to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of socio-economic status.
  • An Android-based ‘Ayushman app’ launched by National Health Authority enables self-verification and supports face-auth, OTP, IRIS, and fingerprint modes for Ayushman card creation.
New Aadhaar App launched for secure digital identity and QR-based verification (End of January)
  • Ashwini Vaishnaw, Union Minister for Railways, Information & Broadcasting and Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), launched the new Aadhaar App on 28 January 2026 at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
  • The application was developed by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) as a core component of India’s Digital Public Infrastructure vision.
  • The budget outlay for the new Aadhaar App was not specified in the article.
  • The app targets residents across India, allowing them to manage up to five Aadhaar profiles on a single device linked to the same mobile number.
  • Security features include biometric lock and unlock, facial authentication, encrypted Quick Response (QR) code-based verification, and selective attribute sharing.
  • The app enables digital storage of Aadhaar, address and mobile number updates, contact card QR codes, and logs of usage and authentication history.
  • The Pathik App, an Aadhaar-enabled guest verification system by the Gujarat Police in collaboration with UIDAI, was also highlighted for contactless Know Your Customer (KYC) and hotel check-ins.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) records 231 crore Aadhaar authentication transactions in November (Start of December)
  • UIDAI records 231 crore Aadhaar authentication transactions in November, marking an 8.47% rise over the same month last year.
  • Face authentication transactions rose to 28.29 crore in November 2025, up from 12.04 crore a year earlier.
  • November recorded 47.19 crore e-KYC transactions, a rise of more than 24% compared with November 2024.
  • Nearly 60% of all Digital Life Certificates issued to pensioners in November used Aadhaar's face authentication tool.
UIDAI Launches New Aadhaar Mobile Application with Digital Sharing and Verification Features (Mid of November)
  • The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has announced a new Aadhaar mobile application for iOS and Android devices.
  • The app is available on the Google Play Store and Apple App Store, offering users a digital option to carry their Aadhaar and use it for instant verification.
  • The authority has announced an early access that will allow residents to test the service and share feedback before its final rollout.
  • Users can share their Aadhaar digitally, removing the need for physical copies, with details shareable using a QR code or as verifiable credentials.
  • Shared Aadhaar data is masked, so users do not reveal the full 12-digit number.
  • Up to five Aadhaar profiles can be added on one device if they are linked to the same registered mobile number.
  • The app includes biometric locking and unlocking, ensuring biometric data remains secure until intentionally unlocked or disabled.

Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovers new Diplura hexapod species Lepidocampa sikkimensis in eastern Himalayas

[Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)]

Key Updates:

  • The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) identified the new Diplura species Lepidocampa sikkimensis near Ravangla in Sikkim.
  • Additional specimens of Lepidocampa sikkimensis were later found in Kurseong in Bengal.
  • The findings were published on 7 January 2026 in the international taxonomic journal Zootaxa.
  • The study provides the first DNA barcode data for an Indian Lepidodcampa species.
  • The research team rediscovered the rare sub-species Lepidocampa juradii bengalensis after nearly five decades.

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New orchid species Diplozentrum papillosum discovered in Kerala’s Idukki district (Start of February)
  • The orchid was found in Kanthalloor, Marayoor, in Idukki district, located in the southern ranges of the Western Ghats.
  • The species belongs to the Diplozentrum genus, which is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, and has been scientifically named Diplozentrum papillosum.
  • The orchid grows on rocks and tree branches, using strong roots to anchor itself and withstand high wind conditions in its natural habitat.
  • It is characterised by unbranched flower clusters, pink and white fragrant blooms, and uniquely shaped petals that distinguish it from other Diplozentrum species.
  • The discovery highlights the ecological richness and endemic plant diversity of the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot.
DNA analysis confirms Brandt’s hedgehog as first-time Indian species in Jammu & Kashmir (End of January)
  • DNA analysis and morphometric study proved that this a new species not only for J&K but the whole India
  • The animal was found to match with Brandt’s Hedgehog which presently has been reported from the countries of Afghanistan, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Yemen but has not been reported in India until now
  • The discovery shows that the species has expanded its distribution
  • The confirmation of the presence of Brandt’s Hedgehog (Paraechinus hypomelas) is a noteworthy addition to the biodiversity of UT of Jammu and Kashmir
  • The study suggests a potential range expansion for the species, which could be attributed to various ecological factors such as climate change, habitat connectivity, and food availability
  • The discovery of Brandt’s Hedgehog highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts to be initiated with clear objectives and conservation strategies
  • To ensure the habitat availability and the extent of sites with suitable habitat, a detailed habitat analysis is to be done
  • Further studies are recommended to monitor the population dynamics of hedgehog species in the area
Botanical Survey of India (BSI) discovers new flowering plant species Dicliptera pakhalica in Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana (Start of February)
  • Botanical Survey of India (BSI) scientists identified the new species Dicliptera pakhalica in Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahbubabad district, Telangana.
  • The species belongs to the Acanthaceae family and was formally described in the journal Brittonia on 29 January.
  • The plant was found along stream banks and rocky areas near waterfalls within the sanctuary.
  • Dicliptera pakhalica differs from related Eastern Ghats species by adpressed deflexed stem hairiness, unkeeled bracts, absence of glandular hairs on floral parts and fruit, obovoid capsule, and echinate seeds.
  • The genus Dicliptera contains over 220 species worldwide; 29 taxa are recorded in India.
  • Flowering occurs from November to January and fruiting from December to March.
  • The species is currently known only from its type locality and is classified as Data Deficient under IUCN guidelines.
Nagaland University Researchers Discover New Plant Species Hoya nagaensis in Phek District (End of January)
  • Researchers from Nagaland University (NU) have discovered a new plant species named Hoya nagaensis in the Phek district of Nagaland.
  • The species was identified in the Kavünhou Community Reserved Forest, a high-altitude community-protected area in the Eastern Himalaya.
  • The research team was led by Principal Investigator Gyati Yam from the Department of Forestry at NU, alongside researchers Vieneite-o Koza and Joynath Pegu.
  • The findings regarding the new species were published in the Kew Bulletin, a peer-reviewed international journal for plant and fungal taxonomy.
  • Hoya nagaensis has been provisionally assessed as critically endangered due to its restricted distribution and threats from shifting cultivation and forest disturbance.
  • The discovery highlights the effectiveness of traditional forest stewardship practiced by local Naga communities in conserving biodiversity.

5000-year-old Psychrobacter SC65A.3 from Scarisoara Ice Cave resists 10 modern antibiotics.

Key Updates:

  • The Institute of Biology Bucharest team extracted a 25-metre ice core from Scarisoara Ice Cave in Romania’s Apuseni mountains.
  • Psychrobacter SC65A.3, dormant for 5000 years, carries over 100 resistance-related genes and withstands 28 tested drugs including rifampicin, vancomycin, trimethoprim and metronidazole.
  • The genome of SC65A.3 encodes 11 antimicrobial compounds and nearly 600 genes of unknown function, offering potential for new antibiotics and cold-active industrial enzymes.
  • Researchers warn that melting ice could release these ancient resistance genes, which may spread to modern pathogens via horizontal gene transfer.

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Princeton University’s Bonnie Bassler explains bacterial quorum sensing as multilingual communication (Mid of February)
  • Bonnie Bassler, molecular biologist at Princeton University, delivered a lecture titled ‘A chemical language that enables communication between diverse organisms’ at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru.
  • Bacteria use quorum sensing to communicate and coordinate collective behaviour.
  • Vibrio cholerae, the cholera-causing bacterium, and Vibrio fischeri, a bioluminescent symbiont of Hawaiian squid, were cited as key examples.
  • Anti-quorum sensing therapies are proposed as alternatives to traditional antibiotics.
  • The lecture was organised by TNQ, an Indian non-profit supporting basic research in mathematics and life sciences, and coincided with the International Day for Women and Girls in Science.
  • Prof. Bassler is the 2022 Wolf Prize in Chemistry and 2023 Canada Gairdner Award winner.
Scientists Identify Earth Microbes for Biocementation-Based Mars Habitat Construction (Mid of January)
  • Scientists are exploring an unusual but promising idea to help humans live on Mars.
  • Biocementation uses bacteria to turn Martian soil into strong, concrete-like material.
  • Sporosarcina pasteurii produces calcium carbonate through ureolysis, which solidifies loose soil.
  • Chroococcidiopsis, a cyanobacterium, survives extreme environments and can produce oxygen.
Kerala becomes first Indian state to declare Bacillus subtilis as State Microbe (End of January)
  • Kerala declared Bacillus subtilis as its State Microbe, making it the first state in the country to officially designate a state microbe.
  • Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan announced the designation during the inauguration of the Centre of Excellence in Microbiome (CoEM) in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Bacillus subtilis is a probiotic bacterium found in the environment, human gut, and fermented foods.
  • CoEM, established by the Kerala government, aims to study microorganisms' role in health, environment, and sustainability.
  • CoEM functions under the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) in collaboration with the Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council (K-DISC).
  • CoEM is the first institution in India to integrate microbiome-based translational research across human health, nutrition, immunity, agriculture, fisheries, and environmental conservation.
  • CoEM signed MoUs with Kerala Startup Mission and Amrita School of Biotechnology for future collaborations.
Ancient Thorny Bamboo Fossil from Manipur Reveals Ice Age Survival Strategies (End of November)
  • A 37,000-year-old fossilized bamboo stem, unearthed in Manipur, reveals early thorn evolution as a defense mechanism against Ice Age herbivores.
  • The fossil, found along the Chirang River in Manipur’s Imphal Valley, is the earliest known thorny bamboo in Asia and is assigned to the genus *Chimonobambusa*.
  • Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) analysed the fossil, with findings published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
  • This discovery highlights northeast India's role as a vital biodiversity refuge during climatic shifts, maintaining warm and humid microclimates as part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
  • Bamboo, particularly thorny varieties, responds sensitively to temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions, making it a reliable indicator of past environmental parameters and ecologically important in stabilising soil, supporting wildlife, and maintaining forest structure.

India inaugurates first private sector helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) in Karnataka

[Karnataka]

Key Updates:

  • India’s first private sector helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) was inaugurated at Vemagal in the Kolar district of Karnataka.
  • The facility is a partnership between Tata Advanced Systems (TASL) and the European aerospace major Airbus to manufacture H125 helicopters.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron virtually inaugurated the facility, which was originally announced during the 2024 Republic Day celebrations.
  • The plant will produce the civilian H125 helicopter and the military H125M version, which is intended to succeed the Cheetah and Chetak helicopters used by the Indian armed forces.
  • The facility has an initial annual production capacity of 10 helicopters, with the first made-in-India delivery expected in early 2027.
  • Helicopters manufactured at the Vemagal site will be compliant with standards set by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).
  • Tata Advanced Systems (TASL) and Airbus also operate a separate FAL for the C295 military transport aircraft in Vadodara, Gujarat.
  • The project aims to serve the Indian market and the broader South Asia region, including Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.
  • The H125M variant is designed for high-altitude logistics, tactical reconnaissance, surveillance, and medical evacuation operations.
  • The collaboration builds on a 60-year industrial relationship between Airbus and the government undertaking Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL).

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Adani Group and Leonardo tie up to build helicopter manufacturing ecosystem in India. (Start of February)
  • Adani Group and Leonardo signed a Memorandum of Understanding in New Delhi to establish an integrated helicopter manufacturing ecosystem in India.
  • The partnership targets Indian Armed Forces' requirements for Leonardo's AW169M and AW109 TrekkerM helicopters.
  • The collaboration will deliver phased indigenization, maintenance, repair, and overhaul capabilities, and comprehensive pilot training.
  • Indian Armed Forces project demand for over 1,000 helicopters in the coming decade.
  • India has a helicopter penetration density of less than 250 helicopters for the country's population and will need around 100 helicopters annually for the next 10 years.
  • The announcement follows Adani Defence & Aerospace and Embraer's strategic collaboration to set up a regional aircraft manufacturing facility in India.
India inaugurates DHRUV-NG next-generation civil helicopter at HAL Bengaluru (End of December)
  • Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu inaugurated DHRUV-NG, the next-generation civil helicopter, at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bengaluru.
  • DHRUV-NG is a 5.5-tonne, light twin-engine, multi-role helicopter engineered to master the diverse and demanding requirements of the Indian terrain.
  • The helicopter is equipped with twin Shakti 1H1C engines and features a civil-certified Glass Cockpit compliant with AS4 requirements.
  • It has a maximum take-off weight of 5,500 kg, a maximum speed of 285 km/h, and can carry up to 14 passengers.
  • HAL offers a 'One-Stop Solution' for manufacturing, maintenance, and upgrades, with operational support through Power-By-Hour (PBH) and Performance-Based Logistics (PBL) models.
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to set up MRO hub at Missamari in Assam (End of January)
  • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) will establish a Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) hub at Missamari in Assam.
  • The foundation stone was unveiled by the GOC, Blazing Sword Division, and P.B. Rangarao, Chief Executive Officer of Helicopter Complex, HAL.
  • The MRO hub aims to reduce repair turnaround time and provide sustained support to Army Aviation and the Indian Air Force.
  • The initiative aligns with the Government of India's vision of #AtmanirbharBharat.
India and United States sign Rs 7,995 crore agreement for Indian Navy’s MH-60R helicopter fleet sustainment support (End of November)
  • India signed Letters of Offer and Acceptance (LOAs) with the United States for sustainment support of Indian Navy’s MH-60R helicopters for five years at an approximate value of Rs 7,995 crore.
  • The LOAs were inked under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programme of the United States in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh in New Delhi.
  • Sustainment support includes provisioning of spares, support equipment, product support, training, technical support, repair & replenishment of components and setting up of ‘Intermediate’ level component repairs & Periodic Maintenance Inspection facilities in India.
  • Indigenous development of these facilities aligns with the government’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision, ensuring long-term capability build-up and reduced dependence on the US Government.
  • The support will enhance operational availability and maintainability of all-weather capable MH-60R helicopters, which also have Anti-Submarine Warfare capability.

National Green Tribunal (NGT) clears Rs 81,000-crore Great Nicobar Mega Infrastructure Project

[National Green Tribunal (NGT)]

Key Updates:

  • The National Green Tribunal (NGT) special bench, led by Chairperson Justice Prakash Shrivastava, upheld the environmental clearance for the Rs 81,000-crore Great Nicobar mega infrastructure project.
  • The project covers 166 sq km and involves the construction of a transshipment port, an integrated township, a civil and military airport, and a 450-MVA gas and solar power-based plant.
  • The development requires the diversion of 130 sq km of forest land and the felling of nearly one million trees on Great Nicobar Island.
  • A High-Powered Committee (HPC) headed by former environment secretary Leena Nandan was constituted to review the project environmental clearance (EC) and compliance.
  • The NGT confirmed that the project adheres to the Island Coastal Regulation Zone (ICRZ) notification, 2019, and does not fall within prohibited coastal areas.
  • The tribunal mandated specific conservation measures for endemic species, including the leatherback sea turtle, Nicobar megapode, saltwater crocodiles, robber crab, and Nicobar macaque.
  • The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) reported that no coral reefs exist within the immediate project area and recommended the translocation of scattered coral reefs.
  • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is directed to prevent shoreline erosion and protect sandy beaches used as nesting sites for turtles and birds.

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India Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurates security infrastructure projects in Andaman and Nicobar Islands on 03 Jan 2026 (Start of January)
  • Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated an Integrated Command & Control Centre to enhance security infrastructure in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
  • The Home Minister chaired the Parliamentary Consultative Committee meeting of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), focusing on the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) and National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU).
  • The visit included the inauguration of nine major projects and laying the foundation for two more, totaling Rs 373 crore.
  • An exhibition on the Naveen Nyaya Sanhita was inaugurated as part of the developmental initiatives on the islands.
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approves India’s first underwater road-cum-rail tunnel under Brahmaputra river (Mid of February)
  • The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved India’s first underwater road-cum-rail tunnel to be built under the Brahmaputra river in Assam.
  • The 33.7-km long project includes a 15.8-km twin tube tunnel under the river and will be developed at a cost of ₹18,662 crore in Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) mode.
  • The tunnel will connect Gohpur on NH-15 and Numaligarh on NH-715, reducing the distance between the two Assam cities from 240 km to 34 km and travel time from six hours to 20 minutes.
  • The project alignment integrates with Rangia-Mukongselek Railway Section under Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) on Gohpur side and Furkating-Mariani loop line section under Tinsukia Division of NFR on Numaligarh side.
  • The Cabinet also approved three Railways multi-tracking projects at a cost of ₹18,509 crore and three highway projects at a cost of ₹11,079 crore.
GAIL (India) Ltd (GAIL) completes 694-km Mumbai-Nagpur Natural Gas Pipeline (MNPL) in Maharashtra (Mid of January)
  • GAIL (India) Ltd (GAIL) has completed the 694-kilometre Mumbai-Nagpur Natural Gas Pipeline (MNPL) built along the Samruddhi Mahamarg expressway.
  • The pipeline has a capacity of approximately 16.5 million standard cubic metres per day and features bi-directional flow capability.
  • The project marks India's first major integration of a high-capacity pipeline into a dense transport corridor under the PM-GatiShakti framework.
  • Around 675 km of the 24-inch high-capacity gas line was installed within a utility strip just three metres wide.
  • The MNPL will enable city gas distribution networks in 16 districts, supporting piped natural gas for an estimated 95 lakh households and over 1,700 CNG stations.
  • The project reached completion after delivering 18.7 million safe man-hours and navigating clearances across 10 districts covering 56 km.
  • The pipeline is designed to support industrial growth in sectors such as power generation, fertilisers, chemicals, and manufacturing.
NGT Zonal Bench Chennai convenes Regional Conference on Environment 2025 (Start of December)
  • The Zonal Bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT), Chennai, is organizing the Regional Conference on Environment, 2025 on the 6th and 7th of December 2025.
  • The conference will include three Technical Sessions; The First session will address "Environmental Law Enforcement & Biodiversity Conservation Role of Regulatory Authorities".
  • The second session will discuss "Solid Waste and Biomedical Waste Management Policy Overview".
  • The Third session will focus on "Challenges in Protecting Coastal Zones".

Piton de la Fournaise volcano erupts again on Réunion, alert level 2-1 activated

[Réunion]

Key Updates:

  • Piton de la Fournaise volcano on Réunion island began a second eruption on 13 February 2026 at around 1:00 PM local time.
  • The eruption is confined to the Enclos Fouqué caldera with lava flows descending the Grandes Pentes.
  • Authorities activated the ORSEC Alert 2–1 protocol and closed all access to the Enclos Fouqué, including the Pas de Bellecombe-Jacob trail.
  • By 9:30 PM on 13 February, the lava front was nearing National Road 2 (RN2) in the Route des Laves area; the road remains open but drivers are advised not to stop.
  • Monitoring equipment recorded 551 volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the summit on 13 February 2026.
  • GNSS stations detected inflation at both summit and distant locations, indicating magma pressure build-up beneath the surface.
  • No significant ash emissions have been reported and no populated areas are currently at risk.
  • The previous eruption occurred from 18 January 2026 at 7:42 PM local time, triggered by a seismic crisis that began at 4:34 PM beneath the summit.
  • During the January eruption, four fissures opened between 7:45 PM and 8:54 PM along the northern flank of the terminal cone within the Enclos Fouqué.
  • Lava discharge rates during the first 24 hours of the January eruption ranged between 2 and 27 cubic metres per second based on satellite thermal data.
  • Between 21 and 28 January, monitoring networks recorded an average of about 20 shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day at depths of 1.5–2.2 kilometres beneath the summit.
  • On 6 February 2026, a swarm of 343 very small (magnitude <1.0) volcano-tectonic earthquakes occurred between 3:00 AM and 4:00 AM beneath the summit, accompanied by slight ground deformation.

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UNAM scientists detect hydrothermal unrest in El Chichón volcano crater lake, Mexico (Start of February)
  • El Chichón volcano is located in northern Chiapas state, Mexico.
  • The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) researchers reported physical and chemical changes in the 1-km-diameter, 200-m-deep crater lake formed after the 1982 eruption.
  • The 1982 eruption caused over $117 million in damage and displaced local populations.
  • Lake water, historically sulphur-rich and near 100 °C, now shows heightened sulphate and silica content and changed colour due to reduced algal influence.
  • Hollow sulphur spheres floating on the lake indicate a bottom layer of liquid sulphur where temperatures reach 118 °C.
  • Between June and August 2025 seismic activity increased, prompting investigations by several institutions.
  • Current activity is hydrothermal with possible minor phreatic explosions; no evidence of ascending fresh magma, so a repeat of the 1982 eruption is considered unlikely.
Sun unleashes strongest 2026 flare—X8.3 blast from sunspot 4366 triggers R3 radio blackout (Start of February)
  • An X8.3-class solar flare erupted from sunspot region 4366, the most powerful flare recorded in 2026.
  • The flare peaked at 6:57 pm EST on 1 February 2026.
  • At least 18 M-class and three X-class flares occurred in the past 24-hour period.
  • X-class flares are the most intense explosions the Sun can produce; each letter step (A, B, C, M, X) represents a tenfold energy increase.
  • The blast released strong ultraviolet and X-ray radiation that disturbed Earth’s upper atmosphere and caused R3-level radio blackouts across parts of the South Pacific.
  • Shortwave radio signals were disrupted in eastern Australia and New Zealand, according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center.
  • Early assessments suggest most ejected solar material from the X8.3 flare is likely to miss Earth, with only a slight chance of geomagnetic impact around 5 February 2026 that could enhance high-latitude auroras.
  • Sunspot 4366 continues to grow rapidly and is rotating more directly toward Earth, with further solar activity expected.
Volcán de Fuego eruption sends ash up to 15,000 feet on February 1, 2026 (Start of February)
  • Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala erupted on February 1, 2026, producing ash plumes reaching 14,000 to 16,000 feet.
  • Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) confirmed the heightened eruptive activity.
  • Ashfall was reported in communities including Panimache, Morelia, and Santa Sofia.
  • Volcanic Ash Advisories were issued by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Washington.
Chile Declares State of Catastrophe in Ñuble and Biobío Regions (Mid of January)
  • Chilean President Gabriel Boric declared a state of catastrophe in the regions of Ñuble and Biobío.
  • The wildfires have killed at least 16 people and forced the evacuation of nearly 20,000 residents.
  • The fires have destroyed 250 homes and burned nearly 8,500 hectares (around 21,000 acres).

Annual survey records 17 active White-bellied Sea Eagle nests in Kannur and Kasaragod districts

[Kannur, Kasaragod]

Key Updates:

  • The 2026 annual nest monitoring survey recorded 17 active White-bellied Sea Eagle nesting sites in Kannur and Kasaragod districts.
  • The survey was conducted jointly by the Malabar Awareness and Rescue Centre for Wildlife (MARC) and the Social Forestry Divisions of Kannur and Kasaragod.
  • Of the 17 nests, 10 are located in Kasaragod district and 7 in Kannur district.
  • In Kasaragod, all nests were categorised as old, while in Kannur, 4 nests were newly recorded and 3 were old.
  • Around 70% of the nests in Kasaragod were found within temple compounds.
  • For the first time, a nest was found on a telephone tower at Kattampally.
  • The eagles preferred large, mature trees for nesting, including Ficus religiosa (4 nests), Mangifera indica (6), Alstonia scholaris (2), and Casuarina species (3).
  • The White-bellied Sea Eagle breeds between January and March and reuses the same nest each year after renovation.
  • In Kerala, the species is known to nest only in Kannur and Kasaragod districts.

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Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) Classified as Critically Endangered (Mid of February)
  • The Philippine eagle, scientifically known as Pithecophaga jefferyi, is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
  • It is one of the largest raptors globally, with adults standing approximately one metre tall and possessing a wingspan of nearly two metres (6.5 feet).
  • Fewer than 500 mature individuals are estimated to remain in the wild, primarily due to habitat loss, hunting, and forest degradation.
  • The bird is an apex predator that feeds on monkeys, flying squirrels, civets, bats, snakes, birds, and reptiles.
  • Its habitat is largely restricted to primary dipterocarp forests in the Philippines, with territories covering more than 100 square kilometres.
  • The species has a slow breeding cycle, typically laying one egg every two years and reaching sexual maturity at age seven.
  • Conservation efforts, including captive breeding programmes and protection laws, have been in place since the 1970s.
Wild Himalayan griffon vulture sighted in Maharashtra Melghat Tiger Reserve (Mid of February)
  • A wild Himalayan griffon vulture was sighted in the Melghat Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra, marking a significant milestone in vulture conservation.
  • The vulture population in the region had experienced a sharp decline by 2004 due to the use of harmful Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
  • The sighting follows collaborative conservation and rewilding initiatives between the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) and the Maharashtra Forest Department.
  • Captive-bred long-billed vultures were released into the wild earlier this year as part of the ongoing restoration programme.
  • Technological tracking is being employed to monitor the survival and adaptation of the vultures in their natural habitat.
Eurasian Otter Sightings Confirmed in Jammu and Kashmir After 50 Years (Start of February)
  • The Forest Department of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) recorded the first direct photographic evidence of the Eurasian Otter in Sindh Nalla, Ganderbal, in nearly 50 years.
  • Range Officer Faizan Anwar Mir captured an image of a sub-adult otter in Gutlibagh, suggesting the existence of a breeding group in the area.
  • The Kishenganga river acts as a natural corridor for the species to move across the Line of Control (LoC) between Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and North Kashmir.
  • Evidence indicates that the otters swim freely between PoK and villages in North Kashmir, crossing the frontier at Keran and Teetwal.
  • Earlier camera-trap records had confirmed the presence of the species in the Kishenganga and Rambiara Nalla regions before the recent direct sighting.
  • The high-altitude, cold-water streams along the LoC provide a vital sanctuary for the species due to minimal civilian industrialisation.
  • Environmental experts noted that pollution and encroachment in Wular Lake and Jhelum waters remain major obstacles to the species' full ecological recovery.
Eastern Imperial Eagle spotted wintering in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (Start of January)
  • Wildlife enthusiasts confirmed the presence of an Eastern Imperial Eagle visiting the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the winter migratory season.
  • The bird breeds primarily throughout Western and Central Asia and migrates during winter to parts of Africa, the Middle East as well as South and East Asia.
  • Arockianathan Samson from the Bombay Natural History Society documented 58 species of raptors in MTR between 2011 and 2022.
  • The tiger reserve provides an ideal habitat, food availability and a conducive climate for raptors to flourish.
  • Continuous sightings of the Imperial Eagle have been documented through the global bird-watching platform eBird from 2020 to 2025.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Delhi performs India’s first telerobotic ultrasound in Antarctica

[Antarctica]

Key Updates:

  • Doctors at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Delhi successfully performed a telerobotic ultrasound on a patient at an Indian research station in Antarctica.
  • The project is a collaborative initiative involving AIIMS, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, I-Hub Foundation for Cobotics (IHFC), and the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR).
  • The feasibility trials, which commenced in December 2025, were conducted at India’s operational research stations in Antarctica, Bharati and Maitri.
  • The telerobotic system employs a haptic mechatronic device in Delhi and a robotic arm in Antarctica, linked through satellite-based Starlink internet.
  • The technology manages a signal transmission delay of approximately 100 milliseconds and uses control algorithms to stabilise the robotic arm's movements.
  • This achievement represents the first instance globally where a tele-operated ultrasound diagnostic examination has been performed with the patient physically located in Antarctica.
  • The current system utilised an industrial robot, but the collaborating institutions plan to develop a custom medical-grade robot for future phases.

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VoxelGrids Builds India’s First Indigenous MRI Scanner (End of December)
  • VoxelGrids, a Zoho-backed start-up, has developed the country’s first indigenous MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner.
  • The machine, with a Magnetic Field Strength of 1.5 tesla, is not just a locally made version of MRIs from global giants like Siemens or GE HealthCare but comes with its own technological advancements.
  • VoxelGrids’ MRI scanners, due to the absence of liquid helium, are around 40 per cent cheaper to build.
  • The electronics around the magnet are extremely well-packaged while maintaining the same bore-size making it far more power efficient and reducing operating costs exponentially.
  • The scanner has been deployed at Chandrapur Cancer Care Foundation (CCCF) near Nagpur.
  • The company already has the capacity to make 20-25 such scanners per year at its Bengaluru manufacturing facility.
India approves ₹29.2 crore for Maitri-II Station to replace Maitri in Antarctica (Mid of December)
  • The Ministry of Earth Sciences has approved ₹29.2 crore for pre-investment activities, including architectural design and preparation of the Detailed Project Report DPR.
  • The new Maitri-II Station is conceived as a state-of-the-art, year-round research hub that will significantly elevate India’s scientific capability in biology, earth sciences, glaciology, atmospheric sciences, climate studies and long-term environmental monitoring.
  • The upgraded station will feature modern laboratories, advanced ice-core storage and processing systems, a dedicated biological and microbial research suite and expanded atmospheric observation facilities.
  • The projected timeline for Maitri-II to become operational is estimated as seven years with expected completion by 2032.
Antarctic Day observed globally on Dec 1 (Start of December)
  • Antarctic Day is observed globally on Dec 1.
  • Antarctic Day recalls the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.
  • National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) is the country’s nodal institution for polar science.
  • National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) was established on April 5, 2000.
  • India’s permanent research stations include Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati in Antarctica; Himadri in the Arctic; and Himansh in the Himalayas.
China and Brazil begin building joint space laboratory (Mid of December)
  • China and Brazil have begun building a joint laboratory for space technologies, Chinese state-owned defence electronics firm CETC said.
  • CETC’s Network Communications Research Institute signed an agreement with Brazil’s Federal University of Campina Grande and the Federal University of Paraíba to establish the China–Brazil Joint Laboratory for Radio Astronomy Technology.
  • The joint laboratory will support frontier research for astronomical observation and deep-space exploration.
  • The laboratory initiative comes as China and Brazil make progress on the BINGO radio telescope, designed to help study the universe’s structure and dark energy.
  • The BINGO radio telescope, billed as South America’s largest radio telescope, is scheduled for completion in 2026.

Paras Dogra becomes second batter to scale 10,000 Ranji Trophy runs

Key Updates:

  • Jammu and Kashmir captain Paras Dogra reached 10,000 Ranji Trophy runs during the semifinal against Bengal at Bengal Cricket Academy ground.
  • Dogra scored 58 in the first innings and shared a 143-run stand with Abdul Samad.
  • Mumbai’s Wasim Jaffer is the only other batter to have previously achieved the 10,000-run mark in the Ranji Trophy.
  • The 41-year-old had already accumulated 10,000 runs in overall First Class cricket before this Ranji milestone.

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Ayesha Karim won Veergatha 5.0 Super 100 title. (Mid of February)
  • Ayesha Karim, Class IV student of Sarala Birla Gyan Jyoti, Amingaon, Guwahati, secured place in Veergatha 5.0 Super 100 winners.
  • She created a sketch depicting Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan, Ashok Chakra, during 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.
  • She is the only student from Assam in five years to win this competition.
  • Ministry of Defence (MoD) gave her cash award, medal, certificate and invitation to 77th Republic Day Parade at Kartavya Path on 26 January.
  • Veergatha Project is annual flagship initiative of Government of India to inspire school students to honour bravery of armed forces through essays, poems, paintings and creative forms.
2nd Khelo India Beach Games set to begin at Ghoghla Beach in Diu (Mid of January)
  • More than 2,100 athletes will participate in eight different sports of the Beach Games.
  • The games will be held between the 5th and 10th of January under the technical supervision of the Sports Authority of India and national sports federations.
  • The six medal sports will be – Beach Soccer, Beach Volleyball, Beach Sepak Takraw, Beach Kabaddi, Pencak Silat and Open water swimming.
  • Mallakhamb and Tug of War will be non-medal events.
Rajasthan United FC drub Sikkim Himalayan FC (End of November)
  • Rajasthan United FC began their campaign at the 41st Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup with a confident and disciplined 3–0 win against Sikkim Himalayan FC.
  • The match was played at the historic Paljor Stadium.
  • Goalkeeper Babhindra Malla was awarded the Man of the Match for his exceptional performance and match-winning saves.
Lt Col Roopa A and Lt Col Dilna K won CNN-News18's Youth Icon Award (End of November)
  • Lt Col Roopa A and Lt Col Dilna K received the CNN-News18 Youth Icon Award.
  • They were honored for completing a historic circumnavigation as the first Indian duo to sail around the globe in double-handed mode aboard INSV Tarini under the Navika Sagar Parikarma II mission.
  • They completed a nearly 250-day voyage aboard INSV Tarini, covering 25,400 nautical miles (50,000 km), crossing four continents, three oceans, and three Great Capes.
  • They are the first Indian duo to circumnavigate the globe in double-handed mode.
  • The 15th edition of the CNN-News18 Indian of the Year was held on Friday, November 28.
  • Lt Col Dilna K hails from Kozhikode, Kerala, and was commissioned into the Indian Navy’s Logistics branch in June 2014, having excelled in national-level rifle shooting through the National Cadet Corps (NCC).
  • Lt Col Roopa A is from Pondicherry and joined the Indian Navy in June 2017, having previously pursued aeronautical engineering at Anna University and worked at the National Aerospace Laboratories in Bengaluru.

Smriti Mandhana wins BBC Indian Sportswoman of Year 2025

Key Updates:

  • Smriti Mandhana was named BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year 2025 for her key role in India’s 2025 Women’s World Cup victory.
  • Chess player Divya Deshmukh (20) received the Emerging Player award after her FIDE Women’s World Cup win.
  • Preethi Pal won Para-Sportswoman award for two bronze medals at 2024 Paris Paralympics in track and field.
  • Anjali Bhagwat received Lifetime Achievement Award as India’s first woman shooter to reach an Olympic final.
  • Award winners were chosen by jury of Leander Paes, Deepa Malik and Anju Bobby George.
  • BBC Star Performers 2025: Indian Women’s Cricket Team, Ekta Bhyan, Deepthi Jeevanji, Preethi Pal, Indian Women’s Cricket Team for the Blind, Indian Women’s Kabaddi Team.
  • BBC Changemakers 2025: Indian Women’s Ice Hockey Team, Rajbir Kaur, Savita Punia, Paani Devi.

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Miss Universe 2025 Winner: Mexico’s Fátima Bosch wins the 74th Miss Universe title (End of November)
  • Mexico’s Fátima Bosch defeated over 100 contestants to win the 74th Miss Universe title.
  • Thailand’s Praveenar Singh was crowned first Runner Up.
  • Victoria Kjær Theilvig of Denmark, the 73rd Miss Universe, crowned the winner.
  • Fátima Bosch Fernández is from Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
  • She studied Fashion and Apparel Design at Universidad Iberoamericana and NABA in Milan.
  • She creates sustainable fashion from discarded materials.
  • Miss Universe director Nawat Itsaragrisil was restricted from pageant activities after yelling at Miss Mexico.
  • India’s Manika Vishwakarma reached Top 12 before elimination.
  • Puerto Rico will host the 75th Miss Universe pageant.
  • Badminton legend Saina Nehwal served as one of eight judges.
Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian to reach 4000 runs in T20I (End of December)
  • Opener Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian to reach 4000 runs in T20Is during the first of a five-match series against Sri Lanka on Sunday at the ACA-VDCA stadium in Visakhapatnam.
  • India defeated Sri Lanka by eight wickets in Vizag after chasing a 122-run target.
  • Smriti Mandhana reached the 4000-run milestone in 15 balls and currently sits second in the list of players with most runs in the format with 4007 runs.
  • Jemimah Rodrigues scored a half-century to help India secure the victory ('Jemimah Rodrigues half century helps India beat Sri Lanka by eight wickets in Vizag').
  • Vaishnavi Sharma made her T20I debut during the series opener against Sri Lanka.
  • This match was India’s first international appearance since the 'Women in Blue beat South Africa to lift their maiden Women’s ODI World Cup last month'.
Smriti Mandhana surpasses 10,000 international runs to script history (End of December)
  • Smriti Mandhana became the fastest player ever and the second Indian woman after Mithali Raj to surpass 10,000 international runs.
  • She achieved the milestone during the fourth T20I against Sri Lanka at the Greenfield International Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Mandhana scored 80 runs off 48 deliveries, hitting 11 fours and three sixes at a strike rate of 170.2.
  • She became the first Indian and second overall to reach 4,000 runs in Women’s T20Is during the series opener in Visakhapatnam.
  • Mandhana is the first Indian woman to score a century in all three formats of the game.
  • She finished 2025 as the highest run-scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs), amassing 1,362 runs across 23 innings, including five fifties and five centuries.
  • Mandhana will lead Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) in the 2026 Women’s Premier League (WPL) starting January 9.
10-year-old Indian-origin British prodigy Bodhana Sivanandan shocks chess world, wins UK Women’s Blitz Championship (End of November)
  • Young chess prodigy Bodhana Sivanandan, just ten years old, triumphed at the UK Open Blitz Championships, clinching the women's title and a £500 prize.
  • Her remarkable performance saw her score 13.5/15 points.
  • She nearly faced a challenge from defending champion Elmira Mirzoeva, but Mirzoeva lost after making a crucial pawn error.
  • Veteran Grandmaster Daniel Gormally secured the Open Blitz championship, earning £1,000 with 11.5/15 points.
  • Gormally narrowly edged out promising 16-year-old Stanley Badacsonyi.
  • Last month, Sivanandan defeated former World Champion Grandmaster Mariya Muzychuk at the European Club Cup in Greece.
  • Born in London in 2015 to parents from Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Sivanandan represented the 12th-seeded team She Plays to Win Lionesses.
  • Earlier this year, Sivanandan became the youngest female chess player to defeat a grandmaster by beating 60-year-old Grandmaster Peter Wells at the 2025 British Chess Championships in Liverpool.
  • Her victory at 10 years, five months and three days surpassed the 2019 record held by American Carissa Yip, and she also became the youngest player to secure a WGM norm.
  • The Harrow schoolgirl, who started playing chess during lockdown, made history in 2024 as the youngest person to represent England internationally in any sport at the Chess Olympiad in Hungary.
  • Sivanandan is now part of a new generation of English chess talent making their mark in international competitions.

Johannes Hoesflot Klaebo anchors Norway to relay gold, becomes winningest Winter Olympian with nine golds

[Norway]

Key Updates:

  • Johannes Hoesflot Klaebo won his ninth Winter Olympics gold medal in the men’s 4x7.5km cross-country skiing relay.
  • Team Norway finished first, Team France took silver 22.2 seconds behind, and Team Italy claimed bronze 47.9 seconds behind.
  • Italy’s bronze was its first cross-country skiing medal of the Milan Cortina Games.
  • Klaebo’s gold tally surpasses fellow Norwegians Marit Bjorgen, Ole Einar Bjorndalen and Bjorn Daehlie.
  • Norway’s relay team consisted of Emil Iversen, Martin Loewstroem Nyenget, Einar Hedegart and Johannes Hoesflot Klaebo.
  • The 4x7.5km relay was the fourth men’s cross-country event contested in Italy.

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Lucas Pinheiro Braathen wins Olympic giant slalom gold for Brazil (Mid of February)
  • Lucas Pinheiro Braathen claimed gold in the men’s giant slalom at the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics held at Stelvio Alpine Skiing Centre on 14 February 2026.
  • He recorded a two-run combined time of 2 minutes 25 seconds.
  • He beat defending champion Marco Odermatt of Switzerland by 0.58 seconds; Loic Meillard of Switzerland took bronze.
  • This victory marks South America’s first-ever medal at a Winter Games and Brazil’s first Winter Olympics gold.
Chandigarh University defends Khelo India University Games 2025 title (Mid of December)
  • Chandigarh University topped the KIUG 2025 medal table with 42 gold, 14 silver and 11 bronze medals.
  • Lovely Professional University finished runner-up with 32 gold, 25 silver and 22 bronze medals.
  • The Games were held across seven cities in Rajasthan: Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kota and Bharatpur.
  • Jain University’s Srihari Nataraj was the most successful athlete, winning nine gold and two silver medals.
Ueli Kestenholz Died as Olympic Snowboard Medalist (Mid of January)
  • Ueli Kestenholz, a Swiss snowboarder and Olympic bronze medalist, passed away at the age of 50.
  • He won the bronze medal in the snowboard giant slalom at the 1998 Nagano Olympics, which was the debut event for the sport.
  • He was a two-time snowboardcross champion at the X-Games and competed in two additional Winter Games during his career.
  • The Swiss ski federation confirmed he died after being trapped in an avalanche in the Lötschental valley of Valais canton.
  • The incident occurred at an altitude of 2,400 meters while he was snowboarding with a friend.
Haryana wins overall team title at Khelo India Winter Games 2026 (End of January)
  • Haryana won the team championship title of the Ladakh phase of Khelo India Winter Games 2026 after securing four gold medals.
  • Indian Army team retained the men’s ice hockey title by defeating Chandigarh in the final with the match-winner scored three minutes before full-time.
  • Ladakh, Maharashtra and Telangana each won two gold medals and were separated by silver count: Ladakh (5 silver), Maharashtra (3 silver), Telangana (2 silver).
  • National coach Mohammad Abbas Nordak stated that the overall standard of ice skating improved noticeably compared to the previous five editions.
  • Muthakani Vishnu Vardhan (Telangana) and Sachin Singh (Haryana) delivered strong individual performances in men’s events.
  • Among women skaters, Nayana and Skarma stood out with consistent and competitive performances.

India tops Asian Rifle/Pistol Championship 2026 with 94 medals

[Asian Rifle/Pistol Championship, Delhi]

Key Updates:

  • India finished the Asian Rifle/Pistol Championship, New Delhi 2026, at Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range with 94 medals: 51 gold, 23 silver, 20 bronze.
  • On the final day India added six gold, three silver, four bronze medals.
  • Amanpreet Singh won 25m centre fire pistol gold with 589-24x; Gurpreet Singh took silver with 584-20x; Ankur Goel claimed bronze with 570-11x; the trio secured team gold.
  • Suraj Sharma won 25m Pistol Junior gold with 585-25x; Mukesh Nelavalli secured silver with 582-21x; Abhinav Deshwal took bronze with 573-17x; the trio also won team gold.
  • Sift Kaur Samra won 50m Rifle Prone women senior silver with 623.2; Tejaswani Sawant claimed bronze; Yelizaveta Bezrukova of Kazakhstan won gold; Sift, Tejaswani and Manini Kaushik combined for team gold.
  • Dhavalika Devi Nyamurus secured 50m Rifle Prone women junior bronze with 614.1; Prachi Gaikwad, Anuskha Thokur and Devi combined for team gold.

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Esha Singh claims India’s maiden gold at Asian rifle and pistol championship (Mid of February)
  • Esha Singh won the 10m air pistol women’s final at the Asian rifle and pistol championship held in New Delhi.
  • India secured gold in the women’s 10m air pistol team event.
  • Samrat Rana won individual bronze in the men’s 10m air pistol event.
  • Indian men’s air pistol team of Samrat Rana, Sharvan Kumar and Varun Tomar secured team silver.
  • Vladimir Svechnikov of Uzbekistan won the men’s individual gold and Valeriy Rakimzhan took silver.
  • Uzbekistan won the men’s team gold in 10m air pistol.
  • Vietnam took silver and Chinese Taipei bronze in the women’s 10m air pistol team event.
Aakriti Dahiya wins silver medal at Asian Championship (Mid of February)
  • The Asian Championship for rifle and pistol events was held in New Delhi.
  • Aakriti Dahiya won the silver medal in the women’s 50m rifle 3 positions event.
  • Olympian Anjum Moudgil secured the bronze medal in the women’s 50m rifle 3 positions event.
  • Sofiya Shulzhenko of Kazakhstan won the gold medal in the women’s 50m rifle 3 positions with a new world record score of 358.2.
  • The Indian women’s team, comprising Aakriti Dahiya, Anjum Moudgil, and Aashi Chouksey, won the silver medal with a total score of 1756-86x.
  • Prachi Gaikwad won the gold medal in the junior women’s 3P final with a score of 353.3.
  • Tomiris Amanova of Kazakhstan won the silver medal in the junior women’s 3P final with a score of 351.4.
  • Anushka Thokur won the bronze medal in the junior women’s 3P final with a score of 341.1.
  • Vidarsa Kochalumkal Vinod, a Ranking Points Only (RPO) athlete, topped the qualification chart with 590 points.
India secures record 102 medals at Asian Youth Para Games 2025 (End of December)
  • India achieved its most successful campaign at the Asian Youth Para Games 2025 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), winning 102 medals.
  • The medal tally for the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI) included 36 gold, 28 silver, and 38 bronze medals.
  • A 99-member Indian contingent, comprising 61 men and 38 women, competed in eight sports during the fifth edition of the Games held from December 10 to 13.
  • Athletics was the most successful discipline for India, accounting for 48 medals, including 17 gold, 13 silver, and 18 bronze.
  • Swimmer Abdul Quadir Indori opened India's medal account with a gold in the 50m backstroke and a bronze in the 50m butterfly multi-class events.
  • The 2025 performance surpassed India's previous records of 44 medals at Dubai 2017 and 37 medals at Manama 2021.
  • Around 1500 athletes from 35 national federations competed across 11 disciplines at the continental meet.
  • Badminton and swimming also recorded double-digit medal hauls for the Indian team.
Manu Bhaker wins silver medal at Asian Shooting Championships 2026 (Start of February)
  • Double Olympic medallist Manu Bhaker won the silver medal in the 25m pistol final at the Asian Shooting Championships 2026 held in New Delhi.
  • Thuy Trang Nguyen of Vietnam secured the gold medal after defeating Bhaker in a shoot-off, following a tied score of 35.
  • India's Esha Singh finished the competition in the third position to claim the bronze medal in the 25m pistol event.
  • Meghana Sajjanar won a bronze medal at the same championships while competing in her eighth month of pregnancy.
  • Bhaker qualified for the final with a score of 584 and used a new pistol from the Italian manufacturer Pardini.
  • Bhaker previously won two bronze medals in the 25m pistol event at the 2021 and 2023 International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cups.
  • Bhaker finished in seventh place in the 10m air pistol final five days prior to winning the silver medal.
  • The qualification cycle for the 2028 Los Angeles (LA) Olympics is scheduled to commence on 31 July 2026.
  • The National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) was the body associated with the event's documentation.

India’s first Jain Chadar Mahotsav to be held in Jaisalmer from 6 to 8 March 2026

[Jaisalmer]

Key Updates:

  • India’s first Jain Chadar Mahotsav will be organised from 6 to 8 March 2026 in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
  • The 872-year-old garments of Dada Shri Jindatt Suri Maharaj will be displayed during the festival.
  • Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) Sarsanghchalak Mohan Bhagwat will attend on 6 March.
  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Union Minister for Art, Tourism and Culture Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, and Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal are expected on 7 March.
  • Punjab Governor Gulab Chandra Kataria will join on 8 March.
  • Over 150 Jain saints and more than 30,000 devotees are expected to attend.
  • The garments have been preserved in Jaisalmer’s Gyan Bhandar since VS 1945 after being brought from Patan, Gujarat.

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Amit Shah inaugurates third International Kite Festival at Baansera Park in Delhi (Mid of January)
  • Amit Shah, Union Home Minister, inaugurated the 3rd International Kite Festival at Baansera Park in Delhi.
  • Shah urged the Delhi government and Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to form a committee to make Delhi the national hub for kite festivities.
  • He recalled that during the protest against the Simon Commission, kites with 'Simon Go Back' were flown across the country.
  • Shah also announced that the Indian government and several state governments will observe Somnath Swabhiman Varsh to mark the 1000th anniversary of the first attack on the Somnath temple.
Haryana Assembly passes resolution to commemorate 350th martyrdom year of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (End of December)
  • The house unanimously passed a resolution to commemorate the 350th martyrdom year of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the Ninth Guru and protector of India’s honour.
  • A forest was developed in the name of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji in Kalesar, Yamunanagar district, which included tree plantations, a wildlife conservation block, and the construction of the Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Gate.
  • In the same district, the Guru Tegh Bahadur Agricultural College was announced in Kishanpura, linking Guru Sahib’s name with education and agriculture.
  • 350 blood donation camps were organised across Haryana, collecting over 23,000 units of blood.
  • Essay competitions were held in schools in Sanskrit, Hindi, Punjabi, and English, engaging 350,000 students.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi also joined the congregation at Jyotisar, Kurukshetra. During the event, he released a commemorative coin and postage stamp issued by the Government of India in honour of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji.
150th Shree Baba Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan begins with shehnai, dhrupad, sitar-cello jugalbandi and folk vocals in Jalandhar (End of December)
  • The 150th Shree Baba Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan got off to a warm start with mangal dhwani of shehnai from grounds of the Shri Devi Talab Mandir here today.
  • Arrangements have been made to accommodate 2,000 people in a 90 by 180 feet pandal, at the Shree Devi Talab Mandir grounds in Jalandhar, for the sangeet sammelan.
  • A 15-feet monument featuring a sitar, veena and tabla has been constructed as a tribute to Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan completing its 150 years at Doaba Chowk, closest to Devi Talab Mandir.
  • The sammelan is dedicated to the 350th martyrdom anniversary of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib and also to Banaras Gharana virtuoso Pt Chhannulal Mishra who passed away earlier this year.
Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam 2025 observed on December 6-7 (Start of December)
  • Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam 2025 is organised by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture, Sangeet Natak Academy and supported by Andhra Pradesh Tourism and the Department of Culture, Government of Andhra Pradesh.
  • The festival is held at Tummalapallivari Kshetrayya Kalakshetram in Vijayawada.
  • The theme for this edition is 'Celebrating the Richness of Telugu Music Traditions'.
  • A special dawn rendition of the Pancharatna Kritis will be presented at Durga Ghat on 7th December at 7 am.

Global Tourism Resilience Day observed on February 17

Key Updates:

  • Global Tourism Resilience Day is observed annually on February 17.
  • The day was established by a United Nations General Assembly resolution led by Jamaica and first celebrated on February 17, 2023.
  • The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Secretary-General praised Jamaica’s leadership in initiating the day.
  • Over 90 countries have supported the Global Tourism Resilience Day initiative.

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International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and when Conducive to Terrorism observed on 12 February 2026 (Mid of February)
  • International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and when Conducive to Terrorism is observed on 12 February 2026.
  • United Nations (UN) Secretary-General António Guterres released a message for the day.
  • United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy marks its twentieth anniversary in 2026.
  • United Nations Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremement marks its tenth anniversary in 2026.
National Tourism Day 2026 observed on January 25 (End of January)
  • National Tourism Day 2026 is observed on January 25.
  • The day was established on January 25, 1982, by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.
  • National Tourism Day recognises tourism as a driver of economic development, employment generation, cultural preservation, and people-to-people connection.
'Resilience can't be built in silos': PM Modi proposes critical minerals, satellite data initiatives at G20 (End of November)
  • PM Modi proposed a G20 initiative to enhance clean energy transitions by boosting recycling, easing supply chain pressures, and advancing joint research on critical minerals.
  • He suggested forging a partnership to make satellite data more accessible and interoperable, proposing the G20 Open Satellite Data Partnership to make G20 space agencies' data available to developing countries for various activities.
  • Modi emphasized strengthening global cooperation to deal with natural disasters, stating that 'resilience cannot be built in silos' and advocating for greater collaboration.
  • He called for the G20 to promote comprehensive strategies linking nutrition, public health, sustainable agriculture, and disaster preparedness to build a stronger global security system.
  • India established the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group during its G20 Presidency and advocates for a 'development-centric' approach to disaster resilience, which is India's vision behind setting up the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).
  • India proposed a G20 Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative to promote recycling, urban mining, second-life batteries, and related innovations, aiming to strengthen clean energy transitions and supply chain security.
  • During the New Delhi G20 Summit, a resolution was made to triple renewable energy and double the energy efficiency rate by 2030, requiring developed countries to fulfill their commitments to provide affordable climate finance and technology.
  • Modi highlighted the Deccan Principles on Food Security adopted during India's presidency as a basis for creating a G20 roadmap on food security and called for greater collective action on the climate agenda to strengthen food security.
  • He sought a greater voice for the Global South in global governance structures, noting that the inclusion of the African Union as a permanent member of G20 in the New Delhi Summit was a major step forward that must be taken beyond G20.
  • A declaration adopted at the G20 Leaders' Summit underlined solidarity, equality, and sustainability as key pillars of inclusive growth, also prominently mentioning energy security, climate action, and disaster resilience and response.
  • G20 members comprise the world's major economies, representing 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and two-thirds of the world's population.
  • South Africa is hosting the G20 Summit, marking the first time it is held on the African continent and the fourth consecutive summit of the grouping to be held in the Global South, following Brazil (2024), India (2023), and Indonesia (2022).
International Day of Epidemic Preparedness observed on December 27 (End of December)
  • International Day of Epidemic Preparedness is observed annually on December 27.
  • The United Nations General Assembly officially designated this day in December 2020 through Resolution 75/27.
  • The initiative was spearheaded by Vietnam and supported by several other nations.
  • The first observance took place on December 27, 2020.